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12/06/2012
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Matt Markve MA CRC
TACE Region 8
December 10, 2012
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Why does this topic matter? Ubiquitous – ever growing force in society
Growing use/implementation in variety of VR settings
Consumer use
Employer use
Personal implications
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Session Overview Risks and benefits inherent in social media use
Informed consent and professional disclosure issues surrounding use of Internet technologies
Boundary/therapeutic relationship issues to consider when engaging in social media use
CRCC updates since the last code release
Relevant enforceable standards from the Code
The personal/professional continuum of social media use
Talking to consumers about electronic communication restrictions
Taking control of your information
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Aspirational Principles Main three involved
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Autonomy
CRCC does not strictly prohibit use
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CRCC (2011) Webinar FAQ/Advisory Opinion Update Q: What is CRCC’s opinion regarding the use of social media (Twitter, Facebook, etc.) in the counseling relationship?
Advisory opinions and webinar FAQ updates can be found here:
http://www.crccertification.com/pages/advisory_opinions/129.php
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CRCC (2011) FAQ/Update Emerging issue requiring additional exploration and monitoring
Policy development
Know how the various sites operate
Disclosure and informed consent
Difference between ‘counseling’ and ‘communicating’
Proper encryption
Site controls and maintenance of professional boundaries
(A.3.a, A.3.b, A.5.d, Section J)
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Four themes to consider Benefits must outweigh risks
Foreseeable risks must be anticipated
Initial and ongoing professional disclosure crucial
Consumer consent
Blurring of boundaries and impact on the therapeutic relationship
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Benefits of Social Media Over 1,000,000,000 users can’t be wrong
Networking vital aspect of job placement
Expanded employment network
Heightened importance and risk in rural environments
Single ongoing point of contact
‘Cold case’ tracking/caseload attrition
Social profiles as professional resume
Risks and considerations follow for remainder of presentation
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What benefits do you see from social media use? Personally?
Professionally?
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Knowledge of site J.1.a.: Application and competence
Facebook example Privacy controls
History of unintended disclosure of private communication
Privacy policy Facebook’s privacy policy: 5,830 words
50 privacy buttons with 170 options
45,000 word privacy ‘FAQ’
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/13/technology/personaltech/13basics.html
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Trend Data: American Adults Search for info about someone you know or might meet: 69%
Visit a local, state or federal government website: 67%
Use a social networking site like Facebook, LinkedIn or Google Plus: 66%
Look online for info about a job: 56%
Rate a product, service or person using an online rating system: 37%
Post a comment or review online about a product you bought or a service you received: 32% *Pew Internet & American Life Project (2012)
http://pewinternet.org/Trend‐Data‐(Adults)/Online‐Activites‐Total.aspx
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Awareness of online presence Aware of your own online presence
Test what others can see
Importance of consumers monitoring their own online presence
Loss of control: ‘Friends’ sharing your information
Solicit ‘expert’ help
Blending of professional and personal
Loss of control of traditional disclosure
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Discuss with Consumers How Internet impacts job search
How Internet activities can impact employment
Monitoring and implications of online ‘footprint’
Web page archiving
Unintended disclosure
*Jekyll and Hyde strategy
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Current State of Professional Use in State Agencies VR State Agency: Variance in implementation and policy
Job posting, listing
Community outreach
Consumer networking
Consumer monitoring (individual counselors)
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Dialogue: Is it ethical to ‘google’ consumers?
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Considerations: Duffy (2012) Is it ethical to conduct an online search on a client without the client’s knowledge?
Without the client’s informed consent?
If counselor’s Google their clients with neither the client’s knowledge or consent, must they inform the clients after they have Googled them?
If counselors find clinically significant info on their clients via online searches, do they have to tell clients what they have discovered?
How do you document online searches of clients? Are the results part of the client’s file?
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CRCC (2011) GuidanceQ: How should RC address information gained about a client that was obtained in a nonprofessional setting that would be important to the counseling process but the client has purposely not brought to the attention of the RC? Would it be unethical to bring up the information in a later session, given that the info was obtained outside of the formal counseling environment?
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CRCC (2011) Response: A.3.a: Professional disclosure
Info obtained outside counseling should be discussed with client next session
Address limits of confidentiality in the initial professional disclosure process
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Applicant Screening “Employer practices might constitute another form of pre‐employment testing, one in which job applicants do not even know they are being screened and rehabilitation counselors should be aware of how these practices could be used to discriminate against people with disabilities” (Lehmann, 2009).
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Employer/Personal Profile Snooping Employer screening
Cases of employers demanding access to prospective hires passwords
(ACLU)
State of Maryland now illegal
Practice is still occurring
Consumers may feel pressured to comply in job environment
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Dialogue: Is it ethical to have a client as a Facebook ‘friend’?
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‘Friend’ Requests “Many – if not most‐ psychotherapists and counselors cringe at the idea and dread the moment when a client presents a Facebook Friend Request. They wonder whether it is ethical to accept such a request, and they are concerned with the clinical and relational ramifications of ignoring it” (Zur, 2011).
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Personal and Professional Roles
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Implications of Responses? Block and ignore
Ignore with no follow‐up
Deny with explanation
Accept with explanation
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Personal or Professional Client perception of the action
Disclosure
Type of account: Continuum of risk
Personal
Professional
Organizational
Monitoring
Control over postings/monitoring private correspondence
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Professional Twitter Account
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Internet Boundaries J.12.c.: Boundaries
RCs discuss and establish boundaries with clients, family members, service providers, and/or team members regarding the appropriate use and/or application of technology and the limits of its use within the counseling relationship
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Dialogue: So…How do you set appropriate boundaries with consumers regarding social media/electronic communication?
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Boundaries in electronic communication Personal phone/texting
Personal email
Facebook/other social media
Running into someone in public (confidentiality)
Public published phone number (boundaries)
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Models of communication J.3.a: Transmitting confidential information
Minimal Information (next two slides stolen from Montana presentation)
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Hi Jim Smith! You forgot your Voc Rehab appointment. I wanted to talk with you about your medication. Call me at 555-1212.
Barb Schiedermayer
Example of BAD communication
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Hi Jim! Did you forget your appointment? Please call to reschedule. Look forward to seeing you.
Barb S
Example of GOOD Communication
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Professional Technology Considerations
Section J in entirety
J.1.b. update from CRCC:
Q: Define “behavioral differences with the use of the internet”?
A: When engaged in distance counseling:
Visual cues and voice intonations not present in face‐to‐face
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Professional Considerations CRCC (2011): J.6.a: Records Management
Q: If a client requests a copy of their records, are electronic notes also a part of the client record?
A: Rehabilitation Counselors must be aware that electronic messages are a part of the client record
Do you make these notes a part of the official electronic record?
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How to respond? (Nicholson, 2009) Utilize highest privacy settings
Proactive information control – information on professional website
May not be perceived as boundary issue to consumer
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Questions for Consideration (Zur, 2011) What is on the profile? Is the profile professional or personal? Privacy controls? Context/nature of therapeutic relationship Who is the client? Client motivation for request Effect on other clients Confidentiality, privacy and legal considerations Does accepting constitute a multiple relationship? How will the response impact the therapeutic relationship
Adapted from (Zur, 2011)
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Personal considerations Maintain confidentiality, watch what you post about work (or what you post)
Assume that anything posted could become visible regardless of ‘privacy controls’ (illusion)
Assume permanence of information once you submit
Self‐monitoring
Thoughtful consideration prior to posting
Thoughtful consideration prior to reacting
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Bernie’s Traffic Light Zones
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Green Zone Class Mates
Family & Relatives you like
Co‐Workers
Business Associates
Neighbors you trust & like
Originations you are Involved with
Fan Clubs
Other Interest Areas:
https://www.facebook.com/#!/pages/South‐Dakota‐Coalition‐of‐Citizens‐with‐Disabilities‐Coalition/183208825109091
Yellow Zone Supervisors
Past Consumers now co‐workers
Co‐workers and Family you don’t get along with
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Red Zone Current Consumers
Ex friends
Bernie’s list of things to Avoid Posting pictures of new boyfriend while going through divorce (Facebook and cell phone logs are an attorney’s best friends)
Where you work if your wages may get garnished Telling the world you are going on vacationMaking inappropriate racial, gender comments Talking about work Playing games on work time and being friends with your supervisor
Giving your ex your password
‘Friending’ Co‐workers How do you feel about ‘friending’ co‐workers? Are there any potential ethical issues you can anticipate?
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Co‐worker relationships and social media H.3.a: Relationship boundaries with supervisees or trainees
H.3.h.: Potentially beneficial relationships
Resolution of work disputes:
D.5.a.: Disparaging remarks
E.1.b.: Questionable conditions
E.1.c: Employer policies
L.1.f: Organization conflicts
L.3.a: Informal Resolutions
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‘Friending’ co‐workers Bank intern (Lehmann, 2009)
NLRB non profit social services ruling (2011)
Protected activities
Working conditions
Disparaging (vs. Wright line)
‘Nonworking time’
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Non‐protected online speech Critical of workplace tweet
Did not try to resolve with coworkers
Did not relate to terms and conditions of employment
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Another example Employee comments on facebook about ‘mentally disabled clients’
On the clock
Had former client as ‘friend’
Conversing on wall with two other ‘friends’ about clients on the job
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How supervisors have been alerted: Open profiles
Closed profiles:
Co‐workers or former clients as friends
Phone calls
Print outs (at times from multiple individuals)
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Further considerations of use J.3: Confidentiality, Informed Consent and Security
J.3.c.: Security
Encryption
Strong passwords
J.3.d.: Imposters
Plan for containment
J.10: RC Unavailability
State policy
J.7.b: Laws and statutes
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CRCC Social Media Policy (2012) Available online: http://www.crccertification.com/pages/social_media_policy/254.php
Policy for CRC’s interacting with CRCC related media platforms
Good guidelines to follow regardless of where you are posting
Reminded to check back regularly to ensure you are current with their policy
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CRCC Social Media Policy (2012) Required to follow terms and conditions of sites you use
Forbids defamation, harassment, discrimination and law violations
Be:
Honest
Transparent
Truthful
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CRCC Social Media Policy (2012) Be respectful of fellow professionals
Share with caution
Obey the law
Add value
Fix mistakes
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Further Reading Facebook Privacy: A Bewildering Tangle of Options –Visual Representation of Privacy Settings http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/05/12/business/facebook‐privacy.html?ref=personaltech
Martin (2010) The Internet’s ethical challenges http://www.apa.org/monitor/2010/07‐08/internet.aspx
CRCC Code of Professional Ethics:
Section A: The Counseling Relationship: A.3.a, A.3.b, A.5.d.
Section J: Technology and Distance Counseling: J.1.a, J.1.b, J.1.c, J.2.a, J.3.a, J.3.b, J.3.c, J.3.d, J.6.a, J.10.a, J.10.b, J.10.c, J.12.a, J.12.b.
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