ISSUE N°7MARCH 2013

I n n o v a t i o n i n S o l i d S t a t e L i g h t i n g

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F r e e r e g i s t r a t i o n o n www.i-micronews.com

ANALYST CORNEROLED lighting

sparks innovationfrenzy

COMpANY iNSigHT Quality underpins

OLED panelprogress

iNDUSTRY REViEW Efficacy steps turn

OLED lighting on

Gain the most up-to-date news and developments in the field of phosphors - highlighting important topics like rare earths, afterglow phosphors and LED phosphors. You can’t afford to miss innovative discussions with industry leaders on sessions like:

4Phosphors – Markets and Future Applications4LED Phosphors – Colorimetric issues & Phosphor issues4Phosphors for OLEDs and Emissive Displays4Luminescent Converters for Photovoltaic Devices4Afterglow and VUV Phosphors4Spectroscopy of Phosphors4Nanoscale Phosphors and Quantum Dots

Scan this QR code to visit the Phosphor Global Summit website

Don’t miss the pre-conference seminars on March 18

Fundamentals ofRare-Earth Spectroscopy and Scintillators: fundamentals

and applications

March 18-20, 2013Sheraton New Orleans Hotel

New Orleans, LA

The only event dedicated to phosphors worldwide!

www.phosphorsummit.com

E D i T O R i A L

…LED technology has already paved the way

with a revolution in Solid State Lighting

(SSL) that has drawn attention away

from OLED over thelast 10 years…

3i L E D

M A R C H 2 0 1 3 I S S U E N ° 7

OLED vs. LED? No! Lighting = OLED + LED

2013 is underway and Yole Développement’s LED team wishes you a year filled with

innovations, technological breakthroughs and market success.

The magazine will change tack a bit this year; for one, we’ll focus on the “non-

visible” face of LEDs through issues dedicated to UV LEDs and new substrates for

LED manufacturing; and secondly, we’ll hone in on emerging lighting trends through

issues focused on intelligent lighting and OLED lighting.

In this first issue, OLED lighting has the honor.

OLED technology has come a long way since 1998, when pioneer started offering car

audio systems with small monochrome pMOLED displays. OLED is now a multi-billion

dollar industry, mostly due to brilliant, touch-enabled AMOLED displays for mobile

phones which triggered the OLED market’s first growth cycle. The AMOLED display

market has grown quickly, from about $500M in 2009 to over $6B in 2012, thanks

mostly to Samsung Mobile Display (SMD), which owns nearly 90% market share.

in 2013, watch for OLEDs to target mid and large-size display applications (TVs,

netbooks, etc.), given SMD and Lg innotek’s recent decision to commercialize such

products. And though display applications are currently OLED’s only visible face, the

technology has a “bright” future: lighting applications.

Currently, OLEDs for lighting are still in their infancy. However, due to enhanced

design possibilities (size and form variety -- thin, lightweight, potentially transparent

and/or flexible, etc.), their integration into automotive lighting and general lighting

could begin within the next 2 - 5 years. Of course, technological improvements

must be made for better efficiency and lower cost (materials, manufacturing

process, etc.), in order for the technology to be accepted. Even then, acceptance

will be difficult - over the last decade, LED technology’s Solid State Lighting (SSL)

revolution has drawn attention away from OLED. However, in the beginning OLEDs

won’t compete directly with LEDs (or at least, they shouldn’t), and should develop

slowly in the lighting market by attracting mainly niche applications (i.e. specialty

and high-end lighting) while differentiating through design possibilities. By the time

this is accomplished, two key questions will require answers:

• What technology approaches will drive OLED into mass production? As with any

emerging technology, a large variety of materials and structures/designs are used

in production or tested. Moreover, alternatives to existing materials are actively

researched in order to improve light performance and lifetime, and decrease

manufacturing costs.

• Which business model will OLED panel manufacturers choose? In order to compete

with LED technology and leverage OLED’s full benefits at a reasonable cost, new

business models will be mandatory since the traditional lighting industry will be

reluctant to integrate new technology that could compromise its margins.

Ultimately, if OLED wants to access traditional market segments like commercial

lighting and office lighting, it will have to not only find a spark, but also combine

enough different niche markets in order to achieve economies of scale and decrease

cost.

Pars Mukish,Technology Market Analyst, LED, Yole Développementmukish@yole.fr

pLATiNUM pARTNERS:

For more information, please contact S. Leroy (leroy@yole.fr)

• Phosphor Global SummitMarch 18 to 20 - New Orleans, LA

• LED Lighting TaiwanJune 19 to 20 – Taipei, Taiwan

• LED ExpoJune 25 to 28 – Seoul, Korea

E V E N T S

M A R C H 2 0 1 2

INDUSTRY REVIEW 6• Efficacy steps turn OLED lighting on

With the participation of Astron-Fiamm, Ledon, Novaled, OSrAm and Philips Lumiblade

ComPany InSIGhT 10• Lumiotec: Quality underpins OLED panel progress• Sunic Systems lays foundation for OLED manufacturing

YOLE ASkS 14• Universal Display Corporation broadens OLED lighting focus

ANALYST CORNER 16• OLED lighting sparks innovation frenzy

C O N T E N T S

4

I S S U E N ° 7

i L E D

gOLD pARTNERS:

(Courtesy of OSrAm)

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June19, 2013Room 402c, TWTC Nangang Exhibition Hall, TaipeiSatellite event of Photonics Festival 2013

Efficacy steps turn oLED lighting on

Non-existent until 2007, today OLED lighting is a young and growing industry - but still too young for significant sales volumes.

Before entering the sector, the innovative new companies and powerful old ones populating it must have all asked: how can we commercialize this technology? With their rewards dependent on the answer, the companies’ choice of strategy is critical for their future.

Though only founded in 2009, Dresden, germany’s Ledon OLED Lighting is a joint venture between industrially-experienced Zumtobel and OLED-pioneering Fraunhofer institute for photonic Microsystems. Established to supply lighting modules to luminaire and fixture producers alongside fellow Zumtobel group member Tridonic’s drivers, Ledon does not have its own organic material deposition facilities. instead, it can select the best OLED panels, explained Jörg Amelung, Ledon’s general manager. But initially basic OLED technology had to improve for that approach to become viable. “Until the last year there were performance issues that made it impossible to use OLEDs commercially,” he said.

Commercialization became possible as technology improvements allowed Ledon’s Lureon Rep modules to leap in luminous efficacy from 10-20 lm/W to 40 lm/W. Then in February 2013 they surged further, to an industry-leading 50 lm/W. “The next step is to go up to 80 lm/W this year and 100 lm/W next year, where OLED will become comparable with other lighting sources,” Amelung said. “Then we also want to make a dramatic step on cost. it’s already come down, but we want to decrease that by a factor of 5-10 by the end of next year.” That will partly be driven by increased automation and output at the company’s mounting line, he added. And though Ledon also lists size, lifetime and colour quality as general targets, cost is now the most important factor for improving OLED lighting sales, Amelung said.

Jan Blochwitz-Nimoth, chief scientific officer and co-founder of OLED materials supplier Novaled, also based in Dresden, said prices combine with other parameters to drive adoption. “price per lumen has to be competitive,” he said. “Also, because you can use light straight from flat OLED systems, their system efficacy should be able to beat 50 lm/W

Astron-Fiamm, Ledon, Novaled, OSRAM and Philips Lumiblade tell Andy Extance and iLED their plans for commercializing OLEDs in the lighting market.

M A R C H 2 0 1 3 I S S U E N ° 7

i L E D6

Astron Fiamm, under the brand name Blackbody develops

OLED lighting according to its customers’ designs, like this

“Big Bang” luminaire.(Courtesy of Blackbody)

“We also want to make a dramatic step

on cost. It’s already come down, but we

want to decrease that by a factor of 5-10 by the end of

next year,”said Jörg Amelung,

Ledon OLED Lighting.

i N D U S T R Y R E V i E W

M A R C H 2 0 1 3

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I S S U E N ° 7

for fluorescent and 50-100 lm/W for LED systems. But i believe that weight becomes an issue with large areas, while emitting too much light from a small area produces glare. putting this area somewhere is becoming more complex, but paper-thin, flexible OLEDs can provide a solution to both the light and weight problems.”

Blochwitz-Nimoth emphasises Novaled’s focus on charge carrier transport and scalable large-area outcoupling materials used in producing OLED modules, where its targets are to reduce voltages and absorption losses. But his company also offers Liternity luminaires, high-price carbon-fibre desk lamps commercialized through retailers. “it’s introducing OLED technology to consumers, and we hope it will make money,” he said. “We buy OLEDs from a customer who uses our materials. it has helped understand how our materials not only improve OLEDs’ performance but also influence their appeal. For example, for some applications a milky effect is more appealing than a colored mirror effect if devices are switched off.”

Germany’s Osram underlined that the experts at its Regensurg OLED Development Center are also focussed on materials as they try to improve service life, efficiency and brightness. “The researchers can improve performance by skilfully combining the correct organic materials from the large variety available to them,” said Christian Bölling, Osram’s OLED technology spokeperson. “Research results on improvements in optical output coupling, which ensures that the greatest possible quantity of the light generated in the OLED

is actually emitted to the outside world, are useful here.” Osram has used such advances to boost its Orbeos OLED panels, which first became commercially available in 2009. At the light+building show in Frankfurt, germany, in 2012 it revealed it had increased service life to 10,000 hours, luminous efficacy to 40 lm/W and brightness to 2.000 cd/m². “These versions are already shipping,” Bölling said.

I’d like to buy, but oh, my!

Another important approach for lowering cost-per-lumen is increasing panel size, noted Dietmar Thomas, official spokesperson for Lumiblade, philips' Aachen, germany, based OLED division. “price is matter of production capacity and availability,” Thomas pointed out. Lumiblade is therefore targeting 1 m2 panel production by 2018, which Thomas called “a conservative goal”. philips is already progressing in that direction, having just inaugurated its newest OLED fab, and planning production starting in the first quarter of 2013.

phil ips sees itself as leading OLED industrialisation, Thomas said, demonstrating the technology’s capabilities to the whole lighting market. “We are in transition,” he explained. “We started in 2008-2009 with the first high-class design projects, like the interactive wall, which is €60,000 for a 250 cm x 180 cm unit or our mirror, which is €3,400 per piece. This was never intended to be in the mass market, so we are also supplying panels to other luminaire makers, like Novaled. The future will see cheaper, more broadly targeted, Philips products. For example, the market is

asking for our 124.5 mm x 124.5 mm GL350 panels. This is the first OLED panel going into the functional lighting area and will be one of the main products from the Aachen fab.”

By contrast, Toulon, France’s Astron Fiamm exclusively supplies tailor-made OLED lighting. it uses its own name for supplying technical lighting, and the Blackbody brand for its decorative products. “We make OLED lighting specific to our customers’ needs,” commented Bruno Dussert-Vidalet, Astron Fiamm’s CEO. “We’re a small company, with just 30 people, that’s dedicated to tailor-made OLEDs. if customers are willing to invest a certain amount of money for tooling, they get OLEDs just for their lamp. For example, every car can have different fixtures, though we’re not yet able to supply in large quantities.”

The market is ready, although small, for decorative OLED lighting Dussert-Vidalet said, while for technical lighting purposes OLED technology has to be comparable to LED. “But OLED is already near enough to that level, today the problem is just price,” he said. “Otherwise the major challenge is proposing designs the client likes.” Astron Fiamm’s bespoke operation has recently expanded its production capacity tenfold to 100 47 cm x 37 cm Gen 2 substrates per day, potentially yielding roughly 60 m2 of lighting. Yet it is hoping that technology as well as scale will bring prices down. “in two years’ time we expect 20-30 per cent more performance out of chemistry,” Dussert-Vidalet said.

Philips’ Aachen OLED production line is set to begin production in Q1 2013.

(Courtesy of Philips Lumiblade)

2012 oLED lighting panel manufacturing cost breakdown(Source: OLED for Lighting report, November 2012, Yole Développement)

Depreciation24,3%Materials

28,5%

Cost of yield30,0%

Labor11,0%

Operations3,6%

Overhead2,6%

OVER A TOTAL OF NEARLY $3,900/m²

i L E D8

The advances being made in OLED materials hold great potential agrees philips’ Thomas. “Overall research results for OLEDs are picking up momentum, both at philips and across the world,” he said. “Chemical companies have been improving efficiency, and making larger quantities available to the people who need them. Over the past year and a half, we’ve seen more efficient materials come on the market almost every month.” That has helped push Philips’ panels to 45 lm/W luminous efficacy, and 120 lm total output. it is also the only company in the market to provide OLED panels in all colours, shapes and also free forms, Thomas said.

OLEDs’ ability to illuminate the world in new ways, such as windows or ceiling tiles unrecognisable as lights until they’re turned on, also promises much, Thomas said. “OLED is not just a new light source - it’s a material that emits wonderful light,” he commented. “We have to think of ways to bring it into the market that don’t look like old luminaires.” in automotive applications OLEDs will never be used as headlights, Thomas added, but could enable thinner rear lights that increase trunk space or reduce vehicle size.

OLEDs: seeing semiconductors in a new light

Use in vehicles is an especially hot topic for Osram, Bölling said, after it presented an OLED rear light at the 2012 Electronica show in Munich, germany. it also developed an OLED capable of withstanding temperatures of up to 85 °C for several hundred hours, which is important in automotive testing. “We will see the first cars featuring OLED lighting on the streets in 2015,” Bölling predicted. And while the company emphasises that OLEDs’ high quality, warm white light could be used in almost every application it also highlights its unique characteristics. “in contrast to traditional light sources, OLED panels do not become hot, and consequently they can be used directly on wood, for example for use in furniture,” the spokesperson said. Osram is leading transparent

OLED lighting’s commercialization, having presented its Rollercoaster luminaire featuring transparent panels in 2012. “These 'luminous glass panels' are intended for series-production from 2014 onwards,” Bölling said.

Ledon’s Amelung also stressed how obvious OLED progress was at trade shows like light+building in 2012, with. “We saw the first market applications, real luminaires, only in small volume, but it was still a big step,” he said. Such advances will help Ledon penetrate its main target market: professional applications like offices, hotels, retail stores, or museums. “The main target is the light, rather than any other effects,” Amelung said. “To deliver the best solution we look at the complete OLED, combining the best OLED element, mechanical, electrical and optical parts. We try to reach the point where the most efficient material and best colour quality meet. By combining these factors we offer state-of-the-art technology.”

And while OLED will never replace LED lighting, underlined Dussert-Vidalet, it does currently have great prospects. “OLEDs are developing strongly and there’s good potential to increase the performance,” he said. “All the light you create you see, and production costs could be much lower than LED. Basic OLED light tiles are 2-4mm thick, and that could allow very thin light tiles on the wall. And while today everybody is working on glass substrates, in future they will be conformable or flexible.” The ongoing advance of OLED in cellphone and TV displays is helping drive a steady market acceptance, he adds. “people are asking more competent questions than before,” he says. “The more quickly the market accepts the technology, the faster we can sell, which is obviously very important.”

OLED lighting also benefits from technological progress in displays, said Novaled’s Blochwitz-Nimoth. “Our piN doping technology is used in every Samsung cellphone, and lighting is much smaller than

Novaled is focussed delivering on charge carrier transport and outcoupling materials.(Courtesy of Novaled)

M A R C H 2 0 1 3 I S S U E N ° 7

“The more quickly the market accepts the technology, the faster we can sell, which is obviously

very important,”said Bruno Dussert-

Vidalet, Astron FiAMM.

I S S U E N ° 7 M A R C H 2 0 1 3

9i L E D

Jörg amelung, General manager, Ledon oLED LightingJörg Amelung received his diploma in physics from the University of Duisburg, Germany. From 1999 until 2008 he was responsible for the OLED activities inside the Fraunhofer institute for photonic Microsystems (ipMS) in Dresden, germany. in 2003, he co-founded Novaled Ag. in 2009 he founded LEDON OLED Lighting, a joint venture of Zumtobel and the Fraunhofer Society, whose mission is development and fabrication of OLED module solutions

Jan Blochwitz-Nimoth, Chief Scientific Officer and Co-Founder, NovaledJan Blochwitz-Nimoth studied physics at the TU Dresden and the University of Oldenburg. He completed his diploma thesis at the institute for Applied photo physics (iApp) of the TU Dresden in the field of ultra-short laser spectroscopy. Afterwards he worked for one year on inorganic optoelectronic and light projection devices. While working on his phD at iApp, he conducted intensive research on applications of doped charge transport layers for OLED. He successfully completed his phD in July 2001. With his outstanding knowledge of doped charge transport layers for OLED Jan Blochwitz-Nimoth is a key inventor of the Novaled piN OLED Technology. in 2011 he received the ‘Deutscher Zukunfts-preis’ award.

Bruno Dussert-Vidalet, Chief Executive officer, astron FIammA graduate of iSEp (an engineering school specialized in Electronics & Computer Science) and from HEC in Marketing and Business development, Bruno Dussert-Vidalet has followed an international career path and benefits from strong experience in innovation management, business and industrial development. From 1995 to 1998, he worked for Alcatel iRS and from 1998 to 2002 he was employed by the Multimedia Department at Siemens VDO. From 2002 to 2007, he was responsible for diversifying the activities of the FIAMM Group, in Italy. In 2007, supported by FIAMM he stepped into the OLED business by creating Astron FiAMM and its brand BLACKBODY.

Dietmar Thomas, official Spokesperson, Philips Lumiblade Thomas and his colleagues oversee the worldwide marketing activities for Lumiblade, philips’ OLED lighting division. Dietmar Thomas is an avid writer and journalist with over 25 years of experience in communication. in that time he worked for large corporations in the entertainment and car manufacturing industries, pR agencies and publications in Europe and the U.S.

Christian Bölling, Spokesperson Technology, OSRAMBio not available

that, only pilot production,” he said. “But we’re seeing a constant increase in efficacy, and more serious products.” publicly-funded research programmes have also helped advance OLED lighting in Europe, the executive added. “For example, the OLED100.eu project developed 50 lm/W white panel tandem or triple stack technology,” he said. “Also, the So-Light project produced new host transport and doping materials that are less absorptive.”

But despite these collaborations, Novaled pursues “customer dedicated adaptation” to each application specification, in contrast to highly-regimented inorganic semiconductor technology. “OLED measurement techniques do have to be standardized,” Blochwitz-Nimoth conceded. “The industry could standardize panel size or connections to accelerate adoption, but that’s under debate, as it would restrict their aesthetic appeal. And while we can get make key, ‘standard’, universally distributed materials cheaper, standardisation isn’t a driving force in OLEDs. Larger-scale production will play a bigger part in lowering costs. Standardisation is sometimes just used as a buzzword. Material standardisation probably won’t happen in organic semiconductors.”

andy Extance for yole DéveloppementIn February 2013, Ledon’s Lureon Rep modules reached 50 lm/W luminous efficacy.

(Courtesy of Ledon OLED Lighting)

m a r c h 2 0 1 3 I S S U E N ° 7

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c o m p a n y i n s i g h t

Quality underpins OLED panel progress

thanks to its striking mirror-like Vanity and award-winning hangEr products, yonezawa, Japan’s Lumiotec is known today for its

oLED luminaires. While he’s glad for the attention, executive general manager yoshihiko morita underlined that this is not his company’s main product. “the luminaires were an experiment that we exhibited at the milan Furniture Fair in 2011,” he said. “We created them so people could feel and understand oLEDs. We had a lot of enquiries, so we started producing them, and some shops are selling them, but our primary focus is oLED lighting panels.”

Lumiotec benefits from the experience of its Japanese owners, who joined together in 2008 to establish ‘the first company in the world uniquely specializing in oLED for lighting’. mitsubishi heavy has the majority holding and supplies Lumiotec with deposition tools, while toppan contributes outcoupling film expertise. Rohm Semiconductor provides electronic device development, and mitsui & co contributes marketing support.

having started mass production in 2011 Lumiotec wants to make oLED into “real, available products” morita explained. thanks partly to an agreement with Ewing, new Jersey, material expert UDc to use its phosphorescent and other oLED technology its panels progressed from 10 lm/W to 40 lm/W in one year. though 40 lm/W remains Lumiotec’s best luminous efficacy in mass production it makes

the world’s largest panels, at 30 cm x 10 cm, and is determined to push its technology further. “the next steps will be 50, 60, 80 and then 100 lm/W in 4-5 years’ time,” the executive said. “Bigger and flexible or transparent panels are also in the future, and we’re doing r&D on that. We’re trying to make though an effort to get the best panels to the public right now, focusing on high quality.”

But that resolve to progress is far from being inspired by fear that Lumiotec’s products will be outshone by inorganic LEDs. “nobody is saying oLED is going to replace LED,” morita said. “they will exist together. But when thinking about output remember oLEDs do not need diffusers that other non-uniform sources use to homogenize their illumination, filters or cooling systems. When our products can reach 50 lm/W, which is likely to become reality within this year, they can be equivalent to an LED luminaire. The way forward is to improve OLED efficacy, but also make the most of features like the fact that they provide surface emission and don’t get hot.”

Even at current luminous efficacy levels, such features are helping Lumiotec to gain share in the lighting market. “as everybody knows, oLED is not yet widely used for general lighting,” morita said. “it is going to be, but people are trying to meet the needs of niche markets.” For Lumiotec, such niches include high color rendering index (cri) lighting for museum or retail use. “these industries need totally diffuse light, without UV or ir emission, that does not glare or get hot,” the executive explained. “For them, we created a new product version with cri 93 ra, compared to existing high quality oLEDs that reach only about 80 ra.”

at the beginning of February 2013 Lumiotec made another small step by releasing its p07 series panels whose color temperature has been tailored to demand. “previously we offered 4700K and warm white 2800K, but we had a lot of feedback that we should go towards 4000K for our standard panels,” morita explained. “now, the p07 produces 4000K, 90 ra cri light.”

morita thinks that currently most of the oLED industry is advancing through similar small improvements in their product releases. But he emphasised that there are more significant advances coming from Lumiotec. “at the 2012 Light+Building show in Frankfurt, apart

As Lumiotec targets future 100 lm/W efficacy, the company is today delivering high-quality mass produced oLED panels, explains Executive general manager yoshihiko morita.

Yoshihiko Morita, Executive General Manager, Lumiotec

Lumiotec is the world’s first company to mass produce OLED lighting panels, now in five series, and offers

the biggest panel’s sizes on the market.(Courtesy of Lumiotec)

“The way forward is to improve OLED

efficacy, but also make the most of

features like the fact that they provide

surface emission and don’t get hot,”

said yoshihiko morita.

11i L E D

from big mechanisms and surprising designs, there wasn’t much new - but it is coming,” he forecast. “A few years from now we will have a very thin, lightweight light that can be integrated everywhere. We are already beginning to talk in a deep way with transportation companies, but it is ideal for every use where there’s not a lot of space, not just lighting, transport or architecture. LED was a new concept to put lights where you couldn’t before. in the same way OLEDs will be surprising, especially when they get larger and produce a more powerful light. Everybody is waiting for transparency and flexibility, which will happen, but we’re focused on delivering the best product at this moment.”

Lumiotec’s determination to focus on panels may mean it won’t quickly gain recognition from the general public. However, Morita hopes it will become synonymous in the lighting industry with the best OLED panels. “OLED is state-of-the-art technology and Lumiotec is very precise and determined to do things as well as we can,” he said. “We might not be well known, but once people discover us they use Lumiotec because of our quality.”

www.lumiotec.com

yoshihiko morita, Executive General manager, Lumiotecin 1983 Morita graduated in economics from the prestigious Keio University, Tokyo, and entered Mitsubisi Heavy industries that same year. While in the System Development section of general Affairs Department, he was in charge of designing and planning computer systems to control production management. In 1987 Morita passed to sales department of pump planning and construction, for general and public use, where he stayed for 17 years. in 2005 he became manager in the Strategic Business Development Department and joined Lumiotec Inc. in 2008 as Executive General Manager, where he currently successfully runs all the company’s sales and marketing strategies.

Lumiotec’s HANGEr luminaire won the red dot design awardin 2012. (Courtesy of Lumiotec)

OLED Lighting will reach

a $1.7B market opportunity

by 2020

Discover the NEWreport on

i-Micronews.com/reports

OLED for Lighting

M A R C H 2 0 1 3 I S S U E N ° 7

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C O M p A N Y i N S i g H T

Sunic Systems lays foundation for OLED manufacturing

The OLED lighting industry may still be at an early stage in its development, but Suwon, Korea’s Sunic Systems has already detected

a shift in companies’ priorities. improving devices’ performance has rightly topped their agenda, explains Peter Kim, senior manager in Sunic’s technology and business department. “Until now the main requirement for OLED lighting has been luminance and efficiency,” he said. “The efficiency, including the out-coupling effect, of OLED lighting has moved to 60 lm/W. That is similar to fluorescent lamps, but its brightness is 3,000 cd/m2. That means, for an OLED tile size 100 mm x 100 mm, total luminance is just 75 lm. To achieve 800 lm, which is almost the output of a 60 W incandescent lamp, a 300 mm x 300 mm tile is needed.”

Further brightness increases are clearly needed, but Kim thinks that the main focus should now be on another attribute critical to adoption. “By 2015, OLED lighting is forecasted to reach almost $30/klm, and then it will become more popular,” he explained. “Lighting’s mainstream will be LED until 2015, but after 2015 OLED lighting will increase. So while the main need for display is performance, for lighting it’s cost. That makes efficiency of organic material use a very important factor, as well as cycle and run time.”

As a deposition and encapsulation equipment provider that has sold more than 100 systems to 49 customers worldwide, Sunic has helped the industry reach this point. An important early step came in 2007, collaborating with Dresden, Germany, based OLED material producer Novaled to improve thin film deposition processes and resulting device lifetimes. That helped Sunic develop turn-key systems allowing its customers to economically ramp up OLED production “it was a co-development project where we did real tests on large systems,” Kim explained.

Then, in 2008, it supplied Sunicel tools that deposit polymers by thermal evaporation into pilot fabrication systems at the Center for Organic Materials and Electronic Devices Dresden, which is now called Fraunhofer COMEDD. “COMEDD is the leading OLED research institute and we have a good relationship with them, including a service center in Dresden,” Kim said.

The center uses a Sunicel 400 plus tool to deposit on 470 mm x 370 mm Gen 2 glass sheets in a cluster designed for efficient material usage and substrate format and organic stack flexibility. That system targets a cycle time of three minutes, resulting into an annual capacity of approximately 13,000 m². For deposition on 150 mm and 200 mm diameter CMOS wafers COMEDD uses a Sunicel 200, and also encapsulates these devices in glass using tools from Sunic.

Such equipment has since benefited the OLED lighting industry, for example Astron Fiamm in Toulon, France, who Sunic Systems supplied with a gen 2 tool in 2008. “The company has made chandeliers that use OLED lighting, while other

The Korean deposition and encapsulation equipment producer’s ongoing development is bringing a move to Gen 5 glass that will cut lighting costs, explains peter Kim, Senior Manager in its technology and business department.

Sunic System’s Gen 5 deposition tool, shown here, should cut costs thanks to larger glass size, and in-line rather than cluster orientation. (Courtesy of Sunic Systems)

Peter Kim, Senior manager Technology and Business Department, Sunic Systems

“Lighting’s mainstream will be LED until 2015, but after 2015 OLED lighting will increase. So while the main need for display is performance, for lighting it’s cost. That makes efficiency of organic material use a very important factor, as well as cycle and run time,” said peter Kim.

I S S U E N ° 7 m a r c h 2 0 1 3

OLED lighting makers have made basic tiles, but not real products,” Kim said. “astron Fiamm made its own products with excellent design, under the name Blackbody, which has been a historic step for OLED lighting.”

But now that costs are becoming more important, Sunic Systems has to adapt to these altered needs. It is well advanced in commercializing new models in its Sunicel tool line to meet them, Kim explained. “To reduce the price of OLED lighting, the mainstream route is to increase glass generation and change tools from a clustered orientation to a continuous inline, linear type,” he said. “We are already selling our Gen 2 inline OLED system and have developed a Gen 5 system.”

The 1250 mm x 1100 mm Gen 5 glass sheets don’t just offer an almost eightfold larger area than Gen 2. They also bring greater material efficiency, with less polymer material being deposited on areas not containing glass. In Gen 2 devices the area that must be left clear to separate sheets from each other and the sides of the tool limits material efficiency at just 34 per cent. “By comparison, the material efficiency of the Gen 5 linear evaporation

system is over 71 per cent,” Kim said. and while the system remains in development, Kim stresses its performance has been proven during a Korean national project.

and that advance coincides with a leading fellow Korean company showing that the country is just as serious about OLED lighting as it is on displays. “Until 2012, lighting companies in Europe and Japan were leading with their product announcements,”

Kim said. “But last year, a Korean company announced a 60 lm/W, 3,000cd/m2 product that lasted 15,000 hours before decaying to 70 per cent of its initial performance.” But regardless of where the advance happened, Kim underlines that it represents the rapid progress this technology is making. “They have dramatically increased performance and pushed OLED lighting further along its technical roadmap,” he said.

www.sunic.co.kr

Peter Kim, Senior Manager Technology and Business Department, Sunic SystemsPeter Kim has been responsible for marketing and research at Sunic Systems since 2011. Prior to that he worked as an OLED evaluation engineer at Korean OLED producer Neoview Kolon, beginning in 2004. During that time he was a member of the International Electrotechnical commission Korean working group on OLED standardization. Between 1999 and 2002 he served as a professor at Bucheon college, and between 1996 and 1999 he was an LcD driver semiconductor designer at hynix Semiconductor.

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OLED Lighting

“Gen 5 deposition tools will help OLED lighting become competitive with its inorganic cousin

by 2015”, Peter Kim says.(Courtesy of Sunic Systems)

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i L E D14

Y O L E A S K S

UDC broadens oLED lighting focus

yole Développement: What has UDC brought to OLED lighting?

Janice Mahon: We are one of the leading suppliers of materials to the OLED industry. We also have a strong focus on white OLED lighting technology development, including more than a dozen programmes supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE).

mike hack: Our phosphorescent pHOLED technology converts almost 100 per cent of electrical energy into light, compared to fluorescent OLEDs that only convert roughly 25 per cent. Since their invention in the late 1990s, part of our strategy was to develop those phosphorescent OLED materials and make them available to partners who were building up manufacturing infrastructures. We’ve also worked on how to best construct devices to take maximum advantage of phosphorescent materials, to get the best efficiencies, colour, and lifetime. How do you make white light with phosphorescent OLEDs? Do you stack the architecture, do you have single devices, do you put red, green and blue side-by-side and make them colour tuneable? These are questions we’ve been answering.

JM: Even after phosphorescence had been discovered, up to about seven years ago, people really didn’t believe in white OLED lighting. So the early races were to demonstrate luminous efficacy. UDC was always in the lead, announcing records. When we announced a milestone 100 lm/W white OLED lighting device, at least from my perspective, the industry started to say “This technology really has promise”. Companies then began expanding their activities.

YD: What’s OLED lighting’s ultimate potential?

mh: it’s a cliché, but the future’s very bright. Every new technology takes longer, and costs more than you would like to get established. That’s happened in OLED displays, and then Samsung came along, and the story is history. in lighting, it may take time for production volumes to go up and costs to come down, but we’ll cross the threshold and soon start seeing large numbers of OLED available products. OLED lighting and LED lighting will be complementary, but their market shares ten years from now are hard to predict. OLED offers something very unique and different from LED. Though you’re not even seeing flexible formats on the pilot line today, it’s going to lead designers to very different products from what you see today.

YD: What key performance criteria must OLED lighting meet?

mh: Efficiency needs to be in the 60-80 lm/W range at a panel level. Lifetime depends on application, from 5,000-10,000 hours up, and eventually if you could get 25,000-50,000 hours that would be great. Then there’s colour, brightness, and the biggest factor today is probably cost. OLED lighting is still being produced in pilot lines, and is probably a factor of five from the costs where it starts gaining much wider commercial traction.

yD: What else can UDC contribute to oLED lighting beyond PhoLED materials?

mh: We’d like an out-coupling layer that can be added to the device that’s very low cost, thin and effective. That’s currently being developed under a DOE SBiR grant.

JM: Without out-coupling, only around 25 per cent of the light gets out of the glass. good out-coupling can double that, and may even reach 65 per cent. Today there are excellent out-coupling components, but they’re either very expensive or very big. There have been some low cost, thin out-coupling components, but they don’t really achieve target performance. So we’re trying to get all of the performance metrics into one system.

mh: Also, as you may know, OLEDs degrade in the presence of oxygen or moisture and need to be extremely well hermetically sealed. When you start talking about putting OLEDs on plastic, then the barrier film encapsulation layers are much more of a challenge. That’s another technology we’re working on now, using fairly standard pEVCD manufacturing equipment with materials that aren’t harmful and are low cost.

yD: how can you help reduce manufacturing costs?

JM: We’ve been working with a number of companies in this area. For example, [Indian CD and technology manufacturer] Moser Baer is developing a manufacturing strategy and specific equipment designs that could help reduce overall costs. We also work with customers and partners to improve material utilisation in their equipment. in a standard vacuum thermal evaporation system, material utilisation is maybe 5-20 per cent, meaning 80 per cent or more is wasted. For this to be a successful industry, that has to get

Ewing, New Jersey’s Universal Display Corporation (UDC) has even more to offer OLED lighting than PHOLED materials, explain Mike Hack, Senior Vice President and general Manager, OLED lighting and custom displays and Janice Mahon, Vice-president of Technology Commercialization.

Janice K. mahon, Vice President of Technology Commercialization and General manager of material Supply Business, Universal Display Corporation

michael Hack, Vice-President and General manager of OLED Lighting and Custom Displays, Universal Display Corporation

I S S U E N ° 5 S E p T E M B E R 2 0 1 2

better. Working on it does not necessarily deliver results for UDC in the short-term, but it will in the long-term because it will mean market growth.

yD: What’s the most exciting current aspect of oLED lighting?

JM: The breadth of companies active in this field, which you see at trade shows. The steady commitment of all these companies to developing and showing new product concepts, i think has continued to show the importance of this new sector’s potential.

www.universaldisplay.com

Janice k. Mahon, Vice President of Technology Commercialization and General manager of material Supply Business, Universal Display CorporationPrior to joining Universal Display in 1997, Janice Mahon served as Vice President of SAgE Electrochromics, inc., where she oversaw a variety of business development and marketing programs and managed finance and administration activities. From 1984 to 1989, she served as a Vice president and general Manager for Chronar Corporation, a leading developer and manufacturer of amorphous silicon photovoltaic (pV) panels. prior to that, Mahon served as Senior Engineer for the industrial Chemicals Division of FMC Corporation, where she developed and implemented novel process technologies. Janice Mahon received her B. S. in Chemical Engineering from Rensselaer polytechnic institute and an M. B. A. from Harvard University.

michael hack, Vice-President and General manager of oLED Lighting and Custom Displays, Universal Display CorporationMichael Hack is responsible for developing and commercializing advanced high efficiency next generation OLED products, with a special focus on flexible display applications and solid-state lighting. prior to joining UDC in 1999, he was associated with dpiX, a Xerox Company, where he was responsible for manufacturing flat panel displays and digital medical imaging products based on amorphous silicon TFT technology. Hack received his ph. D. degree from Cambridge University, England in 1981 and in 2007 he was elected a Fellow of the Society for Information Display.

i L E D

UDC has led the field with research into white OLED efficacy.(Courtesy of Universal Display Corporation)

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OLED lighting sparks innovation frenzy

Since 2009, there has been more than $500 million invested in companies in the OLED supply chain, according to Yole Développement research. When the overall OLED market was worth just $500 million in 2009, how did the industry attract so much money? As anyone with a recent Samsung Galaxy phone will know, part of the reason is their use in displays. Displays have helped drive OLED revenues to around $3 billion in 2011 and nearly $6 billion in 2012. So far lighting, the other potential major application for OLEDs, has been only a small part of that figure. Could the massive potential illumination market ultimately help give the companies betting on OLED the return they’re looking for?

inorganic LEDs’ offer to improve how we light our world is currently getting most attention, raising questions about how OLEDs can fit into the lighting market. “it’s another future of lighting that’s still maturing,” explains Yole Développement market analyst pars Mukish. “Most people think that OLED will directly compete with LED technology.” But that would mean overcoming what is currently a big performance and cost gap. “Today, LED lighting luminous efficacy is around 110 lm/W, while commercial OLED products are 60 lm/W maximum,” Mukish said. “LED technology costs nearly $5/klm, and OLED is about $350/klm.”

That means that OLED technology must currently target applications that exploit its unique form factor advantages, like its planar shape and lack of glare. “Standard LEDs and the other lamp sources need a shade to cover glare, bringing optical losses,” said Mukish’s fellow Yole analyst Milan Rosina. “By contrast OLED sources could be considered as a luminaire without needing a shade. Moreover, OLEDs could use a large variety of different material combinations and structures. Efficacy could be very high, but in reality it’s difficult to find the right combination.”

And even today, if greater efficacy is especially important, OLED producers can boost it by raising driving current, at the expense of a shorter device lifetime. Alternatively they can raise luminosity by stacking OLED structures in series, Rosina explained. “Two different structures stacked together during the deposition process will produce almost twice as much light at the same current,” he said. “Or they could produce the same luminosity at lower current, increasing reliability and lifetime.”

But despite OLEDs’ potential, if they are seen as a direct rival to LEDs in the lighting market, performance and cost differences mean that they will lose out for the foreseeable future. Consequently, the Yole analysts emphasise the need for the two

Technological developments from the sector could be even more valuable than the revenues it earns, suggest Yole Développement’s pars Mukish and Milan Rosina.

M A R C H 2 0 1 3 I S S U E N ° 7

16 i L E D

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milan rosina,Technology & market Analyst, Photovoltaics, Yole Développement

OLED panel revenue forecast for lighting applications (Source: OLED for Lighting report, November 2012, Yole Développement)

Pars mukish,Technology & market Analyst, LED, Yole Développement

19i L E D

solid-state lighting technologies to exist in parallel, as OLED progress continues. “it’s not about whether OLEDs will compete or will be better than LEDs,” Rosina said. “if OLEDs reach the same level, it would be a big achievement.”

The size of that achievement becomes clearer when you consider differences between the technologies beyond cost and efficacy. “Commercial LED products have 20-25 years guaranteed lifetime, while OLEDs, are 5-10 years with today’s technology,” Rosina said. “Also, the colour can change because some materials degrade faster than others, which would not be acceptable in some industrial or automotive applications.”

Barrier limitations

OLEDs degrade because their organic material layers are sensitive to oxygen and moisture. “The OLED must be carefully encapsulated or protected by a permeation barrier,” Rosina said. That poses a severe

challenge for one widely-discussed potential OLED advantage – flexibility – the analyst added. “It is hard to make a cost-efficient permeation barrier, which is also transparent, robust enough and resistant to the relatively high temperatures used during manufacturing, and yet flexible at the same time,” he explained. “Today 100 per cent of commercial lighting OLEDs use glass as a substrate for the thin

film layers and put a glass plate on as mechanical protection and a water and oxygen barrier.” But even these devices can degrade at raised temperatures, causing problems in accelerated stress tests run at 85°C and over in the automotive industry.

Meanwhile, OLED producers must also adopt strategies to overcome commercial as well as technical challenges to adoption in lighting, Mukish added. “it’s much harder for manufacturers from a traditional lighting background to make luminaires at a professional level with OLED technology,” he said. “That will make it difficult to penetrate the lighting market, as today OLED panel and traditional luminaire manufacturers are separate. The main solution is for OLED panel manufacturers to make their own luminaires. it will be a technology push, rather than a market pull, strategy.”

And yet another challenge will be to reduce the contribution to OLED expense that comes from how they are currently produced. “We have broken down

the cost of today’s commercial LED panels, and found three main problems,” Mukish said. “First, OLEDs have very low manufacturing yield. Manufacturers do not have enough control, skills or experience for a high yield process. Second, the cost to build an OLED production line is large. For example, Osram has already invested €20 million in its pilot line in Regensburg, germany. Third is material cost.”

While transparent OLEDs are still in the research phase, such novel properties are needed for the devices to make their mark on the lighting market. (Courtesy of Philips)

I S S U E N ° 7 M A R C H 2 0 1 3

“It’s much harder for manufacturers from a traditional lighting background to make luminaires at a professional level with oLED technology,” pars Mukish said.

M A R C H 2 0 1 3 I S S U E N ° 7

i L E D18

“The cost of the material is related to

the manufacturing, as well as the

material inside the light panel,” he

said. “A large part of the material that

enters production is deposited on the

reactor walls or just not deposited,”

Milan Rosina noted.

OLED structures and materials used(Source: OLED for Lighting report, November 2012, Yole Développement)

Emitter Organic

Materials

Phosphorescent

Fluorescent

For Dry Deposition

For Wet Deposition

Small-Molecules

Polymers

Rigid Glass

Ultra-thin Flexible GlassSubstrate

Glass

Metal Foil

Plastic Foil

OLEDStructure

Bottom-emitting OLED

Top-emitting OLED

Transparent OLED

Mainstream

Alternative

Large variety of OLED structures and materials used provides a huge opportunity for many players involved

in specialty chemistry, equipment and material research.

“The high production line cost is because this is an emerging market and there is no standard equipment,” adds Rosina. “Every pilot line needs several months of development, and so equipment makers have to pay for this.” And while OLED manufacturers claim that using extremely thin layers offsets the high cost the complex molecules they use, the analyst says this is “only half true”. “The cost of the material is related to the manufacturing, as well as the material inside the light panel,” he said. “A large part of the material that enters production is deposited on the reactor walls or just not deposited.”

Shadowy motives

Yet manufacturing also presents opportunities for improvement. Yole Développement predicts that over the next two years OLED cost will fall to a third of their current level. That will be thanks mainly to the use of higher generation, and therefore larger, mother glass substrates that enter the deposition reactor. Today, manufacturers most commonly use 47 cm x 37 cm Gen 2 mother glass sheets, which can yield several standard 10 cm x 10 cm OLED lighting panels. Future scaling to larger sizes will happen both on mother glass and final OLED panel, bringing even more challenges, Rosina underlined.

“A 10 cm x 10 cm panel is not enough to illuminate a room by itself – that could need ten panels or more,” he said. “Each panel brings with it extra costs, like cutting and the connections needed. if it could be

just one larger panel, those manufacturing costs would naturally be reduced. Then you would have the problem of how to obtain a uniform light emission over the entire panel surface.” But companies are already working on this issue, he added, with Osram introducing a metallic grid on the electrode for improved emission homogeneity, for example.

Yole Développement predicts that such challenges will prevent OLEDs seizing more than a minor share of the lighting market, focussed mainly on general illumination and automotive use. “in general lighting, the first segment that will integrate OLED technology will be speciality lighting, and then high-end office and commercial,” Mukish forecast. “We will also see high-end residential luminaires in the mid-term. The penetration rate will be nearly 1.5 per cent by 2020. That will be worth $1.7 billion, of which 80 per cent will be general illumination.”

That sum will support a comparatively limited number of OLED lighting producers. And if that leads to a battle of the strongest, the remaining companies might be identified by the countries where they are located. “For OLED it’s all about the development of new materials,” Rosina said. “So looking at countries or regions that are very strong in chemistry could give a first indication where the stronger players could be born. The second one would be that the driving market for organic OLEDs is actually displays, and there is big activity on that in Asian countries, specifically Korea. Today, Samsung and LG are the

Pars Mukish holds a master's degree in Materials Science & polymers (iTECH - France) and a master's degree in innovation & Technology Management (EM Lyon – France). He works at Yole Développement as Market and Technology Analyst in the fields of LED, Lighting Technologies and Compound Semiconductors to carry out technical, economic and marketing analysis. previously, he has worked as Marketing Analyst and Techno-Economic Analystfor several years at the CEA (French Research Center).

Dr Milan Rosina holds a phD degree from the National polytechnical institute in grenoble, France. After a three-year postdoc at Fraunhofer institute, germany, he worked at the CEA-LETi laboratory, France and at the Research and Innovation Center of GDF SUEZ, France. He has more than 12 years scientific and industrial experience in the field of semiconductors, LEDs, solar cells and nanotechnology and is the co-author of two patents in the field of solar cell processing. He works at Yole Développement as Market & Technology Analyst in the fields of photovoltaics, LEDs, OLEDs and nanotechnology.

I S S U E N ° 6 D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 2

big OLED display producers, and Korea also has strong chemistry. germany has also a very strong background in chemistry and is already a big country for emerging players in OLED.”

With such a future in prospect, it might be surprising that so many companies are getting involved in OLED lighting. “it’s not only about how many players are manufacturing panels, it’s also about how many players are involved in the whole value chain,” Rosina said. “There are equipment makers, suppliers of fluorescent and phosphorescent emitting materials, polymer material developers, manufacturers of glass, of plastics or metallic foils for flexible substrates. Several companies are developing new OLED structures, plastics or special technology solutions for encapsulation and permeation barriers, or for new kinds of electrodes.”

But when historians of technology look back and evaluate OLED lighting’s contribution, they might find that it reaches beyond its market share, Rosina suggested. “Today, the many players that push this technology say, ‘we are developing new material for OLED lighting to make the world better’. But not necessarily all of them are absolutely convinced that the OLED lighting market will be great. They could be diversifying risk or they could use the investment in development for different applications. They could use the output of their research for organic electronics or organic solar cells. good water permeation barriers or flexible ultra-thin glass could be used in many applications.”

www.yole.fr

Installations like this OBrANCH chandelier by “dsignedby” (Irena Kilibarda), that uses transparent OLEDs made by Fraunhofer COmEDD

help the technology demonstrate its capabilities. (Courtesy of Fraunhofer COmEDD)

i L E D

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20 i L E D

Editorial StaffBoard Members: Jean-Christophe Eloy – Media Activity, Editor in chief: Dr Eric Mounier – Editor in chief: Dr philippe Roussel - Editors: Dr philippe Roussel, pars Mukish, Milan Rosina, Eric Virey, Andy Extance – Media & Communication Manager: Sandrine Leroy - Media & Communication Coordinator: Clotilde Fabre - production: atelier JBBOX

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