Does the Birth Control Pill Cause Abortions?

8/3/2019 Does the Birth Control Pill Cause Abortions?

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}hdkh }doo ool} uhbi ul cb froot dgflsibe clru uhb doo'’

]doodì F' Kloodulg/ Js'/ I'E'/ Kodgdkò ^slfb{{ls lf Lc{ubusdk{

`ge Mtgbklolmt/ Mblsmb ]`{hdgmulg Rgdvbs{dut Ibedkò Kbgubs

‟Dg uhd{ di~bkk`cot sb{b`skhbe clla/ S`get @oklsg uàb{ g rgcodgadgm

olla u }hù ibedkò bx~bsu{ agl} clru hl} cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ }lsa' D

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lvbs dgflsiùdlg }doo h`vb ~slflrge klg{bprbgkb{ fls udib ge bubsgdut'

Uhd{ d{ ` ed{urscdgm ir{u)sbè fls òo }hl ~slfb{{ ul cb ~slodfb'’

Cbvbsot @' IkIdoo`g/ I'E'/ Lc,Mtg

‟Elb{ uhb cdsuh klguslo ~doo k`r{b clsudlg{< R{dgm sb{b`skh sb{rou{ fsli

uhb ibedkò odubsùrsb/ S`get @oklsg h`{ klgvdgkdgmot {hl}g uhb g{}bsd{ ‘tb{'— Hb h`{/ }duh k`sb `ge kli~`{{dlg/ mdvbg r{ uhb usruh' Uhb

prb{udlg fls r{ { Khsd{ud`g{ d{ hl} }b }doo sb{~lge gl} uhù }b agl}'’

Odge` I`sudg/ I'E'/ ^bedùsdkd`g

‟Ct k`sbfroot ebu`dodgm uhb v`do`cob ibedkò dgflsiùdlg klgkbsgdgm uhb

`clsudf`kdbgu bffbku{ lf lsò klgus`kb~udvb{/ S`get @oklsg h`{ ebvbol~be

` olmdkò `ge uhlrmhufro khòobgmb ul bvbst ~slodfb ~bs{lg' Uhb klgkor)

{dlg{ lf uhd{ {uret sb {kdbgudfdkòot kkrsùb' Cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ r{ròot

~sbvbgu ~sbmg`gkt/ cru {libudib{ uhbt k`r{b `g `clsudlg' Prb{udlg{<

Lcjbkudlg{< S`get h`{ eesb{{be uhbi dg mbguob cru fdsi }`t' Uhd{ d{

uhb i`ggbs dg }hdkh uhb lfubg fdbst ebcùb lvbs ~slodfb {rcjbku{ {hlroe cb

k`ssdbe lru― rgbiludlgòot/ dguboodmbguot `ge prdbuot' Uhb bvdebgkb d{

cbflsb r{…‘Hl} {hlroe }b uhbg odvb<—’

^ùsdka E' ]òabs/ I'E'/ ^slfb{{ls lf ^ùhlolmt/ Rgdvbs{dut lf

@sa`g{`{ fls Ibedkò [kdbgkb{

‟Dg uhd{ khòobgmdgm clla S`get @oklsg h`{ uhb hlgb{ut ul f`kb ulrmh

`ge rgkliflsu`cob prb{udlg' Uhd{ kli~boodgm bvdebgkb }doo iàb tlr

sbuhdga uhb prb{udlg lf cdsuh klguslo ~doo{'’

Jlhg Csl{b/ I'E'/ [rsmblg



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‟Fsli ibedkò ubxuclla{ ge ~h`si`kt sbfbsbgkb{/ ul {uùbibgu{ fsli

uhb doo)i`grf`kursbs{ uhbi{bovb{/ uhd{ clla ~slvb{/ cbtlge gt elrcu/

uhb `clsudlg)k`r{dgm `kudlg lf cdsuh klguslo ~doo{' Uhd{ clla {hlroe cb

sbè ct bvbstlgb dgubsb{ube dg agl}dgm uhb usruh'’

^`ro H`tb{/ I'E'/ Fbool}/ @ibsdk`g Kloobmb Lc{ubusdkd`g{,Mtgbklolmd{u{

‟S`get @oklsg h`{ elgb bxkb~udlgò }lsa' Uhb f`ku{ dg uhd{ clla ~`sò)

obo irkh lf it l}g sb{b`skh' D i ebodmhube hb }lroe rgebsuàb {rkh

}lsa }hbg luhbs{ {bba ul `vlde uhb {rcjbku' Uhd{ clla d{ ` ir{u fls

Khsd{ud`g{/ ~`sudkro`sot uhl{b dg ibedkdgb ge Khsd{ud`g idgd{usdb{'’

A`sbg E' M`sgbuu/ S'G'

‟Gl ~slodfb ~ht{dkd`g k`g sdmhuot ~sb{ksdcb CK^{ `fubs sbvdb}dgm uhd{eù`' D h`vb {u`sube kdskroùdgm uhd{ dgflsiùdlg'’

S`geòo I`sudg/ I'E'/ Kh`dsi`g/ Eb~`suibgu lf @gb{uhb{dlolmt/

Kloricd` ]dooìbuub Vòobt Ibedkò Kbgubs

‟[kdbgudfdk ~`~bs{ {rmmb{u uhù b{k`~b lvroùdlg lkkrs{ 5)02" lf òo

ktkob{ dg ~ùdbgu{ uàdgm cdsuh klguslo ~doo{' Uhr{/ `{ uhd{ cllaobu ~ldgu{

lru/ b`sot khbidkò clsudlg{ sb sbò ge {dmgdfdk`gu klgkbsg'’

^èet Jdi C`mmlu/ I'E'/ Lc,Mtg/Fbool} lf uhb @ibsdk`g Kloobmb lf Ibedkò Mbgbudk{

‟S`get @oklsg h`{ uhlslrmhot {uredbe `ge }sduubg lg `g `sb` }hbsb

oduuob ~rcod{hbe {kdbgudfdk dgflsiùdlg bxd{u{' Hd{ sb{~lg{b{ ul uhd{ d{{rb/

`ge hd{ lru{u`gedgm ~~bgedkb{/ sb ir{u sbèdgm'’

]doodì I' ^buut/ I'E'/ [rsmblg/ Mtgbklolmdk Lgklolmt

‟S`get @oklsg h`{ lgkb m`dg ebilg{usùbe hd{ ubg`kdut ge dgubmsdut dg

~rs{rdgm uhb usruh' Hb h`{ bx~l{be uhb `clsudf`kdbgu ~sl~bsudb{ lf {l)

kòobe cdsuh klguslo `mbgu{' Uhd{ cllaobu {hlroe cb sbprdsbe sbèdgm fls

òo ed{kbsgdgm Khsd{ud`g{ }hl }d{h ul froot odvb lru uhbds f`duh'’

]doodì O' Ulffobs/ I'E'/ ^slfb{{ls lf Fìdot Ibedkdgb/

Lsbmlg Hbòuh [kdbgkb{ Rgdvbs{dut

‟[libhl} uhb klgkbsg{ clru uhb clsudf`kdbgu bffbku{ lf uhb ~doo geluhbs hlsilgò klgus`kb~udvb{ gbvbs sbòot cluhbsbe ib' D i i`zbe

gl} uhù D klroe h`vb dmglsbe uhd{ d{{rb dg uhb ~`{u' D—vb gl} ed{klg)

udgrbe ~sb{ksdcdgm hlsilgò klgus`kb~udlg'’

[ub~hbg A' Ulèvdgb/ I'E'/ Sr{h)Kl~obt Fìdot ^s`kudkb/ @rsls`/ DO



5

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]libg Rgebs [usb{{ (}duh G`gkd @oklsg1 Irougli`h/

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2

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@clsudlg{<

Dguslerkudlg 0>

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Uhb ^ht{dkd`g—{ Eb{a Sbfbsbgkb (ÊS$ 06

Ibedkò Jlrsgò{ `ge Ubxuclla{ 08

]hù Elb{ @oo Uhd{ Ib`g< 30

Sb{b`skh Fdgedgm{ C`ka ul uhb 04=>—{ 33

^sl`clsudlgd{u{ Agl}: ]ht Elg—u ]b< 3;

Uhb ^doo—{ F`dorsb ul ^sbvbgu Lvroùdlg 35

]hù el ^doo I`grf`kursbs{ [`t< 36

[b`sob 36

Lsm`glg 38

]tbuh)@tbs{u 34

Lsuhl)IkGbdo ;>



6

Uhb ^doo—{ Uhdse Ibkh`gd{i: Sbò ls Glu< ;3

^doo I`grf`kursbs Bi~oltbb{ [~bà R~ ;;

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Glu Lgb cru Fdvb Bobibgu{ lf Sd{a ;=

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Bvdebgkb ul uhb Klgus`st< 50

@g Dgubsvdb} }duh ^ht{dkd`g{ 50

Obuubs{ fsli ^slodfb ^ht{dkd`g{ 5;

Obuubs{ fsli ` Khsd{ud`g Lsm`gdzùdlg 5;

@sudkob dg ` Khsd{ud`g I`m`zdgb 52

[~bbkh ct ` ^slodfb ^ht{dkd`g 56

Kodgdkò Bx~bsdbgkb 56

[uret lg Gls~o`gu—{ Eì`mb ul Lv` 5=

[uùbibgu ct 3> slodfb LC)MTG

[~bkdòd{u{ }hl `sb ~sl)^doo 58

[uùbibgu ct 36 slodfb LC)MTG [~bkdòd{u{

}hl cbodbvb uhb ^doo k`r{b{ `clsudlg{ 23

Hl} Lfubg Elb{ uhb ^doo K`r{b

@clsudlg{< 2;

]ht Du—{ [l Edffdkrou ul Agl} fls [rsb 2;



=

Ebubsidgdgm Csbàuhslrmh Lvroùdlg Sùb{ 2;

]hbg uhb fds{u ibkh`gd{i f`do{/ hl} lfubg elb{

uhb {bklge }lsa< 25

]hbg uhb {bklge ibkh`gd{i f`do{/ hl} lfubgelb{ uhb uhdse }lsa< 22

Sb{~lgedgm ul uhb Bvdebgkb: Prb{udlg{ &

Lcjbkudlg{ 28

‟Df uhd{ d{ usrb/ }ht h`vbg—u }b cbbg uloe<’ 28

‟D elg—u usr{u uhd{ bvdebgkb'’ 63

‟Df }b elg—u agl} hl} lfubg `clsudlg{ h`~~bg/

}ht {hlroeg—u }b uàb uhb ^doo<’ 6;

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‟Uàdgm uhb doo ib`g{ fb}bs khdoesbg edb dg

{~lgu`gblr{ `clsudlg{'’ 66

‟]duhlru uhb doo uhbsb }lroe cb ilsb bobkudvb

`clsudlg{'’ 66‟^doo)uàbs{ elg—u dgubge ul h`vb `clsudlg{'’ 6=

‟]ht glu jr{u r{b hdmh b{uslmbg ~doo{<’ 68

‟Tlr k`g—u `vlde bvbst sd{a'’ 64

‟Hl} k`g }b ~s`kudkb cdsuh klguslo }duhlru uhb

^doo<’ =>

‟D gbvbs agb} uhd{―{hlroe D fbbo mrdout<’ =;

‟]b {hlroeg—u o`t mrdou lg ~bl~ob ct uòadgm

`clru uhd{'’ =2



8

‟]b {hlroeg—u uboo ~bl~ob uhb ^doo i`t k`r{b

`clsudlg{ cbk`r{b uhbt—oo cb hboe

`kklrgu`cob'’ =6

‟]b—vb ~s`tbe `clru du `ge }b fbbo sdmhu `clrur{dgm uhb ^doo'’ =8

‟Uhd{ d{{rb }doo {debus`ka r{ fsli fdmhudgm {rsmd)

kò `clsudlg{'’ =4

‟^slodfbs{ }doo ol{b ksbedcdodut ct l~~l{dgm uhb

^doo'’ 80‟Uhd{ ~ru{ ibedkò ~slfb{{dlgò{ dg vbst

edffdkrou ~l{dudlg'’ 83

Klgkor{dlg 85

Uhb ^slcobi: @ [~dsdurò [uslgmhloe< 85Uhb Usbge: Khbidkò vbs{r{ [rsmdkò

@clsudlg{ 8=

Khbidkò @clsudlg{: Hd{ulst & [ksd~ursb 88

Udib ul [b`skh lrs Hb`su{ `ge ]`t{< 4>

Glub fsli uhb @ruhls 40

@~~bgedkb{ 43

@~~bgedx @: ]hbg Elb{ B`kh Hri`g Odfb

Cbmdg< Uhb @g{}bs lf [ksd~ursb 43

@~~bgedx C: ]hbg Elb{ B`kh Hri`g Odfb

Cbmdg< Uhb @g{}bs lf [kdbgkb 4;



4

@~~bgedx K: @clsudlg: bs{~bkudvb{ lf uhb

B`sot Khrskh Obèbs{ 45

@~~bgedx E: Mle d{ Ksbùls `ge L}gbs lf

@oo bl~ob (`ge uhbsbflsb h`{ {lob sdmhu{lvbs òo$ 46

@~~bgedx B: Mle h`{ Bxkor{dvb sbslmùdvb{

Lvbs Hri`g Odfb `ge Ebùh 46

@~~bgedx F: [hbeedgm Dgglkbgu Colle 4=

@~~bgedx M: Hl} Mle [bb{ Khdoesbg 48

@~~bgedx H: Ebfbgedgm uhb ]bà

& Hbo~ob{{ 48

@eebgeri: Luhbs ‟Klgus`kb~udvb{’ uhù

K`r{b @clsudlg{ 44DRE/ Gls~o`gu/ Eb~l)^slvbs` & SR)586 44

Uhb Idgd)^doo (^slmb{udg)lgot$ 0>>

Glub ul sbèbs{: Uhd{ fdfuh bedudlg klgu`dg{ i`gt gb} eedudlg{

`ge sbvd{dlg{' [~bkdò uh`ga{ ul Kùht Sìbt fls hbs sb{b`skh

`{{d{u`gkb/ Aùht Glsprd{u fls hbs hbo~ dg bedudgm/ ge Clggdb

Hdb{u`ge fls o`tlru ge eb{dmg' Fls ilsb dgflsiùdlg lg uhd{

`ge luhbs d{{rb{/ {bb }}}'b~i'lsm'



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‟Uhb ^doo’ d{ uhb ~l~ro`s ubsi fls ilsb uh`g flsut edffbsbgu kliibs)

kdòot v`do`cob lsò klgus`kb~udvb{' Dg ibedkdgb/ uhbt sb kliilgot sbfbssbeul `{ CK^{ (Cdsuh Klguslo ^doo{$/ LK{ (Lsò Klgus`kb~udvb{$ `ge,ls LK^{

(Lsò Klgus`kb~udvb ^doo{$' Uhbt `sb ò{l kòobe ‟Klicdgùdlg ^doo{/’ cb)

k`r{b uhbt klgu`dg ` klicdgùdlg lf b{uslmbg `ge ~slmb{udg'

@clru flrsubbg idoodlg @ibsdk`g }libg r{b uhb doo b`kh tb`s' @ksl{{

uhb molcb du d{ r{be ct clru {dxut idoodlg' Uhb prb{udlg lf }hbuhbs du k`r{b{

`clsudlg{ h`{ edsbku cb`sdgm lg rguloe idoodlg{ lf Khsd{ud`g{/ i`gt lf uhbi

~slodfb/ }hl r{b `ge sbkliibge du' Fls uhl{b }hl sbklmgdzb Mle d{ uhb

Ksbùls lf b`kh ~bs{lg ge uhb mdvbs ge uàbs lf hri`g odfb/ uhd{ d{ prb{)udlg }duh ~slflrge ilsò di~odkùdlg{' @fubs klidgm ul msd~{ }duh uhb di)

~lsu`gkb lf uhd{ d{{rb/ ge hb`sdgm klgfodkudgm l~dgdlg{ fls uhb o`{u fb} tb`s{/

D ebubsidgbe ul sb{b`skh uhd{ prb{udlg uhlslrmhot ge kliirgdkùb it fdge)

dgm{/ }hbuhbs ls glu D odabe }hù D flrge'

D }`gube/ ge {udoo }`gu/ uhb g{}bs ul uhd{ prb{udlg ul cb ‟Gl'’ D kìb

ul uhd{ d{{rb `{ ` {ab~udk' Uhlrmh D hb`se ~bl~ob hbsb `ge uhbsb iàb `g

lkk`{dlgò ko`di uhù uhb ^doo k`r{be `clsudlg{/ D ob`sgbe olgm `ml glu ul

usr{u bvbstuhdgm {`de ct {dgkbsb Khsd{ud`g{/ }hl sb {libudib{ olgm lg zbò

cru {hlsu lg k`sbfro sb{b`skh' ]hdob D—i kbsu`dgot fòodcob/ D h`vb uàbg ~`dg{

ul cb `{ kbsu`dg `{ ~l{{dcob uhù uhb dgflsiùdlg D ì ~sb{bgudgm hbsb d{

`kkrsùb' D—vb bxìdgbe ibedkò jlrsgò{ `ge luhbs {kdbgudfdkòot)lsdbgube

{lrskb{―bvbstuhdgm fsli ~l~ro`s ibedkò sbfbsbgkb clla{ ul hdmhot ubkh)

gdkò ~slfb{{dlgò ~bsdledkò{' D—vb khbkabe `ge elrcob khbkabe/ {rciduube

uhd{ sb{b`skh ul ~ht{dkd`g{/ `ge `{abe ko`sdftdgm prb{udlg{ lf ~h`si`kd{u{

`ge luhbs bx~bsu{' Fb} lf it kduùdlg{ sb fsli ~slodfb evlkùb{' Il{u sb~ht{dkd`g{/ {kdbgud{u{/ sb{b`skhbs{/ ~doo)i`grf`kursbs{ `ge luhbs {bkro`s

{lrskb{'

D i glu ~ht{dkd`g ls {kdbgud{u/ cru D i g bx~bsdbgkbe sb{b`skhbs'

Df D }bsb klgerkudgm ibedkò sb{b`skh/ lcvdlr{ot uhb f`ku uhù D ì glu `

~ht{dkd`g ls {kdbgud{u }lroe ed{pròdft ib' Cru D h`vb uubi~ube gl ibedkò

sb{b`skh' D h`vb {di~ot hrgube el}g/ sbè/ ge lsm`gdzbe uhb sb{b`skh fdge)

dgm{ lf luhbs{' D h`vb uhbg bvòrùbe uhbds kriroùdvb fdgedgm{ ge eebe it

l}g dg{dmhu{ dg sb`{ }hbsb D i ilsb pròdfdbe/ dgkoredgm cdcodk o {uredb{'Uhb fds{u bedudlg lf uhd{ clla kìb lru dg 044=' ]hdob D hè ul edm ebb~

ul fdge dgflsiùdlg lg uhb {rcjbku c`ka uhbg/ dg uhb ~`{u fb} tb`s{ uhbsb h`{

cbbg g bx~ol{dlg lf sbobv`gu dgprdst dgul du' @kklsedgm ul Es' Jlhg ]doa{/

~h`si`kd{u/ ‟gb} sb{b`skh ~~b`s{ oil{u ilguhot ul dooridgùb frsuhbs `ge

{libudib{ klgfr{b QuhbY bibsmdgm ibedkò ed{kd~odgb {{lkdùbe }duh fbsudod)

zùdlg ge di~o`guùdlg ubkhglolmt'’0



00

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uhbsb d{ gl }`t ul vlde r{dgm ibedkò ubsidglolmt dg uhd{ clla' D h`vb usdbe

ul idgdidzb uhd{ ct r{dgm lgot csdbf prluùdlg{ ge }hbgbvbs ~l{{dcob vlde)

dgm ubkhgdkò ubsi{'

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koreb hdmh {khllo {urebgu{/ tlrgm i`ssdbe klr~ob{ `ge ibedkò o`t ~bl~ob}hl }`gu {di~ob {us`dmhufls}`se `g{}bs{ ebvlde lf ubkhgdkò ubsi{' Du }doo

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uhbs sbè/ sb{~bku gls cbgbfdu fsli ` {di~od{udk `ge {abukht ~sb{bguùdlg lg

{rkh ` {dmgdfdk`gu d{{rb'

[lib sbèbs{ }`gu ge gbbe { irkh elkribguùdlg ge bx~o`gùdlg

`{ ~l{{dcob' Luhbs{ `sb {ùd{fdbe }duh lgb ls u}l bvdebgkb{ fls `gt ko`di' Df

uhb sbèbs fbbo{ ` ~ldgu h`{ cbbg èbprùbot ièb ul hdi/ hb k`g {di~ot

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ebu`dobe vbs{dlg lf uhd{ clla k`g ml ul @~~bgedx B dg uhb gb} bx~`gebe ge

sbvd{be vbs{dlg lf it clla ^slOdfb @g{}bs{ ul ^slKhldkb @smribgu{

(Irougli`h ^rcod{hbs{/ 3>>>$' Es' ]òu O`sdilsb `ge D kl)`ruhlsbe ` edf)

fbsbgu `ge bvbg ilsb `ccsbvdùbe ~sb{bguùdlg uhù `~~b`s{ `{ ` kh`~ubs dg

Uhb Sb~slerkudlg Sbvlorudlg'3 Uhb clla dg tlrs h`ge{ d{ uhb il{u uhls)

lrmh `ge cb{u)elkribgube ~sb{bguùdlg lf it klgkor{dlg{ lg uhd{ {rcjbku

iùubs'Cbflsb mldgm frsuhbs/ obu ib ffdsi usruh uhù d{ flrgeùdlgò ~sbid{b

lf òo D ì `clru ul èesb{{: b`kh hri`g cbdgm d{ ksbùbe ct Mle ù uhb

~ldgu lf klgkb~udlg' Uhd{ d{ uhb kob`s ub`khdgm lf uhb Cdcob ge d{ klgfdsibe

ct uhb {kdbgudfdk bvdebgkb' Df tlr sb glu kli~obubot klgvdgkbe lf uhd{/ ~ob`{b

{ul~ gl} `ge sbè uhb fds{u u}l `~~bgedkb{' Uhbt cluh `g{}bs uhb prb{udlg/

‟]hbg Elb{ Hri`g Odfb Cbmdg<’ @~~bgedx @ mdvb{ uhb `g{}bs lf [ksd~)

ursb `ge `~~bgedx C uhb `g{}bs lf {kdbgkb' Tlr i`t ò{l }d{h ul sbè uhb

luhbs `~~bgedkb{ ul csdgm ` cdcodkò ~bs{~bkudvb ul uhb di~lsu`gkb lf uhbd{{rb ebòu }duh dg uhd{ clla'

Cbk`r{b uhbsb d{ {l irkh ù {uàb/ `ge cbk`r{b uhbsb d{ ` msbù {~dsd)

urò cùuob {rsslrgedgm uhd{ d{{rb/ D {rmmb{u sbèbs{ ~`r{b `ge ~s`t/ `{adgm

Mle ul {hl} tlr hd{ idge ge hd{ hb`su'

Klgkb~udlg d{ uhb ~ldgu u }hdkh uhb u}bgut)uhsbb khslil{lib{ fsli

uhb fbiòb—{ bmm ge uhb u}bgut)uhsbb fsli uhb iòb—{ {~bsi jldg ulmbuhbs ul

flsi ` gb} hri`g odfb/ }duh flsut){dx khslil{lib{ `ge hd{ ls hbs l}g

ed{udgku EG@'

Lfubg uhb gb}ot)klgkbdvbe ~bs{lg d{ sbfbssbe ul `{ ` ‟fbsudodzbe bmm'’

Uhd{ ubsi d{ ebhri`gdzdgm `ge id{obèdgm' Gbduhbs bmm (lvri$ gls {~bsi

òlgb d{ dg `gt {bg{b ` hri`g cbdgm/ cru ibsbot uhb ~slerku lf ` hri`g



03

cbdgm' Hl}bvbs/ u uhb ~ldgu lf fbsudodzùdlg {liblgb cs`ge gb} klib{ dgul

bxd{ubgkb/ {dgmro`sot rgdprb hri`g cbdgm' @{ uhb {~bsi gl olgmbs bxd{u{/

gbduhbs dg b{{bgkb elb{ uhb bmm' Du d{ sb~o`kbe ct gb} ksbùdlg }duh rgdprb

EG@/ s`~deot msl}dgm ge edvdedgm lg du{ l}g' Uhd{ gb} hri`g cbdgm d{ gl

ilsb ` ibsb ‟fbsudodzbe bmm’ uh`g du d{ ` ‟iledfdbe {~bsi'’ Hb d{ ` gb}ot)

ksbùbe ~bs{lg/ }duh uhb bprdvòbgu lf hrgesbe{ lf vlorib{ lf ed{udgku mb)gbudk ~slmsìidgm'

Hd{ulsdkòot/ uhb ubsi{ klgkb~udlg ge fbsudodzùdlg h`vb cbbg vdsuròot

{tglgtilr{/ cluh sbfbssdgm ul uhb vbst cbmdggdgm lf hri`g odfb' @ klgus`)

kb~udvb/ uhbg/ jr{u { du {lrge{/ }`{ {libuhdgm }hdkh ~sbvbgube fbsudodzùdlg

(d'b' klgusèdkube klgkb~u dlg$' Rgflsurgùbot/ dg uhb o`{u fb} ebkèb{ òubs)

gùdvb ib`gdgm{ lf ‟klgkb~udlg’ ge ‟klgus`kb~udlg’ h`vb bibsmbe/ }hdkh

h`vb msbùot klgfr{be uhb d{{rb'

Brmbgb F' Edìlge/ I'E'/ }slub `g bxkboobgu `sudkob dg Flkr{ lg uhbFìdot—{ ^ht{dkd`g i`m`zdgb' Es' Edìlge {uùb{/

^sdls ul 04=6/ ` ‟klgus`kb~udvb’ }`{ rgebs{ulle ul cb `g `mbgu uhù

~sbvbgube uhb rgdlg lf {~bsi `ge lvri' Dg 04=6 uhb @ibsdk`g Kloobmb lf

Lc{ubusdkd`g{ `ge Mtgbklolmd{u{ (@KLM$/ sbòdzdgm uhù uhd{ ebfdgdudlg

edeg—u hbo~ du{ ~lodudkò `mbge`/ `scdus`sdot kh`gmbe uhb ebfdgdudlg'

@ klgus`kb~udvb gl} ib`gu `gtuhdgm uhù ~sbvbgube di~o`guùdlg lf

uhb co`{ulkt{u/ }hdkh lkkrs{ {dx ls {bvbg e`t{ `fubs fbsudodzùdlg' Klgkb~)

udlg/ `{ ebfdgbe ct Elso`ge—{ Door{usùbe Ibedkò Edkudlg`st (3=uh Bed)

udlg$/ cbkìb ‟uhb lg{bu lf ~sbmg`gkt i`sabe ct di~o`guùdlg lf uhb co`{)

ulkt{u'’

Uhb hdeebg `mbge` dg @KLM—{ sbebfdgdudlg lf ‟klgus`kb~udvb’ }`{

ul cors uhb ed{udgkudlg cbu}bbg `mbgu{ ~sbvbgudgm fbsudodzùdlg `ge uhl{b

~sbvbgudgm di~o`guùdlg lf uhb }bba)loe bicstl' [~bkdfdkòot/ clsudf`kdbgu{

{rkh { DRE{/ klicdgùdlg ~doo{/ idgd~doo{/ ~slmb{udg)lgot ~doo{/ dgjbku`cob{{rkh `{ ^slvbs` `ge/ ilsb sbkbguot/ di~o`gu`cob{ {rkh `{ Gls~o`gu/ òo `sb

klgus`kb~udvb{ ct uhd{ ebfdgdudlg';

(Glub uhù Es' Edìlge debgudfdb{ klicdgùdlg ~doo{/ kloobkudvbot agl}g

`{ ‟uhb ^doo/’ `{ `clsudf`kdbgu{' ]hbuhbs ls glu hb d{ klssbku d{ }hù uhd{

clla d{ clru'$

Uhb sbebfdgdudlg lf ‟klgus`kb~udvb’ Es' Edìlge {~bà{ lf h`{ msèr)

òot ksb~u dgul uhb ibedkò odubsùrsb' Cbk`r{b lf uhb kh`gmb/ {lib ibedkò~slfb{{dlgò{ }doo {uùb uhb ^doo d{ lgot ` klgus`kb~udvb/ bvbg df uhbt agl} du

{libudib{ ku{ ul ~sbvbgu di~o`guùdlg' Cru uhb loe ib`gdgm lf klgus`kb~udvb/

uhb lgb ilsb {kdbgudfdkòot `kkrsùb `ge ed{udgku/ d{ ò{l {udoo }debot r{be'

D h`vb dg fslgu lf ib ` sbkbguot)d{{rbe ibuòodk kdskro`s ‟^sbmg`gkt Kò)

kroùls/’ ~slerkbe ct ]tbuh)@tbs{u O`clsùlsdb{/ obèdgm i`grf`kursbs lf



0;

uhb doo' Uhb{b sb slrudgbot r{be ct Lc,Mtg{ ul kòkroùb ~sbmg`gu }li`g—{

erb eùb' Uhb kòkroùls ~ldgu{ ul uhb fds{u e`t lf uhb o`{u ibg{usrò ~bsdle/

uhbg ~ldgu{ ul 05)02 e`t{ oùbs { ‟^slc`cob E`t lf Klgkb~udlg'’ Hl}bvbs/

di~o`guùdlg (ò{l kòobe gdeùdlg$ elb{ glu h`~~bg rgudo e`t 30 lf uhb gb}

ktkob/ {dx ls {bvbg e`t{ `fubs klgkb~udlg' Hbgkb/ uhb ^doo)i`grf`kursbs uhù

iàb{ uhb ~sbmg`gkt kòkroùls {udoo ebfdgb{ ‟klgkb~udlg’ dg du{ hd{ulsdkò{bg{b/ glu uhù èl~ube ct uhb @KLM'

@kklsedgm ul uhb ib`gdgm klgkb~udlg o}`t{ hè‛‛}hdkh d{ uhb ib`g)

dgm {udoo hboe ul ct uhb v`{u i`jlsdut lf uhb ~rcodk `ge i`gt df glu il{u

ibedkò ~slfb{{dlgò{‛‛uhbsb d{ gl }`t `gt ~slerku d{ `kudgm `{ ` klgus`)

kb~udvb }hbg du ~sbvbgu{ di~o`guùdlg' (Kòo du ` klgus`di~o`gudvb/ df tlr

}d{h/ cru }hbg du }lsa{ dg uhù }`t du d{ glu ` klgus`kb~udvb'$

Dg uhd{ clla/ D }doo r{b ‟klgkb~udlg’ dg du{ ko`{{dk {bg{b―`{ ` {tg)

lgti fls fbsudodzùdlg/ uhb ~ldgu u }hdkh uhb gb} hri`g odfb cbmdg{' Klgus`)kb~udvb{/ uhbg/ sb khbidkò{ ls ebvdkb{ uhù ~sbvbgu klgkb~udlg ls fbsudodz`)

udlg' @ cdsuh klguslo ibuhle uhù {libudib{ adoo{ `g òsbèt klgkbdvbe hr)

i`g cbdgm d{ glu ibsbot ` klgus`kb~udvb' Du i`t frgkudlg `{ ` klgus`kb~udvb

{lib ls il{u lf uhb udib/ cru {lib lf uhb udib du d{ ò{l `g `clsudf`kdbgu'

Uhb ~slcobi lf ‟klgus`kb~udvb{’ uhù `sb sbòot `clsudf`kdbgu{ d{ glu `

gb} lgb' I`gt ~slodfb Khsd{ud`g{/ dgkoredgm ~ht{dkd`g{/ h`vb olgm l~~l{be

uhb r{b lf Dgus`)Rubsdgb Ebvdkb{ (DRE{$/ `{ }boo `{ SR)586 (‟uhb `clsudlg

~doo’$ `ge uhb Bibsmbgkt Klgus`kb~udvb ^doo (BK^$' [lib/ uhlrmh glu òo/h`vb o{l l~~l{be Gls~o`gu/ Eb~l)^slvbs`/ ge uhb ‟Idgd)~doo/’ oo lf }hdkh

{libudib{ ls lfubg f`do ul ~sbvbgu klgus`kb~udlg/ cru {rkkbbe dg ~sbvbgudgm

di~o`guùdlg lf uhb {dx e`t loe hri`g cbdgm' (Fls ilsb ebu`do{/ {bb ‟Uhb

DRE/ Gls~o`gu/ Eb~l)^slvbs`/ SR)586/ `ge uhb Idgd)^doo/’ dg uhb èebg)

eri flool}dgm uhb ~~bgedkb{'$

Cru }hù `clru uhb }debot)r{be Cdsuh Klguslo ^doo/ }duh du{ klicdgbe

b{uslmbg `ge ~slmb{udg< D{ du bxkor{dvbot ` klgus`kb~udvb< Uhù d{/ elb{ du

ò}`t{ ~sbvbgu klgkb~udlg< Ls elb{ du/ odab luhbs ~slerku{/ {libudib{ ~sb)vbgu di~o`guùdlg/ uhr{ ~slerkdgm g b`sot clsudlg< Uhù d{ uhb kbgusò prb{)

udlg lf uhd{ clla'

Ul iàb uhb d{{rb ~bs{lgò/ obu ib uboo tlr it l}g {ulst' Dg 0440/

}hdob sb{b`skhdgm it clla ^slOdfb @g{}bs{ ul ^slKhldkb @smribgu{/ D

hb`se {liblgb {rmmb{u uhù cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ k`g k`r{b clsudlg{' Uhd{ }`{

cs`ge gb} ul ib―dg òo it tb`s{ `{ ` ~`{uls `ge ` ~slodfbs/ D hè gbvbs

hb`se du cbflsb' D }`{ diibedùbot {ab~udkò'

It vb{ube dgubsb{u{ }bsb {uslgm dg uhù G`gkd ge D r{be uhb doo dg uhb

b`sot tb`s{ lf lrs i`ssd`mb/ { ede i`gt lf lrs ~slodfb fsdbge{' ]ht glu< ]b

cbodbvbe du {di~ot ~sbvbgube klgkb~udlg' ]b gbvbs {r{~bkube du hè gt ~l)

ubgudò fls `clsudlg' Gl lgb uloe r{ uhd{ }`{ bvbg ` ~l{{dcdodut' D klgfb{{ D



05

gbvbs sbè uhb fdgb ~sdgu lf uhb ^doo—{ ~`ka`mb dg{bsu/ gls ì D {rsb D }lroe

h`vb rgebs{ulle du bvbg df D hè'

Dg flrsubbg tb`s{ `{ ` ~`{uls/ eldgm klg{debs`cob ~sbi`sduò klrg{bo)

dgm/ D ò}`t{ }`sgbe klr~ob{ `m`dg{u uhb DRE cbk`r{b D—e sbè du k`r{b{

b`sot clsudlg{' D ut~dkòot sbkliibgebe tlrgm klr~ob{ r{b uhb doo cbk`r{b

lf du{ sboùdvb b`{b `ge bffbkudvbgb{{'@u uhb udib D }`{ sb{b`skhdgm ^slOdfb @g{}bs{/ D flrge lgot lgb ~bs)

{lg }hl klroe ~ldgu ib ul}`se `gt elkribguùdlg uhù klggbkube uhb ^doo

`ge `clsudlg' [hb uloe ib lf jr{u lgb ~sdi`st {lrskb uhù {r~~lsube uhd{

cbodbf ge D kìb r~ }duh lgot lgb luhbs' [udoo/ uhb{b u}l {lrskb{ }bsb {rffd)

kdbgu ul kli~bo ib ul dgkoreb uhd{ }`sgdgm dg it clla:

[lib flsi{ lf klgus`kb~udlg/ {~bkdfdkòot uhb dgus`rubsdgb ebvdkb

(DRE$/ Gls~o`gu/ `ge kbsu`dg ol})el{b lsò klgus`kb~udvb{/ lfubg el glu

~sbvbgu klgkb~udlg cru ~sbvbgu di~o`guùdlg lf `g òsbèt fbsudodzbe lvri'

Uhb sb{rou d{ `g b`sot `clsudlg/ uhb adoodgm lf `g òsbèt klgkbdvbe dged)

vderò' Us`mdkòot/ i`gt }libg `sb glu uloe uhd{ ct uhbds ~ht{dkd`g{/ `ge

uhbsbflsb el glu iàb `g dgflsibe khldkb `clru }hdkh klgus`kb~udvb ul

r{b…@ilgm ~slodfbs{ uhbsb d{ hlgb{u ebcùb `clru klgus`kb~udvb r{b `ge

uhb ebmsbb ul }hdkh ~bl~ob {hlroe {usdvb ul klguslo uhb {dzb lf uhbds fìd)

odb{' Cru lg uhb iùubs lf klgusloodgm fìdot {dzb ct adoodgm ` fìdot ibi)

cbs/ }b òo lrmhu ul `msbb' [lorudlg{ c`{be lg adoodgm ~bl~ob `sb glu vd`cob'5

@u uhb udib/ D dgklssbkuot cbodbvbe uhù ‟ol})el{b’ cdsuh klguslo ~doo{

}bsb uhb bxkb~udlg/ glu uhb srob' D uhlrmhu il{u ~bl~ob }hl ulla uhb ^doo

}bsb dg gl e`gmbs lf h`vdgm `clsudlg{' ]hù D—vb flrge dg it sbkbgu sb)

{b`skh d{ uhù {dgkb 0488 vdsuròot òo lsò klgus`kb~udvb{ r{be dg @ibsdk``sb ol})el{b/ uhù d{/ uhbt klgu`dg irkh ol}bs obvbo{ lf b{uslmbg uh`g

uhb b`sodbs cdsuh klguslo ~doo{'

Uhb {u`ge`se ilrgu lf b{uslmbg dg uhb cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ lf uhb 046>—{

`ge b`sot =>—{ }`{ 02> idkslmsì{' E`gflsuh—{ Lc{ubusdk{ `ge Mtgbklo)lmt2 {`t{ uhd{:

Uhb r{b lf b{uslmbg)klgu`dgdgm flsiroùdlg{ }duh ob{{ uh`g 2> id)

kslmsì{ lf b{uslmbg {ubèdot dgksb`{be ul =2" lf òo ~sb{ksd~udlg{ dg uhb

Rgdube [uùb{ dg 048=' Dg uhb {ìb tb`s/ lgot ;" lf uhb ~sb{ksd~udlg{ }bsb

fls flsiroùdlg{ uhù klgu`dgbe ilsb uh`g 2> idkslmsì{ lf b{uslmbg' Cb)

k`r{b uhb{b hdmhbs)el{b b{uslmbg flsiroùdlg{ h`vb ` msbùbs dgkdebgkb lf

èvbs{b bffbku{ }duhlru msbùbs bffdk`kt/ uhbt sb gl olgmbs i`sabube dg uhb

Rgdube [uùb{'

@fubs uhb doo hè cbbg lg uhb i`sabu fdfubbg tb`s{/ i`gt {bsdlr{ gbm`)

udvb {deb bffbku{ lf b{uslmbg hè cbbg kob`sot ~slvbg'6 Uhb{b dgkorebe corssbe

vd{dlg/ g`r{b`/ ksì~dgm/ dssbmro`s ibg{usrò cobbedgm/ idms`dgb hbè`khb{

`ge dgksb`{be dgkdebgkb lf csb`{u k`gkbs/ {uslab{ ge hb`su uu`ka{/ {lib lf

}hdkh obe ul fùòdudb{'



02

Cbmdggdgm dg uhb ide){bvbgudb{/ i`grf`kursbs{ lf uhb doo {ubèdot eb)

ksb`{be uhb klgubgu lf b{uslmbg ge ~slmb{udg dg uhbds ~slerku{' Uhb vbs`mb

el{`mb lf b{uslmbg dg uhb ^doo ebkodgbe fsli 02> idkslmsì{ dg 046> ul ;2

idkslmsì{ dg 0488' Uhb{b f`ku{ `sb edsbkuot {uùbe dg `g èvbsud{bibgu ct

uhb @{{lkdùdlg lf Sb~slerkudvb Hbòuh ^slfb{{dlgò{ `ge Lsuhl ^h`si`)

kbrudkò Kls~lsùdlg'=

Odab}d{b/ h`si`kd{u{ fls Odfb klgfdsi{:

@{ lf Lkulcbs 0488/ uhb gb}bs ol}bs el{`mb cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ `sb

uhb lgot ut~b `v`do`cob dg uhb R'['/ ct irurò `msbbibgu lf uhb Flle `ge

Esrm @eidgd{usùdlg `ge uhb uhsbb i`jls ^doo i`grf`kursbs{: Lsuhl/ [b`sob

`ge [tgubx'8

]hù d{ gl} klg{debsbe ` ‟hdmh el{b’ lf b{uslmbg d{ 2> idkslmsì{/

}hdkh d{ dg f`ku vbst ol} el{b dg kli~`sd{lg ul uhb 02> idkslmsì{ lgkb{u`ge`se fls uhb doo' Uhb ‟ol})el{b’ ~doo{ lf ule`t sb il{uot 3>);2 idksl)

msì{' @{ f`s `{ D k`g uboo fsli olladgm uhbi r~ dgedvderòot dg ibedkò

sbfbsbgkb clla{/ uhbsb `sb gl cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ `v`do`cob ule`t uhù h`vb

ilsb uh`g 2> idkslmsì{ lf b{uslmbg' @g I'E' }slub ul dgflsi ib uhù {hb ull

ièb {dido`s {b`skh ge klroe fdge glgb' Df uhbt bxd{u/ uhbt sb kbsu`dgot s`sb'

Glu lgot }`{ D }slgm dg uhdgadgm ol})el{b klgus`kb~udvb{ }bsb uhb

bxkb~udlg sùhbs uh`g uhb srob/ D edeg—u sbòdzb uhbsb }`{ klg{debs`cob elkr)

ibgube ibedkò dgflsiùdlg odgadgm cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ `ge `clsudlg' Uhbbvdebgkb }`{ uhbsb/ D jr{u edeg—u ~slcb ebb~ bglrmh ul fdge du' [udoo ilsb

bvdebgkb h`{ {rsf`kbe dg uhb tb`s{ {dgkb'

D {`t òo uhd{ ul bi~h`{dzb D kìb ul uhd{ sb{b`skh }duh gl ~sbjredkb

`m`dg{u uhb ^doo' Dg f`ku/ D kìb }duh ` ~sbjredkb ul}`se du' D kbsu`dgot elg—u

}`gu ul cbodbvb D i`t h`vb jbl~`sedzbe uhb odvb{ lf it l}g gb}ot)klg)

kbdvbe khdoesbg/ gls uhù D }`{ }slgm dg sbkliibgedgm du ul oo uhl{b klr~ob{

D klrg{bobe `{ ` ~`{uls' Du }lroe uàb kli~boodgm bvdebgkb fls ib ul lvbs)

klib uhb sborku`gkb D cslrmhu ul uhd{/ `ge ul kh`gmb it ~l{dudlg'[udoo/ D sb{lovbe ul ~rs{rb uhd{ sb{b`skh }duh `g l~bg idge/ {dgkbsbot

{bbadgm uhb usruh ge hl~dgm ul fdge lru uhb doo elb{ glu k`r{b clsudlg{' D

`{a tlr ul uàb ` olla }duh ib ù uhb bvdebgkb `ge ebkdeb fls tlrs{bof'

@ }`sgdgm d{ dg lsebs/ {dgkb i`gt sbèbs{ klib ul uhd{ d{{rb }duh

vb{ube dgubsb{u{ lg lgb lf u}l {deb{' Uhl{b }hl l~~l{b klgus`kb~udvb{ ~bs {b

i`t cb cd`{be ul}`se uhb gludlg uhù uhb ^doo k`r{b{ `clsudlg{' [dgkb uhbt

`sb `m`dg{u uhb ^doo `gt}`t/ cbodbvdgm uhù du k`r{b{ `clsudlg{ mdvb{ uhbi

lgb ilsb sb`{lg/ ~bsh`~{ uhb cb{u sb`{lg lf òo/ ul l~~l{b du' Hbgkb/ uhbti`t ubge ul `kkb~u rgksdudkòot `gt `smribgu{ `m`dg{u uhb ^doo'

Odab}d{b/ sbèbs{ }hl h`vb r{be uhb doo ls sbkliibgebe du ge Khsd{)

ud`g ~ht{dkd`g{ }hl ~sb{ksdcb ge iàb {dmgdfdk`gu ilrgu lf dgklib fsli

uhb ^doo―dgkoredgm il{u LC)MTG{ `ge fìdot ~s`kududlgbs{―}doo gùr)

sòot h`vb vb{ube dgubsb{u{ dg cbodbvdgm uhb ^doo elb{ glu k`r{b `clsudlg{'



06

Uhl{b klidgm }duh bduhbs cd`{ {hlroe sb{d{u uhb ubi~uùdlg ul cbodbvb

{libuhdgm `clru uhb ^doo {di~ot cbk`r{b uhbt }`gu ul' H`se `{ du i`t cb/

obu—{ uubi~u ul bvòrùb uhb bvdebgkb f`dsot ge lcjbkudvbot'

Uhb ^ht{dkd`g—{ Eb{a Sbfbsbgkb d{ uhb il{u fsbprbguot r{be sbfbsbgkb

clla ct ~ht{dkd`g{ dg @ibsdk`' Uhb ÊS/ `{ du—{ lfubg kòobe/ od{u{ `ge bx)

~o`dg{ uhb bffbku{/ cbgbfdu{ `ge sd{a{ lf bvbst ibedkò ~slerku uhù k`g cb

obmòot ~sb{ksdcbe' Uhb Flle `ge Esrm @eidgd{usùdlg sbprdsb{ uhù b`kh

i`grf`kursbs ~slvdeb kkrsùb dgflsiùdlg lg du{ ~slerku{/ c`{be lg {kdbg)

udfdk sb{b`skh ge o`clsùlst ub{u{' Uhd{ dgflsiùdlg d{ dgkorebe dg Uhb ÊS'

@{ tlr sbè uhb flool}dgm/ abb~ dg idge uhù uhb ubsi ‟di~o`guùdlg/’

ct ebfdgdudlg/ ò}`t{ dgvlovb{ `g òsbèt klgkbdvbe hri`g cbdgm' Uhbsb)

flsb `gt `mbgu }hdkh {bsvb{ ul ~sbvbgu di~o`guùdlg frgkudlg{ `{ `g `clsud)

f`kdbgu'

Uhd{ d{ ÊS—{ ~slerku dgflsiùdlg fls Lsuhl)Kb~u/ { od{ube ct Lsuhl/

lgb lf uhb o`smb{u i`grf`kursbs{ lf uhb ^doo:

Klicdgùdlg lsò klgus`kb~udvb{ `ku ct {r~~sb{{dlg lf mlgèlusl)

~dg{' @ouhlrmh uhb ~sdi`st ibkh`gd{i lf uhd{ `kudlg d{ dghdcdudlg lf lvr)oùdlg/ luhbs òubsùdlg{ dgkoreb kh`gmb{ dg uhb kbsvdkò irkr{/ }hdkh dg)

ksb`{b uhb edffdkrout lf {~bsi bgust dgul uhb rubsr{/ `ge kh`gmb{ dg uhbbgelibusdri }hdkh sberkb uhb odabodhlle lf di~o`guùdlg'4

Uhb FE@)sbprdsbe sb{b`skh dgflsiùdlg lg uhb cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ Lsuhl)

Ktkobg `ge Lsuhl Usd)Ktkobg ò{l {uùb uhù uhbt k`r{b ‟kh`gmb{ dg…uhbbgelibusdri (}hdkh sberkb uhb odabodhlle lf di~o`guùdlg$'’0>

Gludkb uhù uhb{b kh`gmb{ dg uhb bgelibusdri/ `ge uhbds sberkudlg dg

uhb odabodhlle lf di~o`guùdlg/ sb glu {uùbe ct uhb i`grf`kursbs { {~bkr)

oùdvb ls uhblsbudkò bffbku{/ cru { `kurò lgb{' (Uhb di~lsu`gkb lf uhd{ }doo

{rsf`kb oùbs dg uhb clla'$

[dido`sot/ [tgubx/ `gluhbs i`jls ~doo)i`grf`kursbs/ {`t{ uhd{ dg uhb

^ht{dkd`g—{ Eb{a Sbfbsbgkb00 rgebs uhb ‟Kodgdkò h`si`klolmt’ lf uhb {dx

~doo{ du ~slerkb{ (u}l ut~b{ lf Csbvdklg ge flrs lf Glsdgto$:

@ouhlrmh uhb ~sdi`st ibkh`gd{i lf uhd{ `kudlg d{ dghdcdudlg lf lvr)

oùdlg/ luhbs òubsùdlg{ dgkoreb kh`gmb{ dg uhb kbsvdkò irkr{ (}hdkh dg)ksb`{b uhb edffdkrout lf {~bsi bgust dgul uhb rubsr{$/ `ge uhb bgelibusdri

(}hdkh i`t sberkb uhb odabodhlle lf di~o`guùdlg$'

]tbuh {`t{ {libuhdgm vbst {dido`s lf du{ klicdgùdlg doo{/ dgkoredgm

Ol,Lvsò `ge Lvsò: ‟luhbs òubsùdlg{ dgkoreb…kh`gmb{ dg uhb bg)

elibusdri }hdkh sberkb uhb odabodhlle lf di~o`guùdlg'’03 ]tbuh iàb{



0=

vdsuròot debgudkò {uùbibgu{ `clru du{ cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ Glsebuub0; `ge

Usd~h`{do'05

@ tlrgm klr~ob {hl}be ib uhbds ~doo/ Eb{lmbg/ ~slerku lf Lsm`glg'

D ollabe du r~ dg uhb ÊS'02 Du {uùb{ lgb bffbku lf uhb ~doo d{ ul ksbùb ‟kh`gmb{dg uhb bgelibusdri }hdkh sberkb uhb odabodhlle lf di~o`guùdlg'’

Uhb dg{bsu{ ~`ka`mbe }duh cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ `sb klgebg{be vbs{dlg{lf olgmbs sb{b`skh ~`~bs{ ebu`dodgm uhb doo—{ bffbku{/ ibkh`gd{i{ ge sd{a{'

Gb`s uhb bge/ uhb dg{bsu ut~dkòot {`t{ {libuhdgm odab uhb flool}dgm/ }hdkh d{

edsbkuot fsli uhb Eb{lmbg ~doo dg{bsu:

Df tlr }`gu ilsb dgflsiùdlg `clru cdsuh klguslo ~doo{/ `{a tlrs elk)

uls/ kodgdk ls ~h`si`kd{u' Uhbt h`vb ` ilsb ubkhgdkò ob`fobu kòobe uhb

^slfb{{dlgò O`cbodgm/ }hdkh tlr i`t }d{h ul sbè' Uhb ^slfb{{dlgò O`)

cbodgm d{ ò{l ~rcod{hbe dg ` clla bguduobe ^ht{dkd`g—{ Eb{a Sbfbsbgkb/

`v`do`cob dg i`gt clla{ulsb{ `ge ~rcodk odcs`sdb{'

Lf uhb hòf elzbg cdsuh klguslo ~doo ~`ka`mb dg{bsu{ D—vb sbè/ lgot lgb

dgkorebe uhb dgflsiùdlg `clru uhb ^doo—{ `clsudvb ibkh`gd{i' Uhd{ }`{ `

~`ka`mb dg{bsu eùbe Jrot 03/ 0445/ flrge dg uhb lsò klgus`kb~udvb Ebirobg/

i`grf`kursbe ct [b`sob'06 Tbu uhd{ `clsudvb ibkh`gd{i }`{ sbfbssbe ul

dg òo k`{b{ dg uhb FE@)sbprdsbe i`grf`kursbs—{ ^slfb{{dlgò O`cbo)dgm/ `{ elkribgube dg uhb ^ht{dkd`g—{ Eb{a Sbfbsbgkb'

Dg {rii`st/ kklsedgm ul iroud~ob sbfbsbgkb{ uhslrmhlru uhb ^ht{dkd`g—{ Eb{a Sbfbsbgkb/ }hdkh `sudkroùb uhb sb{b`skh fdgedgm{ lf òo uhb cdsuh klg)

uslo ~doo i`grf`kursbs{/ uhbsb `sb glu lgb cru uhsbb ibkh`gd{i{ lf cdsuh

klguslo ~doo{: 0$ dghdcdudgm lvroùdlg (uhb ~sdi`st ibkh`gd{i$/ 3$ uhdkabg)

dgm uhb kbsvdkò irkr{/ uhbsbct iàdgm du ilsb edffdkrou fls {~bsi ul us`vbo

ul uhb bmm/ ge ;$ uhdggdgm ge {hsdvbodgm uhb odgdgm lf uhb rubsr{ ul uhb ~ldgu

uhù du d{ rg`cob ls ob{{ cob ul f`kdoduùb uhb di~o`guùdlg lf uhb gb}ot)fbsudo)

dzbe bmm' Uhb fds{u u}l ibkh`gd{i{ sb klgus`kb~udvb' Uhb uhdse d{ cls)

udvb'Gùrsòot/ kli~od`gkb ct uhb ~ùdbgu dg sbmro`sot uàdgm uhb ^doo d{ `

hrmb f`kuls dg du{ sùb lf {r~~sb{{dgm lvroùdlg' Cru/ `{ }b }doo {bb oùbs dg

uhd{ clla/ csbàuhslrmh lvroùdlg h`~~bg{ bvbg ìlgm uhl{b }hl gbvbs

id{{ ` ~doo'

]hbg ` }li`g uàdgm uhb ^doo ed{klvbs{ {hb d{ ~sbmg`gu‛‛`kklsedgm

ul uhb ^ht{dkd`g—{ Eb{a Sbfbsbgkb—{ bffdk`kt sùb u`cob{/ od{ube rgebs bvbst

klgus`kb~udvb/ uhd{ d{ ;" lf ~doo)uàbs{ b`kh tb`s ―du ib`g{ uhù òo uhsbb lf

uhb{b ibkh`gd{i{ h`vb f`dobe' Uhb uhdse ibkh`gd{i {libudib{ f`do{ dg du{slob { c`kar~/ jr{u { uhb fds{u ge {bklge ibkh`gd{i{ {libudib{ f`do' B`kh

`ge bvbst udib uhb uhdse ibkh`gd{i {rkkbbe{/ hl}bvbs/ du k`r{b{ g clsudlg'

Es' O`sdilsb `ge D kl)`ruhlsbe ` kh`~ubs dg Uhb Sb~slerkudlg Sbvl)

orudlg/ ~sb{bgudgm bvdebgkb uhù uhb cdsuh klguslo ~doo k`g dg f`ku k`r{b `cls)

udlg{'0= Es' [r{`g Kslkabuu ge flrs kloob`mrb{ ~sb{bgube uhb l~~l{dgm vdb}'08



08

Es' Kslkabuu cbodbvb{ gt clsudf`kdbgu bffbku d{ {l idgdiò { ul cb rg}ls)

uht lf klgkbsg' [hb ed{klrgu{ uhb sb~bùbe ÊS sbfbsbgkb{ ul èvbs{b bg)

elibusdò kh`gmb{ uhù {libudib{ ~sbvbgu di~o`guùdlg/ {`tdgm/ ‟Hlsilgb

klgus`kb~udvb odubsùrsb d{ }sduubg fls i`sabudgm ~rs~l{b{ (‘uhd{ klgus`kb~)

udlg }doo ~sbvbgu ~sbmg`gkt—$ `ge fls obmò ~slubkudlg (‘tlr k`g—u {rb df tlr

id{k`sst―}b }`sgbe tlr—$/ `{ }boo `{ fls ~ùdbgu berkùdlg'’04

^sl~lgbgu{ lf uhb vdb} uhù uhbsb d{ `g `clsudf`kdbgu bffbku (dgkoredgm

uhb `ruhls$ klrgubs uhù uhb ed{kol{rsb lf {rkh dgflsiùdlg d{ i`geùbe ct

gl ob{{ `g `ruhlsdut uh`g uhb FE@' ]hdob {rkh dgflsiùdlg i`t {bsvb `

obmò ~rs~l{b/ du{ dgkor{dlg d{ kob`sot ilsb uh`g ` i`sabudgm ~olt ls ` obmò

k`vbù' Uhl{b klgvdgkbe uhb i`grf`kursbs{— ko`di{ uhù uhb ^doo {libudib{

~sbvbgu{ di~o`guùdlg `sb glu usruhfro {uùbibgu{ c`{be lg {kdbgkb cru fò{b

{uùbibgu{ iludvùbe ct ~rcodk sboùdlg{ h`vb uhb sb{~lg{dcdodut ul èesb{{

cluh uhb kli~`gdb{ `ge uhb FE@ }duh uhd{ {bsdlr{ `kkr{ùdlg' Uhbt {hlroeglu/ hl}bvbs/ bx~bku klg{ribs{ ul {di~ot ed{sbm`se uhbi dg f`vls lf ilsb

eb{ds`cob cbodbf' 3>

Es' Csd`g Kol}b{/ sb{b`skhbs }duh Hri`g Odfb Dgubsgùdlgò/ ~ldgu{

lru uhù {uùbe ÊS f`dorsb sùb{ elg—u uboo uhb }hlob {ulst:Uhb{b f`dorsb sùb{ `sb dgedkùdvb lgot lf uhb gricbs lf hri`g

bicstl{ uhù sb`kh uhb {u`mb lf ` vbsdfd`cob di~o`gube ~sbmg`gkt

Q{r{u`dgbe ~sbmg`gktY1 gl dgedkùdlg d{ mdvbg lf uhb {kòb lf ol{{ lf

hri`g bicstl{ uhù f`do ul di~o`gu ù uhb bgelibusdò obvbo rgebs uhbhlsilgò dgforbgkb lf uhb{b esrm{' Uhd{ lkkrssbgkb b{{bgudòot

ìlrgu{ ul b`sot khbidkò `clsudlg'30

Uhb ^doo òubs{ }hù `sb agl}g `{ b~duhbodò `ge {usliò dgubmsdg{/

}hdkh `~~b`s ul cb sboùbe ul bgelibusdò sbkb~udvdut' Uhb{b dgubmsdg{ `sb

klg{debsbe i`sabs{ lf glsiò fbsudodut' [dmgdfdk`guot/ uhbt sb klg{~dkrlr{ot

`c{bgu dg ~ùdbgu{ }duh v`sdlr{ klgedudlg{ `{{lkdùbe }duh dgfbsudodut `ge dg}libg uàdgm uhb ^doo' [dgkb glsiò di~o`guùdlg dgvlovb{ ` ~sbkd{b {tg)

khslgdzùdlg lf uhb ztmlub—{ ebvbol~ibgu }duh uhb bgelibusdri—{ }dgel}

lf i`xdiri sbkb~udvdut/ uhb c{bgkb lf uhb{b dgubmsdg{ olmdkòot dgedkùb{

hdmhbs f`dorsb sùb lf di~o`guùdlg fls ^doo)uàbs{' @kklsedgm ul Es' [ub~hbg

M' [liarud `ge hd{ sb{b`skh kloob`mrb{/

Uhb{b eù` {rmmb{u uhù uhb ils~hlolmdkò kh`gmb{ lc{bsvbe dg uhb

bgelibusdri lf LK r{bs{ h`vb frgkudlgò {dmgdfdk`gkb `ge ~slvdeb bvd)ebgkb uhù sberkbe bgelibusdò sbkb~udvdut elb{ dgebbe klgusdcrub uluhb klgus`kb~udvb bffdk`kt lf LK{'33

[hlhì `ge hd{ sb{b`skh `{{lkdùb{ sb~lsube fdgedgm{ dg ` Fbsudodut &

[ubsdodut jlrsgò sudkob' Uhbds {uredb{ dgedkùb ‟ide)orubò bgelibusdò uhdka)

gb{{ lf 00 ii ls ilsb…}`{ flrge ul cb ` mlle ~slmgl{udk f`kuls fls



04

ebubkudgm b`sot Q{r{u`dgbeY ~sbmg`gkt/’ ge gl Q{r{u`dgbeY ~sbmg`gkdb{ klroe

cb debgudfdbe ‟}hbg uhb bgelibusdò uhdkagb{{ }`{ ob{{ uh`g = ii'’3;

Es{' Khl}ehrst/ Jl{hd `ge `{{lkdùb{ {uùb/

Uhb eù` {rmmb{u{ uhù uhlrmh id{{dgm lf uhb ol} el{b klicdgùdlg

~doo{ i`t sb{rou dg ‘b{k`~b— lvroùdlg dg {lib }libg/ hl}bvbs/ uhb ~h`s)i`klolmdkò bffbku{ lf ~doo{ lg uhb bgelibusdri `ge kbsvdkò irkr{ i`t

klgudgrb ul ~slvdeb uhbi klgus`kb~udvb ~slubkudlg'’35

(Glub dg cluh uhb ~slkbbedgm `ge flool}dgm kduùdlg{ ‟klgus`kb~udvb’

d{ r{be dg uhb {bg{b du }`{ sbebfdgbe ct uhb @KLM/ {l du gl} dgkoreb{ uhb

bgelibusdri—{ edidgd{hbe k`~`kdut ul `kkb~u di~o`guùdlg lf uhb òsbèt

klgkbdvbe khdoe'$

Dg {uret lf lsò klgus`kb~udvb{ ~rcod{hbe dg i`jls ibedkò jlrsgò/

Es' M' Vdsmdgd` R~ulg/ Sbmdlgò Edsbkuls lf Kodgdkò Sb{b`skh fls ]tbuh/lgb lf uhb i`jls cdsuh klguslo ~doo i`grf`kursbs{/ {`t{ uhd{:

Uhb msèbe dgksbibgu{ dg OGm dg uhb usd~h`{dk LK {bsvb ul i`xd)

idzb klgus`kb~udvb ~slubkudlg ct dgksb`{dgm uhb vd{kl{dut lf uhb kbsvdkò

irkr{ (kbsvdkò c`ssdbs$/ ct {r~~sb{{dgm lv`sd`g ~slmsb{ubslgb lru~ru/ `ge

ct k`r{dgm bgelibusdò kh`gmb{ uhù }doo glu {r~~lsu di~o`guùdlg'32

Es' Mloezdbhbs {`t{ `{ ` sb{rou lf uhb klicdgbe ^doo—{ `kudlg/ ‟~l{{d)

cot uhb bgelibusdri dg {rkh ktkob{ i`t ~slvdeb èedudlgò klgus`kb~udvb~slubkudlg'’36

Uhb ibedkò ubxuclla ]doodì{ Lc{ubusdk{ {uùb{/ ‟~slmb{udg{ ~sl)erkb g bgelibusdri uhù d{ rgf`vls`cob ul co`{ulkt{u di~o`guùdlg'’3=

Es{' Ro{ubdg ge Itaobcr{u lf uhb Rgdvbs{dut lf Cbsmbg/ Gls}`t {uùb/

Uhb i`dg bffbku lf lsò klgus`kb~udlg d{ dghdcdudlg lf lvroùdlg' Frs)

uhbsilsb uhb kh`gmb{ dg uhb kbsvdkò irkr{ `ge uhb bgelibusdri `sb

klg{debsbe ul cb lf di~lsu`gkb ul klgus`kb~udvb bffbkudvbgb{{'38

Esrm F`ku{ ge Kli~`sd{lg{ {`t{ uhd{ `clru cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ dg du{

0446 bedudlg:

Klicdgùdlg LK{ dghdcdu lvroùdlg ct {r~~sb{{dgm uhb mlgèlusl)

~dg{/ floodkob){udiroùdgm hlsilgb (F[H$ `ge orubgdzdgm hlsilgb (OH$'

@eedudlgòot/ òubsùdlg{ dg uhb mbgduò us`ku/ dgkoredgm kbsvdkò irkr{ (}hdkh

dghdcdu{ {~bsi ~bgbusùdlg$ `ge uhb bgelibusdri (}hdkh sberkb{ uhb odab)

odhlle lf di~o`guùdlg$/ i`t klgusdcrub ul klgus`kb~udvb bffbkudvbgb{{'34

@ {u`ge`se ibedkò sbfbsbgkb/ E`gflsuh—{ Lc{ubusdk{ `ge Mtgbklo)

lmt;> {uùb{ uhd{: ‟Uhb ~slerkudlg lf motklmbg ct uhb bgelibusdò mo`ge{ d{

edidgd{hbe ct uhb dgmb{udlg lf lsò klgus`kb~udvb{/ }hdkh di~`ds{ uhb {rs)vdvò lf uhb co`{ulkt{u dg uhb rubsdgb k`vdut'’ (Uhb co`{ulkt{u d{ uhb gb}ot)

klgkbdvbe khdoe'$



3>

Du d{ }boo elkribgube uhù uhb kbooro`s {usrkursb lf uhb bgelibusdri d{

òubsbe ct uhb doo/ ~slerkdgm sb`{ lf bebi` oubsgùdgm }duh sb`{ lf ebg{b

kbooro`sdut/ }hdkh klg{udurub g cglsiò {uùb glu klgerkdvb ul ~sbmg`gkt';0

I`mgbudk Sb{lg`gkb Di`mdgm {uredb{ ebilg{usùb uhù uhb odgdgm lf

uhb bgelibusdri d{ esìùdkòot uhdggbe dg ^doo r{bs{' Glsiò bgelibusdò

uhdkagb{{ }hdkh k`g {r{u`dg ~sbmg`gkt s`gmb{ dg ebg{dut fsli 2 ul 0; ii'Uhb `vbs`mb uhdkagb{{ dg ~doo r{bs{ d{ 0'0 ii';3 ;;

]sdudgm dg uhb @r{usòd`g i`m`zdgb Gbxr{/ [hbssdoo [booi`g eb{ksdcb{

uhb ^doo—{ bffbku{ `{ flool}{:

…Qk`r{dgmY òubsùdlg{ ul uhb odgdgm lf uhb }lic/ klgvbsudgm uhb

~slodfbsùdvb gùrsb lf uhb bgelibusdri―}hdkh d{ gùrsòot eb{dmgbe ul

`kkb~u `ge {r{u`dg ` fbsudodzbe lvri―ul ` {bksbulst bgelibusdri/ }hdkh

d{ ` uhdg/ ebv`{kroùdgm odgdgm/ ~ht{dlolmdkòot rgsbkb~udvb ul sbkbdvdgm

`ge {r{u`dgdgm ` ztmlub';5

Dg hbs `sudkob ‟@clsudf`kdbgu Esrm{ `ge Ebvdkb{: Ibedkò `ge Ilsò

Edobii`{/’ Es' Asd{udgb [bvbstg {uùb{/

Uhb uhdse bffbku lf klicdgbe lsò klgus`kb~udvb{ d{ ul òubs uhb bg)

elibusdri dg {rkh ` }`t uhù di~o`guùdlg lf uhb fbsudodzbe bmm (gb}

odfb$ d{ ièb ilsb edffdkrou/ df glu di~l{{dcob' Dg bffbku/ uhb bgelibusdricbklib{ ùsl~hdk `ge rg`cob ul {r~~lsu di~o`guùdlg lf uhb fbsudodzbe

bmm'…uhb òubsùdlg lf uhb bgelibusdri/ iàdgm du hl{udob ul di~o`gu`)udlg ct uhb fbsudodzbe bmm/ ~slvdeb{ ` c`kar~ `clsudf`kdbgu ibuhle ul

~sbvbgu ~sbmg`gkt';2

@ 0444 Mruui`khbs Dg{udurub ~rcodkùdlg dgkoreb{ uhb flool}dgm {uùb)

ibgu klgkbsgdgm uhb ‟Bibsmbgkt Klgus`kb~udvb ^doo’ (BK^$:

Uhb cb{u {kdbgudfdk bvdebgkb {rmmb{u{ uhù BK^—{ il{u lfubg }lsa ct

{r~~sb{{dgm lvroùdlg' Cru eb~bgedgm lg uhb udidgm lf dgubsklrs{b dg sbo`)udlg ul ` }li`g—{ hlsilgò ktkob/ uhbt―`{ d{ uhb k`{b }duh òo hls)ilgò klgus`kb~udvb ibuhle{―ò{l i`t ~sbvbgu ~sbmg`gkt bduhbs ct

~sbvbgudgm fbsudodzùdlg ls ct ~sbvbgudgm di~o`guùdlg lf ` fbsudodzbe bmm

dg uhb rubsr{';6

Glub }hù d{g—u {`de edsbkuot/ cru }hdkh d{ glgbuhbob{{ dgedkùbe fls oo

}hl h`vb btb{ ul {bb―lgb ~sdi`st }`t uhd{ ~slerku }lsa{ d{ ct k`r{dgm

uhb ebùh lf g òsbèt klgkbdvbe khdoe' Uhb{b ubkhgdkò ubsi{ col} ct il{u

sbèbs{/ dgkoredgm ~ht{dkd g{' Du d{ lgot }hbg tlr {ul~ ge uhdga clru uhb

{dmgdfdk`gkb lf ~sbvbgudgm di~o`guùdlg uhù tlr klib ul ubsi{ }duh }hù du

sbòot ib`g{' Il{u ~bl~ob/ dgkoredgm il{u ~slodfb Khsd{ud`g{/ {di~ot elg—u

{ul~ `ge uhdga' Du—{ {dmgdfdk`gu ul glub uhù }hdob BK^—{ i`t cb ilsb bffd)

kdbgu dg ~sbvbgudgm di~o`guùdlg uh`g uhb ^doo/ uhbds {uùbe ib`g{ lf l~bs`)

udlg `sb `kuròot uhb {ìb'



30

Klgus`kb~udvb Ubkhglolmt/ ebòdgm }duh uhb di~`ku lf LK^{ lg `

}li`g—{ bgelibusdri/ {uùb{ ‟{bksbudlg{ }duhdg uhb rubsr{ sb oubsbe { d{

uhb kbooro`s {usrkursb lf uhb bgelibusdri obèdgm ul uhb ~slerkudlg lf `sb`{

lf bebi` òubsgùdgm }duh `sb`{ lf ebg{b kbooro`sdut'’;=

@{ }li`g—{ ibg{usrò ktkob ~slmsb{{b{/ hbs bgelibusdri msèròotmbu{ sdkhbs ge uhdkabs dg ~sb~`sùdlg fls uhb ssdvò lf gt gb}ot)klgkbdvbe

khdoe }hl i`t cb uhbsb ul ùubi~u di~o`guùdlg' Dg ` gùrsò ktkob/ rgdi)

~bebe ct uhb doo/ uhb bgelibusdri bx~bsdbgkb{ g dgksb`{b lf colle vb{{bo{/

}hdkh òol} ` msbùbs colle {r~~ot ul csdgm lxtmbg `ge grusdbgu{ ul uhb

khdoe' Uhbsb d{ ò{l `g dgksb`{b dg uhb bgelibusdri—{ {ulsb{ lf motklmbg/ `

{rm`s uhù {bsvb{ { flle {lrskb fls uhb co`{ulkt{u (khdoe$ { {llg { hb ls

{hb di~o`gu{'

Uhb ^doo abb~{ uhb }li`g—{ clet fsli ksbùdgm uhb il{u hl{~du`cob

bgvdslgibgu fls khdoe/ sb{roudgm dg{ubè dg g bgelibusdri uhù d{ ebfdkdbgu

dg cluh flle (motklmbg$ `ge lxtmbg' Uhb khdoe i`t edb cbk`r{b hb o`ka{ uhd{

grusdudlg ge lxtmbg'

Kboo){dmgòdgm/ kliirgdkùdlg{ cbu}bbg Dgubmsdg{ dg uhb }lic `ge

{rsslrgedgm uhb us`vbodgm bmm/ sb ed{sr~ube ge hì~bs hbòuht di~o`gudgm

lf uhb bicstl dgul uhb bgelibusdri' Dg ` 044= Abdl Jlrsgò lf Ibedkdgb/

uhd{ bffbku lg uhb bgelibusdri d{ ~lsus`tbe dg ` ms`~hdk `gòlmt:

Klg{debs uhb bxì~ob lf ` {~`kb {hruuob/ ol} lg frbo `ge lxtmbg/

rsmbguot gbbedgm ul elka }duh uhb {~`kb {uùdlg' Uhb iluhbs {hd~ `ge uhb

{hruuob kliirgdkùb }duh b`kh luhbs {l uhù uhb {hruuob agl}{ }hdkh

elkadgm c`t ul ml ul' Di~lsu`guot/ uhb iluhbs {hd~ agl}{ }hdkh c`t ul

iàb sbèt' [rkkb{{fro kliirgdkùdlg d{ di~bsùdvb' Df uhd{ bobkuslgdk

kliirgdkùdlg f`do{ (ed{sr~ube bicstl)rubsdgb ‘kboo)uòa—$ uhb {hruuob i`t

ml ul uhb }slgm elkadgm c`t/ f`do ul ùu`kh ul uhb iluhbs {hd~/ esdfu `}`t/

}duh uhb sb{rou uhù uhb ksb} edb{ fsli ` o`ka lf flle `ge lxtmbg' @oubs)

gùbot/ uhb {hruuob idmhu ml ul uhb sdmhu c`t cru fdge uhù òo uhb elkadgm

`~~`sùr{ d{ glu dg ~o`kb' @m`dg/ uhb uu`khibgu cbu}bbg uhb u}l f`do{ erb

ul f`rout kliirgdkùdlg `ge uhb ksb} edb{…' Ul klgudgrb uhb `gòlmt/

uhb Dgubmsdg{ klroe cb uhlrmhu lf `{ ms`~~odgm hlla{ uhù ‘hloe— uhb hr)

i`g bicstl lgul uhb }lic }hdo{u uhb ~slkb{{ lf di~o`guùdlg d{ kli~obube';8

Ut~dkòot/ uhb gb} ~bs{lg uubi~u{ ul di~o`gu u {dx e`t{ `fubs klgkb~)

udlg' Df di~o`guùdlg d{ rg{rkkb{{fro/ uhb khdoe d{ for{hbe lru lf uhb }lic dg` id{k`ssd`mb' ]hdob uhbsb `sb i`gt {~lgu`gblr{ id{k`ssd`mb{/ }hbgbvbs

uhb id{k`ssd`mb d{ uhb sb{rou lf g bgvdslgibgu ksbùbe ct flsbdmg ebvdkb ls

khbidkò/ du d{ g sudfdkdòot dgerkbe id{k`ssd`mb/ }duh d{ dg f`ku g clsudlg'

Uhd{ d{ usrb bvbg df uhb iluhbs elb{ glu dgubge du/ d{ glu }`sb lf du h`~~bg)

dgm/ ge }lroe cb hlssdfdbe df {hb }bsb'



33

Df uhb bicstl d{ {udoo vd`cob }hbg du sb`khb{ uhb rubsr{/ rgebsebvbo)l~ibgu lf uhb rubsdgb odgdgm k`r{be ct uhb ^doo ~sbvbgu{ di~o`guùdlg'

Uhb bicstl edb{ `ge uhb sbi`dg{ `sb ~`{{be òlgm dg uhb gbxu cobbedgm

b~d{leb }hdkh/ dgkdebguòot/ d{ glu ` usrb ibg{usrùdlg/ bvbg uhlrmh du d{

r{ròot ~bskbdvbe `{ {rkh';4

Lgb lf uhb uhdgm{ uhù {rs~sd{be ib dg it sb{b`skh }`{ uhù uhlrmh

i`gt sbkbgu {lrskb{ ub{udft ul uhb ^doo—{ `clsudvb k`~`kdut/ du h`{ cbbg }boo

b{u`cod{hbe fls uhsbb ebkèb{' Dg 0466 Es' @o`g Mruui`khbs/ flsibs edsbkuls

lf o`ggbe `sbguhlle/ {`de uhd{ clru uhb doo—{ bffbku lg uhb rubsdgb odgdgm:

Uhb `~~b`s`gkb lf uhb bgelibusdri edffbs{ {l i`sabeot fsli ` gls)

iò ~sbibg{usrò bgelibusdri uhù lgb elrcu{ du klroe {r~~lsu di~o`gu`)udlg lf ` fbsudodzbe bmm'5>

Uhb flool}dgm gdgb {lrskb{ sb oo fsli uhb 04=>{' (Abb~ dg idge uhù

uhb ubsi ‟co`{ulkt{u’ sbfbs{ ul uhb gb}ot)klgkbdvbe hri`g cbdgm―‟du’ d{

glu ` uhdgm/ cru ` ~bs{lg/ ` ‟hb’ ls ‟{hb'’$

Es' E`gdbo S' Id{hboo lf uhb R[K [khllo lf Ibedkdgb {`de/

Frsuhbsilsb/ Quhb klicdgùdlg ~doo{Y òubs uhb bgelibusdri {l uhù

mo`gero`s ~slerkudlg lf motklmbg d{ edidgd{hbe `ge ob{{ bgbsmt d{ `v`do)`cob fls uhb co`{ulkt{u ul {rsvdvb dg uhb rubsdgb k`vdut'50

Es' J' Sdkh`se Kslru/ ~sb{debgu lf uhb Flle `ge Esrm @eidgd{usùdlg

(FE@$/ {`de uhd{ lf klicdgùdlg cdsuh klguslo ~doo{:

Frgeìbguòot/ uhb{b ~doo{ uàb lvbs uhb ibg{usrò ktkob fsli uhb

glsiò bgelksdgb ibkh`gd{i{' @ge dg {l eldgm uhbt dghdcdu lvroùdlg `ge

kh`gmb uhb kh`s`kubsd{udk{ lf uhb rubsr{ {l uhù du d{ glu sbkb~udvb ul `

fbsudodzbe bmm'53

Dg 04=>/ J' ^bbo `ge I' ^luu{—{ Ubxuclla lf Klgus`kb~udvb ^s`kudkb

`kagl}obembe uhd{:

Dg èedudlg ul du{ `kudlg lg uhb ~durdu`st)lv`sd`g `xd{ uhb klicdg`)

udlg ~slerku{ QCK^{Y ò{l òubs uhb kh`s`kubs lf uhb kbsvdkò irkr{/ iledft

uhb urcò us`g{~lsu lf uhb bmm ge i`t h`vb g bffbku lg uhb bgelibusdriul iàb di~o`guùdlg rgodabot'5;

Dg uhbds clla Lvroùdlg dg uhb Hri`g/ ^' M' Ksl{dmg`gd `ge E' S'Id{hboo {uùbe uhù cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ ‟`ffbku uhb bgelibusdri/ sberkdgmmotklmbg ~slerkudlg ct uhb bgelibusdò mo`ge{ }hdkh d{ gbkb{{`st ul

{r~~lsu uhb co`{ulkt{u'’55

Uhb H`geclla lf Lc{ubusdk{ & Mtgbklolmt/ uhbg ` {u`ge`se sbfbs)

bgkb }lsa/ {uùb{/



3;

Uhb klicdgùdlg ~doo…d{ bffbkudvb cbk`r{b OH sbob`{b d{ colkabe

`ge lvroùdlg elb{ glu lkkrs1 urcò iludodut d{ òubsbe `ge fbsudodzùdlg

d{ di~bebe1 bgelibusdò iùrsùdlg d{ iledfdbe {l uhù di~o`gu`)

udlg d{ rgodabot1 `ge kbsvdkò irkr{ d{ uhdkabgbe `ge {~bsi idmsùdlg

colkabe'52

Glub uhù dg uhd{ k`{b flrs ibkh`gd{i{ sb ibgudlgbe/ dgkoredgm urcòiludodut/ }hdkh }b }doo eesb{{ oùbs' Glub o{l uhù ~sbvbgudlg lf di~o`gu`)

udlg d{ od{ube cbflsb uhb ~sbvbgudlg lf klgkb~udlg ct uhb uhdkabgbe kbsvdkò

irkr{'

Dg 04=4 {~lab{~bs{lg fls Lsuhl h`si`kbrudkò Kls~lsùdlg/ {uùbe/

Uhb odgdgm lf uhb rubsr{ elb{ glu cbklib froot ebvbol~be {l uhù bvbg

df `g bmm elb{ sd~bg `ge d{ fbsudodzbe/ uhbsb d{ oduuob odabodhlle uhù du }lroe

cbklib di~o`gube'

56

Du }`{ glu jr{u lc{krsb ibedkò jlrsgò{ `ge ubxuclla{ }hdkh klg)

u`dgbe uhd{ dgflsiùdlg dg uhb =>—{' Uhb ~l~ro`s i`m`zdgb Kh`gmdgm Udib{

bx~o`dgbe/ ‟Uhb ~doo i`t `ffbku uhb ilvbibgu lf uhb fbsudodzbe bmm ul}`se

uhb rubsr{ ls ~sbvbgu du fsli dicbeedgm du{bof dg uhb rubsdgb odgdgm'’5=

Odab}d{b/ uhb clla It Clet/ It Hbòuh {uùbe/

Dg ` gùrsò ktkob/ uhb rubsdgb odgdgm uhdkabg{ rgebs uhb dgforbgkb lf

b{uslmbg ersdgm uhb fds{u ~`su lf uhb ktkob/ `ge uhbg iùrsb{ rgebs uhbdgforbgkb lf cluh ~slmb{ubslgb `ge b{uslmbg `fubs lvroùdlg' Uhd{ ebvbol~)

ibgu {bprbgkb d{ glu ~l{{dcob ersdgm ` ^doo ktkob cbk`r{b cluh ~slmb{udg

`ge b{uslmbg `sb ~sb{bgu uhslrmhlru uhb ktkob' Bvbg df lvroùdlg `ge klg)

kb~udlg ede lkkrs/ {rkkb{{fro di~o`guùdlg }lroe cb rgodabot'58

Df il{u ~slodfbs{ h`vb cbbg {ol} ul kùkh lg ul uhd{ b{u`cod{hbe ibed)

kò agl}obemb (D kbsu`dgot h`vb cbbg$/ i`gt ~sl`clsudlgd{u{ sb froot }`sblf du' Dg Fbcsr`st 0443/ }sdudgm dg l~~l{dudlg ul ` Olrd{d`g` o`} c`ggdgm

`clsudlg/ Uro`gb O`} [khllo ^slfb{{ls Sruh Kloabs }slub/

Cbk`r{b gb`sot òo cdsuh klguslo ebvdkb{/ bxkb~u uhb ed`~hs`mi

`ge klgeli/ l~bsùb cbu}bbg uhb udib lf klgkb~udlg…`gedi~o`guùdlg…uhb {uùrub }lroe `~~b`s ul c`g il{u klgus`kb~udvb{'54

Kloabs sbfbssbe ul òo uhl{b ibuhle{/ dgkoredgm uhb ^doo/ }hdkh {lib)

udib{ ~sbvbgu di~o`guùdlg'

[dido`sot/ ùulsgbt Fs`ga [r{{i`g/ sb~sb{bgudgm Id{{lrsd @clsudlg

Kodgdk{/ `smrbe cbflsb uhb [r~sbib Klrsu dg 0484 uhù ‟Uhb il{u kliilg

flsi{ lf…klgus`kb~udlg ule`t/ DRE{ ge ol})el{b cdsuh klguslo ~doo{…`ku`{ `clsudf`kdbgu{'’2>



35

Sbibicbs/ ct uhù udib oo ^doo{ }bsb ‟ol})el{b’ kli~`sbe ul uhb doo

lf uhb 6>—{ `ge =>—{' Dg f`ku/ 4=" }bsb ol})el{b bvbg ct sbkbgu {u`ge`se{/

dg uhù uhbt hè ob{{ uh`g fdfut idkslmsì{ lf b{uslmbg'

Uhb doo—{ cdodut ul ~sbvbgu di~o`guùdlg d{ {rkh }boo)b{u`cod{hbe agl}o)

bemb uhù uhb 0483 bedudlg lf uhb S`geli Hlr{b Kloobmb Edkudlg`st/ lg

~`mb 0;=/ kuròot ebfdgb{ ‟Cdsuh Klguslo doo’ { ‟`g lsò klgus`kb~udvb fls}libg uhù dghdcdu{ lvroùdlg/ fbsudodzùdlg/ ls di~o`guùdlg lf ` fbsudo)

dzbe lvri/ k`r{dgm ubi~ls`st dgfbsudodut'’ (D—i glu {rmmb{udgm/ lf klrs{b/

uhù S`geli Hlr{b ls gt edkudlg`st d{ g ruhlsduùdvb {lrskb' It ~ldgu d{

uhù uhb agl}obemb lf uhb ^doo—{ ~sbvbgudlg lf di~o`guùdlg d{ {l fdsiot b{)

u`cod{hbe uhù du k`g cb ~sb{bgube `{ {u`ge`se dgflsiùdlg dg ` hlr{bhloe

sbfbsbgkb clla'$

D flrge lg uhb ]lsoe ]deb ]bc ` gricbs lf {lrskb{ uhù sbklmgdzb

uhb `clsudvb ibkh`gd{i lf uhb ^doo' (@m`dg/ }bc {lrskb{ `sb glu `ruhlsdu`)udvb―it ~ldgu d{ ul ebilg{usùb }deb{~sbè }`sbgb{{ lf uhb doo—{ cls)

udvb ~sl~bsudb{'$ Fls dg{u`gkb/ ‟Lsò Klgus`kb~udvb{: Fsbprbguot @{abe Prb{)

udlg{/’ {`t{/ ‟Uhb klicdgbe lsò klgus`kb~udvb ~doo…di~beb{ di~o`gu`)

udlg lf g bmm dgul uhb bgelibusdri (rubsdgb odgdgm$ cbk`r{b du kh`gmb{uhù odgdgm'’20

Fls tb`s{ ~sl`clsudlgd{u{ h`vb smrbe uhù df uhb Hri`g Odfb @ibge)

ibgu/ }hdkh sbklmgdzb{ b`kh hri`g odfb cbmdg{ u klgkb~udlg/ }`{ ul cb ~ru

dgul o`}/ uhd{ }lroe obè ul uhb c`ggdgm lf cluh uhb DRE `ge uhb ^doo' ]hbghb`sdgm uhd{ D r{be ul uhdga/ ‟Uhbt—sb id{sb~sb{bgudgm uhb f`ku{ ge mduùdgm

~bl~ob ct ~sbubgedgm uhb ^doo }lroe cb jbl~`sedzbe ct uhb HO@'’

D sbòdzb gl} uhù }hdob uhbds ~ldgu }`{ ul `mduùb ~bl~ob `m`dg{u uhb

Hri`g Odfb @ibgeibgu/ uhbt }bsb `kuròot klssbku dg {`tdgm uhù df uhb

ìbgeibgu }`{ ~`{{be ge uàbg {bsdlr{ot/ uhb doo—{ obmòdut }lroe cb jbl~)

`sedzbe' Uhbt gbvbs ko`dibe klgeli{ ls ed`~hs`mi{ }lroe cb ièb doobmò

ct uhb Hri`g Odfb @ibgeibgu' ]ht< Cbk`r{b }hbg uhbt }lsa/ uhl{b ibuh)

le{ sb 0>>" klgus`kb~udvb{―uhbt gbvbs k`r{b clsudlg{' Du—{ cbk`r{b uhbtagl} uhù uhb doo {libudib{ ~sbvbgu{ di~o`guùdlg uhù clsudlg èvlkùb{

klroe hlgb{uot ko`di uhù `g ìbgeibgu {uùdgm hri`g odfb cbmdg{ ù klg)

kb~udlg }lroe bffbkudvbot klgebig uhb doo'

Lgb lf uhb il{u kliilg id{klgkb~udlg{ clru uhb doo d{ uhù du{ {rk)

kb{{ dg ~sbvbgudgm ed{kbsgdcob ~sbmg`gkt d{ bgudsbot erb ul du{ {rkkb{{ dg

~sbvbgudgm lvroùdlg' Dg f`ku/ df ` {bxròot `kudvb `ge fbsudob }li`g uàdgm

uhb ^doo elb{ glu mbu ~sbmg`gu dg 4=" lf hbs ktkob{ du elb{ glu ib`g {hb

edeg—u lvroùb dg 4=" lf hbs ktkob{'

Dg i`gt lf hbs ktkob{ uhb {ìb }li`g }lroe glu h`vb mluubg ~sbmg`gu

bvbg df {hb }`{g—u r{dgm uhb ^doo' Frsuhbsilsb/ df uhb ^doo—{ {bklge ibkh`)

gd{i }lsa{/ klgkb~udlg }doo cb ~sbvbgube eb{~dub lvroùdlg uàdgm ~o`kb' Df



32

uhb {bklge ibkh`gd{i f`do{/ uhbg uhb uhdse ibkh`gd{i klib{ dgul ~o`t' ]hdob

du i`t f`do ull/ bvbst udib du {rkkbbe{ du }doo klgusdcrub ul uhb ^doo—{ ~bs)

kbdvbe klgus`kb~udvb bffbkudvbgb{{' Uhù d{/ cbk`r{b uhb khdoe d{ gb}ot)klg)

kbdvbe ge udgt/ ge uhb ~sbmg`gkt h`{ jr{u cbmrg {dx e`t{ b`sodbs/ uhù ~sbm)

g`gkt }doo glu cb ed{kbsgdcob ul uhb }li`g' Uhbsbflsb bvbst udib du k`r{b{

`g `clsudlg uhb ^doo }doo cb uhlrmhu ul h`vb {rkkbbebe `{ ` klgus`kb~)udvb' Il{u }libg }doo `{{rib du h`{ {ul~~be uhbi fsli lvroùdgm bvbg

}hbg du h`{g—u' Uhd{ door{dlg sbdgflskb{ uhb ~rcodk—{ klgfdebgkb dg uhb ^doo—{

bffbkudvbgb{{/ }duh gl rgebs{u`gedgm uhù cluh lvroùdlg `ge klgkb~udlg i`t

h`vb dg f`ku glu cbbg ~sbvbgube ù òo'

Dg hd{ sudkob ‟Lv`sd`g floodkob{ ersdgm lsò klgus`kb~udvb ktkob{: uhbds

~lubgudò fls lvroùdlg/’ Es' [ub~hbg Adoodka {`t{/ ‟Du d{ }boo b{u`cod{hbe

uhù gb}bs/ ol}bs)el{b sbmdib{ lf klicdgbe lsò klgus`kb~udvb (LK$ uhbs`~t

el glu kli~obubot {r~~sb{{ ~durdu`st ge lv`sd`g frgkudlg'’23

Es' E`vde [ubsg{/ dg Hl} uhb ^doo `ge uhb DRE ]lsa: Mìcodgm }duh

Odfb/’ {uùb{ uhù ‟bvbg uhb b`sot ~doo flsiroùdlg{ (}hdkh }bsb irkh ilsb

odabot ul {r~~sb{{ lvroùdlg erb ul uhbds hdmhbs el{b{ lf b{uslmbg$ {udoo ò)

ol}be csbàuhslrmh lvroùdlg ul lkkrs 0 ul ;" lf uhb udib'’2; Hb kdub{ `g

`}`se }dggdgm {uret ct Erukh mtgbklolmd{u Es' Gdgb V`g ebs V`gmb dg

}hdkh {hb ed{klvbsbe dg ^doo)uàbs{ ‟~sllf lf lvroùdlg c`{be lg rous`){lrge bxì{ `ge hlsilgò dgedkùls{ lkkrssbe dg `clru 5'=" lf uhb

ktkob{ {uredbe'’25

D lcu`dgbe kl~t lf Es' V`g ebs V gmb—{ lsdmdgò {uret/ kòobe ‟Lv`)

sd`g `kudvdut ersdgm ol} el{b lsò klgus`kb~udvb{/’ dg }hdkh {hb klgkoreb{/

Uhb{b fdgedgm{ dgedkùb uhù lv`sd`g {r~~sb{{dlg d{ f`s fsli kli)

~obub }duh uhb ol} el{b LK…Floodkro`s ebvbol~ibgu }`{ flrge dg ` hdmh

~bskbgu`mb ersdgm ol})el{b LK r{b…lv`sd`g `kudvdut d{ vbst kliilg fls

uhb ol} el{b LK ~sb~`sùdlg{…uhb ileb lf `kudlg lf uhb{b LK d{ glu lgot

c`{be lg lvroùdlg dghdcdudlg/ cru luhbs f`kuls{ `sb dgvlovbe {rkh `{ kbs)

vdkò irkr{/ v`mdgò ~H `ge kli~l{dudlg lf uhb bgelibusdri'22

Uhd{ ib`g{ uhù uhlrmh ` }li`g idmhu glu mbu ib`{rs`cot ~sbmg`gu

dg 4=" lf hbs ktkob ilguh{/ uhbsb d{ {di~ot gl }`t ul uboo hl} lfubg uhb

^doo h`{ `kuròot ~sbvbgube hbs lvroùdlg' Mdvbg uhb f`ku {hb }lroe glu

mbu ~sbmg`gu dg i`gt ilguh{ bvbg df {hb lvroùbe/ ge uhù uhbsb sb u ob`{u

u}l luhbs ibkh`gd{i{ }hdkh k`g ~sbvbgu ib`{rs`cob ~sbmg`gkt―lgb klg)

us`kb~udvb `ge uhb luhbs `clsudvb―` 4=" `~~`sbgu bffbkudvbgb{{ sùb lf uhb

^doo idmhu ib`g ` f`s ol}bs bffbkudvbgb{{ dg `kuròot ~sbvbgudgm lvroùdlg'Uhlrmh }b k`g—u agl} bx`kuot hl} irkh ol}bs/ du idmhu cb =>)4>" sùb'

Uhb luhbs 0=)3=" (uhb{b gricbs{ sb ~dkabe u s`geli {dgkb }b el glu agl}$

lf uhb doo—{ ‟bffbkudvbgb{{’ klroe cb erb ul klicdgùdlg lf uhb glsiò sùb{ lf

glg~sbmg`gkt/ uhb uhdkabgdgm lf uhb kbsvdkò irkr{ `ge―ù uhb hb`su lf lrs

klgkbsg hbsb―uhb bgelibusdri—{ dghl{~duòdut ul uhb gb}ot)klgkbdvbe khdoe'



36

Bgelibusdò uhdkagb{{ d{ glu uhb lgot klg{debsùdlg' Uhbsb `sb ` v`sd)

but lf hlsilgò f`kuls{ uhù l~bsùb dg klgjrgkudlg }duh bgelibusdò ~slodf)

bsùdlg' Es' ]doa{ bx~o`dg{ ‟uhb ~slkb{{ lf di~o`guùdlg/ sùhbs uh`g cbdgm

`g kkdebguò bvbgu eb~bgebgu lg kh`gkb/ d{ dg f`ku iroud)f`kulsdò/ k`{kè)

dgm cdl)ilobkro`s/ ~ht{dlolmdkò `ge hlsilgò bvbgu'’26 @ ‟hlsilgò ed`)

olmrb’ lkkrs{ cbu}bbg hbòuht bgelibusdri ge uhb gb}ot)klgkbdvbe khdoe'(D sbfbs ul uhd{ bo{b}hbsb dg uhd{ clla'$

Gl lgb d{ dg ` cbuubs ~l{dudlg ul èesb{{ uhb prb{udlg lf hl} cdsuh

klguslo ~doo{ }lsa uh`g uhb kli~`gdb{ uhù ~slerkb uhbi' Dg uhd{ {bkudlg D

prlub fsli uhbds iùbsdò{ ge sbklrgu klgvbs{ùdlg{ }duh sb~sb{bguùdvb{ lf

v`sdlr{ ^doo i`grf`kursbs{'

D `{abe ` mlle fsdbge `ge bxkboobgu ~slodfb ~ht{dkd`g ul kòo ` cdsuh

klguslo ~doo i`grf`kursbs klgkbsgdgm uhb {uùbibgu{ dg uhbds dg{bsu{' Hb klg)

u`kube [b`sob/ }hl{b ~`ka`mb dg{bsu fls uhb ~doo Ebirobg/ {`t{ ‟òubsùdlg{dg uhb…bgelibusdri (}hdkh i`t sberkb uhb odabodhlle lf di~o`gu`)

udlg$ i`t o{l klgusdcrub ul uhb klgus`kb~udvb bffbkudvbgb{{'’ (Glub uhù[b`sob u}dkb r{b{ uhb ubsi ‟i`t/’ dg klgus`{u ul Lsuhl ge ]tbuh/ }hdkh dg

uhbds dgflsiùdlg dg uhb ÊS {uùb uhb {ìb bffbku `{ ` f`ku sùhbs uh`g `

~l{{dcdodut'$

Hbsb d{ ~`su lf ` obuubs eùbe Fbcsr`st 0;/ 044=/ }sduubg ct C`sc`s`

[usruhbs{/ [b`sob—{ Edsbkuls lf Hbòuhk`sb Dgflsiùdlg [bsvdkb{/ ul it ~slodfb

~ht{dkd`g fsdbge:

Uh`ga tlr fls tlrs sbkbgu sbprb{u fls dgflsiùdlg sbm`sedgm }hbuhbs

lsò klgus`kb~udvb{ `sb `clsudf`kdbgu{…Lgb lf uhb ~l{{dcob ibkh`gd{i{od{ube dg uhb o`cbodgm d{ ‟kh`gmb{ dg uhb bgelibusdri }hdkh i`t sberkb

uhb odabodhlle lf di~o`guùdlg'’ Uhd{ d{ ` uhblsbudkò ibkh`gd{i lgot`ge d{ glu c`{be r~lg bx~bsdibguò bvdebgkb/ cru r~lg uhb hd{ulolmdk

`~~b`s`gkb lf uhb bgelibusdri' Hl}bvbs/ `{ glube ct Mloezdbhbs/ uhb

òubsbe bgelibusdri d{ {udoo k`~`cob lf {r{u`dgdgm gdeùdlg/ `{ {hl}g ct

~sbmg`gkdb{ lkkrssdgm dg ktkob{ }duh lgot ` fb} ls gl u`cobu lid{{dlg{'2=

Es' [usruhbs{ (^hE$ iàb{ ` vòde ~ldgu uhù uhb ^doo—{ bffbku{ lg uhb

bgelibusdri el glu ò}`t{ iàb di~o`guùdlg di~l{{dcob' Cru dg it sb)

{b`skh D—vb gbvbs flrge `gtlgb }hl ko`di{ uhbt ò}`t{ el' Uhb d{{rb d{

}hbuhbs uhbt {libudib{ el' Ul cb `g `clsudf`kdbgu elb{ glu sbprdsb uhù{libuhdgm ò}`t{ k`r{b `g `clsudlg/ lgot uhù du {libudib{ elb{'

Dg f`ku/ }hbuhbs du—{ SR)586/ Gls~o`gu/ Eb~l)^slvbs`/ uhb Idgd)~doo

ls uhb ^doo/ uhbsb d{ gl khbidkò uhù ò}`t{ k`r{b{ `g `clsudlg' Uhbsb `sb



3=

lgot uhl{b uhù el {l gbvbs/ {libudib{/ lfubg ge r{ròot' Khdoesbg }hl ~o`t

lg uhb fsbb}`t/ kodic lg uhb sllf ls sb obfu olgb ct {}diidgm ~llo{ elg—u

ò}`t{ edb/ cru uhd{ h`seot ~slvb{ uhb{b ~s`kudkb{ sb {`fb ge gbvbs sb{rou dg

fùòdudb{' Uhr{/ uhb ~ldgu uhù uhb doo elb{g—u o}`t{ ~sbvbgu di~o`guùdlg d{

usrb/ cru h`{ gl cb`sdgm lg uhb prb{udlg lf }hbuhbs du {libudib{ ~sbvbgu{

di~o`guùdlg/ `{ {rmmb{ube ct [b`sob—{ l}g odubsùrsb'Es' [usruhbs{ mlb{ lg ul {`t/ ‟Du d{ rgodabot uhù LK{ }lroe ebksb`{b

uhb odabodhlle lf bgelibusdò di~o`guùdlg/ ~`sudkro`sot }hbg lgb `~~sbkd)

ùb{ uhù uhb co`{ulkt{u d{ ~bsfbkuot k`~`cob lf di~o`gudgm dg v`sdlr{ ‘hl{udob—

{dub{/ b'm' uhb fòol~d`g urcb/ uhb lv`st/ uhb ~bsdulgbri'’

Hbs ~ldgu d{ uhù uhb khdoe {libudib{ di~o`gu{ dg uhb }slgm ~o`kb' Usrb

bglrmh―cru/ `m`dg/ gl lgb d{ {`tdgm uhd{ elb{g—u h`~~bg' Uhb prb{udlg d{

}hbuhbs uhb doo {libudib{ hdgebs{ uhb khdoe—{ cdodut ul di~o`gu dg uhb sdmhu

~o`kb' ]hbuhbs uhb khdoe di~o`gu{ dg uhb }slgm ~o`kb ls f`do{ ul di~o`gu dguhb sdmhu lgb/ uhb sb{rou d{ uhb {ìb―ebùh' Cru dg uhb fds{u k`{b ` hri`g

`mbgu elb{ glu k`r{b uhb ebùh' Dg uhb {bklge k`{b/ du elb{―ct r{b lf uhb

^doo'

Es' [usruhbs{ uhbg {`t{/ ‟R{be `{ edsbkube/ uhb hlsilgb obvbo dg ile)

bsg LK{ d{ {di~ot ull ol} ul k`r{b dgubskb~udlg/ uhù d{/ f`dorsb lf uhb co`{ul)

kt{u ul di~o`gu'’

Df uhd{ d{ usrb/ uhbg }ht elb{ uhb kli~`gt—{ l}g odubsùrsb―~slerkbe

ct uhbds sb{b`skhbs{ ge {rciduube ul uhb FE@/ uhb ibedkò kliirgdut/ geuhb ~rcodk―{rmmb{u uhb klgus`st< @ge }ht el elzbg{ ge elzbg{ lf {kdbg)

udfdk `ge ibedkò {lrskb{ ebfdgdudvbot {uùb uhb klgus`st< Df Es' [usruhbs{ d{

sdmhu/ glu jr{u {lib cru òo lf uhb{b luhbs {lrskb{ h`vb ul cb }slgm'

Es' [usruhbs{ frsuhbs {uùb{/ ‟Rgudo uhb co`{ulkt{u di~o`gu{…uhbsb }lroe

cb gl ol{{ lf `g bicstl `ge/ uhbsbflsb/ gl `clsudlg' Uhr{/ uhb uhblsbudkò

ibkh`gd{i lf sberkbe odabodhlle lf di~o`guùdlg ct }hùbvbs ib`g{ }lroe

glu cb klg{debsbe g clsudlg ct gt cdlolmdkò ebfdgdudlg'’

Du d{ hbsb uhù hbs ~sb{r~~l{dudlg{ cbklib kob`s' H`vdgm {`de di~o`gu`)udlg }lg—u cb ~sbvbgube/ {hb uhbg {`t{ bvbg df du d{/ uhb sb{rou d{g—u sbòot `g

`clsudlg' Uhd{ {uùbibgu d{ ~slflrge cluh dg du{ csbèuh `ge du{ dg`kkrs`kt'

Du—{ ko`{{dk olmdk)ko`{{)door{usùdlg lf f`rout sb`{lgdgm' Du—{ odab {`tdgm ‟[re)

ebg Dgf`gu Ebùh [tgeslib elb{ glu `ffbku uleeobs{1 uhbsbflsb/ du elb{ glu

dgvlovb uhb ebùh{ lf hri`g cbdgm{'’ [rkh {uùbibgu {{rib{ f`ku{ glu dg

bvdebgkb: uhù dgf`gu{ `sb glu ~bl~ob cbk`r{b uhbt `sb ~sb)uleeobs{' Dg bx)

`kuot uhb {ìb }`t Es' [usruhbs{ {{rib{―}duhlru lffbsdgm gt bvdebgkb―

uhù ~sb)bicstl hri`g cbdgm{ sb glu sbòot hri`g cbdgm{'

Cru df hri`g odfb elb{ cbmdg u klgkb~udlg/ }hdkh d{ uhb lvbs}hboidgm

cdlolmdkò klg{bg{r{/ uhbg k`r{dgm uhb ebùh lf ` ‟co`{ulkt{u’ d{ jr{u `{irkh `g `clsudlg `{ k`r{dgm uhb ebùh (ls `{ {hb ~ru{ du/ ‟ol{{’$ lf `g

‟bicstl'’ Uhb e`t{)loe dgedvderò d{ ` {iòobs `ge tlrgmbs ~bs{lg uh`g

uhb bicstl/ cru hb ls {hb d{ gl ob{{ ` ~bs{lg dg uhb {dmhu lf Mle }hl ksbùbe



38

hdi' ^bl~ob el glu mbu ilsb hri`g `{ uhbt mbu loebs `ge cdmmbs―df uhbt

ede/ uleeobs{ }lroe cb ilsb hri`g uh`g dgf`gu{/ èlob{kbgu{ ilsb hri`g

uh`g uleeobs{/ erou{ ilsb hri`g uh`g elob{kbgu{ ge ~slfb{{dlgò c`{abu)

còo ~o`tbs{ ilsb hri`g uh`g `gtlgb'

Es' [usruhbs{ {`t{ uhb ‟sberkbe odabodhlle lf di~o`guùdlg ct }hù)

bvbs ib`g{ }lroe glu cb klg{debsbe `g `clsudlg ct `gt cdlolmdkò ebfdgd)udlg'’ Uhd{ {uùbibgu d{ rg{kdbgudfdk dg uhb bxusbib' Uhb cdlolmdkò ebfdgdudlg

{hb dmglsb{ d{ glu jr{u {lib lc{krsb ebfdgdudlg lf odfb/ cru uhb ~sbkd{b ebfdgd)

udlg }hdkh uhb v`{u i`jlsdut lf {kdbgud{u{/ dgkoredgm cdlolmd{u{/ kuròot hloe

ul―uhù odfb cbmdg{ ù klgkb~udlg' ([bb @~~bgedx C: ]hbg Elb{ Hri`gOdfb Cbmdg< Uhb @g{}bs lf [kdbgkb'$ @g b`sot `clsudlg d{ {udoo `g `cls)

udlg/ ge gl {bi`gudk{ kh`gmb uhd{ sbòdut/ bvbg df uhbt i`g`mb ul lc{krsb du'

Uhb obuubs fsli Es' [usruhbs{ kbsu`dgot klgu`dg{ {lib vòde dgflsi`)

udlg òlgm }duh uhb dgvòde' Cru hl} {bsdlr{ot k`g }b uàb du{ cluuli)odgbklgkor{dlg{ uhù uhb ^doo d{ glu `g `clsudf`kdbgu< D {hl}be hbs obuubs ul lgb

~ht{dkd`g }hl uloe ib ` ‟hbòuhk`sb dgflsiùdlg {bsvdkb{ edsbkuls’ d{ `

~rcodk sboùdlg{ ~l{dudlg }duh uhb ~sdi`st jlc lf idgdidzdgm klguslvbs{t/

ebgtdgm coìb/ ~ruudgm lru fdsb{/ `ge `vldedgm `gt cè ~rcodkdut fls ~sle)

rku{/ cluh }duh ~ht{dkd`g{ `ge uhb mbgbsò ~rcodk' ^bsh`~{ uhd{ `{{b{{ibgu

}`{ rgf`ds―D elg—u agl}' Cru `fubs sbèdgm hbs obuubs D ebubsidgbe ul ~bs)

{lgòot kòo uhb sb{b`skh ls ibedkò dgflsiùdlg eb~`suibgu{ lf òo uhb i`jls

cdsuh klguslo i`grf`kursbs{ ge hb`s fls it{bof }hù b`kh lf uhbi hè ul {`t']hbg D kòobe [tgubx/ uhbt dgflsibe ib uhù oo uhbds ‟fbidgdgb ~sle)

rku{/’ dgkoredgm uhb ^doo/ hè sbkbguot cbbg ~rskh`{be ct [b`sob' [l D kòobe

[b`sob—{ kr{ulibs {bsvdkb odgb/ debgudfdbe it{bof ct gìb/ ge }`{ {abe ul

bx~o`dg it prb{udlg' ]hbg D {`de uhù du sboùbe ul uhb ^doo—{ ibkh`gd{i lf

~sbvbgudgm di~o`guùdlg/ uhb ~bs{lg hbo~dgm ib (}hl edeg—u debgudft hbs{bof$

cbkìb ed{kbsgdcot rgb`{t' [hb {abe ib }hl D }`{/ {l D m`vb hbs it gìb

`m`dg' Uhbg {hb `{abe ib ul }`du }hdob {hb klgfbssbe }duh hbs kloob`mrb{'

@fubs {bvbsò idgrub{ {hb mlu c`ka lg uhb odgb `ge {`de ‟Es' [usruhbs{ }dooh`vb ul uòa ul tlr `clru uhd{/ `ge {hb—{ glu dg'’

[dgkb Es' [usruhbs{ }`{ rg`v`do`cob/ D `{abe uhb }li`g df {hb klroe

lffbs ib `gt mrde`gkb' [hb {`de/ rgb`{dgb{{ bvdebgu/ ‟Ct `gt kh`gkb `sb

tlr `{adgm `clru uhd{ fls sbodmdlr{ sb`{lg{<’ D {`de/ ‟Tb{/ uhù—{ ~`su lf du'’

[hb {`de/ ‟]boo/ D k`g uboo tlr uhù lrs ~doo{ `sb glu `clsudf`kdbgu{'’ D `{abe

‟uhbg }ht elb{ tlrs ~slfb{{dlgò o`cbodgm uòa `clru uhb ^doo sberkdgm uhb

odabodhlle lf di~o`guùdlg<’ [hb {`de/ ‟D k`g—u g{}bs uhù prb{udlg' Tlr—oo

h`vb ul uòa ul Es' [usruhbs{'’ D obfu it gricbs/ cru Es' [usruhbs{ gbvbs

kòobe ib c`ka'

Gbxu D kòobe Lsm`glg/ uhb iàbs lf uhb cdsuh klguslo ~doo Eb{lmbg'

@fubs bx~o`dgdgm it prb{udlg `clru uhbds odubsùrsb uhù {`t{ uhb ^doo



34

{libudib{ ~sbvbgu{ di~o`guùdlg/ D }`{ us`g{fbssbe ul Bsdg dg ibedkò {bs)

vdkb{' [hb dgflsibe ib ‟uhb doo—{ ~sdi`st ibkh`gd{i d{ ~sbvbgudgm lvro`)

udlg'’ @fubs it flool})r~ prb{udlg/ {hb {`de/ ‟Uhb luhbs ibkh`gd{i{ ò{l

h`~~bg/ cru uhbt—sb {bklge`st'’ ]hbg D {abe hl} lfubg uhb ~sdi`st ibkh`)

gd{i f`do{ `ge uhb {bklge`st ibkh`gd{i{ adka dg/ {hb {`de ‟uhbsb—{ gl }`t

ul ebubsidgb uhb gricbs lf udib{ }hdkh h`~~bg{ ge }hdkh elb{g—u'’Sbèdgm cbu}bbg uhb odgb{/ Bsdg {`de/ ‟Df tlr—sb `{adgm df du—{ `g

`clsudf`kdbgu…Q~`r{bY’ D dgubsjbkube/ ‟Tb{/ D i'’ [hb klgudgrbe/ ‟…uhù—{

edffdkrou ul bvbs {`t uhù'’ [hb eebe/ ‟]hù h`~~bg{ d{/ df lvroùdlg lkkrs{/

uhb ^doo }doo uhdkabg uhb irkr{ `ge uhdg uhb bgelibusdri {l uhù duelb{g—u òol} uhù ~sbmg`gkt'’ [hb prdkaot èebe/ ‟cru du—{ glu odab uhb

DRE'’ D rgebs{ulle hbs ul ib`g uhù ~sbvbgudgm di~o`guùdlg d{ uhb ~sdi`st

frgkudlg lf uhb DRE/ }hbsb`{ du d{ lgot ` {bklge`st frgkudlg lf uhb doo'

]tbuh)@tbs{u O`c{ d{ uhb iàbs lf {dx klicdgùdlg doo{' D kòobe ge

{~lab }duh ibedkò dgflsiùdlg kllsedgùls gìbe @esd`ggb' D sbè ul hbs

uhb ~slfb{{dlgò o`cbodgm lf uhbds ^doo{ uhù {`t{ ‟luhbs òubsùdlg{ dgkoreb

kh`gmb{…dg uhb bgelibusdri (}hdkh sberkb uhb odabodhlle lf di~o`guùdlg$'’

D `{abe df {hb agb} hl} lfubg uhb ^doo ~sbvbgu{ di~o`guùdlg'

Lgkb `m`dg du cbkìb lcvdlr{ uhù D }`{ ~slodfb/ ~sb{ri`cot cbk`r{b

gl lgb cru ` ~slodfbs }lroe k`sb `clru uhd{ d{{rb' @esd`ggb sbè ul ib `~sdgube {uùbibgu uhù {`de ‟uhb{b ibkh`gd{i{ `sb glu `clsudf`kdbgu dg g`)

ursb'’ [hb k`sbfroot bx~o`dgbe uhù dghdcdudgm lvroùdlg `ge uhdkabgdgm uhb

kbsvdkò irkr{ }bsb klgus`kb~udvb/ glu clsudvb' Lf klrs{b/ D msbbe 0>>"'

[hb uhbg {`de/ sbèdgm fsli uhb {uùbibgu dg fslgu lf hbs/ ‟}hdob du d{ usrb uhù

~slmb{udg{ el òubs uhb rubsdgb odgdgm/ uhd{ d{ glu klg{debsbe ` klgus`kb~udvb

`kudlg lf uhb{b ibuhle{' Uhb f`ku uhù uhb{b ibuhle{ sb glu 0>>" bffbkudvb

`ge {rkkb{{fro ~sbmg`gkdb{ h`vb lkkrssbe kob`sot ebilg{usùb uhù {rkkb{{)

fro di~o`guùdlg{ k`g lkkrs'’Lvbs uhb flool}dgm ubg idgrub{/ @esd`ggb ab~u uòadgm `clru uhb fds{u

u}l ibkh`gd{i{' D ab~u `{adgm `clru uhb uhdse' Fdgòot {hb {`de/ ‟Tb{/ uhù

Qdgubsfbsdgm }duh di~o`guùdlgY lkkrs{/ cru du elb{g—u ~sbvbgu ~sbmg`gkt'’ D

uhlrmhu/ uhù—{ usrb/ du elb{g—u ~sbvbgu ` ~sbmg`gkt/ du `kuròot bge{ ` ~sbm)

g`gkt/ cru D agb} uhù }`{g—u }hù {hb ib`gu' D uhbg sbfbssbe hbs c`ka ul

]tbuh—{ ~slfb{{dlgò o`cbodgm `ge ~ldgube lru lgkb ilsb uhb uhdse ibkh`)

gd{i' [hb flool}be olgm }duh hbs kl~t `ge {`de/ ‟Uhù uhdse bffbku h`~~bg{/

cru du—{ glu klg{debsbe ` klgus`kb~udvb `kudlg/ cbk`r{b {libudib{ du f`do{ ul

~sbvbgu ~sbmg`gkt'’

Lf klrs{b/ {hb hè osbèt kagl}obembe uhù {libudib{ uhb doo f`do{

ul ~sbvbgu lvroùdlg `ge {libudib{ uhb uhdkabgbe kbsvdkò irkr{ f`do{ ul

~sbvbgu uhb {~bsi fsli fbsudodzdgm uhb bmm' Dg uhb {ìb }`t ` vd{dcob ~sbm)

g`gkt ~slvb{ uhb uhdse ibkh`gd{i h`{ f`dobe/ du ~slvb{ uhb luhbs u}l



;>

ibkh`gd{i{ h`vb o{l f`dobe' Tbu uhbt `sb {udoo klg{debsbe ul cb sbò ibkh`)

gd{i{ lf uhb ^doo/ eb{~dub uhb f`ku uhbt {libudib{ f`do' ]ht {hlroeg—u uhb

uhdse bffbku cb usbùbe uhb {ìb }`t<

D {`de/ ‟@kklsedgm ul tlrs ~slfb{{dlgò o`cbodgm/ {libudib{ tlrs doo{

el ~sbvbgu ` fbsudodzbe bmm fsli di~o`gudgm―d{ uhù klssbku ls dgklssbku<’

[hb ~`r{be fls ` vbst olgm udib `ge D hb`se ~`~bs{ {hrffodgm' Fdgòot {hb{`de/ ‟Tb{/ uhù—{ klssbku/ cru glu ò}`t{…uhù—{ }ht }b k`g—u {`t klgus`)

kb~udvb{ `sb 0>>" bffbkudvb'’

D {`de/ ‟La`t/ obu ib ust ul {rii`sdzb/ `ge ~ob`{b klssbku ib df D—i

}slgm' Uhbsb `sb uhsbb edffbsbgu }`t{ uhb ^doo l~bsùb{' +0 r{ròot }lsa{'

]hbg +0 f`do{/ +3 i`t }lsa' ]hbg +0 `ge +3 f`do/ +; i`t }lsa' @ge

{libudib{ òo uhsbb f`do'’

[hb {`de ‟Tb{/ uhù—{ klssbku'’ [hb lffbsbe ul {bge ib dgflsiùdlg ct

i`do/ ge D moèot kkb~ube uhb lffbs' (D hè `{abe [b`sob ge Lsuhl ul el uhd{cru uhbt {`de uhbt edeg—u h`vb `gtuhdgm uhbt klroe {bge ib'$ [hb }`siot

dgvdube ib ul kòo c`ka df D gbbebe `gt ilsb dgflsiùdlg'

]hbg D sbkbdvbe uhb dgflsiùdlg dg uhb i`do/ du klgu`dgbe uhsbb uhdgm{'

Uhb fds{u }`{ ` klvbs obuubs }sduubg ct Slcdg Cltob/ S'^h'/ ]tbuh—{ I`g)

`mbs lf Esrm Dgflsiùdlg' Du }`{ kob`sot ` flsi obuubs eb{dmgbe fls uhl{b

bx~sb{{dgm klgkbsg{ clru clsudlg/ ge klgu`dgbe uhb ~sbkd{b klgubgu{ uhù

@esd`ggb prlube ul ib' @o{l bgkol{be }`{ ` klolsfro cllaobu bguduobe Cdsuh

Klguslo }duh uhb doo' Dg uhb {bkudlg ‟Hl} uhb doo ]lsa{/’ du {uùb{ ‟Uhb ~dooi`dgot ~sbvbgu{ ~sbmg`gkt dg u}l }`t{'’ Du uhbg {~bà{ lf lgot uhb fds{u u}l

ibkh`gd{i{ ge iàb{ gl sbfbsbgkb }hù{lbvbs ul uhb uhdse/ uhb ~sbvbgudlg

lf di~o`guùdlg'

Uhb ebu`dobe/ fdgb ~sdgu ‟~slfb{{dlgò o`cbodgm’ }`{ o{l bgkol{be/ ge/

`{ sbfobkube dg Uhb ÊS/ du {uùb{ ‟òubsùdlg{ dgkoreb kh`gmb{ dg…uhb

bgelibusdri (}hdkh sberkb uhb odabodhlle lf di~o`guùdlg$'’Du {usrka ib uhù vdsuròot bvbstlgb sbkbdvdgm uhd{ dgflsiùdlg }lroe

sbè uhb o`smb ~sdgu/ ùus`kudvb/ klolsfro/ b`{t)ul)rgebs{u`ge cllaobu (}hdkhiàb{ gl ibgudlg lf uhb `clsudvb ibkh`gd{i$/ `ge òil{u gl lgb }lroe

sbè uhb bxusbibot {iòo ~sdgu/ co`ka `ge }hdub/ ubkhgdkòot }lsebe/ `ge

kli~obubot rgùus`kudvb {hbbu―uhb lgb uhù `kagl}obemb{ dg uhb fdgb ~sdgu

uhù uhb doo {libudib{ ~sbvbgu{ di~o`guùdlg (uhbsbct k`r{dgm g clsudlg$'

Du d{ {`fb ul {`t uhù vdsuròot glgb lf ]tbuh—{ klg{ribs{ }doo sbè uhb

hdmhot ubkhgdkò {uret ~sdgube dg ` 0488 Dgubsgùdlgò Jlrsgò lf Fbsudodut

`sudkob / ct glgb luhbs uh`g ]tbuh—{ l}g Sbmdlgò Edsbkuls lf Kodgdkò Sb)

{b`skh/ }hl {uùbe lgb }`t lsò klgus`kb~udvb{ }lsa d{ ‟ct k`r{dgm bg)elibusdò kh`gmb{ uhù }doo glu {r~~lsu di~o`guùdlg'’28

Lg I`skh 35/ 044=/ D hè obgmuht ge bgodmhubgdgm uòa }duh Sdkh)

`se Hdoo/ ` ~h`si`kd{u }hl }lsa{ fls Lsuhl)IkGbdo—{ ~slerku dgflsiùdlg



;0

eb~`suibgu' (Lsuhl)IkGbdo d{ lgb lf uhb o`smb{u ^doo i`grf`kursbs{'$ D ulla

ebu`dobe glub{'

Hdoo }`{ rgmr`sebe/ hbo~fro/ ge {us`dmhufls}`se' Hb gbvbs `{abe ib

`clru it sbodmdlr{ vdb}{ ls it cbodbf{ clru clsudlg' Hb ede glu klrkh hd{

o`gmr`mb ul mdvb ib `g `g{}bs D }`gube ul hb`s' Hb klroeg—u/ {dgkb hb hè

gl deb` }hù cd`{b{ ls ~sb{r~~l{dudlg{ D idmhu h`vb'Hdoo dgflsibe ib ‟D k`g—u mdvb tlr {lode gricbs{/ cbk`r{b uhbsb—{ gl

}`t ul uboo }hdkh lf uhb{b uhsbb frgkudlg{ d{ `kuròot ~sbvbgudgm uhb ~sbm)

g`gkt1 cru D k`g uboo tlr uhb msbù i`jlsdut lf uhb udib du—{ uhb fds{u lgb

Q~sbvbgudgm lvroùdlgY'’

D `{abe hdi/ ‟Elb{ uhb ^doo {libudib{ f`do ul ~sbvbgu lvroùdlg<’ Hb

{`de ‟tb{'’ D `{abe/ ‟]hù h`~~bg{ uhbg<’ Hb {`de/ ‟Uhb kbsvdkò irkr{

{ol}{ el}g uhb {~bsi' @ge df uhù elb{g—u }lsa/ df tlr bge r~ }duh `

fbsudodzbe bmm/ du }lg—u di~o`gu ge msl} cbk`r{b lf uhb ob{{ hl{~du`cobbgelibusdri'’

D `{abe hdi hl} i`gt lf uhb klgus`kb~udvb{ `v`do`cob lg uhb i`sabu

`sb ol})el{b' Hb {`de/ ‟D elg—u h`vb {uùd{udk{/ cru D o{l }lsa dg ~h`si`kt

`ge D k`g uboo tlr uhb v`{u i`jlsdut lf uhb udib ~bl~ob mbu ol})el{b ~doo{'’ Hb

klgfdsibe uhù uhbsb `sb {lib ‟hdmhbs el{b’ ~doo{ `v`do`cob/ }duh 2> idksl)

msì{ lf b{uslmbg dg{ubè lf 3>);2 idkslmsì{/ cru {`de uhb{b }bsb glu

kliilgot r{be' (Sbibicbs/ bvbg 2> idkslmsì{ d{ lgot 0,; uhb `vbs`mb

b{uslmbg el{`mb dg ~doo{ lf uhb 046>{'$D uhbg `{abe Hdoo df hb }`{ kbsu`dg uhb ^doo ièb di~o`guùdlg ob{{

odabot' ‟Lh/ tb{/’ hb sb~odbe' D {`de/ ‟[l tlr elg—u uhdga uhd{ d{ jr{u ` uhbl)

sbudkò bffbku lf uhb doo<’ Hb {`de uhb flool}dgm/ }hdkh D es`} edsbkuot fsli

it bxubg{dvb glub{ lf lrs klgvbs{ùdlg:

Lh/ gl/ du—{ glu uhblsbudkò' Du—{ lc{bsv`cob' ]b agl} }hù `g bg)

elibusdri olla{ odab }hbg du—{ sdkh `ge il{u sbkb~udvb ul uhb fbsudodzbe bmm'

]hbg ` }li`g d{ uàdgm uhb ^doo tlr k`g kob`sot {bb uhb edffbsbgkb/ c`{becluh lg msl{{ `~~b`s`gkb―`{ {bbg }duh uhb gàbe btb―`ge rgebs ` idksl)

{kl~b' @u uhb udib }hbg uhb bgelibusdri }lroe glsiòot `kkb~u ` fbs)udodzbe bmm/ df ` }li`g d{ uàdgm uhb ^doo du d{ irkh ob{{ odabot ul el {l'

D `{abe Hdoo lgb ilsb udib/ ‟[l tlr—sb {`tdgm uhd{ d{ `g `kurò bffbku

uhù h`~~bg{/ glu jr{u ` uhblsbudkò lgb<’ Hb {`de/ ‟[rsb―tlr k`g `kur)òot {bb }hù du elb{ ul uhb bgelibusdri `ge du—{ lcvdlr{ du iàb{ di)

~o`guùdlg ob{{ odabot' Uhb lgot uhdgm uhù—{ uhblsbudkò d{ uhb gricbs{/ cb)

k`r{b }b jr{u elg—u agl} uhù'’Uhb ~doo{ ~slerkbe ct [b`sob/ Lsuhl/ ]tbuh `ge Lsm`glg `sb b{{bg)

udòot uhb {ìb uhdgm/ }duh lgot {odmhuot edffbsbgu klicdgùdlg{ lf khbidkò{'

Uhb ~slfb{{dlgò o`cbodgm d{ b{{bgudòot uhb {ìb' Uhb ibedkò bx~bsu{ ù

[b`sob/ ]tbuh `ge Lsm`glg }bsb òo prdka ul ~dka r~ it `clsudlg)sboùbe

klgkbsg{ ge uubi~ube ul ebfr{b uhbi' Eb{~dub uhd{/ glu lgot uhb ~h`si`kd{u



;3

ù Lsuhl cru uhb ibedkò {bsvdkb{ ~bl~ob ù Lsm`glg `ge ]tbuh `kagl}o)

bembe `{ `g b{u`cod{hbe f`ku }hù uhbds odubsùrsb {`t{/ uhù uhb ^doo {lib)udib{ ~sbvbgu{ di~o`guùdlg' Es' [usruhbs{ lf [b`sob `~~b`s{ ul ebgt uhd{/

cru uhbg bx~o`dg{ uhù df du h`~~bg{ du d{g—u sbòot `g `clsudlg' ]hbg D {u`ka

r~ uhb{b sb{~lg{b{ ul uhb }bòuh lf dgflsiùdlg D—vb flrge dg it sb{b`skh/ D

ì flskbe ul cbodbvb uhb ~bl~ob ù Lsuhl/ ]tbuh/ `ge Lsm`glg/ glu Es'[usruhbs{ ù [b`sob'

]hdob D agl} uhù {lib lf }hù {hb {`de d{ }slgm―dgkoredgm uhb

gludlg uhù ~sbvbgudgm di~o`guùdlg d{ glu ` sbò `clsudlg―D hl~b `ge ~s`t

uhù Es' [usruhbs{ d{ klssbku `ge uhù hbs ~l{dudlg d{ ilsb uh`g jr{u ` k`sbfro

~rcodk sboùdlg{ ~olt ul ~o`kùb agl}g ~slodfbs{ `ge sbodmdlr{ ~bl~ob' Uhb

uluòdut lf it sb{b`skh/ hl}bvbs/ klgvdgkb{ ib hbs ~l{dudlg d{ glu c`{be lg

uhb f`ku{'

Uhb abt ~ldgu lf ed{~rub dg uhb{b dgubsvdb}{ kbgubs{ lg }hbuhbs uhb

^doo—{ ~sbvbgudlg lf di~o`guùdlg d{ uhblsbudkò ls `kurò' Glgb lf uhb luhbs

uhsbb i`grf`kursbs{ {~lab lf du `{ `gtuhdgm cru `kurò bxkb~u Es' [usruhbs{

ù [b`sob/ }hl {`de du d{ ‟` uhblsbudkò ibkh`gd{i lgot'’ ^h`si`kd{u Hdoo ù

Lsuhl kùbmlsdkòot {uùbe du }`{ ‟glu uhblsbudkò/’ cru c`{be lg edsbku/ ib`)

{rs`cob lc{bsvùdlg lf uhb bgelibusdri' ]hl d{ klssbku<

Di`mdgb f`sibs }hl h`{ u}l ~o`kb{ }hbsb hb idmhu ~o`gu {bbe' Lgbd{ sdkh/ csl}g {ldo uhù h`{ cbbg udoobe/ fbsudodzbe `ge }ùbsbe' Uhb luhbs d{

lg h`se/ uhdg/ est `ge slkat {ldo' Df uhb f`sibs }`gu{ `{ irkh {bbe `{ ~l{)

{dcob ul uàb hloe `ge msl}/ }hbsb }doo hb ~o`gu uhb {bbe< Uhb `g{}bs d{

lcvdlr{‛‛lg uhb fbsudob mslrge'

Gl}/ tlr klroe {`t ul uhb f`sibs uhù hd{ ~sbfbsbgkb fls uhb sdkh/

udoobe/ ild{u {ldo d{ c`{be lg uhb ‟uhblsbudkò/’ cbk`r{b hb h`{ ~slc`cot

gbvbs {bbg ` {kdbgudfdk {uret uhù ~slvb{ uhd{ {ldo d{ ilsb hl{~du`cob ul

{bbe uh`g uhb uhdg/ h`se/ est {ldo' Odabot/ {rkh ` {uret h`{ gbvbs cbbgelgb' Dg luhbs }lse{/ uhbsb d{ gl c{lorub ~sllf' Uhb f`sibs idmhu sb~ot

ul tlrs {ab~udkò khòobgmb c`{be lg hd{ tb`s{ lf lc{bsvùdlg: ‟D agl}

mlle {ldo }hbg D {bb du―{rsb/ D—vb {bbg {lib ~o`gu{ msl} dg uhb h`se/

uhdg {ldo ull/ cru uhb kh`gkb{ lf {rsvdvò `sb irkh ob{{ uhbsb uh`g dg uhb

mlle {ldo' Kòo du uhblsbudkò df tlr }`gu ul/ cru gtlgb }hl agl}{ ~o`gu{

`ge {ldo agl}{ du—{ usrb!’

Dg f`ku/ uhd{ ‟uhblsbudkò’ ~sb{ri~udlg h`{ msbùot dgforbgkbe sb~sl)

erkudvb ibedkdgb' [~bkdòd{u{ }hl bgm`mb dg dg vdusl fbsudodzùdlg (DVF$ usbù

uhb }li`g hlsilgòot dg lsebs ul ksbùb ` motklmbg)sdkh/ {r~~lsudvb bg)

elibusdri' ]doodì Kloodulg/ kodgdkò ~slfb{{ls lf Lc{ubusdk{ ge Mtgbklo)

lmt ù Mblsmb ]`{hdgmulg Rgdvbs{dut `ge Ibedkò Kbgubs ~ldgu{ lru uhù

‟uhd{ d{ uhb ut~b lf bgelibusdri eb{dsbe ct DVF ~s`kududlgbs{ ul kkli~od{h

bicstl us`g{fbs fsli uhb ~busd ed{h ul uhb }lic'’24



;;

[b`sob—{ Es' [usruhbs{ klssbkuot ~ldgu{ lru {lib gb}ot)klgkbdvbe khdo)

esbg ({hb }lroe glu r{b uhd{ ubsi/ lf klrs{b$ i`g`mb ul {rsvdvb dg hl{udob

~o`kb{' Cru uhd{ dg gl }`t kh`gmb{ uhb lcvdlr{ f`ku uhù i`gt ilsb khdoesbg

}doo {rsvdvb dg sdkhbs/ uhdkabs/ ilsb hl{~du`cob bgelibusdri uh`g dg uhdg)

gbs/ ilsb dghl{~du`cob lgb' Dg uhd{ {bg{b/ uhb d{{rb d{g—u uhblsbudkò ù òo'

[bvbsò `sudkob{ D—vb sbè {~lab lf uhb irkr{—{ `cdodut ul colka {~bsiidmsùdlg ge ~sb{bgube { bvdebgkb uhb f`ku uhù uhb uhdkagb{{ lf uhb irkr{

d{ vd{ròot lc{bsv`cob' Lf klrs{b/ uhd{ `~~b`s`gkb d{ glu dgklguslvbsudcob

~sllf uhù du {ol}{ el}g {~bsi idmsùdlg/ cru du d{ {udoo klg{debsbe vòde

bvdebgkb' ]ht }lroe gtlgb kkb~u uhd{/ tbu prb{udlg uhb bvdebgud`st vòrb

lf uhb bgelibusdri—{ ~~b`s`gkb<

Lcvdlr{ot/ }hbg uhb doo uhdg{ uhb bgelibusdri/ ge du kbsu`dgot elb{/

` ztmlub h`{ ` {iòobs odabodhlle lf {rsvdvò/ ` msbùbs odabodhlle lf ebùh'

Hbgkb/ }duhlru prb{udlg ` }li`g—{ uàdgm uhb doo ~ru{ gt klgkbdvbe khdoeù msbùbs sd{a lf cbdgm `clsube uh`g df uhb ^doo }`{g—u cbdgm uàbg' Luhbs

uh`g fls sb`{lg{ lf }d{hfro uhdgadgm ls mlle ~rcodk sboùdlg{/ hl} k`g `gt)

lgb {bsdlr{ot `smrb `m`dg{u uhd{<

]b i`t ust ul uàb klg{loùdlg dg cbodbvdgm uhù uhb ^doo k`r{b{ `cls)

udlg{ lgot dg uhblst' Cru }b ir{u `{a/ df uhd{ d{ ` uhblst/ hl} {uslgm `ge

ksbedcob d{ uhb uhblst< Df uhb bvdebgkb d{ lgot dgedsbku/ hl} kli~boodgm d{

uhù dgedsbku bvdebgkb< Lgkb du }`{ lgot uhblst uhù ~o`gu odfb msl}{ cbuubs

dg sdkh/ fbsudob {ldo uh`g dg uhdg/ bslebe {ldo' Cru du }`{ kbsu`dgot ` uhblstmlle f`sibs{ cbodbvbe `ge `kube lg' (Du d{ ò{l ` uhblst uhù DVF ~s`kududl)

gbs{ `ge uhbds dg{rs`gkb kli~`gdb{―}hl }doo lgot ~`t fls uhb il{u {rk)

kb{{fro ~slulklo dg DVF ubkhglolmt―h`vb bics`kbe' [hlroeg—u uhù uboo r{

{libuhdgm<$

Lg Jrot 3/ 044=/ D dgubsvdb}be A`sbg ]duu/ }hl }lsabe fls ]hdubhòo)

Slcdg{/ {d{ubs kli~`gt lf ]tbuh)@tbs{u/ fsli 0486 rgudo @rmr{u 0442' Cluhkli~`gdb{ `sb edvd{dlg{ lf @ibsdk`g Hlib ^slerku{/ lgb lf uhb }lsoe—{

o`smb{u ~h`si`kbrudkò kls~lsùdlg{'

Is{' ]duu }`{ {òb{ sb~sb{bguùdvb }hl kòobe lg elkuls{/ ~slvdedgm

uhbi }duh ~slerku {ì~ob{ ge ibedkò dgflsiùdlg' [hb }lsabe }duh i`gt

~l~ro`s ~slerku{/ dgkoredgm @evdo `ge Slcdur{{dg' ]hbg uhb ~`sbgu kli)

~`gt `kprdsbe ]tbuh)@tbs{u/ {òb{ sb~sb{bguùdvb{ }bsb dg{usrkube ul {u`su

~slvdedgm ~ht{dkd`g{ }duh {ì~ob{ lf cdsuh klguslo ~doo{' @{ ~`su lf uhbds

us`dgdgm/ uhbt }bsb uàbg uhslrmh gb} i`grò uhù dgkorebe g ‟Lsò Klg)

us`kb~udvb C`kamslrgebs'’

Uhb i`grò/ ` kl~t lf }hdkh D h`vb dg fslgu lf ib/ {uùb{ ‟uhb kli)

cdgbe ~doo d{ vdsuròot 0>>" bffbkudvb erb ul ` klicdgùdlg lf uhb flool}dgm

uhsbb f`kuls{'’ Uhb uhdse lf uhb{b f`kuls{ d{ ‟[r~~sb{{be Bgelibusdri/’ bx)

~o`dgbe dg uhd{ }`t:



;5

Uhb òubsbe hlsilgb ~ùubsg{ bg{rsb uhù uhb bgelibusdri f`do{ ul

ebvbol~ ul uhb bxubgu flrge dg uhb glsiò ktkob' Uhbsbflsb/ bvbg df ‟b{k`~b

lvroùdlg’ {hlroe lkkrs/ uhb bgelibusdri d{ glu dg ` f`vls`cob {uùb fls

di~o`guùdlg'6>

]hbg {hb {`} uhd{/ A`sbg ]duu sbòdzbe fls uhb fds{u udib uhù uhb ^doo

k`r{be `clsudlg{' Uhd{ vdloùbe hbs klgvdkudlg{' [hb }`{ ò{l klgkbsgbe`clru {libuhdgm bo{b/ }hdkh {hb bx~o`dgbe ul ib `{ flool}{:

Dg kli~`gt ibbudgm{ dgflsiùdlg lg uhb doo }`{ klvbsbe dg uluòot

edffbsbgu }`t uh`g luhbs ~slerku{' Lrs us`dgdgm hè ò}`t{ cbbg l~bg `ge

sbo`xbe/ `ge }b }bgu uhslrmh ebu`dobe dg{usrkudlg lg hl} bvbst ~slerku

}lsa{1 }b }bsb bx~bkube ul bx~o`dg hl} uhbt }lsabe ul ~ht{dkd`g{' Cru

uhb `~~sl`kh ul uhb cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ }`{ kli~obubot edffbsbgu―uhb `~)

~sl`kh }`{/ ‟elg—u }lsst `clru hl} uhbt }lsa/ uhb ~ldgu d{ uhbt el1 elg—u

`{a prb{udlg{/ jr{u mdvb lru uhb {ì~ob{'’ 60

A`sbg }bgu ul hbs cl{{ ul bx~sb{{ hbs klgkbsg/ fds{u `clru uhb ^doo

k`r{dgm `clsudlg{/ `ge {bklge `clru uhb edsbkudvb glu ul kliirgdkùb di)

~lsu`gu ibedkò dgflsiùdlg ul uhb ~ht{dkd`g{ {hb ebòu }duh' @{ ` edsbku

sb{rou lf bx~sb{{dgm uhb{b klgkbsg{/ {hb {`de ‟D }`{ o`cbobe uslrcobiàbs'’

[llg/ {hb }`{ fdsbe fsli hbs jlc lf gdgb ge hòf tb`s{'

Ersdgm uhd{ ~slkb{{/ Is{' ]duu cbkìb ebb~ot klgkbsgbe { {hb {~lab

}duh v`sdlr{ kli~`gt bi~oltbb{ `ge lc{bsvbe }hù {hb klg{debsbe ul cb`g `msbbibgu ul sbi`dg {dobgu `clru uhb `clsudvb bffbku lf uhbds ^doo{'

A`sbg ]duu ~ldgube lru ul ib {libuhdgm D—e osbèt ed{klvbsbe dg it

ebòdgm{ }duh ]tbuh)@tbs{u' Uhb klg{ribs ~ì~hobu uhbt ~slerkb/ Cdsuh

Klguslo }duh uhb ^doo/ h`{ ` {bkudlg bguduobe ‟Hl} uhb ^doo ]lsa{’ }hdkh

od{u{ lgot uhb fds{u u}l ibkh`gd{i{/ glu uhb uhdse' Uhlrmh cluh uhbds ~slfb{)

{dlgò o`cbodgm ge uhbds {òb{~bs{lg us`dgdgm kagl}obemb uhb uhdse }`t uhb

^doo }lsa{/ dg uhb odubsùrsb mdvbg ul klg{ribs{/ du d{ {di~ot obfu lru'

@fubs gribslr{ dgubs`kudlg{ }duh v`sdlr{ ~bl~ob u ]tbuh)@tbs{u/ Is{']duu cbkìb klgvdgkbe uhd{ }`{ ` ebodcbsùb klvbs)r~ lg uhb ~`su lf uhb

kli~`gt―` klvbs)r~ glu lgot fsli uhb mbgbsò ~rcodk/ dgkoredgm r{bs{ lf

uhbds ~slerku{/ cru klvbs)r~ fsli ~ht{dkd`g{ ge ~h`si`kd{u{'

Is{' ]duu {`de ul ib/ ‟D ì glu ù òo prdka ul r{b uhb ubsi ‘klg)

{~ds`kt'— Cru D cbodbvb uhbsb d{ ebfdgdub klg{~ds`kt lf {dobgkb lg uhb ~`su lf

uhb i`grf`kursbs `clru uhb `clsudvb bffbku{ lf uhb ^doo'’

Kli~obubot rgsboùbe ul it dgubs`kudlg }duh Is{' ]duu/ D }`{ klg)

u`kube ct `gluhbs {òb{ sb~sb{bguùdvb }duh ` i`jls ^doo i`grf`kursbs' Hb

uòabe ul ib lg uhb klgedudlg uhù D }lroe glu debgudft hdi ls hd{ kli~`gt'

]hbg D `{abe }ht/ hb {`de/ ‟Uhbt ~o`t h`se còo'’ Hd{ {ulst }`{ kol{bot

~`sòobo ul Is{' ]duu—{ bxkb~u hb d{ {udoo bi~oltbe ct uhb kli~`gt' Hb cb)

odbvb{ uhù df hb }`{ debgudfdbe hb }lroe bx~bsdbgkb sbuòdùdlg fsli hd{ bi)

~oltbs'



;2

Uhd{ i`g sbè ` es`fu lf Elb{ uhb Cdsuh Klguslo ^doo K`r{b @cls)

udlg{< ~l{ube ù lrs }bc{dub (}}}'b~i'lsm$' Hb kòobe ul uboo ib/ ‟]hù

tlr—sb {`tdgm `clru uhb ^doo d{ usrb/ `ge it i`grf`kursbs agl}{ du' I`g)

`mbibgu uàb{ ~sdeb dg uhb f`ku uhù lrs ~doo{ bxkbo ù uhb ‘~sbvbgudlg lf

gdeùdlg—‛‛uhù bx`ku ~hs`{b d{ slrudgbot r{be dg lrs ~slerku us`dgdgm {b{)

{dlg{' Uhbt gbvbs r{b uhb }lse ‘`clsudlg/— cru ct ~sbvbgudgm gdeùdlg Qdi)~o`guùdlgY/ uhù—{ }hù uhb ~doo{ el'’

Hb {`de uhù tb`s{ cbflsb uhb ~s`kudkb lf r{dgm {bvbsò CK^{ { ‟ilsg)

dgm `fubs’ `clsudf`kdbgu cbkìb ~rcodk/ hd{ kli~`gt hè dg{usrkube {òb{

sb~{ ul dgflsi ~ht{dkd`g{ lf hl} uhbds ~doo{ klroe cb r{be fls uhù ~rs~l{b'

Cbk`r{b lf hd{ sbfr{ò ul ~slilub uhb ^doo/ uhd{ i`g }`{/ dg hd{ }lse{/ ‟eb)

ilube fsli {òb{ sb~sb{bguùdvb'’ Uhlrmh u lgb ~ldgu hb }`{ {abe fls hd{

sb{dmgùdlg/ hb {`t{ uhb kli~`gt gl} {bbi{ ul sborku`guot `kkb~u hd{ sdmhu

ul ~bs{lgò klgvdkudlg{/ `ggltdgm uhlrmh uhbt cb' Hl}bvbs/ hb fbbo{ hb d{cbdgm ilgdulsbe `{ ul }hù hb {`t{ `ge ul }hli'

Es' ]òubs O`sdilsb d{ `g @{{lkdùb Kodgdkò ^slfb{{ls lf FìdotIbedkdgb }hl h`{ }sduubg lvbs 02> ibedkò `sudkob{ dg ` }deb v`sdbut lf

jlrsgò{' Es' O`sdilsb/ dg Fbcsr`st 36/ 0448 bi`do ul ib/ {uùbe uhù df uhb

^doo h`{ gl gbmùdvb bffbku lg uhb di~o`guùdlg ~slkb{{/ uhbg }b {hlroe bx)

~bku du{ sberkudlg dg uhb ~bskbgu`mb lf glsiò dgus`rubsdgb ~sbmg`gkdb{ ul

bprò du{ sberkudlg dg uhb ~bskbgu`mb lf bxus`rubsdgb ls bkul~dk (dgkoredgm

urcò$ ~sbmg`gkdb{'

Hl}bvbs/ Es' O`sdilsb ~ldgube lru {libuhdgm hdmhot {dmgdfdk`gu‛‛

~rcod{hbe eù` fsli òo lf uhb {uredb{ ebòdgm }duh uhd{ d{{rb dgedkùb uhùuhb sùdl lf bxus`rubsdgb ul dgus`rubsdgb ~sbmg`gkdb{ ìlgm ^doo)uàbs{ {dm)

gdfdk`guot bxkbbe{ uhù lf glg)^doo)uàbs{' Uhb fdvb {uredb{ kdube ct Es'

O`sdilsb {hl} `g dgksb`{be sd{a lf bkul~dk ~sbmg`gkdb{ dg ^doo uàbs{ }hl

mbu ~sbmg`gu d{ =>" ul 0;4>" hdmhbs uh`g glg)^doo uàbs{ }hl mbu ~sbm)

g`gu'63 6;

]hù kklrgu{ fls uhb doo dghdcdudgm dgus`rubsdgb ~sbmg`gkdb{ u ed{)

~sl~lsudlgùbot msbùbs sùdl uh`g du dghdcdu{ bxus`rubsdgb ~sbmg`gkdb{< Es'

O`sdilsb/ }hl d{ ` ibicbs lf Flkr{ lg uhb Fìdot—{ ^ht{dkd`g{ Sb{lrskbKlrgkdo/ cbodbvb{ uhb il{u odabot bx~o`gùdlg d{ uhù }hdob uhb ^doo elb{

gluhdgm ul ~sbvbgu gb}ot)klgkbdvbe khdoe fsli di~o`gudgm dg uhb }slgm

~o`kb (d'b' `gt}hbsb cb{deb{ uhb bgelibusdri$ du i`t {libudib{ el

{libuhdgm ul ~sbvbgu hdi fsli di~o`gudgm dg uhb sdmhu ~o`kb (d'b' uhbbgelibusdri$'



;6

Uhd{ bvdebgkb ~ru{ {dmgdfdk`gu crsebg lf ~sllf lg gtlgb }hl ebgdb{

uhb ^doo—{ k`~`kdut ul k`r{b b`sot `clsudlg{' Df uhbsb d{ `g bx~o`gùdlg lf uhb

eù` uhù d{ ilsb ~o`r{dcob/ ls bpròot ~o`r{dcob/ }hù d{ du<

Es' O`sdilsb kìb ul uhd{ d{{rb }duh {dmgdfdk`gu vb{ube dgubsb{u{ dg

cbodbvdgm uhb cb{u clru uhb cdsuh klguslo ~doo/ h`vdgm ~sb{ksdcbe du fls tb`s{'

]hbg hb sb{b`skhbe du dgubg{dvbot lvbs g bdmhubbg ilguh ~bsdle/ dg }hù hbeb{ksdcbe ul ib { ‟mru }sbgkhdgm’ ~slkb{{ uhù dgvlovbe {obb~ob{{ gdmhu{/

hb kìb ul uhb klgkor{dlg uhù dg mlle klg{kdbgkb hb klroe gl olgmbs ~sb)

{ksdcb hlsilgò klgus`kb~udvb{/ dgkoredgm uhb doo/ uhb idgd~doo/ Eb~l^slvbs`

`ge Gls~o`gu'

Es' O`sdilsb o{l uloe ib uhù }hbg hb h`{ ~sb{bgube uhd{ bvdebgkb ul

`redbgkb{ lf {bkro`s ~ht{dkd`g{/ uhbsb h`{ cbbg oduuob ls gl sb{d{u`gkb ul du'

Cru }hbg hb h`{ ~sb{bgube du ul Khsd{ud`g ~ht{dkd`g{ uhbsb h`{ cbbg {rc{u`g)

udò sb{d{u`gkb' ]ht< ^bsh`~{ cbk`r{b {bkro`s ~ht{dkd`g{ el glu k`sb `{irkh }hbuhbs uhb doo ~sbvbgu{ di~o`guùdlg ge uhbsbflsb ubge ul cb lcjbk)

udvb dg dgubs~sbudgm uhb bvdebgkb' Khsd{ud`g ~ht{dkd`g{ vbst irkh el glu }`gu

ul cbodbvb uhb ^doo k`r{b{ b`sot `clsudlg{/ `ge uhbsbflsb ubge ul sb{d{u uhb

bvdebgkb' Uhd{ d{ rgebs{u`ge`cob' Glgbuhbob{{/ }b {hlroe glu ~bsidu }hù

}b }`gu ul cbodbvb ul ed{us`ku r{ fsli }hù uhb bvdebgkb dgedkùb{ }b {hlroe

cbodbvb'

Es' `ro H`tb{/ ~slodfb Lc,Mtg dg Odgklog/ Gbcs`{a`/ ~ldgube ib ul

Oblg [~bslff—{ `ge ^hdod~ E`sgbt—{ `ruhlsduùdvb ubxu @ Kodgdkò Mrdeb fls

Klgus`kb~udlg' Es' H`tb{ kòo{ Es' [~bslff/ lf uhb Lsbmlg Hbòuh [kdbgkb{

Rgdvbs{dut dg lsuo`ge/ ‟uhb gùdlg—{ ~sbidbs klgus`kb~udvb bx~bsu ge evl)

kùb'’ [~bslff—{ ubxu/ }sduubg fls ~ht{dkd`g{/ {`t{ uhd{:

Uhb ~slmb{udg dg uhb klicdgùdlg ~doo ~slerkb{ `g bgelibusdri}hdkh d{ glu sbkb~udvb ul lvri di~o`guùdlg/ ` ebkderòdzbe cbe }duhbxh`r{ube `ge ùsl~hdbe mo`ge{' Uhb kbsvdkò irkr{ cbklib{ uhdka `ge

di~bsvdlr{ ul {~bsi us`g{~lsu' Du d{ ~l{{dcob uhù ~slmb{uùdlgò dgforbgkb{

lg {bksbudlg `ge ~bsd{uò{d{ }duhdg uhb fòol~d`g urcb ~slvdeb èedudlgò

klgus`kb~udvb bffbku{'65

Dg `g bi`do ul ib eùbe Fbcsr`st 33/ 044=/ Es' H`tb{ ~ldgube lru `

{bi`gudk `{~bku lf Es' [~bslff—{ {uùbibgu }hdkh D/ glu cbdgm ` ~ht{dkd`g/

}lroeg—u h`vb gludkbe:

D }`{ {usrka eric }hbg D sbè uhd{/ u uhb f`ku uhù Es' [~bslff }lroe

bx~bku ib/ `{ ` elkuls/ ul `kkb~u uhb ‘di~o`guùdlg— lf `g ‘lvri'— Kòo du `

fbsudodzbe lvri/ ls ` co`{ulkt{u/ ls ` ztmlub/ ls `gt lgb lf ` gricbs lf

luhbs ebhri`gdzdgm gìb{ fls ` c`ct/ cru elg—u }`ss`gu ul ib/ dg ` ubxu)

clla fls elkuls{/ uhù }hù di~o`gu{ d{ jr{u `g lvri!62



;=

Es' H`tb{—{ ~ldgu d{ uhù ‟lvri’ r{be }duhlru pròdfdbs o}`t{ ib`g{

`g rgfbsudodzbe bmm/ ge uhù Es' [~bslff d{ id{r{dgm uhb ubsi klg{kdlr{ot ls

rgklg{kdlr{ot ul idgdidzb uhb uàdgm lf hri`g odfb dghbsbguot dgvlovbe dg

uhb ~sbvbgudgm lf di~o`guùdlg' Uhd{ ut~b lf {bi`gudk òubsùdlg d{ kliilg

dg oùbs {u`mb{/ `{ ebilg{usùbe ct sbfbsbgkb{ ul ‟ubsidgùdgm ` ~sbmg`gkt’

dg{ubè lf ‟adoodgm khdoe'’ Du d{ frsuhbs door{usùbe dg uhb f`ku uhù Es' [~bslff dgkoreb{ `{ ` flsi lf ‟klgus`kb~udlg’ uhb eb{usrkudlg lf `g òsbèt klg)

kbdvbe ~bs{lg'

Dg `g dgubsvdb} klgerkube ct Ebggt H`suflse/ edsbkuls lf Vduò [dmg{

Idgd{usdb{/ ^h`si`kd{u O`sst Fsdbebs{/ }hl d{ ò{l Vdkb)~sb{debgu lf ^h`s)

i`kd{u{ fls Odfb/ {`de uhd{:

Lcvdlr{ot/ uhb lgb ‟c`ka)r~ ibkh`gd{i’ Qlf uhb dooY uhù }b—sb il{u

klgkbsgbe }duh d{ uhb lgb uhù kh`gmb{ uhb }li`g—{ clet dg {rkh ` }`t

uhù df uhbsb d{ ` gb} odfb/ uhù udgt hri`g ol{b{ uhb `cdodut ul di~o`gu `ge

uhbg msl} `ge cb glrsd{hbe ct uhb iluhbs' Uhb f`ku{ `sb kob`s―}b—vb òo

agl}g uhbi dguboobkuròot' D ob`sgbe uhbi dg {khllo' D hè ul `g{}bs uhl{b

prb{udlg{ lg it {uùb cl`se ~h`si`kt bxì' Uhb ~slcobi }`{ mbuudgm uhù

agl}obemb fsli it dguboobku el}g ul }hbsb du cbkìb ~`su lf }hl D ì' D

hè ul `kkb~u uhù D }`{ ~`sudkd~ùdgm dg uhb {òb `ge ed{usdcrudlg lf ` ~sle)

rku uhù }`{/ dg f`ku/ k`r{dgm uhb ol{{ lf odfb'66

Oùbs dg uhb {ìb dgubsvdb}/ H`suflse {abe }lsoe fìlr{ fbsudodut

{~bkdòd{u Es' Uhli`{ Hdombs{/ ‟@sb uhbsb `gt cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ lru

uhbsb uhù el glu h`vb uhd{ ~lubgudò ul `clsu ` ebvbol~dgm khdoe<’ Es'

Hdombs{ `g{}bsbe/

Uhbsb `sb glgb! @u it o`{u klrgu dg olladgm ù uhb ^ht{dkd`g{ Eb{a

Sbfbsbgkb…uhbsb }bsb 55 edffbsbgu ut~b{ lf cdsuh klguslo ~doo{…`ge uhbt

h`vb edffbsbgu klgkbgusùdlg{ lf khbidkò{ uhù iàb uhbi }lsa' Glgb lf

uhb{b {l)kòobe cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ h`{ ` ibkh`gd{i }hdkh d{ kli~obubotklgus`kb~udvb' ^ru uhb luhbs }`t `slrge/ òo cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ `v`do`cob

h`vb ` ibkh`gd{i }hdkh ed{ursc{ ls ed{dgubmsùb{ uhb odgdgm lf uhb

rubsr{ ul uhb bxubgu uhù uhb ~l{{dcdodut lf `clsudlg bxd{u{ }hbg csbà)uhslrmh lvroùdlg lkkrs{'6=

[lrskb{ dgedkùb glu lgot uhù ^doo)dgerkbe bgelibusdò kh`gmb{ ~sb)

vbgu di~o`guùdlg (}hù D }doo kòo uhb ^doo—{ fds{u `clsudvb bffbku$/ cru/ `ge

uhd{ d{ ` {bklge `clsudvb bffbku/ uhù bvbg df uhbt el òol} di~o`guùdlg uhbt

k`g ~sbvbgu uhb ~sl~bs glrsd{hibgu ls i`dgubg`gkb lf uhb gb} khdoe/ sb{rou)

dgm dg ~sbiùrsb bge lf uhb ~sbmg`gkt'68

Dg It Clet/ It Hbòuh/ uhb ruhls{ ~ldgu ul ` uhdse clsudvb ~lubgudò

lf uhb ^doo:



;8

B{uslmbg `ge ~slmb{udg i`t ò{l òubs uhb ~ùubsg lf ir{kob klgus`k)

udlg{ dg uhb urcb{ `ge rubsr{' Uhd{ i`t dgubsfbsb }duh di~o`guùdlg ct

{~bbedgm r~ uhb fbsudodzbe bmm—{ us`vbo udib {l uhù du sb`khb{ uhb rubsr{

cbflsb du d{ iùrsb bglrmh ul di~o`gu' 64

Uhd{ d{ uhb {ìb ‟klgus`kb~udvb’ bffbku Es' [~bslff sbfbssbe ul { ‟~bsd)

{uò{d{ }duhdg uhb fòol~d`g urcb'’Dg du{ 0485 ~rcodkùdlg ‟F`ku{ @clru Lsò Klgus`kb~udvb{/’ uhb R'['

Eb~`suibgu lf Hbòuh `ge Hri`g [bsvdkb{ {uùbe/

Cluh adge{ lf ~doo{…iàb du edffdkrou fls ` fbsudodzbe bmm ul di)

~o`gu/ ct k`r{dgm kh`gmb{ dg fòol~d`g urcb klgus`kudlg{ `ge dg uhbrubsdgb odgdgm'=>

Uhb{b kh`gmb{ dg fòol~d`g urcb klgus`kudlg{ k`g k`r{b ` f`dorsb ul

di~o`gu' Uhd{ uhdse clsudvb bffbku d{ ed{udgku fsli uhb fds{u u}l/ cluh lf }hdkh`sb k`r{be ct kh`gmb{ ul uhb rubsdgb odgdgm' (Uhl{b }hl sbi`dg rgklgvdgkbe

`clru uhb `clsudvb bffbku lf ^doo)k`r{be bgelibusdò kh`gmb{ ir{u ò{l è)

esb{{ uhb {b~`sùb cru {dmgdfdk`gu d{{rb lf urcò ~bsd{uò{d{'$

Uhbsb—{ ` flrsuh ~lubgudò `clsudvb uhsbù/ ~ldgube lru ul ib ct `

klr~ob }hl {ul~~be r{dgm uhbds ~doo{ `fubs sbèdgm uhb ~`ka`mb dg{bsu' D

h`vb uhù dg{bsu dg fslgu lf ib' Du klgkbsg{ Eb{lmbg/ ` klicdgùdlg ~doo

~slerkbe ct Lsm`glg' Rgebs uhb hbèdgm ‟^sbmg`gkt Erb ul ^doo F`do)

rsb/’ du {uùb{:

Uhb dgkdebgkb lf ~doo f`dorsb sb{roudgm dg ~sbmg`gkt d{ `~~slxdiùbot

lgb ~bskbgu (d'b'/ lgb ~sbmg`gkt ~bs 0>> }libg ~bs tb`s$ df uàbg bvbst

e`t `{ edsbkube/ cru ilsb ut~dkò f`dorsb sùb{ `sb `clru ;"' Df f`dorsb elb{

lkkrs/ uhb sd{a ul uhb fbur{ d{ idgdiò'=0

Bx`kuot }hù d{ uhd{ sd{a ul uhb fbur{< D {abe uhd{ lf Es' ]doodì Ulffobs

lf uhb Lsbmlg Hbòuh [kdbgkb{ Rgdvbs{dut/ }hl d{ ò{l ` ibicbs lf Flkr{

lg uhb Fìdot—{ ht{dkd`g—{ Sb{lrskb Klrgkdo' Es' Ulffobs dgflsibe ib uhùuhb hlsilgb{ dg uhb doo/ ~slmb{udg ge b{uslmbg/ k`g {libudib{ h`vb h`sifro

bffbku lg `g òsbèt di~o`gube khdoe' Uhb ~slcobi d{/ {dgkb }libg el glu

agl} uhbt `sb ~sbmg`gu dg uhb b`sodb{u {u`mb{/ uhbt }doo klgudgrb ul uàb uhb

^doo ù ob`{u lgb ilsb udib/ df glu u}l ls ilsb (b{~bkdòot df ktkob{ `sb ds)

sbmro`s$' Uhd{ ksbùb{ uhb sd{a uhb ob`fobu sbfbs{ ul' [l glu lgot d{ uhb ~sb)

di~o`gube khdoe ù sd{a/ cru {l d{ `g òsbèt di~o`gube khdoe }hl d{ {rc)

jbkube ul uhb doo—{ hlsilgb{'

Uhb sd{a d{ kòobe ‟idgdiò'’ Cru }hù elb{ uhd{ ib`g< Df {liblgb}`{ `clru ul mdvb tlrs khdoe ` khbidkò `ge uhbt `{{rsbe tlr uhbsb }`{ `

‟idgdiò sd{a/’ }lroe tlr òol} uhbi ul ~slkbbe }duhlru dgvb{udmùdgm ul

fdge lru bx`kuot }hù }`{ ib`gu ct ‟idgdiò’< ]lroeg—u tlr `{a }hbuhbs

uhbsb }`{ {lib oubsgùdvb usbùibgu }duhlru uhd{ sd{a< Sùhbs uh`g cb sb`{)

{rsbe ct uhb ubsi ‟idgdiò/’ ~`sbgu idmhu sb{~lge/ ‟D edeg—u agl} uhù ct



;4

uàdgm uhb ^doo D k`r{be `gt sd{a ul ` c`ct―{l }hbg tlr uboo ib uhb sd{a d{

‘idgdiò— tlr elg—u sb`{{rsb ib/ tlr ò`si ib'’

Uhbsb d{ {udoo ` fdfuh sd{a/ }hdkh d{ ed{udgku dg uhù du `~~odb{ ul khdoesbg

klgkbdvbe `fubs ` }li`g {ul~{ uàdgm uhb ^doo:

Uhbsb d{ {lib dgedkùdlg uhù uhbsb i`t cb ` ~slolgmbe bffbku lf

uhb lsò klgus`kb~udvb{ lg cluh uhb bgelibusdri ge uhb kbsvdx fubs }li`g h`{ kb`{be uàdgm uhb ~doo' Uhbsb i`t }boo cb msbùbs odabodhlle

lf id{k`ssd`mb dg uhù ~bsdle ò{l `{ ` sb{rou lf {lib khslil{liò

`cglsiòdudb{…Du d{ }lsuh gludgm uhù uhb klg{ribs evdkb fsli uhb i`gr)

f`kursbs{ k`rudlg{ uhù ~sbmg`gkt {hlroe cb vldebe dg uhb fds{u uhsbb ilguh{

`fubs kb`{dgm uhb klicdgbe lsò klgus`kb~udvb'=3

]ht {hlroe ~sbmg`gkt cb `vldebe rgudo uhsbb ilguh{ `fubs ` }li`g

h`{ {ul~~be r{dgm uhb ^doo< Lgb ~ht{dkd`g uloe ib du—{ cbk`r{b uhb ^doo ~sl)erkb{ `g bgvdslgibgu uhù uhsbùbg{ uhb }bof`sb lf ` khdoe/ `ge uhù bgvd)slgibgu uàb{ ilguh{ ul sbursg ul glsiò' Df uhl{b bffbku{ `sb {udoo klg)

{debsbe ` sd{a r~ ul uhsbb ilguh{ `fubs uhb ^doo }`{ o`{u uàbg/ du ò{l klg)

fdsi{ uhb sd{a{ ul cluh uhb ~sb) `ge ~l{u)di~o`guùdlg khdoe }hdob uhb ^doo d{

{udoo cbdgm r{be' @gluhbs ~ht{dkd`g {rmmb{ube uhù cglsiò bmm{ sb ilsb

odabot `fubs ^doo r{b `ge uhù d{ lgb sb`{lg fls uhb }`sgdgm'

(Uhd{ {hlroe {bsvb { }`sgdgm ul klr~ob{ }hl khll{b ul {ul~ uàdgm

uhb ~doo lru lf klgkbsg fls du{ clsudf`kdbgu ~lubgudò' Df uhbt sbi`dg {bxròot`kudvb/ uhbt {hlroe r{b glg`clsudvb klgus`kb~udvb fls uhsbb ilguh{ ul o)

ol} udib fls uhb bgelibusdri ul sbursg ul glsiò' Luhbs}d{b/ {dgkb uhb cls)

udvb ibkh`gd{i i`t sbi`dg l~bsùdvb `fubs uhb klgus`kb~udvb ibkh`gd{i{

gl olgmbs sb/ fls uhù csdbf ~bsdle uhbt klroe kuròot dgksb`{b uhbds kh`gkb{

lf g clsudlg'$

Dg Jrgb/ 0446 uhb Flle `ge Esrm @eidgd{usùdlg gglrgkbe gb} r{bfls {u`ge`se klicdgùdlg cdsuh klguslo ~doo{:

U}l hdmh el{b{ uàbg }duhdg u}l ul uhsbb e`t{ lf dgubsklrs{b k`g

~sbvbgu ~sbmg`gkt/ uhb FE@ {kdbgud{u{ {`de' Elkuls{ uhdga uhb ~doo{ ~slc)

`cot }lsa ct ~sbvbgudgm ` fbsudodzbe bmm fsli di~o`gudgm dg uhb odgdgm

lf uhb rubsr{'=;

Lg Fbcsr`st 35/ 044=/ uhb FE@ `~~slvbe uhb r{b lf hdmh el{b{ lf

klicdgùdlg cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ { ‟bibsmbgkt klgus`kb~udlg'’=5

Uhb `sudkobbx~o`dg{/

Uhb ilsgdgm)`fubs ~doo sbfbs{ ul ` sbmdibg lf {u`ge`se cdsuh klguslo

~doo{ uàbg }duhdg =3 hlrs{ lf rg~slubkube {bx ul ~sbvbgu `g rg}`gube

~sbmg`gkt' Uhb ~doo{ ~sbvbgu ~sbmg`gkt ct dghdcdudgm fbsudodzbe bmm fsli

di~o`gudgm du{bof dg uhb rubsr{ `ge ebvbol~dgm dgul ` fbur{'=2



5>

Lf klrs{b/ uhb ~doo{ el glu ‟~sbvbgu ~sbmg`gkt’ {dgkb ~sbmg`gkt cb)

mdg{ ù klgkb~udlg/ glu di~o`guùdlg' @kudgm `{ df ~sbmg`gkt cbmdg{ ù di)

~o`guùdlg uàb{ uhb bi~h`{d{ lff uhb c`ct—{ lcjbkudvb bxd{ubgkb `ge ~ru{ du

lg uhb iluhbs—{ bgelibusdri—{ slob dg {r{u`dgdgm uhb khdoe uhù h`{ òsbèt

cbbg ksbùbe }duhdg hbs' @{ ]lsoe i`m`zdgb ~ldgu{ lru/ ‟Dg sbòdut uhb ~doo

sbmdibg―eb{dmgbe ul colka fbsudodzbe bmm fsli di~o`gudgm dgul uhb rubsr{―`clsu{ ` ~sbmg`gkt uhù—{ òsbèt cbmrg'’=6

Du d{ {dmgdfdk`gu uhù uhd{ ‟ilsgdgm `fubs ~doo’ d{ dg f`ku gluhdgm cru

` klicdgùdlg lf {bvbsò {u`ge`se cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ uàbg dg hdmh el{)

`mb{' ]hbg uhb `gglrgkbibgu }`{ ièb/ uhb rgdgflsibe ~rcodk ~slc)

`cot `{{ribe uhù uhb hdmh el{`mb iàb{ cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ el {lib)

uhdgm uhbt }bsb luhbs}d{b dgk`~`cob lf eldgm' Cru uhb usruh d{/ du {di~otdgksb`{b{ uhb kh`gkb{ lf eldgm }hù du òsbèt {libudib{ elb{―

k`r{b `g `clsudlg'@ 0444 ~sb{{ sbob`{b fsli uhb @ibsdk`g Kloobmb lf Lc{ubusdkd`g{ ge

Mtgbklolmd{u{ (@KLM$ `{{bsu{ uhb flool}dgm:

I`gt ~h`si`kdb{…sbfr{b ul ~slvdeb uhb Qbibsmbgkt klgus`kb~udlgY

c`{be lg uhb dgklssbku cbodbf uhù du d{ `g `clsudf`kdbgu…'QUhbY BK }lsa{ct ~sbvbgudgm lvroùdlg/ fbsudodzùdlg ls uhb di~o`guùdlg lf uhb fbsudo)

dzbe bmm dgul uhb rubsr{' ==

Oùbs dg uhb {ìb ~sb{{ sbob`{b uhb @KLM smrb{ uhù ‟uhd{ Qsbfr{ò ul{boo BKY iàb{ `c{lorubot gl {bg{b’ cbk`r{b lgb o`smb gùdlgò ~h`si`kt

kh`dg uhù sbfr{b{ ul k`sst du ‟òsbèt ed{~bg{b{ bibsmbgkt klgus`kb~udlg dg

uhb flsi lf luhbs ~sb{ksd~udlg lsò klgus`kb~udvb{'’

Dg ` R[@ Ule`t `sudkob / ‟Elk{ {~sbè }lse: ^doo }lsa{ lg ilsgdgm

`fubs/’ I`sdotg Bod`{ }slub/

R'[' mtgbklolmd{u{ `sb o`rgkhdgm ` i`jls gùdlg}deb kì~`dmg ul

iàb {rsb }libg agl} `clru uhb cb{u)ab~u ilsgdgm)`fubs klgus`kb~udvb

{bksbu: kliilg cdsuh klguslo ~doo{…[lib lsò klgus`kb~udvb{ i`t cb uàbg

`fubs dgubsklrs{b―u}l dg uhb fds{u el{b r~ ul =3 hlrs{ `fubs {bx/ uhbg u}l

ilsb 03 hlrs{ oùbs―`ge }doo ~sbvbgu =2" lf ~sbmg`gkdb{…Ksdudk{ kòo

uhb ilsgdgm)`fubs ibuhle eb f`kul clsudlg/ cru Zdgcbsm {`t{ uhb ~doo{ }lsa

cbflsb `g bicstl di~o`gu{ dg uhb rubsr{ {l uhbsb—{ gl `clsudlg'=8

Uhd{ d{ `gluhbs door{usùdlg lf uhb slob lf {bi`gudk{ dg idgdidzdgm lrs

~bskb~udlg lf uhb usrb gùrsb lf khbidkò clsudlg{' Uhb usruh d{ uhb{b ~sbm)

g`gkdb{ `sbg—u ~sbvbgube/ uhbt `sb ubsidgùbe ' Du—{ {bi`gudk mtig`{udk{ ulsbebfdgb clsudlg dg {rkh }`t uhù adoodgm uhb ‟fbsudodzbe bmm’ elb{g—u pròdft'

Odfb elb{ glu cbmdg ù di~o`guùdlg/ du cbmdg{ u klgkb~udlg' Ul {rmmb{u

uhù fbsudodzbe bmm d{ glu odvdgm ~bs{lg jr{u cbk`r{b {hb h`{ glu tbu {buuobe

dgul hbs hlib (uhb bgelibusdri$/ `ge uhbsbflsb du—{ fdgb ul iàb hbs hlib

hl{udob ul hbs odfb/ d{ odab {`tdgm uhb hlibob{{ sb glu sbòot ~bl~ob {dgkb uhbt



50

`sbg—u odvdgm dg hlr{b/ ge du—{ uhbsbflsb oo sdmhu ul crsg el}g hlib{ uhbt

idmhu luhbs}d{b h`vb odvbe dg/ `ge ul ob`vb uhbi lru dg uhb kloe ul edb'

Klg{debs uhb flool}dgm dg ibedkò jlrsgò sudkob uhù sb{~lge{ ul uhb

prb{udlg/ ‟Ir{u ` Kùhlodk hl{~duò dgflsi ` s`~b vdkudi lf uhb `v`do`cdodut

lf uhb ‘ilsgdgm)`fubs ~doo—<’

Edbuhto{udocb{uslo/ `ge luhbs b{uslmbg{ r{be `fubs rg~slubkube kldur{/`ku{ ul ~sbvbgu di~o`guùdlg lf ` fbsudodzbe lvri dg uhb rubsdgb

irkl{`…Uhr{ uhb{b esrm{ `sb gbduhbs klgus`kb~udvb{ gls `clsudf`kdbgu{'

Fsli ` ibedkò vdb}~ldgu/ ~sbmg`gkt cbmdg{ ù uhb kli~obudlg lf di~o`g)

uùdlg/ `ge uhb `kkrsùb }`t ul eb{ksdcb uhb `kudlg lf uhb ilsgdgm)`fubs ~doo

d{ ‟~sbmg`gkt dgubskb~udlg'’=4

‟^sbmg`gkt dgubskb~udlg’ d{ {udoo `gluhbs ubsi uhù lc{krsb{ }hù sb)

òot h`~~bg{ dg khbidkò clsudlg' Ebfdgb ~sbmg`gkt hl}bvbs tlr }d{h/cru du elb{ glu kh`gmb uhb f`ku uhbsb d{ ` odvdgm khdoe ~sdls ul di~o`guùdlg'

]bc{ubs—{ 0485 gdguh bedudlg Gb} Kloobmdùb Edkudlg`st ebfdgb{ uhb

}lse klgkb~udlg `{ ‟uhb `ku lf cbklidgm ~sbmg`gu'’ Tbu i`gt {lrskb{ D

h`vb klg{roube/ dgkoredgm uhb clvb/ eidu uhb doo k`g ool} klgkb~udlg ge

~sbvbgu di~o`guùdlg/ cru dg{d{u lg eb{ksdcdgm uhd{ { ‟~sbvbgudgm ~sbmg`gkt'’

Uhb usruh d{/ }hùbvbs ~sbvbgu{ di~o`guùdlg adoo{ uhb {ìb rgdprb

hri`g cbdgm `{ `gt oùbs `clsudlg ~slkbersb' Uhb ubsi{ uhd{ d{ klrkhbe dg

i`t iàb du {lrge cbuubs/ cru uhbt k`gglu kh`gmb }hù du sbòot d{'

D{ uhbsb gt bvdebgkb sbfrudgm uhb clsudvb ~lubgudò lf uhb doo< D h`vb

{b`skhbe f`s `ge }deb ul fdge {rkh bvdebgkb it{bof/ `ge h`vb ò{l `{abe `

gricbs lf ~ht{dkd`g{ ul ~slvdeb ib }duh gt uhbt h`vb ls agl} lf' ]hù D

h`vb i`g`mbe ul fdge/ D }doo gl} ~sb{bgu'

Dg {bvbsò k`{b{/ D ebodcbsùbot el glu {uùb uhb gìb{ lf Khsd{ud`g

~ht{dkd`g{ `ge lsm`gdzùdlg{ }hl h`vb }sduubg {lib lf uhb obuubs{ `ge `s)

udkob{ D ì kdudgm' D agl} uhd{ d{ rgr{rò/ cru D ì ebubsidgbe glu ul ksbùb

rggbkb{{`st hl{udodut ls ed{rgdut' D h`vb gl eb{dsb ul ~ru gt csluhbs ls {d{ubs

dg Khsd{u lg uhb {~lu/ gls el D }`gu ul srg uhb sd{a lf iàdgm uhbi ilsb

ebfbg{dvb lf uhbds ~l{dudlg' Dg k`{b{ }hbsb D h`vb glu ibgudlgbe gìb{/ D

ir{u `{a uhb sbèbs ul usr{u uhù D h`vb uhb `kurò elkribgu{ dg fslgu lf ib'

‟@ev`gkb{ dg Lsò Klgus`kb~udlg’ dg Uhb Jlrsgò lf Sb~slerkudvb

Ibedkdgb/ d{ prb{udlg ge g{}bs {b{{dlg }duh bdmhu ~ht{dkd`g{' Uhb ~slodfb

~ht{dkd`g }hl m`vb uhd{ ul hbs ~`{uls rgebsodgbe {uùbibgu{ uhù dg hbs idge

sbfrub uhb gludlg uhù uhb ^doo k`r{b{ `clsudlg{' Uhd{ d{ lgb lf uhbi:



53

El uhb LK{ }duh ;> idkslmsì{ lf b{uslmbg `ku ~sdi`sdot ct ~sb)

vbgudgm di~o`guùdlg sùhbs uh`g {r~~sb{{dgm lvroùdlg<

Es' Khsd{udb: ‟Lrs {uredb{ dg Brsl~b `ge K`gè` {hl}be uhù uhb

02>,;> ~doo—{ i`dg ileb lf `kudlg d{ dghdcdudlg lf lvroùdlg'’8>

Uhd{ {uùbibgu d{ glu dg klgfodku }duh uhb bvdebgkb D—vb ~sb{bgube' Gllgb ed{~rub{ }hbuhbs uhb dghdcdudlg lf lvroùdlg d{ uhb ^doo—{ i`dg ileb lf

`kudlg/ lgot }hbuhbs ~sbvbgudgm di~o`guùdlg d{ {bklge`st ileb' @ ilsb

{dmgdfdk`gu {bmibgu lf uhb {ìb `sudkob d{ uhd{:

@sb f`kuls{ cb{deb{ `glvroùdlg Qglu lvroùdgmY `ffbkube ct uhb klg)

us`kb~udvb `kudlg lf uhb ^doo<

Es' Khsd{udb: Tb{―kbsvdkò irkr{/ i`tcb gdeùdlg/ uhb bgelibusdri/

{l du—{ glu dg uhb `~~sl~sdùb klgedudlg fls sbkbdvdgm ` fbsudodzbe lvri' Uhb

`ruhlsdudb{ `msbb uhù }duh uhb OH `ge F[H kh`gmb{/ gl lvroùdlg lkkrs{1

uhb bmm d{g—u uhbsb ul cb fbsudodzbe'

Es' Mloezdbhbs: [lib udib `ml ^dgkr{ flrge/ }hbg {uretdgm Bglvde

2 `ge 0>/ uhù klgkb~udlg{ lkkrssbe }duh uhb{b ~doo{' Ul ib hd{ bvdebgkb

dgedkùb{ uhù uhbsb ir{u glu cb irkh lf `g `guddi~o`guùdlg bffbku lg uhb

bgelibusdri df ` }li`g k`g {ad~ ` vbst)hdmh)el{b LK fls ` fb} e`t{ `ge

cbklib ~sbmg`gu' Df uhbsb d{ `g `guddi~o`guùdlg bffbku/ du kbsu`dgot d{ `c)

{bgu dg {lib k`{b{'80

Uhb{b {uùbibgu{ `sb {dmgdfdk`gu/ cru uhbt lgot pròdft uhb ilrg)

u`dg lf luhbs bvdebgkb/ uhbt el glu sbfrub du' Es' Khsd{udb `kagl}obemb{

uhb guddi~o`guùdlg bffbku lf uhb doo/ cru {`t{ uhù }duh uhb ~sl~bs khbid)

kò kh`gmb{ gl lvroùdlg lkkrs{' Hb d{ {rsbot glu ko`didgm uhù uhb{b

khbidkò kh`gmb{ ò}`t{ h`~~bg dg uhb dgubgebe }`t/ gls d{ hb ebgtdgm

uhù lvroùdlg{ lkkrs ìlgm ^doo)uàbs{' Hb d{ }boo `}`sb uhù ~sbmg`g)

kdb{ lkkrs/ `{ Es' Mloezdbhbs klgfdsi{ dg uhb vbst gbxu {bgubgkb' Lcvd)

lr{ot/ fls bvbst ib`{rs`cob ~sbmg`gkt uhbsb `sb ` gricbs lf csbà)

uhslrmh lvroùdlg{'

Es' Mloezdbhbs/ }hl{b l}g }lsa/ kdube bo{b}hbsb dg uhd{ clla/ `k)

agl}obemb{ uhb guddi~o`guùdlg bffbku/ ffdsi{ uhù ‟du kbsu`dgot d{ c{bgu dg

{lib k`{b{'’ Dslgdkòot/ uhd{ prluùdlg {{rib{ uhb vbst uhdgm uhb ~ht{dkd`g

mdvdgm uhb obuubs ul hbs ~`{uls }`{ ustdgm ul `{{rsb hdi }`{g—u usrb' ]hbg

tlr {`t uhb bffbku lf ~sbvbgudgm di~o`guùdlg d{ `c{bgu dg {lib k`{b{/ tlr

`sb di~otdgm du d{ ~sb{bgu dg {lib k`{b{' (Dg `gt k`{b/ ` ~ht{dkd`g }slub ul

ib uhù uhb hdmh)el{b Bglvde Mloezdbhbs sbfbs{ ul d{ gl olgmbs ièb'$

@m`dg/ gl lgb ko`di{ uhb ^doo—{ edidgd{hdgm lf uhb bgelibusdri ò)

}`t{ iàb{ di~o`guùdlg di~l{{dcob' Lcvdlr{ot du elb{g—u' Uhb d{{rb d{

}hbuhbs du {libudib{ elb{' Uhù ~o`gu{ k`g `ge el msl} uhslrmh ks`ka{ dg

esdvb}`t{ elb{ glu gbmùb uhb f`ku uhù uhbt }doo ilsb odabot msl} dg uhb

udoobe/ fbsudob {ldo lf uhb m`sebg' Uhb ^doo—{ kh`gmdgm uhb bgelibusdri fsli



5;

fbsudob ul dghl{~du`cob elb{ glu o}`t{ sb{rou dg `g clsudlg/ cru {libudib{ du

elb{' @ge ‟{libudib{’ d{ òo du uàb{'

D h`vb cbflsb ib ` flrs ~`mb obuubs fsli ` ~slodfb ~ht{dkd`g/ `{{rsdgm

uhb sbkd~dbgu uhù uhb doo/ Gls~o`gu ge Eb~l)^slvbs` sb glu clsudf`kdbgu{/}hdob SR)586/ uhb ‟ilsgdgm `fubs ~doo’ `ge uhb ‟idgd~doo’ `sb' Uhb obuubs d{

}boo }sduubg/ cru du d{ id{{dgm ` ksrkdò bobibgu―du elb{ glu kdub ` {dgmob

{uret ls ~slerkb `gt bvdebgkb }hù{lbvbs ul c`ka r~ `gt lf du{ ko`di{'

Dg uhb `c{bgkb lf `gt {rkh bvdebgkb/ D ì flskbe ul klgkoreb uhù uhd{

obuubs d{ {di~ot {dgkbsb bx~sb{{dlg lf uhb ~ht{dkd`g—{ ~bs{lgò cbodbf{' Rg)

flsurgùbot/ cbodbf{ el glu klg{udurub bvdebgkb'

]hbg D {rciduube ul hdi ` hòf elzbg lf uhb {lrskb{ D—vb kdube dg uhd{

clla/ ` ~slodfb ~ht{dkd`g }slub uhd{ ul ib:

Du d{ agl}g f`ku uhù 6" lf }libg lg CK^{ }doo cbklib ~sbmg`gu

}hdob lg uhb ~doo/ ib`gdgm uhù kbsvdkò irklr{ f`dobe/ lvroùdlg lkkrssbe/

`ge di~o`guùdlg }`{ {rkkb{{fro' Uhd{ di~odb{ uhù }hbg CK^{ elg—u }lsa/

du d{ cbk`r{b uhbt uluòot f`do/ `ge uhù }hbg ibkh`gd{i{ 0 `ge 3 elg—u

}lsa/ di~o`guùdlg d{ glu ~sbvbgube ct uhb CK^{ k`r{dgm `g b`sot `cls)

udlg' Df D cbodbvbe CK^{ }lsabe ct k`r{dgm `clsudlg/ D }lroeg—u sbkli)

ibge uhbi' D fdsiot cbodbvb uhù }hbg uhbt }lsa/ uhbt }lsa ct ~sbvbgudgm

lvroùdlg `ge ct ksbùdlg lf uhdka kbsvdkò irkr{'

D el glu prb{udlg uhd{ ~ht{dkd`g—{ {dgkbsdut/ cru D el prb{udlg hd{ olmdk'

]b el glu agl} hl} lfubg ibkh`gd{i gricbs lgb/ u}l ls uhsbb `kuròot

}lsa' ]b lgot agl} uhù {libudib{ oo uhsbb f`do' Cru cbk`r{b gricbs lgb

`ge u}l {libudib{ f`do/ gl lgb uhbsbflsb klgkoreb{ uhù uhbt ò}`t{ f`do' [l

}ht klgkoreb uhù cbk`r{b gricbs uhsbb {libudib{ f`do{/ uhbsbflsb du ò)

}`t{ f`do{<

Hl} k`g }b olla ù ` agl}g ~sbmg`gkt/ }hdkh ~slvb{ uhb f`dorsb lf òo uhsbb ibkh`gd{i{/ uhbg klgkoreb uhù gricbs lgb `ge gricbs u}l gls)

iòot }lsa/ cru gricbs uhsbb gbvbs }lsa{< Uhb olmdk b{k`~b{ ib' Df gri)

cbs uhsbb edeg—u dgvlovb `g `clsudlg/ D elg—u uhdga `gtlgb }lroe ebgt du

h`~~bg{' Du ~~b`s{ uhd{ ebgdò d{ glu ~sli~ube ct `gt sbò bvdebgkb/ cru ct

uhb eb{dsb uhb bvdebgkb glu cb usrb'

@ gricbs lf ~bl~ob h`vb {bgu ib sb{~lg{b{ fsli Khsd{ud`g lsm`gdz`)udlg{ uhbt h`vb sbkbdvbe `fubs }sdudgm ul `{a df uhb ^doo sbòot k`r{b{ `cls)

udlg{' Uhb{b obuubs{ s`d{b v`sdlr{ `smribgu{ }hdkh D èesb{{ dg uhb ‟Lcjbk)

udlg{’ {bkudlg ù uhb bge lf uhd{ clla'

Lgb lf uhb{b obuubs{/ eùbe Lkulcbs 3=/ 0442/ {uùb{ uhù uhb doo ‟s`sbot/

df bvbs/ ~bsidu{ klgkb~udlg'’



55

Uhb ubsi ‟df bvbs’ d{ kbsu`dgot fò{b/ {dgkb uhb CK^ i`grf`kursbs{

uhbi{bovb{ eidu ;" lf uhl{b uàdgm uhb doo bx~bsdbgkb ~sbmg`gkt dg gt

mdvbg tb`s' Dg f`ku/ sbkbgu sb{b`skh dgedkùb{ uhù fdmrsb i`t cb klg{debs`cot

hdmhbs―r~ ul 5" fls ‟mlle kli~odbs{’ ge 8" fls ‟~lls kli~odbs{'’83

Uhb obuubs mlb{ lg ul {`t uhù ‟ksdudkd{i lf lsò klgus`kb~udlg hb`~{

gbbeob{{ mrdou r~lg }libg }hl odubsòot k`gglu r{b `gt luhbs ibuhle lf klgus`kb~udlg―mrdou }hdkh {bbi{ b{~bkdòot rggbkb{{`st…’

Uhb obuubs elb{ glu ebò }duh uhb d{{rb lf }hù d{ usrb gb`sot { irkh {

uhb d{{rb lf hl} cè {lib ~bl~ob fbbo }hbg uhbt hb`s uhù uhb ^doo k`r{b{

`clsudlg{' Uhb obuubs/ fsli ` fdgb lsm`gdzùdlg/ mlb{ lg ul {`t uhd{:

Lrs ~slmsìidgm {u`ff h`{ klib ul uhb klgkor{dlg uhù du idmhu

cb }d{b{u ul `vlde frsuhbs ed{kr{{dlg{ lf uhd{ {rcjbku lg uhb `ds' Uhb

o`{u udib }b lffbsbe {rkh ` cslèk`{u/ uhb bg{rdgm i`do sbvbòbe hl}

vbst }deb d{ uhb `ss`t lf l~dgdlg{ uhù bxd{u{ ìlgm kliiduube cbodbv)bs{ d{ uhd{ `sb`' ' ' Du {bbi{ }b `sb clrge ul lffbge {liblgb `{ {llg `{

}b l~bg lrs ilruh{/ `ge }b klgudgrb ul sbkbdvb ksdudkd{i fsli od{ubg)

bs{ }duh edffbsdgm ~bs{~bkudvb{ eb{~dub lrs ùubi~u{ ul ~sb{bgu ` cò)

`gkbe usbùibgu lf uhb {rcjbku' Uhd{ d{ }ht }b h`vb gl ~o`g{ fls frursb

~slmsì{ lf uhd{ adge'

D cbodbvb uhb }sdubs hlgb{uot uhlrmhu hb `g{}bsbe uhb dgprdst' Dg f`ku/

hb ede oduuob ilsb uh`g ~ldgu lru uhb v`sdbut lf l~dgdlg{ }duhdg uhb Khsd{ud`gkliirgdut/ }duhlru lffbsdgm bvdebgkb ul {rmmb{u }hdkh idmhu cb sdmhu' ]hdob

uhb obuubs m`vb uhb kob`s di~sb{{dlg uhù uhb ^doo elb{ glu k`r{b `clsudlg{/ du

ede glu kdub gt bvdebgkb ul dgedkùb du elb{ glu/ ge ede gluhdgm ul sbfrub uhb

{rc{u`gudò bvdebgkb uhù du elb{'

@gluhbs obuubs/ }sduubg @rmr{u ;/ 0442/ ct ` edffbsbgu ~bs{lg ù uhb

{ìb lsm`gdzùdlg/ }`{ bi~hùdk:

]b h`vb klg{roube }duh ibedkò evd{ls{ }hl h`vb sbvdb}be }bòuh

lf kli~bubgu/ {kdbgudfdk sb{b`skh lg uhd{ d{{rb' Dg uhbds l~dgdlg/ uhb{b {ure)db{ {rmmb{u uhù uhb ^doo elb{ glu `ku `{ `g `clsudf`kdbgu1 sùhbs du }lsa{

{lobot ct ~sbvbgudgm lvroùdlg' Bvbg dg uhb s`sb bvbgu uhù klgkb~udlg uàb{

~o`kb/ uhbt el glu cbodbvb uhù du d{ `kkrsùb ul ùusdcrub uhb ~l{{dcdodut lf

uhb klgkb~ur{ f`dodgm ul di~o`gu ul uhb `kudlg lf uhb ^doo'

[lib sbkd~dbgu{ lf {rkh ` obuubs }doo klib `}`t `{{rsbe uhbt gl}

agl} uhb usruh clru uhb doo―du gbvbs k`r{b{ clsudlg{' Rgflsurgùbot/ }hdob

{lrgedgm ksbedcob/ uhb obuubs iàb{ ` ~slv`cot fò{b {uùbibgu (uhù uhb ^doo‟}lsa{ {lobot ct ~sbvbgudgm lvroùdlg’$' Frsuhbsilsb/ du elb{ glu lffbs `

{dgmob sbfbsbgkb ul {l irkh `{ ` prlub/ gìb/ clla/ `sudkob/ obkursb ls `gt

{lrskb }hù{lbvbs ul c`ka r~ du{ ko`di{'

]b kòobe uhb lsm`gdzùdlg ul dgprdsb klgkbsgdgm uhb debgudut lf

`gt lf uhd{ ‟}bòuh lf kli~bubgu/ {kdbgudfdk sb{b`skh’ uhù {r~~lsu{ uhd{



52

ebfdgdudvb {uùbibgu uhù uhb ^doo elb{g—u k`r{b `clsudlg{' D }`{ vbst

b`mbs ul bxìdgb {rkh iùbsdò' Cluh }sdubs{ lf uhb{b obuubs{ sb gl olgmbs

}duh uhd{ lsm`gdzùdlg/ `ge uhb ~bs{lg }b {~lab }duh }`{ glu `}`sb lf

`gt {rkh sb{b`skh `ge klroe glu ~ldgu r{ ul}`se du' (Kbsu`dgot/ df {rkh

dgflsiùdlg bxd{u{/ uhb sb{b`skh eb~`suibgu{ lf uhb ^doo i`grf`kursbs{

`sb glu }`sb lf du' Df uhbt }bsb/ uhbt }lroe kdub du }hbg kòobe ct ~bl~obodab it{bof }hl{b idge{ }lroe cb sbodbvbe ct `gt bvdebgkb uhù uhb doo

elb{g—u k`r{b `clsudlg{'$

Uhlrmh D ì glu prb{udlgdgm dgubmsdut ls iludvb{/ du d{ ~`sudkro`sot

rgflsurgùb }hbg Khsd{ud`g lsm`gdzùdlg mdvb{ dgkli~obub/ dg`kkrsùb ge

id{obèdgm dgflsiùdlg ul uhl{b dgprdsdgm `clru uhb ^doo cbk`r{b uhbt {dg)

kbsbot }`gu ul vlde jbl~`sedzdgm uhb odvb{ lf rgclsg khdoesbg'

]sdudgm dg ~l~ro`s }libg—{ i`m`zdgb/ Khsd{ud`g fìdot ~ht{dkd`g

{uùb{ uhù {lib ~bl~ob h`vb bx~sb{{be klgkbsg uhù glg)c`ssdbs cdsuh klg)

uslo ibuhle{ i`t ~sbvbgu di~o`guùdlg' Hb uhbg {`t{ uhd{:

]hdob glu ù òo odab uhb ebodcbsùb eb{usrkudlg lf uhb msl}dgm fbur{

uhù lkkrs{ ersdgm ` ‟uhbs`~brudk’ `clsudlg/ uhd{ dgubssr~udlg lf uhb b`sodb{u

{u`mb{ lf hri`g odfb klroe cb klg{debsbe `g rgdgubgudlgò `clsudlg' 8;

‟Klroe cb klg{debsbe `g rgdgubgudlgò `clsudlg’< Hl} klroe du cbklg{debsbe `gtuhdgm bo{b< ‟ Glu ù òo odab uhb ebodcbsùb eb{usrkudlg lf uhb

msl}dgm fbur{’< Du i`t glu cb ebodcbsùb/ cru uhù elb{g—u iàb du ruubsot

rgodab oùbs `clsudlg{' Du d{ rgodab uhbi dg dgubgu / cru bx`kuot odab uhbi dg

bffbku ―cluh adoo khdoe' (Uhb khdoe }hl edb{ d{ o{l ‟msl}dgm/’ jr{u odab uhb

fbur{ dg oùbs `clsudlg{'$

Uhb {ìb ~ht{dkd`g {`t{ uhd{ klgkbsgdgm uhb ^doo:

Uhb ~l{{dcdodut lf `g ‟rgfsdbgeot rubsr{’ ~sbvbgudgm ~sbmg`gkt h`{

olgm cbbg ibgudlgbe dg uhb {u`ge`se FE@)`~~slvbe ~slerku odubsùrsb fls

lsò klgus`kb~udvb{/ cru gricbs lf sb{b`skhbs{ sbg—u klgvdgkbe uhd{ uàb{

~o`kb' Lvbsòo/ uhb odabodhlle lf {rkh rgdgubgudlgò `clsudlg{ `~~b`s{ ul cb

bxusbibot sbilub/ df glu dgfdgdub{diò'85

Uhb `ruhls elb{ glu kdub {uredb{ fsli `gt lf uhb{b rgklgvdgkbe sb)

{b`skhbs{/ gls elb{ hb debgudft uhbi' Uhb lgot bvdebgkb hb ~sb{bgu{ fls cls)

udlg{ cbdgm ‟bxusbibot sbilub’ d{ uhù ‟uhb fbsudodzbe bmm kuròot ~~b`s{ ul

cb prdub ~slfdkdbgu u crssl}dgm dgul uhb odgdgm lf uhb rubsr{'’ Hb {`t{ uhd{ d{ebilg{usùbe ct }libg }hl cbklib ~sbmg`gu `fubs id{{dgm ` {dgmob el{b

lf uhb ^doo/ `ge bvbg `fubs glu id{{dgm `gt ù òo'

Lgkb `m`dg/ uhb f`ku uhù di~o`guùdlg {libudib{ uàb{ ~o`kb eb{~dub

uhb doo—{ ksbùdlg lf g dghl{~du`cob bgelibusdri dg gl }`t gbmùb{ uhb f`ku

uhù du lkkrs{ ilsb lfubg dg ` hl{~du`cob bgelibusdri'



56

@ ~hlulkl~dbe ~`mb fsli `g `sudkob }`{ {bgu ul ib ct ` sbèbs/ cru

rgflsurgùbot uhb gìb ge eùb lf uhb ~rcodkùdlg d{g—u dgkorebe ge D h`vb

cbbg rg`cob ul us`kb du' Uhb `sudkob d{ `g bxkbs~u fsli ` {~bbkh ct ` ~slodfb

~ht{dkd`g gìbe Es' I`{usld`ggd:

‟Du—{ o{l di~lsu`gu/’ Es' I`{usld`ggd èebe/ ‟}hbg uòadgm `clru

lsò klgus`kb~udlg/ ul ed{~bo `gt deb` uhù uhb ~doo `ku{ `{ `g `clsudf`)

kdbgu' ^sl~`m`ge` h`{ obe {lib ~bl~ob ul cbodbvb uhù {libhl} uhb

~doo }lsa{ `fubs fbsudodzùdlg/ `ge uhù—{ frsuhbs fsli uhb usruh uh`g

`gtuhdgm D k`g uhdga lf' Uhb ~doo }lsa{ ct dghdcdudgm lvroùdlg/ `{ }boo

`{ ct uhdkabgdgm uhb kbsvdkò irkr{ `ge uhbsbflsb dghdcdudgm {~bsi

idmsùdlg'’82

Uhd{ klgfdebgu ko`di d{ ièb }duhlru uhb lffbs lf gt bvdebgkb ul {r~)~lsu du' Obvbodgm uhb `kkr{ùdlg lf ‟~sl~`m`ge`’ d{ glu uhb {ìb `{ ~sb{bgu)

dgm bvdebgkb/ ls sbfrudgm du'

]hbg uhb {kdbgudfdk `ge ibedkò {lrskb{/ dgkoredgm glu jr{u sbfbsbgkb

clla{ cru {uredb{ sb~lsube dg ibedkò jlrsgò{ lvbs ebkèb{/ klg{d{ubguot

`ffdsi uhbsb d{ `g `gud)di~o`guùdlg bffbku lf uhb ^doo/ hl} k`g ` ~ht{dkd`g

{uùb uhd{ ul cb ‟frsuhbs fsli uhb usruh uh`g `gtuhdgm D k`g uhdga lf’< ]hbg

uhb{b {lrskb{ klg{d{ubguot `ge sb~bùbeot klgkoreb uhbsb `sb ù ob`{u uhsbb

}`t{ uhb ^doo }lsa{―lgb lf }hdkh d{ kob`sot `clsudvb―hl} k`g {liblgbebfdgdudvbot {`t uhbsb `sb sbòot lgot u}l<

D el glu klg{debs uhd{ prluùdlg fsli }boo)ib`gdgm ~slodfb ~ht{dkd`g

`{ bvdebgkb lf `gtuhdgm cru uhb hri`g ubgebgkt ul ebgt {libuhdgm }b el

glu }d{h ul cbodbvb' (Df ` sbèbs agl}{ Es' I`{usld`ggd/ `ge hb elb{ h`vb

bvdebgkb fls hd{ cbodbf{/ D }lroe vbst irkh odab ul {bb du/ `ge }doo moèot

sbvd{b uhd{ clla kklsedgmot'$

Es' ]doodì Kloodulg/ }hl d{ klgvdgkbe lf uhb `clsudf`kdbgu gùrsb lf

uhb doo/ sbfbs{ ul {lib gbkeluò bx~bsdbgkb uhù i`t klgusdcrub ul}`se uhb

mbgbsò cbodbf lf i`gt ~ht{dkd`g{ uhù gl clsudlg{ lkkrs }hdob }li`g d{

lg uhb doo' ]duh sbm`se ul kodgdkò bvdebgkb hb }sdub{ uhù uhb ~ht{dkd`g i`t

‟glub uhù uhb ut~dkò kodgdkò ~dkursb lf {~lgu`gblr{ clsudlg (hb`vt cobbe)

dgm/ {bvbsb ksì~dgm/ ~`{{`mb lf ud{{rb$ d{ s`sbot/ df bvbs/ {bbg ct ~s`kudkdgm

~ht{dkd`g{ k`sdgm fls ~ùdbgu{ lg uhb ^doo'’Hb uhbg }sdub{/

Uhbt {bbi ul lvbsolla uhb f`ku uhù uhb `clsudlg{ k`r{be ct uhb CK^

lkkrs }hbg uhb c`ct d{ 2 ul 05)06 e`t{ loe `ge uhù uhb odgdgm lf uhb rubsr{

d{ ‘ob{{ v`{kro`s/ ob{{ mo`gero`s/ uhdggbs— uh`g glsiò `{ uhbt eb{ksdcb du'

Fsli uhb kodgdkò ~bs{~bkudvb/ lgb }lroe `gudkd~ùb ` glg)bvbgu'86



5=

Dg luhbs }lse{/ uhb f`ku uhù ` usbùdgm ~ht{dkd`g elb{ glu {bb ut~dkò

{ti~uli{ sboùbe ul id{k`ssd`mb d{ gl ~sllf uhù `g `clsudlg h`{ glu lk)

krssbe' @fubs oo/ {deb bffbku lf uhb doo d{ ibglsshb`1 uhb rubsdgb bgvdslg)

ibgu d{ kh`gmbe {l uhù uhbsb d{ ‟gl ibg{usrò fol} }hbg lg uhb csbà fsli

uhb hlsilgb{'’8= Uhb{b kh`gmb{ bxkoreb glsiò {ti~uli{ lf id{k`ssd`mb/

`ge uhbsbflsb uhb o`ka lf uhl{b {ti~uli{ ~slvb{ gluhdgm'

Lgb ~ht{dkd`g ~sb{bgube ib }duh ` {uret lf Gls~o`gu/ }hdkh hb cb)

odbvb{ kòo{ dgul prb{udlg uhb klgkb~u lf g dghl{~du`cob bgelibusdri:

@{ }duh luhbs hlsilgò klgus`kb~udvb{/ Gls~o`gu r{b d{ `{{lkdùbe

}duh {r~~sb{{be bgelibusdò ebvbol~ibgu…Lvroùdlg dghdcdudlg d{ uhb

~sdi`st ibkh`gd{i lf Gls~o`gu—{ klgus`kb~udvb `kudlg' Lvroùdlg i`t

lkkrs/ hl}bvbs/ dg `clru 52" lf uhb ktkob{ lf olgm)ubsi r{bs{ lf Gls~o`gu…ù ob`{u u}l òubsgùdvb ibkh`gd{i{ k`g cb ~l{uroùbe…uhb

hl{udodut lf uhb kbsvdkò irkr{ ul {~bsi ~bgbusùdlg/ `ge di~`dsbe iùrs`)

udlg lf uhb llktub/ sbgebsdgm du glgfbsudodz`cob cbk`r{b lf ol} obvbo{ lf

floodkob){udiroùdgm hlsilgb `ge OH uhù lkkrs ersdgm r{b lf Gls~o`gu'88

Uhb `ruhls{ cbodbvb uhù mdvbg uhbds ibuhle lf {uret ‟du }lroe h`vb

cbbg ~l{{dcob ul debgudft ibg{usrò `clsudlg{ df uhbt hè lkkrssbe'’ Uhbt

{uùb {rkh bvdebgkb }`{ `c{bgu' Uhb `sudkob bge{ ct {`tdgm/ ‟]b klgkorebfsli uhb{b eù` uhù ~l{ufbsudodz udlg dgubssr~udlg lf b`sot ~sbmg`gkt (ibg)

{usrò clsudlg$ elb{ glu ~o`t slob dg uhb ibkh`gd{i lf kudlg lf Gls~o`gu'’

Cbk`r{b cluh klgu`dg ~slmb{udg/ uhb ~ht{dkd`g }hl {hl}be ib uhb {uret

fbou uhb klgkor{dlg ~bsu`dgbe glu lgot ul Gls~o`gu/ cru uhb ^doo' Uhbsb `sb

{bvbsò ~slcobi{ hbsb' Fds{u/ uhb {uret }`{ elgb lg Gls~o`gu/ glu uhb ^doo'

]hdob cluh h`vb ~slmb{udg/ uhbt `sb glu uhb {ìb ~slerku―Gls~o`gu—{ l~)

bsùdvb khbidkò d{ ~slmb{udg lgot/ }hdob uhb klicdgùdlg ~doo ò{l klgu`dg{

b{uslmbg' Uhb khbidkò ilrgu{/ hl} uhbt {{didoùb dgul uhb clet ge luhbsf`kuls{ edffbs cbu}bbg uhb u}l ~slerku{' Uhd{ {uret—{ sb{rou{ el glu klssb)

{~lge ul uhl{b lf i`gt luhbs {uredb{ lf Gls~o`gu/ `ge du i`t ls i`t glu cb

`ruhbgudkùbe ct frsuhbs {uredb{' Dg `gt k`{b/ {uredb{ lg Gls~o`gu `ge uhb

^doo `sb glu dgubskh`gmb`cob'

[bklge/ uhb f`ku sbi`dg{ uhù {lib }libg uàdgm Gls~o`gu mbu ~sbm)

g`gu' Lcvdlr{ot/ uhbg/ lvri `sb glu ò}`t{ eì`mbe/ `ge `sb glu ò}`t{

dgk`~`cob lf cbdgm fbsudodzbe' Hbgkb/ uhb ‟eì`mbe bmm’ ibkh`gd{i/ odab oo

luhbs{/ elb{ glu o}`t{ }lsa'Uhdse/ uhd{ {uret }`{ elgb lg lgot uhdsut)u}l }libg' Uhd{ d{ ull {iòo

` {ì~odgm ul sb`kh ebfdgdudvb klgkor{dlg{' [uredb{ }duh {iòo ub{u mslr~{

i`t cb hbo~fro `{ klgfdsiùdlg{ lf b{u`cod{hbe sb{b`skh/ cru uhbt `sb glu

{rffdkdbgu ul }`ss`gu {dmgdfdk`gu kh`gmb{ dg klgkor{dlg{/ `~`su fsli o`smbs

{uredb{ {hl}dgm uhbi ul cb vòde'



58

Flrsuh/ df du h`{ gt ~bsudgbgkb u oo ul uhb doo/ }hdkh d{ rgkbsu`dg/ uhd{

{uret }lroe h`vb ul cb }bdmhbe m`dg{u oo uhb luhbs {lrskb{/ glu ul ibgudlg

kliilg {bg{b/ uhù klggbku `g ùsl~hdbe bgelibusdri ul ` {iòobs odabod)

hlle lf di~o`guùdlg' @oo uhb doo i`grf`kursbs{/ }hl h`vb elgb ct f`s uhb

il{u sb{b`skh lg uhb iùubs/ klgkoreb uhù uhb doo ~slerkb{ g dghl{~du`cob

bgelibusdri uhù sberkb{ uhb odabodhlle lf di~o`guùdlg' Du }lroe uàb klg){debs`cot ilsb bvdebgkb uh`g uhd{ {iòo {uret―`ge bvdebgkb edsbkuot ~bs)

u`dgdgm ul uhb ^doo/ glu Gls~o`gu―ul {u`ka r~ `m`dg{u uhb b{u`cod{hbe bvd)

ebgkb uhù uhb ^doo k`r{b{ `clsudlg{'

@ {uslgm {uùbibgu `m`dg{u uhb deb` uhù uhb ^doo k`g k`r{b `clsudlg{

}`{ d{{rbe dg J`gr`st 0448/ fdvb ilguh{ `fubs uhb lsdmdgò ~sdgudgm lf uhd{

clla' (@ge/ du h`{ cbbg {rmmb{ube ul ib/ o`smbot dg sb{~lg{b ul du'$ @kklse)dgm ul ` J`gr`st ;>/ 0448 bi`do {bgu ib ct lgb lf du{ kdskroùls{/ uhb {uùb)

ibgu ‟d{ kloo`clsùdvb bfflsu ct {bvbsò vbst kudvb ~sl)odfb LC)MTG {~b)

kdòd{u{/ `ge {ksbbgbe uhslrmh `clru u}bgut èedudlgò LC)MTG {~bkdò)

d{u{'’

Uhb {uùbibgu d{ bguduobe ‟Cdsuh Klguslo ^doo{: Klgus`kb~udvb ls

@clsudf`kdbgu<’ Uhl{b }d{hdgm ul sbè du dg du{ bgudsbut/ }hdkh D sbkli)

ibge/ k`g fdge du ù lrs BÎ }bc ~`mb/ ù }}}'b~i'lsm,elkuls{'huio' D

h`vb ~l{ube du uhbsb cbk`r{b }hdob D ed{`msbb }duh du{ i`jls ~sbid{b `gev`sdlr{ {uùbibgu{ dg du/ D cbodbvb du eb{bsvb{ ` hb`sdgm'

Uhb uduob d{ {lib}hù id{obèdgm/ dg uhù du di~odb{ uhbsb `sb lgot u}l

}`t{ ul olla ù uhb ^doo: ò}`t{ ` klgus`kb~udvb ls ò}`t{ `g `clsudf`kdbgu'

Dg f`ku/ D agl} lf gl lgb }hl cbodbvb{ du d{ ò}`t{ `g `clsudf`kdbgu' Uhbsb

`sb lgot uhl{b }hl cbodbvb du d{ ò}`t{ ` klgus`kb~udvb `ge gbvbs `g `clsud)

f`kdbgu/ `ge uhl{b }hl cbodbvb du d{ r{ròot ` klgus`kb~udvb `ge {libudib{

`g `clsudf`kdbgu' (Uhd{ id{obèdgm uduob {bu{ r~ ` {us`} i`g `smribgu/ {dgkb

du d{ b`{t ul ~slvb uhb ^doo elb{ glu ò}`t{ k`r{b `clsudlg{'$Uhb ~`~bs l~bg{ }duh uhd{ {uùbibgu:

Krssbguot uhb ko`di uhù hlsilgò klgus`kb~udvb{ Qcdsuh klguslo ~doo{/

di~o`gu{ (Gls~o`gu$/ dgjbku`cob{ (Eb~l^slvbs`$Y dgkoreb `g `clsudf`kdbgu

ibkh`gd{i lf `kudlg d{ cbdgm }debot ed{{bidgùbe dg uhb ~sl)odfb kliir)

gdut' Uhd{ uhblst d{ bibsmdgm }duh uhb `{{ribe {uùr{ lf ‟{kdbgudfdk f`ku/’

`ge d{ k`r{dgm {dmgdfdk`gu klgfr{dlg ìlgm cluh o`t `ge ibedkò ~sl)odfb

~bl~ob' ]duh uhd{ klgfr{dlg dg uhb s`ga{ klib{ ` {dmgdfdk`gu }bàbgdgm lf cluh lrs ksbedcdodut }duh uhb mbgbsò ~rcodk `ge lrs bffbkudvbgb{{ `m`dg{u

uhb udeb lf bobkudvb `clsudlg'84

Uhb prb{udlg lf }hbuhbs uhb ~sb{bguùdlg lf sb{b`skh ge ibedkò l~dg)

dlg{/ {rkh `{ uhl{b dg uhd{ clla/ k`r{b{ ‟klgfr{dlg’ d{ dgubsb{udgm' Elb{ du

k`r{b klgfr{dlg/ ls elb{ du csdgm ul odmhu ~bsudgbgu dgflsiùdlg dg g osbèt



54

bxd{udgm {uùb lf klgfr{dlg< ]lroe }b cb cbuubs lff ul rgksdudkòot bics`kb

}hù }b h`vb ò}`t{ cbodbvbe uh`g ul f`kb bvdebgkb uhù i`t khòobgmb du<

D{ lrs ksbedcdodut `ge bffbkudvbgb{{ }bàbgbe uhslrmh ~sb{bgudgm bvd)

ebgkb uhù dgedkùb{ uhb ^doo k`g k`r{b `clsudlg{< D—oo klib c`ka ul uhd{ `ge

sboùbe lcjbkudlg{ oùbs/ cru D uhdga }b gbbe ul kliidu lrs{bovb{ ul ed{klvbs)

dgm `ge {h`sdgm uhb usruh sbm`seob{{ lf }hbuhbs du d{ }boo)sbkbdvbe ct uhbmbgbsò ~rcodk ls uhb Khsd{ud`g kliirgdut'

Uhb ~ht{dkd`g{— {uùbibgu—{ i`jls uhb{d{ d{ uhd{―uhb deb` uhù uhb doo

k`r{b{ ` hl{udob bgelibusdri d{ ` ituh:

Lvbs udib/ uhb eb{ksd~udvb ubsi ‟hl{udob bgelibusdri’ ~slmsb{{be ul

cb `g rgkhòobgmbe `{{ri~udlg/ uhbg ul cb pr`{d){kdbgudfdk f`ku/ `ge gl}/

fls {lib dg uhb ~sl)odfb kliirgdut/ ul cb ` ~sllf ubxu' @ge òo }duh gl

ebilg{usùbe {kdbgudfdk vòdeùdlg'4>

]hbg D {hl}be uhd{ ul lgb ~slfb{{ls lf fìdot ibedkdgb hb sb~odbe/

‟Uhd{ d{ `g ì`zdgm ko`di'’ ]ht< Cbk`r{b/ hb ~ldgube lru/ du sbprdsb{ uhù

bvbst ~ht{dkd`g }hl h`{ edsbkuot lc{bsvbe uhb esìùdk ~doo)dgerkbe kh`gmb{

dg uhb bgelibusdri/ `ge bvbst ubxuclla uhù sbfbs{ ul uhb{b kh`gmb{/ h`{

cbbg }slgm oo olgm dg cbodbvdgm }hù ~~b`s{ ul cb lcvdlr{: uhù }hbg uhb

ztmlub uu`khb{ du{bof ul uhb bgelibusdri du{ kh`gkb{ lf {rsvdvò sb msbùbs

df }hù du uu`khb{ ul d{ uhdka ge sdkh dg grusdbgu{ ge lxtmbg uh`g df du d{ glu'

Uhd{ d{ àdg ul `gglrgkdgm ul ` mslr~ lf f`sibs{ uhù òo uhb{b tb`s{uhbt h`vb cbbg }slgm ul cbodbvb uhb ituh uhù sdkh fbsudodzbe {ldo d{ ilsb

odabot ul fl{ubs `ge i`dgu`dg ~o`gu odfb uh`g uhdg bslebe {ldo'

Du klroe cb smrbe uhù df gtuhdgm i`t k`r{b ~slodfbs{ ul ol{b ksbedcdo)

dut/ u ob`{u }duh uhl{b fìdod`s }duh }hù uhb doo elb{ ul uhb bgelibusdri/ du

d{ ul ko`di uhb ^doo elb{ gluhdgm ul iàb di~o`guùdlg ob{{ odabot'

Uhb ruhls{ ebfbge uhbds ~l{dudlg uhd{ }`t:

QUhb co`{ulkt{uY h`{ `g dgv`{dvb gùrsb/ }duh uhb ebilg{usùbe `cdo)

dut ul dgvèb/ fdge ` colle {r~~ot/ `ge {rkkb{{froot di~o`gu lg v`sdlr{

adge{ lf ud{{rb/ }hbuhbs ‟hl{udob/’ ls bvbg bgudsbot ‟flsbdmg’ ul du{ r{rò

bgvdslgibgu―ebkderòdzbe (uhdggbe$ bgelibusdri/ urcò b~duhbodri (odg)

dgm$/ lv`sd`g b~duhbodri (klvbsdgm$/ kbsvdkò b~duhbodri (odgdgm$/ bvbg ~bsd)

ulgbri (`celidgò odgdgm kboo{$…Uhb ~sb{ri~udlg uhù di~o`guùdlg lf `

co`{ulkt{u d{ uh}`sube ct ‟hl{udob bgelibusdri’ d{ klgusèdkube ct uhb ‟~doo

~sbmg`gkdb{’ }b `{ ~ht{dkd`g{ {bb'40

Uhd{ d{ vbst {dido`s ul uhb smribgu lf Es' [usruhbs{ u [b`sob/ uhb doo)i`grf`kursbs' Rgflsurgùbot/ du id{{b{ uhb ~ldgu/ {dgkb uhb prb{udlg d{ glu

}hbuhbs uhb ztmlub {libudib{ di~o`gu{ dg uhb }slgm ~o`kb' Lf klrs{b du

elb{' Uhb prb{udlg/ sùhbs/ d{ }hbuhbs uhb gb}ot)klgkbdvbe khdoe—{ kh`gkb{

lf {rsvdvò `sb msbùbs }hbg du di~o`gu{ dg uhb sdmhu ~o`kb (bgelibusdri$

uhù d{ uhdka `ge sdkh `ge froo lf grusdbgu{ uh`g dg lgb }hdkh o`ka{ uhb{b



2>

pròdudb{ cbk`r{b lf uhb ^doo' Ul ~ldgu lru co`{ulkt{u d{ k`~`cob lf di~o`gu)

dgm dg fòol~d`g urcb ls uhdggbe bgelibusdri d{ adg ul ~ldgudgm ul {bbe

uhù cbmdg{ ul msl} lg `{~hòu ls {~sdgm{ r~ lg uhb h`se est ~ùh' Tb{/ uhb

{bbe d{ uhbsbct {hl}g ul h`vb g dgv`{dvb gùrsb' Cru {rsbot gl lgb cbodbvb{

du{ kh`gkb{ lf {rsvdvò sb { msbù lg uhdg h`se slkat ~ùh { dg kroudvùbe

fbsudodzbe {ldo'@kklsedgm ul uhb {uùbibgu {dmgbe ct uhb u}bgut ~ht{dkd`g{/ ‟Uhb bg)

udsb ‘`clsudf`kdbgu— ~sb{ri~udlg/ uhbsbflsb/ eb~bge{ lg ‘hl{udob bg)

elibusdri—'’ @kuròot uhd{ d{g—u usrb/ {dgkb lgb lf uhb ~~`sbgu clsudf`kdbgu

bffbku{ lf uhb ^doo d{ }hù Es' Oblg [~bslff `ge luhbs{ sbfbs ul `{ ~bsd{uò{d{

}duhdg uhb fòol~d`g urcb' Uhd{ bffbku {~bbe{ r~ uhb co`{ulkt{u—{ us`vbo {l du

k`g sb`kh uhb rubsr{ cbflsb du—{ iùrsb bglrmh ul di~o`gu' Bvbg df uhb bg)

elibusdri }`{ glu òubsbe ul cbklib dghl{~du`cob/ uhd{ bffbku klroe {udoo

k`r{b `clsudlg{' (Du }lroe cb `kkrsùb ul {`t uhù uhb `clsudf`kdbgu cbodbf d{c`{be i`dgot/ uhlrmh glu bgudsbot/ lg uhb klgkb~u lf `g dghl{~du`cob bg)

elibusdri'$

Dg f`ku/ lgb gbbe glu bics`kb uhb ubsi ‟hl{udob’ bgelibusdri ul

cbodbvb uhb doo k`g k`r{b clsudlg{' Du elb{ glu uàb hl{udob ls bvbg g

dghl{~du`cob bgelibusdri ul kklrgu fls g dgksb`{b dg clsudlg{' Du lgot

uàb{ ` ob{{ hl{~du`cob bgelibusdri' Bvbg df uhbt fbbo ‟hl{udob’ d{ `g

lvbs{uùbibgu/ k`g gtlgb {bsdlr{ot smrb uhù uhb doo)us`g{flsibe bg)

elibusdri d{ glu ob{{ hl{~du`cob ul di~o`guùdlg uh`g uhb bgelibusdriù du{ sdkh uhdka grusdbgu)oèbg ~bà dg ` glsiò ktkob rgdgforbgkbe ct

uhb ^doo<

@ ~slfb{{ls lf fìdot ibedkdgb uloe ib uhù rgudo sbèdgm uhd{ {uùb)

ibgu hb hè gbvbs hb`se/ dg hd{ ebkèb{ dg uhb fdboe/ `gtlgb ebgt uhb sèdkò

kh`gmb{ dg uhb bgelibusdri k`r{be ct uhb doo ge uhb lcvdlr{ di~odkùdlg{

uhd{ h`{ fls sberkdgm uhb odabodhlle lf di~o`guùdlg' Uhd{ d{ }debot kkb~ube

`{ lcvdlr{ `ge {bof)bvdebgu' @kklsedgm ul uhd{ ~ht{dkd`g/ uhb f`ku uhù {bkr)

o`s {lrskb{ bics`kb uhd{ sbòdut `ge lgot ~slodfb Khsd{ud`g{ `sb gl} sbjbku)dgm du (dg odmhu lf uhb sbkbgu ùubgudlg lg uhb ^doo—{ klggbkudlg ul `clsudlg{$

{rmmb{u{ uhbt i`t cb {}`tbe ct vb{ube dgubsb{u{ dg uhb obmdudi`kt lf uhb

^doo'

Uhb ~`~bs {uùb{ ‟uhbsb `sb gl {kdbgudfdk {uredb{ uhù }b `sb `}`sb lf

}hdkh {rc{u`gudùb uhd{ ~sb{ri~udlg Quhù uhb edidgd{hbe bgelibusdri d{

ob{{ klgerkdvb ul di~o`guùdlgY'’ Cru du elb{g—u kdub `gt {uredb{/ ls luhbs

bvdebgkb/ uhù {rmmb{u luhbs}d{b'

Dg f`ku/ {rs~sd{dgmot/ uhlrmh uhb {uùbibgu {bgu ul ib d{ fdvb ~`mb{

olgm du klgu`dg{ glu {dgmob sbfbsbgkb ul gt {lrskb uhù c`ka{ r~ gt lf

du{ ko`di{' Df lc{bsvùdlg `ge kliilg {bg{b h`vb obe ~bl~ob dg ibed)

kdgb ul ~`sudkro`s klgkor{dlg lvbs ebkèb{/ {hlroe uhbds klgkor{dlg cb

sbjbkube lru lf h`ge }duhlru kdudgm {~bkdfdk sb{b`skh dgedkùdgm du ul cb

dgklssbku<



20

Lg }hdkh {deb elb{ uhb crsebg lf ~sllf fòo―uhb lgb uhù ko`di{ uhb

sèdkòot edidgd{hbe bgelibusdri dghdcdu{ di~o`guùdlg ls uhb lgb uhù ko`di{

du elb{g—u<

Uhb il{u ~lubgudòot {dmgdfdk`gu ~ldgu ièb dg uhb ~`~bs d{ uhd{:

Uhb bkul~dk sùb dg uhb R[@ d{ `clru 0" lf òo ~sbmg`gkdb{' [dgkb `g

bkul~dk ~sbmg`gkt dgvlovb{ ` ~sbdi~o`guùdlg co`{ulkt{u/ cluh uhb ‟lg ~dooklgkb~udlg’ `ge glsiò ‟glg ~doo klgkb~udlg’ bkul~dk sùb {hlroe cb uhb

{ìb―`clru o" (rg`ffbkube ct }hbuhbs uhb bgelibusdri d{ ‟hl{udob’ ls

‟fsdbgeot'’$ Bkul~dk ~sbmg`gkdb{ dg }libg lg hlsilgò klgus`kb~udlg

(bxkb~u fls uhb idgd~doo$ `sb ~s`kudkòot rgsb~lsube' Uhd{ }lroe {rmmb{u

klgkb~udlg lg uhb{b `mbgu{ d{ prdub s`sb' Df uhbsb `sb idoodlg{ lf ‟lg)~doo

klgkb~udlg{’ tb`sot/ ~slerkdgm idoodlg{ lf `clsudlg{/ (`{ {lib ‟CK ~doo d{

`clsudf`kdbgu’ mslr~{ òobmb$/ }b }lroe bx~bku ul {bb ` hrmb dgksb`{b dg

bkul~dk{ dg }libg lg hlsilgò cdsuh klguslo' ]b elg—u' Sùhbs/ { glube`clvb/ uhd{ d{ ` s`sb lkkrssbgkb'43

Uhb ~sbid{b lf uhd{ {uùbibgu d{ sdmhu lg u`smbu' Du d{ bx`kuot uhb

~sbid{b ~sl~l{be ct Es' ]òubs O`sdilsb/ }hdkh D—vb osbèt ~sb{bgube'

]hdob uhb {uùbibgu—{ ~sbid{b d{ klssbku/ du{ `kklrgu lf uhb eù`/ rgfls)

urgùbot/ d{ glu' Uhb fdvb {uredb{ ~ldgube ul ct Es' O`sdilsb/ kdube b`s)

odbs/ kob`sot ebilg{usùb uhb {uùbibgu d{ dgklssbku }hbg du ko`di{ bk)

ul~dk ~sbmg`gkdb{ dg }libg lg hlsilgò klgus`kb~udlg sb ‟~s`kudkòotrgsb~lsube’ `ge ‟s`sb'’

Uhd{ clla iàb{ gl ko`di{ { ul uhb uluò gricbs{ lf clsudlg{ k`r{be

ct uhb doo' Cru uhb {uùbibgu {dmgbe ct uhb u}bgut ~ht{dkd`g{ ffdsi{ uhù df

uhb ^doo k`r{be idoodlg{ lf `clsudlg{ }b }lroe ‟bx~bku ul {bb ` hrmb dg)

ksb`{b dg bkul~dk{ dg }libg lg hlsilgò cdsuh klguslo'’ Dg f`ku/ uhù d{

bx`kuot }hù }b el {bb―`g dgksb`{b uhù fdvb i`jls {uredb{ ~ru cbu}bbg

=>" `ge 0;4>"'

Dslgdkòot/ }hbg }b sbilvb uhb {uùbibgu—{ dgklssbku eù` `clru uhbbkul~dk ~sbmg`gkt sùb ge ~orm dg uhb klssbku eù`/ uhb {uùbibgu {r~~lsu{

uhb vbst uhdgm du uubi~u{ ul sbfrub' Du {rmmb{u{ uhb ^doo i`t dgebbe k`r{b

b`sot `clsudlg{/ ~l{{dcot ` vbst o`smb gricbs lf uhbi'

D h`vb cbbg uloe uhù uhb `clvb {uùbibgu fsli ~slodfb ~ht{dkd`g{ }`{

{bgu ul bvbst ~slodfb ~sbmg`gkt kbgubs dg uhb klrgust dg `g ùubi~u ul sb`{)

{rsb uhbi uhù uhb uòa clru uhb doo {libudib{ k`r{dgm clsudlg{ d{ dg`kkr)

sùb ge id{mrdebe' Rgflsurgùbot/ uhb {uùbibgu du{bof }`{ ~llsot sb{b`skhbe

`ge id{obèdgm' Hl}bvbs/ ~sbmg`gkt kbgubs{ sbkbdvdgm uhb {uùbibgu{ edeglu agl} uhd{' I`gt lf uhbi }bsb rgebs{u`ge`cot di~sb{{be ct uhb gricbs

lf ~slodfb ~ht{dkd`g{ `msbbdgm ul uhb {uùbibgu' Rgflsurgùbot/ du `~~b`s{

uhù vbst fb} lf uhb{b ~ht{dkd`g{ kuròot sb{b`skhbe uhb d{{rb' Uhbt ~~b`s

ul h`vb sbodbe òil{u kli~obubot lg uhb {dgkbsbot cbodbvbe cru f`rout ls cd)

`{be sb{b`skh lf ` fb}'



23

Dg sb{~lg{b ul uhb {uslgm {uùbibgu ~ru flsuh ct u}bgut lf uhbds }boo)

sb{~bkube kloob`mrb{/ gluhbs kloo`clsùdvb {uùbibgu }`{ d{{rbe u uhb 0448

ide)}dgubs mùhbsdgm lf uhb @ibsdk`g @{{lkdùdlg lf ^slodfb Lc{ubusdkd`g{

`ge Mtgbklolmd{u{ (@@ÔLM$' L~bgdgm uhb ebcùb/ Es' ìbo` [iduh {uùbe/

…du h`{ cbklib mo`sdgmot `~~`sbgu uhù gl} d{ uhb udib fls r{/ `{ `g

lsm`gdzùdlg/ ul {`do dgul uhb e`gmbslr{ `ge rgkh`sube }ùbs{ uhù }b h`vb

~bsh`~{ dgubgudlgòot `vldebe' Uhb{b `sb uhb ‟}ùbs{’ lf ~slodfb ~sdgkd~ob{

`{ uhbt sboùb ul fbsudodut klguslo'

D h`vb dgubgudlgòot r{be uhb }lse{ ‟fbsudodut klguslo’ sùhbs uh`g

klgus`kb~udlg fls ` gricbs lf sb`{lg{' Flsbil{u lf }hdkh d{ uhb s`mdgm

ilsò/ cdlolmdkò ge {kdbgudfdk ebcùb/ oil{u bxkor{dvbot }duhdg uhb ~slodfb

kliirgdut/ `{ ul }hbuhbs uhb ibkh`gd{i lf kbsu`dg fbsudodut klguslo ib`){rsb{ `sb klgus`kb~udvb ls `clsudf`kdbgu ù ` idksl{kl~dk obvbo'4;

Uhb @@ÔLM klgvbgudlg klgkorebe }duh elkribgu uhù dgkoreb{ uhb

flool}dgm {uùbibgu:

Uhb rgebs{dmgbe Q36 LC)MTG {~bkdòd{u{Y cbodbvb uhù uhb f`ku{ `{

ebu`dobe dg uhd{ elkribgu dgedkùb uhb `clsudf`kdbgu gùrsb lf hlsilgòklgus`kb~udlg' Uhd{ d{ {r~~lsube ct uhb {kdbgudfdk }lsa lf uhb @o`g

Mruui`khbs Dg{udurub }hdkh k`g/ dg gl }`t/ cb klgfr{be }duh ` sdmhu)ul)odfblsm`gdzùdlg' ]b ò{l }`gu ul iàb du kob`s uhù }b h`vb gl eb{dsb ul k`r{b

klgfr{dlg `ge edvd{dlg ìlgm ~slodfb flskb{' Hl}bvbs/ }b el }`gu ul iàb

du kob`s uhù }b el eb{dsb uhù òo }libg r{dgm uhb ^doo `sb usruhfroot `ge

froot dgflsibe `clru òo du{ ileb{ lf `kudlg Qdgkoredgm `clsudf`kdbguY' 45

@ kli~obub `sudkob bguduobe ‟Cdsuh Klguslo ^doo: @clsudf`kdbgu `ge

Klgus`kb~udvb’ ct ]doodì F' Kloodulg/ Js'/ I'E'/ F@KLM/ }hdkh dgkoreb{

uhb `clvb {uùbibgu{ k`g cb flrge ù uhb BÎ }bc ~`mb }}}'b~i'lsm,

36elkuls'huio'Du {hlroe ml }duhlru {`tdgm uhù uhb oùubs {uùbibgu {hlroe glu cb

sbm`sebe `{ ilsb ksbedcob {di~ot cbk`r{b du h`{ cbbg {dmgbe lg ul ct {dx

ilsb LC)MTG{ uh`g uhb ~sdls lgb' Uhb ~ldgu d{ glu gricbs{ (36 ~bl~ob k`g

cb }slgm `{ b`{dot `{ 3>$ cru `kkrs`kt lf sb{b`skh `ge bvdebgkb' D cbodbvb

uhù lg kol{b dg{~bkudlg (rgflsurgùbot uhd{ s`sbot uàb{ ~o`kb$ gb`sot òo

lcjbkudvb ~`sudb{ }lroe msbb uhù uhb {bklge {uùbibgu d{ c`{be lg {lrgebs

{kdbgkb uh`g uhb fds{u'

D el glu agl} hl} i`gt ~sbmg`gkt kbgubs{ h`vb sbkbdvbe ls sbè uhd{

{bklge elkribgu' D el agl}/ `{ lf oùb dg 3>>>/ i`gt {dgkbsb ~slodfbs{ `sb

{udoo kdudgm uhb b`sodbs {uùbibgu ge klgudgrb ul iàb dg`kkrsùb {uùbibgu{

{rkh `{ ‟Uhbsb—{ sbòot gl bvdebgkb uhb ^doo k`g k`r{b `clsudlg{’ ls bvbg

‟du—{ cbbg ~slvbg ct elkuls{ uhù uhb ^doo d{ gbvbs `g `clsudf`kdbgu'’ D }d{h

uhb{b {uùbibgu{ }bsb usrb' Rgflsurgùbot/ uhbt `sb glu'



2;

Hl} i`gt `clsudlg{ `sb k`r{be ct uhb ^doo< Uhd{ d{ edffdkrou ul ebubs)

idgb' Uhb `g{}bs eb~bge{ lg hl} lfubg uhb ^doo f`do{ ul ~sbvbgu lvroùdlg/

`ge hl} lfubg }hbg lvroùdlg f`do{ ge ~sbmg`gkt lkkrs{/ uhb uhdse ibkh`)

gd{i ~sbvbgu{ fbsudodzbe bmm fsli di~o`gudgm'

D ~l{be uhb prb{udlg ul Es' H`sst As`r{/ ` ~ht{dkd`g `ge }sdubs lf

~l~ro`s glvbo{ }duh ibedkò uhbib{' Uhd{ }`{ hd{ sb{~lg{b dg ` Ebkbicbs

3;/ 0446 bi`do:

Hl} lfubg el cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ ~sbvbgu ~sbmg`gkt ct k`r{dgm uhbodgdgm lf uhb rubsr{ ul cb dghl{~du`cob ul di~o`guùdlg< Tlr }doo glu {bb

`g `g{}bs ul uhù prb{udlg `gt}hbsb/ }duh lrs ~sb{bgu {uùb lf uhb {kd)

bgkb' Uhb sb`{lg d{ uhù }b k`g lgot ebubku b`sot ~sbmg`gkt ct ` hls)

ilgb/ cbu`)hkm (Hri`g khlsdlgdk mlgèlusl~dg$ }hdkh d{ ~slerkbe ct

uhb bicstl `fubs di~o`guùdlg' @fubs fbsudodzùdlg/ di~o`guùdlg elb{ glu

uàb ~o`kb fls `~~slxdiùbot {dx e`t{' @fubs di~o`guùdlg/ du uàb{ `g)

luhbs {dx e`t{ cbflsb uhb bicstl (usl~hlco`{u$ h`{ dgvèbe uhb iùbsgò

vbglr{ {t{ubi {l uhù ` hlsilgb (cbu`)hkm$ ièb ct uhb bicstl k`gsb`kh `ge cb ib`{rsbe dg uhb ili—{ colle' Uhbsbflsb/ uhb {uùd{udk tlr

{bba d{ glu `v`do`cob'42

Eb{~dub uhb f`ku uhù ebfdgdudvb gricbs{ k`gglu cb ebubsidgbe/ uhbsb

`sb kbsu`dg ibedkò bvdebgkb{ uhù ~slvdeb sùdlgòb fls b{udiùdgm uhb gri)

cbs{ lf doo)dgerkbe clsudlg{' Ebubsidgdgm uhb sùb lf csbàuhslrmh lvro`)

udlg dg doo)uàbs{ d{ lgb abt ul klidgm r~ }duh dgflsibe b{udiùb{'

Dg hd{ @clsudf`kdbgu Klgus`kb~udlg: Uhb ^h`si`kbrudkò Hlolk`r{u /

Es' Srelo~h Bhi`gg {`t{/

@{ b`sot `{ 046=/ ù ` ibedkò klgfbsbgkb/ uhb sb~sb{bguùdvb{ lf `

i`jls hlsilgb ~slerkbs èiduube uhù }duh LK{ Qlsò klgus`kb~udvb{Y/

lvroùdlg }duh ` ~l{{dcdodut lf fbsudodzùdlg ulla ~o`kb dg r~ ul {bvbg ~bs)

kbgu lf k`{b{/ `ge uhù {rc{bprbgu di~o`guùdlg lf uhb fbsudodzbe bmm }lroe

r{ròot cb ~sbvbgube'46

Clmlids I' Arh`s/ Elkuls lf ^h`si`kt/ d{ uhb ~sb{debgu lf ^h`si`)

kd{u{ fls Odfb' Hb kdub{ {uredb{ {rmmb{udgm lsò klgus`kb~udvb{ h`vb ` csbà)

uhslrmh lvroùdlg sùb lf 3 ul 0>"'4=

]lsoe)sbgl}gbe fbsudodut {~bkdòd{u Es' Uhli`{ Hdombs{ b{udiùb{ uhb

csbàuhslrmh lvroùdlg sùb u 5 ul 0>"'48



25

Es' Gdgb v`g ebs V`gmb/ ù uhb [lkdbut fls uhb @ev`gkbibgu lf

Klgus`kb~udlg—{ Glvbicbs 36);>/ 0485 klgfbsbgkb dg Jà`su`/ {uùbe uhù

hbs {uredb{ dgedkùbe `g lvroùdlg sùb lf 5'=" fls }libg uàdgm uhb ^doo'44

Dg `gluhbs {uret/ 05" lf ^doo)uàdgm }libg bx~bsdbgkbe b{k`~b lvr)

oùdlg0>> Hl}bvbs/ uhd{ dgvlovbe lgot u}bgut)u}l }libg/ }duh uhsbb bx~bsd)

bgkdgm b{k`~b lvroùdlg/ {l uhb {uret d{ ull {iòo ul es`} ebfdgdub klgkor){dlg{' Dg `gluhbs {uret }duh ` {iòo {ì~odgm/ 0>" lf uhb klguslo mslr~/

}hdkh edeg—u id{{ ` ~doo/ bx~bsdbgkbe b{k`~b lvroùdlg/ }hdob 38" lf uhl{b

id{{dgm u}l ~doo{ lvroùbe'0>0

J' K' B{~dglz`/ I'E'/ {`t{/

Ule`t du d{ kob`s uhù dg ù ob`{u 2" lf uhb ktkob{ lf }libg lg uhb

klicdgbe ^doo ‟b{k`~b lvroùdlg’ lkkrs{' Uhd{ f`ku ib`g{ uhù klgkb~udlg

d{ ~l{{dcob ersdgm uhl{b ktkob{/ cru di~o`guùdlg }doo cb ~sbvbgube `ge uhb

‟klgkb~ur{’ (khdoe$ }doo edb' Uhù sùb d{ {uùd{udkòot bprdvòbgu ul lgb`clsudlg bvbst luhbs tb`s fls òo }libg lg uhb ^doo'0>3

Dg {bmibgu fsli hd{ @clsudlg Prb{udlg ge @g{}bs{ / ~rcod{hbe lgodgb

ct Lhdl Sdmhu ul Odfb/ Es' J`ka ]dooab {uùb{:

Uhb gb}bs ol})b{uslmbg ~doo{ òol} ‟csbàuhslrmh’ lvroùdlg dg r~

ul 3>" ls ilsb lf uhb ilguh{ r{be' [rkh ` sbob`{be lvri d{ fbsudodzbe

~bsh`~{ 0>" lf uhb udib' Uhb{b udgt gb} odvb{ }hdkh sb{rou/ ù lrs ~sb{bgu

‟mrb{{udiùdlg{/’ dg 0" ul 3" lf uhb ~doo ilguh{/ el glu {rsvdvb' Uhbsb`{lg d{ uhù u lgb }bba lf odfb uhd{ udgt gb} clt ls mdso k`gglu di~o`gu dg

uhb }lic odgdgm `ge edb{'0>;

Uhbsb `sb f`kuls{ uhù k`g dgksb`{b uhb sùb lf csbàuhslrmh lvroùdlg

`ge dgksb`{b uhb odabodhlle lf uhb ^doo k`r{dgm `g `clsudlg' Es' Arh`s {`t{/

Uhb `clsudf`kdbgu ~lubgudò lf LK{ d{ frsuhbs i`mgdfdbe dg LK

r{bs{ }hl klgklidu`guot uàb kbsu`dg `gudcdludk{ `ge `gudklgvro{`gu{

}hdkh ebksb`{b lvroùdlg {r~~sb{{dlg bffbkudvbgb{{' Du {hlroe cb glubeuhù `gudcdludk r{b ìlgm LK r{bs{ d{ glu rgkliilg/ {rkh }libg

cbdgm ilsb {r{kb~udcob ul c`kubsdò/ tb`{u `ge frgmò dgfbkudlg{ {bk)

lge`st ul LK r{b'0>5

]b—vb {bbg uhù v`sdlr{ {lrskb{ `ge {uredb{ ~ru csbàuhslrmh lvro`)udlg ilgm doo)uàbs{ u sùb{ lf 3)0>"/ 5)0>"/ 5'="/ ="/ 05"/ 0>"/ ge

3>"' Uhb gbxu prb{udlg d{/ hl} i`gt udib{ }hbg lvroùdlg lkkrs{ elb{uhb {bklge ibkh`gd{i/ uhb uhdkabgbe kbsvdkò irkr{/ ~sbvbgu {~bsi

fsli sb`khdgm uhb bmm< Uhbsb d{ gl }`t ul cb {rsb/ cru }hdob uhd{ ibkh`)

gd{i kbsu`dgot }lsa{ {libudib{/ du i`t glu }lsa il{u lf uhb udib'



22

Es{' Kh`gm `ge Hrgu ede bx~bsdibgu{ lg s`ccdu{ uhù klroe glu cb

elgb lg hri`g cbdgm{'0>2 Uhbt m`vb uhb s`ccdu{ b{uslmbg `ge ~slmb{udg ul

ididk uhb doo/ uhbg sudfdkdòot dg{bidgùbe uhbi' Gbxu/ uhbt adoobe uhb s`c)

cdu{ `ge ede idksl{kl~dk {uredb{ ul bxìdgb hl} i`gt {~bsi hè sb`khbe

uhb fòol~d`g urcb{ `ge klroe h`vb fbsudodzbe `g bmm'

^slmb{udg/ uhb hlsilgb uhù uhdkabg{ kbsvdkò irkr{/ idmhu cb bx~bkubeul ~sbvbgu gb`sot òo uhb {~bsi fsli us`vbodgm ul uhb urcb{' Hl}bvbs/ du ede

glu' Dg bvbst s`ccdu uhù hè uàbg uhb ~slmb{udg/ uhbsb }bsb {udoo uhlr{`ge{

lf {~bsi }hdkh sb`khbe uhb fòol~d`g urcb{/ { i`gt { =3" lf uhb gricbs

dg uhb klguslo mslr~' Uhb ~slmb{udg)k`r{be dgksb`{b dg uhdkagb{{ lf kbs)

vdkò irkr{ ede glu {dmgdfdk`guot dghdcdu {~bsi fsli sb`khdgm uhb bmm dg

uhb s`ccdu'

Uhd{ d{ kbsu`dgot glu ebfdgdudvb ~sllf/ {dgkb uhbsb k`g cb {dmgdfdk`gu

~ht{dlolmdkò edffbsbgkb{ cbu}bbg `gdiò{ `ge hri`g{' Hl}bvbs/ `gdiò{`sb slrudgbot r{be fls {rkh bx~bsdibgu{ ul ebubsidgb ~l{{dcob ls ~slc`cob

sb{rou{ dg hri`g{' Uhlrmh D h`vb sbè {bvbsò {uredb{ lg hri`g {~bsi us`g{)

~lsu/ uhbt {bbibe ul lffbs gl hbo~fro dgflsiùdlg sboùbe ul uhd{ {rcjbku' Es'

Ibovdg U`tils lf H`sv`se Ibedkò [khllo èidu{/ ‟[~bsi us`g{~lsu dg

}libg ~~b`s{ ul cb vbst kli~obx'’0>6 Uhb {uret ct Kh`gm ge Hrgu/ }hdob

glu ~bs{r`{dvb dg `ge lf du{bof/ ù ob`{u s`d{b{ prb{udlg{ `clru uhb bxubgu lf

uhb klgus`kb~udvb bffbkudvbgb{{ lf uhdkabgbe kbsvdkò irkr{'

]hbg lvroùdlg uàb{ ~o`kb/ hl} lfubg }doo uhb uhdkabgbe irkr{ f`doul ~sbvbgu klgkb~udlg< Uhb `g{}bs d{ kbsu`dgot ‟{lib lf uhb udib'’ Du i`t

ò{l cb ‟irkh lf uhb udib/’ ls bvbg ‟il{u lf uhb udib'’

Uhb gbxu prb{udlg d{/ dg uhl{b k`{b{ }hbg uhb {bklge ibkh`gd{i elb{g—u

}lsa/ hl} lfubg elb{ uhb {dmgdfdk`guot òubsbe `ge ob{{ hl{~du`cob bg)elibusdri k`r{be ct uhb doo dgubssr~u uhb ~sbmg`gkt<

Uhb Lsuhl Kls~lsùdlg—{ 0440 `ggrò sb~lsu b{udiùbe 0;'4 idoodlg

R'[' }libg r{dgm lsò klgus`kb~udvb{' Gl}/ hl} lfubg }lroe lgb bx~bku

glsiòot fbsudob klr~ob{ lf vbs`mb {bxrò kudvdut ul klgkbdvb< Es' Clmlids

Arh`s r{b{ ` fdmrsb lf 32"' Uhd{ d{ klgfdsibe ct it sb{b`skh' Dg ‟B{ud)

iùb{ lf hri`g fbsudodut ge ~sbmg`gkt ol{{/’ Idkh`bo J' Zdgì`g ge {{l)

kdùb{ kdub {uret ct ]doklx dg }hdkh ‟flool}dgm 330 klr~ob{ }duhlru agl}g

di~bedibgu{ lf fbsudodut/ QuhbtY lc{bsvbe ~bs ktkob klgkb~udlg sùb lf 32"lvbs uhb fds{u uhsbb ktkob{'’0>=

Iroud~otdgm uhd{ ct uhb ol} 3" lvroùdlg fdmrsb ìlgm ^doo uàbs{/

`ge f`kulsdgm dg ` 32" klgkb~udlg sùb/ Es' Arh`s `ssdvb{ ù ` fdmrsb lf

8;5/>>> cdsuh)klguslo)~doo)dgerkbe clsudlg{ ~bs tb`s'0>8 Iroud~otdgm ct 0>"/

` hdmhbs b{udiùb lf csbàuhslrmh lvroùdlg/ hb {uùb{ uhb fdmrsb lf 5/0=>/>>>



26

`clsudlg{ ~bs tb`s' (R{dgm luhbs {uredb{/ o{l c`{be lg uluò b{udiùbe gri)

cbs lf lvroùdlg{ `ge R'[' r{bs{/ Es' Arh`s ùusdcrub{ ;/832/>>> `ggrò

`clsudlg{ ul DRE{1 0/3>>/>>> ul Eb~l)^slvbs`1 3/432/>>> ul Gls~o`gu'$

Uhbsb `sb {bvbsò lcjbkudlg{ ul uhd{ ibuhle lf kli~ruùdlg' Fds{u/ du

`{{rib{ òo }libg uàdgm uhb ^doo/ `ge uhbds ~`sugbs{/ h`vb glsiò fbsudodut

sùb{ lf 32"/ }hbg dg f`ku {lib }libg uàdgm uhb ^doo kbsu`dgot `sb ob{{fbsudob uh`g uhd{/ { sb {lib lf uhbds ~`sugbs{' [bklge/ uhb kli~ruùdlg f`do{

ul uàb dgul `kklrgu uhb ^doo—{ uhdkabgdgm lf uhb kbsvdkò irkr{ }hdkh i`t

{dmgdfdk`guot sberkb uhb sùb lf klgkb~udlg' Uhdse/ du f`do{ ul klg{debs uhb ;"

sùb lf {r{u`dgbe ~sbmg`gkt b`kh ilguh ilgm ^doo)uàbs{/ }hdkh lcvdlr{ot

`sb glu ^doo)dgerkbe `clsudlg{'

Lf klrs{b/ bvbstuhdgm eb~bge{ lg uhb usrb sùb lf csbàuhslrmh lvro`)

udlg/ ge uhb usrb sùb lf klgus`kb~udlg erb ul uhdkabgbe kbsvdkò irkr{/ cluh

lf }hdkh sbi`dg rgagl}g' Bvbg df uhb s`gmb lf `clsudlg{ d{ ob{{ uh`g dged)kùbe ct Es' Arh`s—{ kli~ruùdlg/ hl}bvbs/ uhb uluò gricbs{ klroe {udoo cb

vbst hdmh'

[bvbsò ibedkò sb{b`skhbs{ h`vb `{{rsbe ib {kdbgudfdk {uredb{ klroe

cb klgerkube lg uhd{' [l f`s/ uhlrmh/ uhb d{{rb lf doo)dgerkbe clsudlg{ h`{g—u

sbkbdvbe ùubgudlg' [dgkb gl klgkor{dvb fdmrsb{ bxd{u/ }b `sb obfu }duh uhb

dgedsbku cru {rc{u`gudò bvdebgkb lf uhb lc{bsv`cot edidgd{hbe k`~`kdut lf

uhb ^doo)`ffbkube bgelibusdri ul {r{u`dg odfb' [dgkb uhbsb d{ gluhdgm ul dged)

kùb luhbs}d{b/ du {bbi{ ~l{{dcob uhù di~o`guùdlg dg uhb dghl{~du`cob bg)elibusdri i`t cb uhb bxkb~udlg sùhbs uh`g uhb srob' Fls bvbst khdoe }hl

elb{ di~o`gu/ i`gt luhbs{ i`t glu' Lf klrs{b/ }b elg—u agl} uhb ~bskbgu)

`mb uhù }doo di~o`gu bvbg dg ` glsiò bgelibusdri rg`ffbkube ct uhb ^doo'

Cru uhbsb d{ bvbst sb`{lg ul cbodbvb uhù }hùbvbs uhù ~bskbgu`mb d{/uhb ^doo {dmgdfdk`guot ol}bs{ du'

Obu—{ ust edffbsbgu ~~sl`kh ul uhb gricbs{' @kklsedgm ul doo i`gr)

f`kursbs{/ ~~slxdiùbot flrsubbg idoodlg @ibsdk`g }libg uàb uhb doo b`kh

tb`s' @u uhb ;" `ggrò {r{u`dgbe ~sbmg`gkt sùb/ }hdkh d{ fdsiot b{u`c)od{hbe {uùd{udkòot/ dg `gt tb`s uhbsb }doo cb 53>/>>> ebubkube ~sbmg`gkdb{

lf ^doo)uàbs{' (D {`t ‟ebubkube’ ~sbmg`gkdb{/ {dgkb ~sbmg`gkdb{ uhù bge cb)

flsb di~o`guùdlg }doo gbvbs cb ebubkube cru sb glgbuhbob{{ sbò'$ B`kh lgb

lf uhb{b khdoesbg h`{ i`g`mbe ul cb klgkbdvbe eb{~dub uhb uhdkabgbe kbsvdkò

irkr{' B`kh h`{ i`g`mbe ul di~o`gu bvbg dg ` ‟hl{udob’ bgelibusdri'

Uhb prb{udlg d{/ hl} i`gt khdoesbg f`dobe ul di~o`gu dg uhù dghl{~d)

u`cob bgvdslgibgu }hl }lroe h`vb di~o`gube dg ` grsursdgm bgvdslgibgu

rghdgebsbe ct uhb doo< Uhb gricbs }hl edb idmhu cb {dmgdfdk`guot hdmhbs

uh`g uhb gricbs }hl {rsvdvb' Df du }`{ flrs udib{ `{ hdmh/ uhù }lroe cb

0/68>/>>> ggrò ebùh{1 df u}dkb { hdmh/ 85>/>>> ebùh{' Df uhb {ìb gri)

cbs lf khdoesbg el glu {rsvdvb uhb dghl{~du`cob bgelibusdri { el {rsvdvb/ du

}lroe cb 53>/>>> ebùh{' Df lgot hòf { i`gt edbe { {rsvdvbe/ uhd{ }lroe

cb 30>/>>>1 df ` pr`subs `{ i`gt edbe `{ {rsvdvbe 0>2/>>>―{udoo `



2=

{u`mmbsdgm gricbs lf doo)dgerkbe clsudlg{ b`kh tb`s' bsh`~{ uhb fdmrsb d{

bvbg ol}bs uh`g uhb ol}b{u lf uhb{b' D kbsu`dgot hl~b {l' Rgflsurgùbot/ D

h`vb {bbg gl bvdebgkb ul {rc{u`gudùb it hl~b'

Bvbg df }b cbodbvb uhb{b fùòdut gricbs{ sb ull hdmh/ }b ir{u vlde

uhb ubgebgkt ul idgdidzb uhb vòrb lf `gt hri`g odfb' D—vb cbbg uloe ct

~bl~ob/ ‟Uhbsb—{ gl }`t {dx idoodlg Jb}{ edbe dg uhb hlolk`r{u' @u il{u du}`{ hòf ` idoodlg'’ It sb{~lg{b d{/ ‟D uhdga uhbsb—{ sb`{lg ul cbodbvb uhb

fdmrsb d{ irkh ilsb uh`g hòf idoodlg' Cru {r~~l{b du }`{ ` olu ob{{' Hl}

i`gt ebùh{ lf uhb dgglkbgu elb{ du uàb ul pròdft { us`mbet<’ [dido`sot/

}b idmhu `{a/ ‟Hl} i`gt khdoesbg h`vb ul cb adoobe ct uhb ^doo ul iàb du

ull i`gt<’

Dg hd{ cslkhrsb Hl} uhb doo ge uhb DRE ]lsa: Mìcodgm }duh Odfb/’

Es' E`vde [ubsg{ `{a{:

Jr{u hl} lfubg elb{ uhb ~doo h`vb ul sbot lg uhd{ `clsudvb ‟c`kar~’

ibkh`gd{i< Gl lgb k`g uboo tlr }duh kbsu`dgut' ^bsh`~{ du d{ `{ {boeli `{

0 ul 3" lf uhb udib1 cru ~bsh`~{ du d{ { fsbprbguot { 2>" lf uhb udib' Elb{

du iùubs< Uhb kob`s klgkor{dlg d{ uhù du d{ di~l{{dcob fls `gt }li`g lg

uhb ~doo dg `gt mdvbg ilguh ul agl} bx`kuot }hdkh ibkh`gd{i d{ dg bffbku'

Dg luhbs }lse{/ uhb ~doo ò}`t{ k`ssdb{ }duh du uhb ~lubgudò ul `ku `{ `g`clsudf`kdbgu'0>4

^bsh`~{ uhb ggrò gricbs{ lf doo)dgerkbe clsudlg{ ee r~ ul ido)odlg{/ ~bsh`~{ hrgesbe{ lf uhlr{`ge{/ ~bsh`~{ ubg{ lf uhlr{`ge{' ]hbg }b

f`kuls dg `clsudlg{ k`r{be ct luhbs cdsuh klguslo khbidkò{/ dgkoredgm uhb

Idgd)^doo/ Gls~o`gu ge Eb~l)^slvbs`/ uhb uluò fdmrsb{ sb oil{u kbsu`dgot

vbst hdmh' ]hbg ~slodfbs{ slrudgbot {uùb uhbsb sb 0'2 idoodlg clsudlg{ ~bs

tb`s dg @ibsdk` (D h`vb lfubg {`de uhd{ it{bof$/ }b `sb ob`vdgm lru òokhbidkò clsudlg{ ge sb uhbsbflsb v`{uot rgebs{uùdgm uhb usrb gri)

cbs' bsh`~{ }b sb o{l diirgdzdgm lrs{bovb{ ul uhb sbòdut uhù odfb sbòot

elb{ cbmdg ù klgkb~udlg `ge }b `sb ilsòot `kklrgu`cob ul `ku odab du'Obu—{ iàb uhd{ ilsb ~bs{lgò ct csdgmdgm du el}g ul `g dgedvderò

}li`g' Df fbsudob ge {bxròot kudvb }li`g ulla uhb doo fsli ~rcbsut ul

ibgl~`r{b/ {hb }lroe h`vb ~lubgudò lf ;4> {r~~sb{{be lvroùdlg{' Bodid)

gùdgm uhl{b udib{ }hbg {hb }lroeg—u uàb uhb ^doo cbk`r{b {hb }`gube ul

h`vb ` khdoe/ ls cbk`r{b {hb }`{ òsbèt ~sbmg`gu/ {hb idmhu h`vb ;;> ~l)

ubgudòot {r~~sb{{be lvroùdlg{' Df 42" lf hbs lvroùdlg{ }bsb {r~~sb{{be/

uhd{ }lroe ib`g {hb }lroe h`vb {dxubbg csbàuhslrmh lvroùdlg{'

Df {hb d{ fbsudob `ge {bxròot `kudvb/ ` fb} lf uhl{b lvroùdlg{ idmhubge r~ dg ` agl}g ~sbmg`gkt cbk`r{b uhb {bklge `ge uhdse ibkh`gd{i{

cluh f`do' Lf uhb luhbs flrsubbg lv`/ ~bsh`~{ gdgb }lroe gbvbs cb fbsudodzbe/

{lib ~sbvbgube ct uhb gricbs u}l ibkh`gd{i/ uhb uhdkabgbe kbsvdkò ir)

kr{/ ge {lib uusdcru`cob ul uhb glsiò sùb lf glg~sbmg`gkt' @ge ~bsh`~{/

`{ ` sb{rou lf uhb gricbs uhsbb ibkh`gd{i/ {hb idmhu h`vb fdvb b`sot



28

`clsudlg{ cbk`r{b uhlrmh klgkb~udlg ulla ~o`kb/ uhb khdoesbg klroe glu cb

di~o`gube dg uhb bgelibusdri'

Df uhb {ìb }li`g ulla uhb doo fls lgot ubg tb`s{/ {hb idmhu h`vb lgb

ls u}l `clsudlg{ dg{ubè lf fdvb' @m`dg/ }b elg—u agl} uhb bx`ku fdmrsb{'

[lib }lroe {`t uhb{b b{udiùb{ `sb ull hdmh/ cru c`{be lg it sb{b`skh du

`~~b`s{ bpròot ~slc`cob uhbt `sb ull ol}'Uhbsb d{ gl }`t ul cb kbsu`dg/ cru ` }li`g uàdgm uhb ^doo idmhu lvbs

udib h`vb gl doo)dgerkbe clsudlg{/ ls {hb idmhu h`vb lgb/ uhsbb ls elzbg

lf uhbi'

]b h`vb glu bvbg uàbg dgul `kklrgu hbsb uhb luhbs `clsudvb ibkh`)

gd{i{ lf uhb doo elkribgube b`sodbs/ dgkoredgm uhb ~bsd{uò{d{ }duhdg uhb fò)

ol~d`g urcb uhù ebksb`{b{ uhb kh`gkb{ lf di~o`guùdlg/ `ge uhb khbidkò

e`gmbs{ ul g osbèt klgkbdvbe khdoe }hl{b iluhbs rgagl}dgmot klgudgrb{

ul uàb uhb doo' Gbduhbs h`vb }b klg{debsbe uhb sb{derò bffbku lf uhb doo uhùk`g dghdcdu di~o`guùdlg { irkh { fb} ilguh{ fubs }li`g h`{ {ul~~be

r{dgm du'

Lrs cbodbf{ {hlroe cb mlvbsgbe ct uhb bvdebgkb/ glu ct }d{hfro uhdga)

dgm' Uhb gricbs{ h`vb glu cbbg ebkd{dvbot ebubsidgbe/ `ge i`t gbvbs cb

uhd{ {deb lf bubsgdut' C`{be lg }hù }b el agl}/ }b ir{u `{a `ge `g{}bs

uhd{ prb{udlg: d{ du ilsòot sdmhu ul rggbkb{{`sdot sd{a uhb odvb{ lf khdoesbg ct

uàdgm uhb ^doo<

Dg uhb ~slkb{{ lf sb{b`skh D—vb hè klrguob{{ klgvbs{ùdlg{ }duh fbo)

ol} Khsd{ud`g{/ dgkoredgm ~ht{dkd`g{ `ge ~`{uls{' Uhb{b `sb uhb prb{udlg{`ge lcjbkudlg{ ~bl~ob h`vb il{u lfubg s`d{be'

Uhbsb sb i`gt ~l{{dcob g{}bs{ ul uhd{ prb{udlg' Lgb d{ uhù klg)

kbsg{ `clru `clsudlg{/ b{~bkdòot b`sot lgb{/ `sb glu }deb{~sbè ìlgm

sb{b`skhbs{/ {kdbgud{u{ `ge uhb ibedkò kliirgdut dg mbgbsò' [dgkb ~sb)

vbgudgm di~o`guùdlg d{g—u lf `gt buhdkò klgkbsg bxkb~u ul uhl{b }hl

cbodbvb Mle ksbùb{ ~bl~ob ù uhb ~ldgu lf klgkb~udlg/ du d{g—u ubssdcot

{rs~sd{dgm uhb bx~bsu{ h`vbg—u mluubg uhb }lse lru' Dg uhbds idge{/ }ht

{hlroe uhbt<

Es' U' C' ]lrubs{z/ `g bi~oltbb lf ]tbuh O`clsùlsdb{/ ièb `g

ì`zdgm èid{{dlg `clru cdsuh klguslo ~doo {uredb{ dg hd{ `sudkob ‟@ Ol})

El{b Klicdgùdlg Lsò Klgus`kb~udvb’:



24

Eb{~dub bxubg{dvb kodgdkò {uredb{ klgerkube ct i`grf`kursbs{ lf

i`sabube ~slerku{/ lgot uhb{b ~rcod{hbe ~`~bs{ lf {uret klhlsu{ `sb `v`do)

`cob fls uhb cbgbfdu lf uhb ~sb{ksdcdgm ~ht{dkd`g' @oo luhbs ~rcod{hbe ~`~bs{

sb~sb{bgu {bobkube/ ~`sudò sb~lsu{ lf dgedvderò dgvb{udmùls{' Uhd{ elb{ glu

`fflse ` ~ht{dkd`g irkh l~~lsurgdut ul iàb `g berkùbe {bobkudlg lf `g

lsò klgus`kb~udvb'

00>

Uhb dgedvderò }hl cslrmhu uhd{ ul it ùubgudlg d{ ò{l ` ]tbuh bi)

~oltbb/ }hl {abe glu ul cb debgudfdbe' Dg obuubs eùbe @rmr{u 00/ 044= uhd{

~bs{lg uloe ib/ ‟I`gt/ ~slc`cot il{u/ cdsuh klguslo {uredb{ `sb glu ~rc)

od{hbe' Uhbt sb gbvbs ~rcod{hbe dg uhbds bgudsbut' Uhd{ d{ vbst kli~bududvb

cr{dgb{{' Kli~`gdb{ sb glu lcodmùbe ul ~rcod{h ~sl~sdbu`st dgflsiùdlg'’

Uhd{ hbo~{ bx~o`dg }ht du }`{ {l edffdkrou fls ib ul lcu`dg sb{b`skh

dgflsiùdlg fsli uhb ^doo)i`grf`kursbs{' Uhbt h`vb uhbds l}g sb{b`skh eb)

~`suibgu{ }duh elzbg{ lf froo)udib sb{b`skhbs{ }hl ir{u ~slerkb uhlr{`ge{lf ~`mb{ lf fdgedgm{ bvbst tb`s' Cru uhb{b fdgedgm{ `sb ed{udoobe el}g dgul

vbst {iòo ~`kabu{ lf dgflsiùdlg/ dgkoredgm uhb uhsbb l~bsùdvb ibkh`gd{i{

{uùbe dg uhb ES/ uhb uhdse lf }hdkh d{ ~sbvbgudlg lf di~o`guùdlg' D ede glu

i`g`mb ul mbu fsli gt lf uhb i`grf`kursbs{ gt ebu`dobe {uredb{ ul klgfdsi

bx`kuot hl} uhbt kìb ul uhbds klgkor{dlg{' D hè ul {b`skh lru lg it l}g

uhb sb{b`skh dgflsiùdlg dg ibedkò jlrsgò{/ }hdkh d{ r{ròot c`{be lg irkh

{iòobs {ì~odgm{ }duh ` msbù ebò ob{{ frgedgm cbhdge uhbi'

Uhb ~rcod{hbe dgedkùdlg{ lf ^doo)k`r{be `clsudlg{ d{ {rc{u`gudò' Cru

du d{ {~sbè lru dg elzbg{ lf lc{krsb ge ubkhgdkò {kdbgudfdk jlrsgò{' Klg{b)

prbguot/ glu lgot d{ uhb il{u {dmgdfdk`gu bvdebgkb glu dg ~sdgu/ cru sboùdvbot

fb} ~ht{dkd`g{―`ge òil{u gl lgb dg uhb mbgbsò ~rcodk―h`vb bvbs {bbg

uhb il{u kli~boodgm bvdebgkb uhù d{ dg ~sdgu' Df uhbt h`vb hb`se gtuhdgm u

òo/ du h`{ lgot cbbg ~dbkbibò' Uhb bvdebgkb uhù h`{ i`g`mbe ul iàb du ul

~rcodkùdlg h`{ fòobg uhslrmh uhb ks`ka{ `ge f`dobe ul mbu uhb ùubgudlg lf

~ht{dkd`g{'

I`gt }boo)ib`gdgm ~ht{dkd`g{/ dgkoredgm Khsd{ud`g{/ `ge dgkoredgm

Lc,Mtg{ `ge Fìdot ^s`kududlgbs{/ {di~ot `sb glu `}`sb lf uhd{ bvdebgkb' D

agl} uhd{/ cbk`r{b uhù—{ bx`kuot }hù gricbs lf uhbi h`vb uloe ib' Uhd{

d{ glu bgudsbot {rs~sd{dgm' Klg{debs uhb {u`mmbsdgm ilrgu lf ibedkò agl}o)

bemb uhù krssbguot bxd{u{' Gl} ~dkursb uhb `vbs`mb ~ht{dkd`g }hl d{ cluh

klg{kdbgudlr{ ge lvbs}lsabe/ {}ì~be }duh ~ùdbgu{' Hb idmhu sbè ibedkò

jlrsgò{ dg `g `sb` lf {~bkdò dgubsb{u/ cru uhbsb d{ gl }`t `gt hri`g cbdgm

k`g cb froot ~~s`d{be lf uhb ubg{ lf uhlr{`ge{ lf ibedkò {uredb{ klgerkubeb`kh tb`s dg uhd{ klrgust'

]hbg ~ùdbgu{ hb`s {liblgb {rmmb{u uhb ^doo k`r{b{ `clsudlg{/ uhbt

}doo lfubg klib ul uhbds ~ht{dkd`g/ }hl i`t cb ~slodfb/ ge {a df uhd{ d{ usrb'

Uhb ~ht{dkd`g i`t {dgkbsbot {`t/ ‟@kklsedgm ul it rgebs{u`gedgm/ uhb ^doo

jr{u ~sbvbgu{ klgkb~udlg/ du elb{g—u k`r{b clsudlg{' Tlr h`vb gluhdgm ul cb

klgkbsgbe clru'’



6>

Il{u ~ht{dkd`g{ `{{rib uhù df uhb ^doo sbòot k`r{be `clsudlg{/ uhbt

}lroe {rsbot agl} du' Dg il{u k`{b{ uhbt `sb glu ebodcbsùbot id{obèdgm

uhbds ~ùdbgu{' Rgflsurgùbot/ uhb cluuli odgb d{ uhù uhbds ~ùdbgu{ el bge r~

id{obe' C`{be lg uhbds ~ht{dkd`g—{ sb`{{rs`gkb{/ uhbt elg—u olla dgul uhb

iùubs frsuhbs―gls }lroe il{u agl} }hbsb ul olla bvbg df uhbt }`gube ul'

Cbk`r{b uhb ebedkùbe ~ht{dkd`g d{ {l cr{t/ `ge klgfdebgu uhù uhb ^doo lgot~sbvbgu{ klgkb~udlg/ ut~dk oot hb ull elb{ glu uàb uhb udib ul el uhb gbkb{)

{`st sb{b`skh'

@g d{loùbe sbfbsbgkb hbsb ls uhbsb {di~ot d{g—u {rffdkdbgu ul kh`gmb ls

bvbg khòobgmb uhb ebb~ot)dgms`dgbe ~sl)^doo klg{bg{r{ lf ibedkdgb/ {lkdbut

ls uhb khrskh' Df Udib i`m`zdgb ebvlube ` klvbs {ulst ul uhb {rcjbku/ uhb

dgflsiùdlg }lroe sb`kh ` ~l~ro`s obvbo dg ` }`t du gbvbs h`{ cbflsb' Cru

Udib `ge il{u lf du{ sbèbs{ }lroe h`vb oduuob dgubsb{u dg uhb {rcjbku' ^bs)

h`~{ bvbguròot i`jls Khsd{ud`g i`m`zdgb }doo ~sb{bgu uhd{ sb{b`skh ul uhb~bl~ob }hl {hlroe k`sb uhb il{u' [l f`s uhd{ h`{ glu h`~~bgbe'

Ibedkò {bi`gudk{ h`vb ò{l ~o`tbe ` ksdudkò slob dg lc{krsdgm uhb

^doo—{ `clsudvb ibkh`gd{i' @{ elkribgube b`sodbs dg uhd{ clla/ dg 04=6 uhb

}lse ‟klgus`kb~udvb’ }`{ sbebfdgbe ct uhb @ibsdk`g Kloobmb lf Lc{ubusd)

kd`g{ ge Mtgbklolmd{u{ (@KLM$/ ul dgkoreb mbgu{ }hdkh ~sbvbgu di~o`g)

uùdlg' Kh`gmb{ dg ubsidglolmt ut~dkòot lkkrs ul es`} ilsb k`sbfro {kdbg)

udfdk ed{udgkudlg{/ }hbsb`{ uhd{ lgb {bsvbe lgot ul cors uhb ed{udgkudlg cb)

u}bbg u}l kob`sot {b~`sùb uhdgm{/ fbsudodzùdlg `ge di~o`guùdlg' [bvbsò~slodfb Lc,Mtg{ uloe ib uhbt sb klgvdgkbe uhd{ ilvb/ h`~~bgdgm uhsbb tb`s{

`fubs uhb [r~sbib Klrsu—{ 04=; obmòdzùdlg lf `clsudlg/ }`{ ` ebodcbsùb

ùubi~u ul lc{krsb klgkbsg{ `clru cdsuh klguslo khbidkò{ uhù {libudib{

k`r{b b`sot clsudlg{'

Cbk`r{b lf uhb {bi`gudk kh`gmb/ ibedkò ~slfb{{dlgò{ k`g hlgb{uot

{`t uhù uhb doo d{ lgot klgus`kb~udvb/ bvbg df uhbt agl} du {libudib{ ku{

ul ~sbvbgu di~o`guùdlg' Fls bxì~ob/ Es' Odge` J' I`sudg }slub ul ^bedù)

sdk Gb}{ ~ldgudgm lru uhù }hdob `g @rmr{u 044= `sudkob hè ko`dibe uhbbibsmbgkt klgus`kb~udlg ~doo klroe ‟~sbvbgu r~ ul 8>>/>>> clsudlg{ tb`s/’

bx`kuot uhb l~~l{dub }`{ uhb k`{b―‟uhbt }lroe dg f`ku k`r{b 8>>/>>> cls)

udlg{ tb`s'’ Hbs olmdk }`{ uhù odfb cbmdg{ u klgkb~udlg/ glu di~o`guùdlg'

Uhb ~ht{dkd`g }hl }slub uhb `sudkob/ Es' Jìb{ Usr{{bo/ sb{~lgebe/ ‟Cluh

uhb Gùdlgò Dg{udurub{ lf Hbòuh ge uhb @ibsdk`g Kloobmb lf Lc{ubusdkd`g{

`ge Mtgbklolmd{u{ ebfdgb ~sbmg`gkt { cbmdggdgm }duh di~o`guùdlg' Uhbsb)

flsb/ bibsmbgkt klgus`kb~udvb ~doo{ `sb glu `clsudf`kdbgu'’000

Uhd{ d{ esìùdk cru dgksb`{dgmot kliilg bxì~ob lf {bi`gudk eb~)

bs{lgòdzùdlg―r{dgm `g `scdus`st sbebfdgdudlg ul sbobmùb ` khdoe ul glgbx)

d{ubgkb' ]hù idmhu ~sl~bsot cb kòobe ` ‟klgus`di~o`gudvb’ ibkh`gd{i d{

kòobe dg{ubè ‟klgus`kb~udvb’ ibkh`gd{i' @g sudkob lg ‘ilsgdgm `fubs—

~doo{ bx~o`dg{ uhù uhbt sb ‟lsedg`st cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ klgu`dgdgm uhb hls)

ilgb{ b{uslmbg ge ~slmb{udg/ cru sb uàbg dg hdmhbs el{b r~ ul =3 hlrs{



60

`fubs rg~slubkube dgubsklrs{b'’003 Uhb `sudkob bx~o`dg{ uhù uhb ~doo{ ~sbvbgu

di~o`guùdlg/ cru uhb o`smb flgu ~roo prlub fsli Es' J`ka Obvbs{bb lf uhb

Rgdvbs{dut lf ]`{hdgmulg [khllo lf Ibedkdgb {{rsb{ sbèbs{/ ‟]b sb glu

eldgm `}`t }duh ` ~sbmg`gkt1 }b `sb ~sbvbgudgm du fsli bvbs cbklidgm `

~sbmg`gkt'’

Rged{kbsgdgm ~slodfbs{ i`t sbè {rkh {uùbibgu{ ge cb sb`{{rsbe uhùuhb{b ~doo{ elg—u k`r{b clsudlg{' @uu`khdgm gb} ib`gdgm{ ul loe }lse{ {rkh

`{ klgkb~udlg `ge ~sbmg`gkt h`{ {rkkbbebe dg iàdgm du {lrge odab uhb ^doo

`ge luhbs hlsilgò klgus`kb~udvb{ elg—u adoo hri`g cbdgm{' Du h`{ elgb gluh)

dgm/ hl}bvbs/ ul kh`gmb uhb f`ku uhù {libudib{ uhù—{ bx`kuot }hù uhbt el'

Bvbg }hbg uhb dgflsiùdlg clru uhb doo sd{b{ ul uhb {rsf`kb hbsb ge

uhbsb/ {l i`gt Khsd{ud`g{―dgkoredgm ~`{uls{ ge ~`s`khrskh obèbs{―h`vb

r{be `ge sbkliibgebe uhb ^doo/ uhù }b h`vb ` gùrsò sb{d{u`gkb ul s`d{dgmuhd{ d{{rb ls olladgm dgul du {bsdlr{ot }hbg luhbs{ s`d{b du' (D agl} uhd{ fsli

it l}g bx~bsdbgkb'$ Uhd{ d{ odabot }ht {l fb} dgedvderò{ ls lsm`gdzùdlg{

h`vb sb{b`skhbe ls es`}g ùubgudlg ul uhd{ {rcjbku' @ilgm luhbs uhdgm{/ ls)

m`gdzùdlg{ fb`s ol{{ lf fdg`gkdò {r~~lsu fsli elgls{ }hl }lroe lcjbku ul

ksdudkd{i lf uhb ^doo'

]b ò{l k`gglu b{k`~b uhb f`ku uhù uhb ^doo d{ ` iroud)cdoodlg eloo`s

}lsoe}deb dger{ust' Du{ i`grf`kursbs{/ uhb esrm kli~`gdb{/ h`vb usbibg)

elr{ vb{ube dgubsb{u{' [l el i`gt ~ht{dkd`g{ ~sb{ksdcdgm du' D el glu ib`gct uhd{ uhù il{u ~ht{dkd`g{ ~sb{ksdcb du ~sdi`sdot fls fdg`gkdò m`dg1 D el

ib`g du d{ ` {dmgdfdk`gu ~`su lf uhb uluò dgklib lf i`gt ~s`kudkb{'

@g `~~bgedx dg Uhb ]li`g—{ Kli~obub Mrdeb ul ^bs{lgò Hbòuh

K`sb/ ct Ebcs` Bv`g{/00; d{ bguduobe ‟@ ^ht{dkd`g Olla{ ù Elkuls{— `ge

^h`si`kd{u{— slfdu{ fsli sb{ksdcdgm Cdsuh Klguslo doo{'’ Uhb }sdubs k`sb)

froot kòkroùb{ uhb kl{u{ lf v`sdlr{ ~slkbersb{ `ge klib{ r~ }duh ` kl{u

{rii`st ~bs ~ùdbgu' @eebe ul uhd{ d{ uhb f`ku uhù b`kh }li`g }duh fìdot

}doo uàb hbs khdoesbg ul uhb fìdot ~s`kududlgbs }hl ~sb{ksdcb{ hbs klgus`)kb~udvb{/ ge r{ròot hbs hr{c`ge }doo ml ul uhù elkuls' R{dgm vbs`mb{ fls

fsbprbgkt lf vd{du{/ ge f`kulsdgm dg }lse lf ilruh ls ~ùdbgu)ul)~ùdbgu sb)

fbssò/ uhb }sdubs kòkroùb{ uhù dgklib odgabe ul ~ùdbgu{ fls }hli uhb elk)

uls ~sb{ksdcb{ cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ s`gmb fsli 22 ul =5" lf hd{ uluò dgklib'

Cbk`r{b lf uhb ^doo—{ ~l~ro`sdut/ ~ht{dkd`g{ }hl {ul~ ~sb{ksdcdgm du

}doo odabot ol{b i`gt ~ùdbgu{ ge uhbds fìdodb{ ul luhbs elkuls{' Bvbg i`gt

~slodfb ~ht{dkd`g{ sb{d{u uhb gludlg uhù uhb ^doo k`r{b{ `clsudlg{ `ge `sb

rgodabot ul kh`gmb uhbds ~l{dudlg ls bvbg {h`sb }duh uhbds ~ùdbgu{ bvdebgkb

{rkh `{ uhù ~sb{bgube dg uhd{ clla' (Uh`gafroot/ uhbsb `sb kbsu`dgot bxkb~)

udlg{ ul uhd{'$

Uhl{b dg uhb cb{u ~o`kb ul ed{{bidgùb uhd{ dgflsiùdlg `sb uhb ^doo)

i`grf`kursbs{' Uhb ~slcobi/ hl}bvbs/ d{ uhù uhbt m`dg kr{ulibs{ ct klg)

vdgkdgm uhbi uhb doo }lsa{/ glu ct ub`khdgm uhbi bx`kuot hl} du }lsa{' Gl



63

lgb uàb{ uhb ^doo cbk`r{b {hb agl}{ du ~sbvbgu{ di~o`guùdlg' Cru {lib/

~bsh`~{ i`gt/ idmhu {ul~ uàdgm du df uhbt agb} du elb{'

Hbgkb/ ~h`si`kbrudkò kli~`gt h`{ gluhdgm ul m`dg ct es`}dgm u)

ubgudlg ul uhd{ dgflsiùdlg/ `ge ~lubgudòot ` msbù ebò ul ol{b' Uhbsb `sb

i`gt ~bl~ob dg @ibsdk` }hl ~slfb{{ ul cbodbvb odfb cbmdg{ ù klgkb~udlg/

`ge kli~`gdb{ el glu }`gu uhb{b ~bl~ob ul {ul~ r{dgm uhbds ~doo{' Uhd{ klg)kbsg fls mlle ~rcodk sboùdlg{ }`{ bxkbbedgmot bvdebgu ul ib dg it klgvbs)

{ùdlg{ }duh {u`ff ibicbs{ ù flrs i`jls ^doo i`grf`kursbs{' Du d{ ò{l ebi)

lg{usùbe dg uhb f`ku uhù uhbds FE@)ilgdulsbe ed{kol{rsb{ dg uhb fdgb)~sdgu

~slfb{{dlgò o`cbodgm `ge dg uhb ^ht{dkd`g—{ Eb{a Sbfbsbgkb òo ibgudlg

uhù uhb doo ~sbvbgu{ di~o`guùdlg/ cru vbst fb} lf uhbds ~`ka`mb dg{bsu{ ge

glgb lf uhbds klolsfro klg{ribs cllaobu{ {`t gtuhdgm clru du'

Es' Jìb{ ]òabs/ dg hd{ ~`~bs ‟Lsò Klgus`kb~udlg: @ Edffbsbgu bs)

{~bkudvb/’ ~ldgu{ lru uhb ^doo—{ ~lubgudò ul k`r{b `clsudlg' Hb uhbg {`t{/

@ o`smb ~bskbgu`mb lf klg{ribs{ }lroe rgelrcubeot sbfr{b ul r{b

uhd{ flsi lf cdsuh klguslo df uhbt }bsb }`sb uhù lsò klgus`kb~udvb{ }lsabe

dg uhd{ }`t' @o{l/ ` o`smb gricbs lf ~ht{dkd`g{ }lroe sbfs`dg fsli r{dgm

uhd{ ibuhle lf klgus`kb~udlg df uhbt }bsb }`sb lf uhb clsudf`kdbgu ibkh`)

gd{i lf lsò klgus`kb~udvb{…}ht d{ uhb ibedkò (ls ~sb{ksdcdgm$ `ge klg)

{ribs ~l~roùdlg {l ~llsot dgflsibe< Du klroe cb uhù uhb ~h`si`kbrudkò

dger{ust d{ dgubsb{ube dg iàdgm o`smb ~slfdu{ }duhlru sbm`se fls uhb {`gk)

udut lf hri`g odfb' Ls du klroe cb uhù uhb ibedkò kliirgdut h`{ cbklib{l klgedudlgbe ul {r~~ot ib`g{ fls dg{u`gu msùdfdkùdlg/ uhù lrs btb{ h`vb

cbbg codgebe ul uhb bubsgò klg{bprbgkb{ lf lrs e`dot `kudlg'005

Lg uhb il{u c`{dk obvbo/ uhb }deb{~sbè dmgls`gkb `ge codgegb{{ lg

uhd{ d{{rb ilgm Khsd{ud`g{ i`t cb o`smbot uusdcru`cob ul {r~bsgùrsò flskb{

lf bvdo }hdkh ~slilub uhb ebùh{ lf uhb dgglkbgu }hdob otdgm ge id{obèdgm

ul klvbs uhl{b ebùh{' (D }doo eesb{{ uhd{ dg uhb Klgkor{dlg'$

Lgb ~ht{dkd`g uloe ib uhù hb uhdga{ uhb bvdebgkb D—vb kdube d{ {di~ot

dgklssbku' Hb {`de/ ‟D elg—u usr{u uhb{b ibedkò {uredb{' D jr{u elg—u uhdga

uhbt—sb `kkrsùb'’

D {abe hdi df hb hè gt lcjbkudvb sb`{lg fls hd{ ed{usr{u' Hb kdube uhb

{uret D ebòu }duh b`sodbs klgkbsgdgm Gls~o`gu' [dgkb hb {`de hb edeg—u usr{u

elzbg{ lf ibedkò {lrskb{ klggbkudgm uhb ^doo }duh ~sbvbgudlg lf di~o`gu`)

udlg/ D `{abe hdi }ht hb usr{ube ` {dgmob {lrskb/ glu bvbg ebòdgm }duh uhb^doo/ uhù idmhu lffbs bvdebgkb ul uhb klgus`st'

Uhd{ door{usùb{ ` ubgebgkt }b òo h`vb/ cru }hdkh }b {hlroe òo sb)

{d{u―uhb ubgebgkt ul cbodbvb }hùbvbs }b k`g r{b ul ebfbge lrs ~l{dudlg/

`ge ul ed{cbodbvb }hùbvbs klgusèdku{ lrs ~l{dudlg' ]b ir{u cb }doodgm ul

{bsdlr{ot bxìdgb bvdebgkb uhù mlb{ `m`dg{u uhb ms`dg lf }hù }b cbodbvb/



6;

{l uhù sùhbs uh`g sbèdgm lrs ~l{dudlg dgul uhb bvdebgkb/ }b òol} uhb bvd)

ebgkb ul ebubsidgb lrs ~l{dudlg'

Uhb {ìb ~ht{dkd`g/ ` kliiduube ~slodfb èvlkùb/ }slub ul ib uhù

csb`{u fbbedgm sb{rou{ dg ‟`g ùsl~hdk uhdg bgelibusdri'’ Hb uhbg {uùbe/

‟[l/ dg uhblst/ df tlr {uùb lsò klgus`kb~udvb{ i`t k`r{b `g `clsudlg/ olmd)

kòot uhb {ìb klroe cb {`de fls csb`{u)fbbedgm'’ Hb uloe ib uhù/ ul cbklg{d{ubgu/ df D }`{ mldgm ul kòo uhb doo g clsudf`kdbgu D }lroe h`vb ul {`t

uhb {ìb lf csb`{u)fbbedgm'

D {rciduube uhd{ `smribgu ul `gluhbs Lc,Mtg/ Es' ^`ro H`tb{' Dg `

@rmr{u 02/ 044= bi`do Es' H`tb{ sb{~lgebe/

Du d{ `g bsslgblr{ id{r{b lf }lse{ ul {`t uhù csb`{u)fbbedgm ksb)

ùb{ `g ùsl~hdk bgelibusdri' O`ka lf lvroùdlg ersdgm csb`{u)fbbe)

dgm `kklrgu{ fls ` {uùb lf uhb bgelibusdri uhù d{ dg`kudvb/ ~sbkd{bot

cbk`r{b gl lvroùdlg d{ uàdgm ~o`kb' Uhd{ d{ rgodab uhb ^doo }hbsblvroùdlg k`g uàb ~o`kb…cru uhb bffbku lf uhb ~slmb{udg d{ ul iàb `g

ùsl~hdk odgdgm/ dghdcdudgm gdeùdlg' Uhbsb d{ gl kli~`sd{lg cbu}bbg

uhb u}l'002

Hl} `sb }b `{ Khsd{ud`g{ ul iàb buhdkò ebkd{dlg{ dg uhb `c{bgkb lf {kdbgudfdkòot dgklguslvbsudcob ~sllf uhù uhb doo k`r{b{ clsudlg u ob`{u {lib

lf uhb udib< Dg odmhu lf uhb f`ku uhù }b h`vb vbst {rc{u`gudò bvdebgkb (D

cbodbvb il{u rgcd`{be sb{b`skhbs{ }lroe {`t lvbs}hboidgm bvdebgkb$ cru

glu c{lorub ~sllf uhb doo k`g k`r{b clsudlg{/ { Khsd{ud`g{ }hl msbb uhù

}b el glu h`vb uhb sdmhu ul uàb khdoe—{ odfb/ d{ du buhdkò ul ~sb{ksdcb ls r{b

uhb ^doo<

Es' ]òubs O`sdilsb èesb{{b{ uhd{ d{{rb dg `g bxkboobgu `sudkob ~rc)

od{hbe dg Buhdk{ `ge Ibedkdgb jlrsgò' Hb {`t{ uhù dg ` kodiùb dg }hdkh

uhbsb d{ obmdudiùb ebcùb/ l~~lgbgu{ lf uhb ^doo `smrb uhù ‟` ilsò cdsuh

klguslo ibuhle ir{u cb bxkor{dvbot klgus`kb~udvb1 b'm'/ du ir{u (0$ }lsa

bxkor{dvbot…ct ~sbvbgudgm klgkb~udlg fsli lkkrssdgm ge (3$ k`r{b gl h`si

ul uhb klgkbdvbe khdoe'’006 [dgkb uhb doo i`t k`r{b b`sot clsudlg{/ }hbuhbs

` {iòo ls ` o`smb gricbs/ du {hlroe glu cb r{be'

Lg uhb luhbs {deb/ ebfbgebs{ `smrb uhù uhb ^doo i`t glu k`r{b `cls)

udlg{/ ge {dgkb du i`t glu/ }b {hlroe fbbo fsbb ul r{b ge ~sb{ksdcb du' [lib

ò{l {`t uhù df uhb ^doo k`r{b{ `clsudlg{/ uhb{b `sb lgot ‟idgd)`clsudlg{’

}hdkh lkkrs ‟~sdls ul ls jr{u flool}dgm di~o`guùdlg'’00= Uhbt uhbsbflsb {rm)

mb{u uhù uhbsb d{ gl buhdkò edobii` ul cb sb{lovbe' (Uhd{ }lroe cb usrb/ lf

klrs{b/ lgot df hri`g odfb elb{ glu cbmdg ù klgkb~udlg/ cru ù di~o`gu`)

udlg―` klgubgudlg fls }hdkh i`gt lf r{ cbodbvb uhbsb d{ gl olmdkò/ {kdbg)

udfdk ls cdcodkò bvdebgkb'$



65

Dg it bx~bsdbgkb/ òo cru uhb il{u h`se)klsb ebfbgebs{ lf uhb ^doo―

`ge lgot ~slodfb ebfbgebs{/ {dgkb ~slkhldkb ebfbgebs{ dgv`sd`cot sbklmgdzb

uhb ^doo k`g ~sbvbgu di~o`guùdlg―}doo `kagl}obemb uhù du k`g k`r{b ù

ob`{u {iòo gricbs lf clsudlg{' Uhb ilsò prb{udlg/ uhbg/ d{ uhd{: {dgkb }b

`sb rgkbsu`dg `clru hl} i`gt `clsudlg{ du k`r{b{/ hl} {hlroe }b `ku dg

odmhu lf lrs rgkbsu`dgut<Dg ub`khdgm kloobmb buhdk{ klrs{b{/ D h`vb fsìbe uhb prb{udlg uhd{ }`t:

Df ` hrgubs d{ rgkbsu`dg }hbuhbs uhb ilvbibgu dg uhb csr{h d{ k`r{be ct `

ebbs ls ~bs{lg/ {hlroe hd{ rgkbsu`dgut obè hdi ul {hllu ls glu {hllu<

Df tlr—sb esdvdgm ù gdmhu `ge tlr uhdga uhb e`sa fdmrsb `hbè lg uhb

slè i`t cb khdoe/ cru du i`t jr{u cb uhb {hèl} lf usbb/ el tlr esdvb dgul

du ls el tlr ~ru lg uhb csàb{< ]hù df tlr uhdga uhbsb—{ 2>" kh`gkb du—{

khdoe< ;>" kh`gkb< 0>" kh`gkb< 0" kh`gkb< Hl} kbsu`dg el tlr h`vb ul

cb uhù tlr i`t adoo khdoe cbflsb tlr {hlroe iledft tlrs ~sbfbssbe kudlg(ul glu ~ru lg tlrs csàb{$ ge sb{lsu ul ~ruudgm lg tlrs csàb{<

It prb{udlg d{ uhd{: {hlroeg—u }b mdvb uhb cbgbfdu lf uhb elrcu ul

odfb< Obu—{ {`t uhù tlr sb {ab~udkò lf oo uhd{ sb{b`skh/ òo uhb{b {uredb{/ oo

uhb{b ibedkò ubxuclla{ ge jlrsgò sudkob{/ ge oo uhb doo i`grf`kursbs{—

kob`s {uùbibgu{ uhù uhb ^doo {libudib{ ~sbvbgu{ di~o`guùdlg (`ge uhbsb)

flsb sb{rou{ dg uhb ebùh lf khdoe$' Tlr idmhu {a tlrs{bof df uhb sb`{lg fls

tlrs {ab~udkd{i d{ tlrs ~bs{lgò cd`{ `ge vb{ube dgubsb{u{' Cru obu—{ `{{rib

tlr `sb mbgrdgbot rgkbsu`dg' D{ du ` Khsd{uodab ùudureb ul {`t ‟Cbk`r{b uà)dgm uhb doo i`t ls i`t glu adoo khdoe/ D }doo uhbsbflsb uàb ls ~sb{ksdcb uhb

^doo’< Df }b `sb rgkbsu`dg/ {hlroeg—u }b uàb uhb buhdkò hdmh mslrge ct

{`tdgm lrs rgkbsu`dgut {hlroe kli~bo r{ glu ul uàb ls ~sb{ksdcb uhb ^doo<

It sb{b`skh h`{ klgvdgkbe ib uhb bvdebgkb d{ kli~boodgm' Du d{ lgot

uhb gricbs{ uhù `sb rgkbsu`dg' K`g }b sbòot {`t dg mlle klg{kdbgkb/ ‟Cb)

k`r{b D—i rgkbsu`dg bx`kuot hl} i`gt khdoesbg sb adoobe ct uhb doo/ uhbsb)

flsb D }doo uàb ls ~sb{ksdcb du’< Hl} i`gt ebè khdoesbg }lroe du uàb ul cb

ull i`gt<Du {bbi{ ul ib ilsb Khsd{uodab ul {`t/ ‟Cbk`r{b uhb bvdebgkb dgedkùb{

uhb ^doo k`g {libudib{ k`r{b{ `clsudlg{/ D }doo glu r{b ls ~sb{ksdcb du `ge

}doo {bba ul dgflsi luhbs{ lf du{ e`gmbs{ ul rgclsg khdoesbg'’

Lgb ~ht{dkd`g ~ldgube lru ul ib uhù uhbsb sb i`gt {~lgu`gblr{ cls)udlg{ ge id{k`ssd`mb{' Cbk`r{b lf uhd{/ hb fbou }b {hlroe glu cb uslrcobe ct

~sb)di~o`guùdlg `clsudlg{ k`r{be ct uhb ^doo' Uhbt `sb jr{u {lib ìlgm

i`gt'

D—vb hb`se uhb {ìb olmdk r{be ul ebfbge fbsudodut sb{b`skh ge dg)vdusl

fbsudodzùdlg dg }hdkh bicstl{ sb klgkbdvbe lru{deb uhb }lic' Uhsbb ul {dx



62

lf uhb{b i`t cb di~o`gube dg ` rubsr{ dg uhb hl~b{ lgb i`t odvb/ cru uhb

i`jlsdut edb/ `ge {lib `sb fslzbg ls ed{k`sebe' Dg uhb cb{u k`{b {kbg`sdl/

u}l ul fdvb edb dg uhb ùubi~u ul di~o`gu lgb/ `ge lfubg òo lf uhbi edb'

]hbg/ bvbg rgebs l~udiò klgedudlg{/ ~ht{dkd`g{ ùubi~u ul di~o`gu

`g bicstl klgkbdvbe dg)vdusl/ du d{ usrb uhù uhbsb d{ ` ol} {rkkb{{ sùb'

@kklsedgm ul Es' Oblg [~bslff/ uhb {rkkb{{ sùb dg gt mdvbg ktkob d{ 0;'2"`ge {dgkb ut~dkòot uhsbb ul {dx bicstl{ i`t cb r{be ul ùubi~u di~o`gu`)

udlg/ uhb `kurò {rsvdvò sùb d{ jr{u lvbs ;"' Uhd{ ib`g{ uhù 34 lru lf ;>

bicstl{ edb dg uhb ùubi~u ul di~o`gu ` khdoe'008

Dg)vdusl fbsudodzùdlg di~o`guùdlg eù` d{ glu `~~odk`cob ul gùrsò di)

~o`guùdlg' Klgkbsgdgm uhb oùubs/ `{ elkribgube dg uhbds clla Klgkb~udlg ul

Cdsuh/ Es{' Aodgb/ [ubdg ge [r{{bs ~ru fls}`se kbsu`dg {{ri~udlg{ uhbg {uùb/

…uhb ~sbdi~o`guùdlg eù` }lroe dgedkùb uhù ù ob`{u 2> ~bs kbgu lf

òo fbsudodzùdlg{ }doo glu sb{rou dg ` odvb cdsuh…uhb ~slc`cdodut lf ol{{ dg uhb

dgubsvò cbu}bbg uhb ~sbdi~o`guùdlg `ge ~l{udi~o`guùdlg ~bsdle{ òlgb

d{ ;> ~bs kbgu'004

Dg uhbds `sudkob ‟B{udiùb{ lf hri`g fbsudodut `ge ~sbmg`gkt ol{{/’

Idkh`bo J' Zdgì`g ge {{lkdùb{ kdub edffbsbgu {uredb{ {hl}dgm {~lgu`gb)

lr{ clsudlg sùb{ lf 02" ul 3>"/ 0;" ul 33"/ 03 ul 05"/ ge 3>)63"'03>

Uhd{ klgfdsi{ uhù uhbsb `sb dg f`ku i`gt b`sot id{k`ssd`mb{' [dgkb

uhd{ d{ usrb/ hl}bvbs/ elb{ du uhbsbflsb flool}/ ‟Cbk`r{b Mle ~bsidu{―lsgùrsb k`r{b{―idoodlg{ lf {~lgu`gblr{ clsudlg{ b`kh tb`s/ du—{ la`t df }b

k`r{b {lib ull’<

Uhbsb d{ ` cdm edffbsbgkb/ ` kl{idk edffbsbgkb/ cbu}bbg Mle `ge r{!

]hù Mle d{ fsbb ul el `ge }hù }b `sb fsbb ul el `sb glu uhb {ìb' Mle d{

uhb mdvbs `ge uàbs lf odfb' Mle d{ uhb ~luubs/ }b `sb uhb ko`t (D{`d`h 52:4)

00$' Hd{ ~sbslmùdvb{ `sb rgdprb ul Hdi' Hb d{ uhb Ksbùls/ }b `sb uhb ksb`)

ursb{' Hb h`{ uhb sdmhu ul uàb hri`g odfb/ cru }b el glu' ([bb @~~bgedx E:

Mle d{ Ksbùls `ge L}gbs lf òo ~bl~ob'$Gùrsb d{ rgebs uhb krs{b lf {dg `ge `{ ` sb{rou uhbsb d{ }deb{~sbè

ebùh dg uhd{ }lsoe/ cluh dg{deb `ge lru{deb uhb }lic (Sli`g{ 8:04)33$'

Mle d{ uhb [r~bsdgubgebgu lf gùrsb ge k`g lvbssrob du }hbg hb {l khll{b{'

Cru glgb lf uhd{ ~bsidu{ r{ ul {`t ‟cbk`r{b Mle obu{ {l i`gt ~bl~ob edb/ D—oo

ml hbè ge adoo {lib lf uhbi it{bof'’ [~lgu`gblr{ clsudlg{ lf }libg

glu uàdgm klgus`kb~udvb{ `sb glu lrs sb{~lg{dcdodut' @clsudlg{ k`r{bect klgus`kb~udvb{ }b khll{b ul uàb `ge ~sb{ksdcb `sb'

Uhb {ìb ~sdgkd~ob ~~odb{ }hbg {liblgb klgkoreb{ uhù {dgkb ` c`ct}doo ~slc`cot edb }duhdg ` fb} e`t{ ls }bba{ lf hd{ cdsuh/ }b i`t `{ }boo

`clsu hdi gl}' Uhb edffbsbgkb d{ cbu}bbg ol{dgm ` khdoe ul ebùh/ ct Mle—{

{lvbsbdmg khldkb/ `ge lrs khll{dgm ul adoo uhù khdoe' Uhd{ d{ ` frgeìbguò

`ge sèdkò edffbsbgkb' ([bb @~~bgedx B: Mle h`{ bxkor{dvb ~sbslm`)udvb{ lvbs hri`g odfb `ge ebùh'$



66

D h`vb {bvbsò obuubs{ fsli Khsd{ud`g ~ht{dkd`g{ ge lsm`gdzùdlg{ uhù

r{b uhb ubsi ‟idksl)`clsudlg’ dg sbfbsbgkb ul uhb ~l{{dcdodut uhù uhb ^doo

~sbvbgu{ di~o`guùdlg' [rkh {bi`gudk{ idgdidzb uhb `clsudlg/ `{ df du d{g—u

‟sbò’ ls di~lsu`gu odab {rsmdkò `clsudlg{ lf cdmmbs khdoesbg' ]b {hlroe

`vlde {rkh ebhri`gdzdgm ubsi{' Uhlrmh uhb khdoe d{ vbst {iòo uhb khdoe d{

{udoo ` khdoe `ge uhbsbflsb uhb `clsudlg d{ jr{u `{ cdm dg du{ di~lsu`gkb'Jr{u cbk`r{b i`gt khdoesbg edb vbst tlrgm elb{g—u iàb uhbds ebùh{

dg{dmgdfdk`gu' Usrb/ }b i`t ol{b {bvbsò khdoesbg }b elg—u bvbg agl} `clru/

uhslrmh b`sot {~lgu`gblr{ id{k`ssd`mb{' Cru uhù dg gl }`t jr{udfdb{ khll{)

dgm ul uàb {libuhdgm dgul lrs cledb{ uhù ~ru{ luhbs khdoesbg ù sd{a'

@ obuubs fsli lgb Khsd{ud`g lsm`gdzùdlg (}hdkh D ~sbfbs glu ul gìb$

{`t{ uhd{:

Du h`{ cbbg ~ldgube lru uhù ` }li`g }hl d{ glu uàdgm cdsuh klguslo

~doo{ d{ `kuròot ilsb odabot ul bx~bsdbgkb uhb ol{{ lf `g bicstl―{lib

{uredb{ dgedkùb uhù r~ ul 8>" lf klgkbdvbe bicstl{ gùrsòot f`do ul di)

~o`gu―uh`g lgb }hl d{ lg uhb ~doo/ }hdkh s`sbot/ df bvbs/ ~bsidu{ klgkb~)

udlg'

Uhb olmdk {bbi{ ul cb uhù }hbg }b r{b ` khbidkò uhù adoo{ {libkhdoesbg }b k`g uàb klg{loùdlg dg agl}dgm uhù uhd{ {ìb khbidkò ~sb)

vbgu{ i`gt luhbs khdoesbg fsli bvbs cbdgm klgkbdvbe `ge uhbsbflsb fsli

bvbs etdgm' Uhd{ d{ klgvlorube olmdk/ ge m`dg du ~ru{ r{ dg uhb ~o`kb lf Mle'

Df uhbsb sb fb}bs id{k`ssd`mb{ cbk`r{b lf uhb doo du d{ glu cbk`r{b uhb

^doo csdgm{ gt cbgbfdu ul ~sbclsg khdoe/ cru lgot cbk`r{b du sb{rou{ dg fb}bs

khdoesbg klgkbdvbe' Uhd{ d{ `g door{dlg―du—{ glu uhù odvb{ `sb cbdgm ~sb)

{bsvbe QGL KLII@Y cru {di~ot uhù uhbsb `sb fb}bs odvb{ ul ~sb{bsvb'

Uhbsb d{ ob{{ ebùh lgot cbk`r{b uhbsb d{ ob{{ odfb'

R{dgm uhd{ olmdk/ uhb il{u ~slodfb uhdgm }b klroe el }lroe cb ul bodid)

gùb oo ~sbmg`gkt' ]b klroe uhbg klgmsùroùb lrs{bovb{ uhù }b o{l bodid)

gùbe clsudlg' Dg uhb ~slkb{{/ lf klrs{b/ }b }doo h`vb bodidgùbe khdoesbg'

[dido`sot/ uhb gricbs lf ~bl~ob }duh k`gkbs klroe cb ol}bsbe ct sberkdgm

uhb gricbs lf ~bl~ob dg {lkdbut' Cru }b }lroe h`seot uhdga lf uhù `{ `

krsb―b{~bkdòot df uhb ib`g{ }b r{be ul h`vb ob{{ ~bl~ob dgvlovbe adoodgm

{lib lf uhbi'

@ ~slodfb ~ht{dkd`g ~ldgube lru dg ` obuubs ul hbs ~`{uls uhù 2>" lf

rg}`gube ~sbmg`gkdb{ bge dg clsudlg' Uhbsbflsb ` idoodlg ilsb rg}`gube



6=

~sbmg`gkdb{ b`kh tb`s klroe ib`g ` hòf idoodlg ilsb `clsudlg{ b`kh tb`s'

Dg luhbs }lse{/ uhb olmdk d{ du—{ cbuubs ul r{b uhb il{u bffbkudvb cdsuh klguslo

ib`g{ ~l{{dcob bvbg df du elb{ k`r{b `clsudlg{/ cbk`r{b df du d{g—u r{be uhbsb

}doo cb bvbg ilsb'

[r~~l{b fls ` ilibgu uhd{ }bsb usrb' ]hù d{ uhb olmdk< ‟Obu—{ ml

`hbè ge uàb kudlg uhù }doo adoo {lib khdoesbg gl} cbk`r{b u ob`{u df }bel uhbsb i`t cb luhbs khdoesbg/ ilsb lf uhbi/ }hl }lg—u mbu adoobe'’ Uhb

{ìb ~~sl`kh klroe cb r{be ul ebgt esl}gdgm khdoesbg kkb{{ ul ksl}ebe

odfb s`fu' Uhd{ {lsu lf ~s`miùd{i sdgm{ hlool} }hbg }b ~ru kbsu`dg hri`g

odvb{ u sd{a/ }duhlru uhbds klg{bgu/ fls uhb {r~~l{be mlle lf luhbs{'

Roudiùbot/ hl}bvbs/ uhb ~sbid{b d{ glu usrb/ {dgkb rgflsurgùbot du d{

lgot {iòo idglsdut }hl }lroe bvbg klg{debs glu uàdgm uhb doo cbk`r{b du

k`r{b{ b`sot clsudlg{' Uhb lgot ~bl~ob }hl }doo {ul~ uàdgm uhb doo fls uhd{

sb`{lg sb glu lgot ~slodfb/ cru ebb~ot kliiduube ul uhbds cbodbf{' Uhd{ clla }lg—u h`vb irkh df gt di~`ku dg uhb {bkro`s }lsoe' D el hl~b du }doo bgklrs)

`mb {lib lf Mle—{ ~bl~ob ul odvb ct hdmhbs ilsò kleb uh`g uhb }lsoe elb{'

@ ~bs{lg }hl `{ ` iùubs lf klg{kdbgkb }doo glu sd{a uhb odfb lf `

gb}ot)klgkbdvbe khdoe―}hl{b ~sb{bgkb dg hbs }lic {hb k`g—u bvbg tbu

fbbo―}doo {rsbot glu ursg `slrge `ge adoo ` khdoe jr{u cbk`r{b {hb h`{ `g

rg~o`ggbe ~sbmg`gkt' @ilgm ~bl~ob }hl {ul~ uàdgm uhb doo ul ~slubku rg)

clsg khdoesbg/ uhbsb i`t cb ilsb rg~o`ggbe ~sbmg`gkdb{/ cru uhbt }doo sb)

{rou dg cdsuh{/ glu `clsudlg{'

D—vb fsbprbguot cbbg uloe uhù cbk`r{b il{u ~bl~ob—{ dgubgudlg dg uà)

dgm uhb ^doo d{ ul ~sbvbgu klgkb~udlg/ glu ul h`vb `g `clsudlg/ du—{ uhbsbflsb

buhdkò fls uhbi ul klgudgrb uàdgm uhb ^doo'

D kbsu`dgot `msbb il{u }libg uàdgm uhb ^doo elg—u dgubge ul mbu `cls)

udlg{' Dg f`ku/ D—i klgvdgkbe 44" lf uhbi sb rg`}`sb uhd{ d{ bvbg ~l{{dcob'

(]hdkh d{ {è kliibgu`st lg uhb o`ka lf dgflsibe klg{bgu ct doo)uàbs{'$Cru uhb f`ku sbi`dg{ uhù }hdob uhb dgubgudlg{ lf uhl{b uàdgm uhb doo i`t cb

h`siob{{/ uhb sb{rou{ k`g cb jr{u `{ fùò'

@ grs{b mdvdgm tlrs khdoe g dgjbkudlg klroe {dgkbsbot dgubge gl h`si

ul tlrs khdoe/ cru df {hb rgagl}dgmot dgjbku{ hdi }duh ` fùò ~ld{lg/ hbs

mlle dgubgudlg{ }doo glu ob{{bg uhb us`mbet' ]hbuhbs uhb grs{b h`{ uhb hb`su

lf ` irsebsbs ls ` {`dgu/ tlrs khdoe d{ bpròot ebè' Uhb cb{u dgubgudlg{ el

gluhdgm ul sbvbs{b uhb il{u ed{`{uslr{ sb{rou{'

Dg uhd{ {bg{b/ uàdgm uhb ^doo d{ gòlmlr{ ul ~o`tdgm Sr{{d`g slrobuub/

cru }duh ilsb khìcbs{ ge uhbsbflsb ob{{ sd{a ~bs b~d{leb' Dg Sr{{d`g slr)

obuub/ ~`sudkd~`gu{ r{ròot elg—u dgubge ul {hllu uhbi{bovb{' Uhbds dgubgudlg

d{ dssbobv`gu/ hl}bvbs/ cbk`r{b df uhbt ~o`t uhb mìb olgm bglrmh uhbt jr{u

k`g—u cbù uhb lee{' Bvbguròot uhbt edb'



68

Uhb Sr{{d`g slrobuub lf uhb doo d{ elgb }duh {liblgb bo{b—{ odfb' B`kh

udib {liblgb uàdgm uhb ^doo bgm`mb{ dg {bx/ {hb srg{ uhb sd{a lf `clsudgm `

khdoe' Dg{ubè lf ` lgb dg {dx kh`gkb/ i`tcb du—{ ` lgb dg uhdsut ls lgb dg `

hrgesbe ls lgb dg fdvb hrgesbe kh`gkb/ D—i glu {rsb' D i {rsb uhù du—{ sbò

sd{a―uhb {kdbgudfdk bvdebgkb uboo{ r{ uhb khbidkò ‟mrg’ d{ olèbe' Uhb f`ku

uhù {hb }doo glu agl} }hbg ` khdoe h`{ cbbg `clsube dg gl }`t kh`gmb{}hbuhbs ls glu khdoe d{ `clsube' Bvbst ilguh {hb klgudgrb{ ul uàb uhb doo

dgksb`{b{ hbs kh`gkb{ lf h`vdgm hbs fds{u―ls gbxu―{dobgu clsudlg' [hb klroe

h`vb lgb/ u}l/ ` hòf elzbg ls ` elzbg lf uhb{b }duhlru bvbs h`vdgm ` korb'

@ ~slodfb ~ht{dkd`g uloe ib hb fbou kliflsu`cob {udoo ~sb{ksdcdgm uhb

^doo cbk`r{b ‟Du—{ ~sdi`sdot klgus`kb~udvb ge lgot {bklge`sdot `clsudvb'’

[r~~l{b ` fsdbge m`vb tlr ` cluuob lf edbu ~doo{ `ge {`de/ ‟Uhbds ~sd)

i`st bffbku d{ ul {r~~sb{{ tlrs ~~budub/ ge k`r{b tlr ul ol{b }bdmhu'’ Tlr

{`t/ ‟Cru D—vb hb`se uhbt k`g k`r{b i`jls ~slcobi{'’ Tlrs fsdbge uboo{ tlr/‟Usrb/ uhbt k`g sb{rou dg hb`su ùu`ka{/ codgegb{{ `ge adegbt f`dorsb{/ cru

elg—u }lsst `clru uhù1 uhl{b `sb lgot {bklge`st bffbku{/ glu ~sdi`st'’

Uhb ~ldgu d{/ bvbg df du elb{g—u h`~~bg il{u lf uhb udib/ }hbgbvbs `g

bffbku elb{ h`~~bg du d{ glu {bklge`st dg di~lsu`gkb/ du d{ ~sdi`st' Bvbg df

uhb ^doo elb{g—u r{ròot k`r{b `g `clsudlg/ }hbgbvbs du elb{ du d{ jr{u `{ sbò

`g `clsudlg `{ df uhù }bsb du{ ~sdi`st bffbku'

Lgb ~ht{dkd`g {`de ul ib/ ‟^doo i`grf`kursbs{ h`vb gbvbs cbbg {rbe

ct `g rgclsg khdoe }hl edb{/ cru uhbt h`vb cbbg {rbe ct i`gt }libg

{rffbsdgm fsli uhb {bsdlr{ {deb bffbku{ lf hdmh b{uslmbg' Fls od`cdodut sb`{lg{

òlgb/ uhbt }doo gbvbs ml c`ka ul iàdgm hdmh el{b b{uslmbg ~doo{'’

Bvbg }hbg ~doo{ hè ibm` el{b{ lf b{uslmbg/ hl}bvbs/ uhb ggrò ~sbm)

g`gkt sùb lf }libg lg uhb doo }`{ {udoo 0" ge uhb bffbku{ lg uhdggdgm uhb

bgelibusdri }bsb kli~`s`cob ul }hù uhbt sb gl}' Uhd{ ib`g{ uhù csbà)

uhslrmh lvroùdlg{ kbsu`dgot {udoo ulla ~o`kb/ bvbg df ù ` ol}bs sùb' Du i`th`vb èebe r~ ul fb}bs clsudlg{ uhbg/ cru glu gl `clsudlg{'

D `{abe ~h`si`kd{u Sdkh`se Hdoo ù Lsuhl)IkGbdo df uhb hdmhbs el{b

~doo{ }bsb ilsb {rkkb{{fro dg {r~~sb{{dgm lvroùdlg' Hb {`de/ ‟Glu sbòot―

uhbsb—{ ` kbdodgm ~ldgu lf b{uslmbg/ cbtlge }hdkh ilsb d{g—u cbuubs' Ct uhb

udib tlr mbu ul ;2 idkslmsì{/ fls il{u ~bl~ob tlr—vb sb`khbe uhb ~ldgu lf

i`xdiri lvroùdlg {r~~sb{{dlg'’ (Uhd{ i`t klgusèdku {lib luhbs {lrskb{

D kdube b`sodbs' D dgkoreb du fls uhb {àb lf sb~sb{bgudgm edffbsbgu vdb}~ldgu{'$

Dg gt k`{b/ rgob{{ tlr }bsb `cob ul mbu uhsbb krssbgu ‟hdmh el{b’ cdsuh

klguslo ~sb{ksd~udlg{ lf 2> idkslmsì{ b`kh `ge uàb uhsbb ~doo{ ` e`t/ tlr

klroe glu bprò uhb 046>—{ {u`ge`se el{b lf 02> idkslmsì{ lf b{uslmbg'

Bvbg df tlr ede/ tlr }lroe h`vb ul f`kb uhb vbst {bsdlr{ {deb bffbku{

`ge sd{a{ ul }li`g—{ hbòuh uhù iludvùbe ~doo i`grf`kursbs{ ul ol}bs uhb

b{uslmbg obvbo dg uhb fds{u ~o`kb' Dg odmhu lf uhb{b e`gmbs{/ du—{ vdsuròot



64

kbsu`dg gl ~ht{dkd`g }lroe mdvb {rkh ` ~sb{ksd~udlg' Du }lroe ~slc`cot cb

rg}d{b ul uàb du df hb ede'

]b ~ru lrs{bovb{ ge lrs khdoesbg u sd{a bvbst udib }b esdvb k`s' Df

}b obu lrs ade{ ml {}diidgm }b uàb sd{a{' Lrs khdoe—{ `cdodut ul msl}/iùrsb `ge m`dg klgfdebgkb‛‛`ge usr{u dg Mle‛‛ dg ` }lsoe lf sd{a{ ~`s)

udòot eb~bge{ lg lrs }doodgmgb{{ ul uàb sb`{lg`cob sd{a{ }duh uhbi'

Cru }b `sb ò{l k`sbfro glu ul uàb rggbkb{{`st sd{a{' Lrs sd{a{ `sb

}d{b ge kòkroùbe' Cbk`r{b }b olvb lrs khdoesbg }b bx~l{b uhbi lgot ul

ib`{rsbe obvbo lf sd{a―uhbt sdeb dg uhb k`s/ tb{/ cru }b cbou uhbi dg `ge

esdvb k`sbfroot' @{ uhbt msl} r~ uhbt ob`sg ul iàb uhbds l}g ebkd{dlg{ { ul

}hù obvbo lf sd{a d{ }d{b `ge `kkb~u`cob'

Uhb tlrgmbs lrs khdoesbg `sb/ uhb ob{{ sd{a{ }b uàb }duh uhbi' ]bidmhu ob`vb `g bdmhu)tb`s)loe fsbb ul slì uhb hlr{b/ }hdob }b }lroeg—u `

uleeobs' ]hbg }b `sb uòadgm `clru ` gb}ot)klgkbdvbe hri`g cbdgm/ df }b

uàb uhb ^doo du d{ hd{ odfb }b `sb sd{adgm' Uhb sb`{lg }b—sb eldgm {l d{ glu

fls hd{ msl}uh `ge iùrsdut/ cru fls lrs klgvbgdbgkb' ]b sb rggbkb{{`s)

dot ~ruudgm hdi u sd{a lf hd{ vbst {rsvdvò' Uhslrmh uhb khldkb ul uàb kbsu`dg

khbidkò{ dgul lrs cledb{ vd` uhb ^doo/ }b i`t cb slccdgm hdi lf uhb {dgmob

il{u di~lsu`gu uhdgm }b k`g lffbs ` gb}ot)klgkbdvbe khdoe―` hl{~du`cob

bgvdslgibgu dg }hdkh hb k`g cb glrsd{hbe ge msl}']b }lroe glu klg{debs }duhhloedgm flle `ge ` hlib `ge ~ht{dkò

{`fbut fls lrs khdoesbg }hl `sb òsbèt clsg' ]b }lroe glu cb k`sbob{{

`clru }hù }b bù `ge esdga `ge uhb khbidkò{ }b dgmb{u `ge uhb `kudvdudb{

}b el uhù klroe jbl~`sedzb lrs ~sbclsg khdoe {dx ilguh{ fubs klgkb~udlg'

Uhbg gbduhbs {hlroe }b ~ru lrs khdoe u rggbkb{{`st sd{a {dx e`t{ `fubs klgkb~)

udlg' Tb{/ }b k`g—u agl} fls kbsu`dg lrs khdoe d{ bvbg uhbsb u {dx e`t{' Cru df

}b—vb cbbg {bxròot `kudvb }b agl} {hb i`t cb uhbsb' @ge uhbsbflsb }b

{hlroe el gluhdgm uhù klroe rggbkb{{`sdot jbl~`sedzb hbs odfb'@ {bxròot `kudvb }li`g srg{ ` gb} sd{a lf `clsudgm ` khdoe }duh

bvbst doo {hb uàb{' Lf klrs{b/ uhb ebkd{dlg ul uàb uhb doo d{g—u jr{u }li`g—{

cru hbs hr{c`ge—{/ ge hb d{ bvbst cdu { sb{~lg{dcob fls uhb khldkb { {hb d{'

@{ uhb Mle)`~~ldgube obèbs dg uhb hlib/ dg f`ku/ hb i`t cb bvbg ilsb

sb{~lg{dcob'

Hl} irkh sd{a d{ `kkb~u`cob sd{a< ^`su lf du eb~bge{ lg uhb òubsg`)

udvb{' Uhbsb d{ gl {rkh uhdgm `{ ` k`s ls ` hlr{b uhù ~l{b{ gl sd{a ul tlrs

khdoesbg' Cru uhbsb d{ {rkh uhdgm { klgus`kb~udvb ibuhle }hdkh elb{ glu

~ru khdoe—{ odfb u sd{a' Uhbsb `sb {`fb oubsgùdvb{ ul uhb doo uhù el glu ge

k`gglu k`r{b `clsudlg{'

Gl iùubs }hù obvbo lf sd{a ~`sbgu{ ebkdeb ul uàb }duh uhbds khdoesbg/

{rsbot }b {hlroe msbb uhù uhbt eb{bsvb ul agl} df bvdebgkb dgedkùb{ uhbt

`sb uàdgm {rkh ` sd{a' Ul cb `}`sb lf uhb bvdebgkb uhù uàdgm uhb ^doo i`t



=>

k`r{b `clsudlg{ `ge glu ul {h`sb uhù dgflsiùdlg }duh ~`sbgu{ d{ ul abb~

uhbi dg uhb e`sa `ge slc uhbi lf bxbskd{dgm `g dgflsibe khldkb `clru uhbds

l}g khdoesbg'

D i gl} usbèdgm lg mslrge }hdkh d{ clrge ul lffbge Khsd{ud`g{ lg

cluh {deb{ lf uhb klgus`kb~udvb ebcùb' I`gt/ { it }dfb ge D ede fls tb`s{/

}doo h`vb r{be klgus`kb~udvb{/ cbodbvdgm uhd{ d{ `kkb~u`cob ul Mle' Luhbs{ el

glu cbodbvb uhd{' Uhbt }lroe sb{~lge ul uhd{ prb{udlg glu ct ~ldgudgm ul

òubsgùdvb ibuhle{ lf cdsuh klguslo/ cru ct {`tdgm/ ‟]b {hlroeg—u cb uàdgm

cdsuh klguslo dg uhb fds{u ~o`kb―du d{ Mle }hl l~bg{ `ge kol{b{ uhb }lic/

`ge du—{ ~o`tdgm Mle ul ust ul edkuùb tlrs fìdot {dzb' Uhb Cdcob {`t{ khdo)

esbg `sb ` cob{{dgm fsli uhb Olse/ glu dgklgvbgdbgkb{ ul cb `vldebe' Khdo)

esbg `sb cob{{dgm{ {bgu fsli Mle' ]hdkh lf hd{ luhbs cob{{dgm{―{rkh `{

fdg`gkdò ~slvd{dlg/ ` mlle jlc/ ` {uslgm i`ssd`mb/ ls ` {lode khrskh―`sb

tlr eb{~bsùbot ustdgm ul vlde<’

Lg uhb lgb h`ge/ fls v`sdlr{ sb`{lg{ it }dfb ge D r{be cdsuh klguslo

`ge ‟{ul~~be’ fubs u}l khdoesbg' Df }b hè du ul el lvbs m`dg/ }lroe }b el

du edffbsbguot< D hlgb{uot elg—u agl}/ uhlrmh D ì kbsu`dg }b }lroe mdvb du

ilsb Cdcob {uret/ uhlrmhu `ge ~s`tbs cbflsb iàdgm lrs ebkd{dlg' @{ D uboouhb {urebgu{ dg it Cdcob kloobmb buhdk{ ko`{{/ D uhdga }b ir{u olla ù cluh

{deb{ lf uhd{ d{{rb {bsdlr{ot' Kbsu`dgot/ }b ir{u cb {rsb }b sb glu {rkkric)

dgm ul lrs {lkdbut—{ ‟ô`ggbe `sbguhlle’ vdb} lf khdoesbg sùhbs uh`g Mle—{

vdb} lf khdoesbg' ([bb @~~bgedx M: Hl} Mle [bb{ Khdoesbg'$

Sbm`seob{{ lf lrs ~l{dudlg lg klgus`kb~udvb{/ D uhdga }b {hlroe cb

`cob ul `msbb uhù Mle d{ msdbvbe ct uhb `gud)khdoe ibguòdut uhù {rsf`kb{

{libudib{ bvbg dg uhb khrskh/ }hbsb {gdeb sbi`sa{ `sb ièb ul `ge `clru

fìdodb{ }duh ilsb uh`g uhsbb khdoesbg `ge kloe {u`sb{ `sb uhb sb{~lg{b ulbvbst kstdgm c`ct' ]hbuhbs {liblgb h`{ ` o`smb fìdot ls ` {iòo fìdot

(odab }b el$/ D cbodbvb o`smb fìdodb{ {hlroe cb {bbg glu `{ uhb ~slerku{ lf

dssb{~lg{dcdodut/ cru `{ cob{{dgm{ fsli Mle' It l}g fùhbs }`{ uhb ubguh lf

uhdsubbg khdoesbg' @i D moè hd{ ~`sbgu{ edeg—u {ul~ `fubs gdgb khdoesbg< Lf

klrs{b D i' Df uhbt }lroe h`vb/ D }lroeg—u cb hbsb/ ge gbduhbs }lroe it

e`rmhubs{―`ge uhbt }lroeg—u cb iàdgm uhb msbù edffbsbgkb fls Khsd{u

uhbt—sb iàdgm'

Hl}bvbs/ uhd{ clla d{ glu iludvùbe ct ` eb{dsb ul ~bs{rèb ~bl~obuhù oo uubi~u{ u fìdot ~o`ggdgm sb }slgm' D h`vb lgot lgb mbge` hbsb

`ge du d{ glu hdeebg lgb' It ~l{dudlg d{ lgb D cbodbvb oo Khsd{ud`g{ {hlroe

`msbb lg sbm`seob{{ lf uhbds edffbsdgm ~l{dudlg{ lg fìdot ~o`ggdgm' Uhù ~l)

{dudlg d{ uhd{: gl fìdot ~o`ggdgm }hdkh {`ksdfdkb{ uhb odvb{ lf ` fìdotibicbs k`g cb ilsòot sdmhu `ge ~ob`{dgm ul Mle'



=0

Fls mbgrdgbot ~slodfb Khsd{ud`g{ }hl cbodbvb dg fìdot ~o`ggdgm `ge

uhb r{b lf klgus`kb~udvb{/ uhb prb{udlg d{/ ‟}hù `sb uhb glg)`clsudvb òubs)

gùdvb{ ul uhb doo/ Idgd~doo/ DRE/ Eb~l)^slvbs` ge Gls~o`gu<’ Uhb f`ku d{/

uhbsb `sb bffbkudvb/ glg)`clsudf`kdbgu òubsgùdvb{ ul uhb ^doo' Lgb `g{}bs

i`t cb uhb c`ssdbs ibuhle{/ {rkh `{ klgeli{ `ge ed`~hs`mi{' Uhbsb `sb

ò{l {~bsidkdeb{/ }hdkh klib dg ksbì{/ jboodb{ ge flì{/ { }boo { ‟fdoi{/’}hdkh sb uhdg {pr`sb{' Uhlrmh uhbt k`g k`r{b ~slcobi{ ge dgklgvbgdbgkb{

lf uhbds l}g/ {rkh `{ òobsmdk sb`kudlg{/ glgb lf uhb{b `sb `clsudvb'

[liblgb {`de uhbsb d{ bvdebgkb oùbx k`g cb ulxdk `ge uhbsbflsb uhbt

cbodbvb du—{ ~l{{dcob uhb sbmro`s r{b lf klgeli{ k`g h`vb `clsudvb bffbku{' D

h`vb {bbg gl {kdbgudfdk bvdebgkb odgadgm klgeli{ ul clsudlg{/ ge uhbsbflsb

el glu l~~l{b uhbi lg uhd{ c`{d{' (Oùbx d{ il{u kliilg/ cru glu uhb lgot

l~udlg1 {lib klgeli{ sb ièb lf ~lotrsbuh`gb ge luhbs{ lf gdiò ud{{rb'$

D h`vb glu {bbg bvdebgkb uhù ed`~hs`mi{ ls {~bsidkdeb{ sb gtuhdgmcru klgus`kb~udvb{' Sbm`seob{{ lf luhbs klgkbsg{ clru uhbi‛‛`ge }b {hlroe

kbsu`dgot dgvb{udmùb uhb ~l{{dcob {deb)bffbku{ lf gtuhdgm }b ~ru dg lrs cledb{‛

‛uhbt `~~b`s glu ul k`r{b `clsudlg{' (Lgb sbèbs ~ldgube lru/ hl}bvbs/ uhù

df {~bsidkdeb adoo{ {~bsi {l bffbkudvbot/ du idmhu cb h`sifro ul ` klgkbdvbe

khdoe'$

@g bxkboobgu {lrskb lf dgflsiùdlg lg glg`clsudvb klgus`kb~udvb{ d{

olkùbe lg uhb Dgubsgbu ù }}}'b~dmbb'lsm,mrdeb' @{{bicobe ct ` }li`g

}hl }lsa{ dg ~sbmg`gkt k`sb kbgubs/ uhd{ {dub bx~o`dg{ hri`g sb~slerkudlg`ge klgkb~udlg/ uhbg ebò{ {~bkdfdkòot }duh uhb gùrsb `ge bffbkudvbgb{{ lf

iòb ge fbiòb klgeli{/ {~bsidkdeb{/ ed`~hs`mi{/ kbsvdkò k`~/ o`kuùdlg/

bobkuslgdk fbsudodut dgedkùls/ `ge Gùrsò Fìdot ô`ggdgm (lfubg `ccsbvd)

ùbe {di~ot `{ ‟GF^’$'

‟Gùrsò Fìdot ô`ggdgm’ d{ glu {di~ot uhb loe kòbge`s ‟shtuhi’

ibuhle/ }hdkh }`{ c`{be lg cdlolmdkò `vbs`mb{ cru }`{ glu bffbkudvb fls

}libg }duh dssbmro`s ktkob{' Sùhbs/ du d{ ` vbst uhlrmhufro `ge {kdbgudfdk

`~~sl`kh/ c`{be lg uhb f`ku uhù ersdgm b`kh ibg{usrò ktkob ` }li`g cb)klib{ fbsudob `ge uhbg gùrsòot dgfbsudob/ `ge uhbsb `sb ~ht{dkò {dmg{ ul

dgedkùb uhb{b fbsudob `ge dgfbsudob udib{' Uhb [ti~ul)Uhbsiò ibuhle

ksl{{khbka{ irkr{ `ge ubi~bsùrsb dgedkùls{ dg ` }`t uhù d{ hdmhot `kkr)

sùb `ge sbod`cob'

Uhb Klr~ob ul Klr~ob Ob`mrb ebfdgb{ Gùrsò Fìdot o`ggdgm { ‟uhb

~s`kudkb lf khdbvdgm ls vldedgm ~sbmg`gkdb{ kklsedgm ul g dgflsibe }`sb)

gb{{ lf ` }li`g—{ fbsudodut'’030 Uhbt kdub {uredb{ {hl}dgm uhbds ibuhle{ ul

cb bxusbibot bffbkudvb' Uhbt kbsu`dgot sb {`fb/ { uhbt el glu dgvlovb uàdgm

`gt khbidkò{ ls di~o`gudgm gt ebvdkb{'

Gùrsò Fìdot ô`ggdgm ko`{{b{ `ge hlib {uret klrs{b{ `sb `v`do)

`cob ul ub`kh klr~ob{ hl} uhb ~slkb{{ }lsa{' Tlr i`t klgu`ku uhb flool}dgm

lsm`gdzùdlg{ fls dgflsiùdlg: Klr~ob ul Klr~ob Ob`mrb/ 'L' Clx 000085/

Kdgkdggùd/ LH 52300/ 20;)5=0)3>>>/ }}}'kkod'lsm/ kkodNkkod'lsm1 CLI@)



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R[@ (Cdoodgm{ Lvroùdlg Ibuhle @{{lkdùdlg$/ ;06 G' =uh @vb'/ [u' Kolre/

IG 26;>5/ ;3>)323)30>>/ }}}'}llic'lsm/ {baNm}'{ukedl'lsm' Uhlrmh

D—i glu dgudiùbot fìdod`s }duh uhb{b ibuhle{/ }hù D—vb {bbg {rmmb{u{ uhbt—sb

}lsuh bx~olsdgm'

[lib }doo sb{~lge/ ‟Cru uhb{b ibuhle{ `sbg—u `{ bffbkudvb―}b i`t

h`vb g rg}`gube khdoe'’ Dg f`ku/ uhb c`ssdbs ibuhle{/ b{~bkdòot }hbg r{bedg klicdgùdlg }duh {~bsidkdeb{/ k`g cb hdmhot bffbkudvb' Usrb/ uhbt sb glu

`{ bffbkudvb `{ uhb ^doo `ge kbsu`dgot ob{{ klgvbgdbgu' Gùrsò Fìdot ô`g)

gdgm/ ~s`kudkbe ct dgflsibe klr~ob{/ k`g cb jr{u `{ bffbkudvb `{ uhb ^doo'

[lib {uredb{ {rmmb{u du d{ `kuròot ilsb bffbkudvb/ }duh ` 44" {rkkb{{ sùb'

Uhb{b {uredb{ `sb kdube ct iùbsdò{ fsli uhb Klr~ob ul Klr~ob Ob`mrb/ `{

}boo `{ uhl{b lf uhb @ibsdk`g Odfb Ob`mrb (^'L' Clx 0;2>/ [u`fflse/ Vds)

mdgd` 332221 =>;)624)50=01 }}}'òo'lsm$'

Cru obu—{ olla ù uhb ‟}ls{u k`{b’ {kbg`sdl lf ` Khsd{ud`g klr~ob gluuàdgm uhb doo―klgkbdvdgm ge mdvdgm cdsuh ul g rg~o`ggbe khdoe' Klg{debs

hl} i`gt ~bl~ob h`vb cbbg sdkhot cob{{be ct khdoesbg }hl }bsb rg~o`ggbe'

Uhb{b `sb glu ‟`kkdebgu{/’ uhbt `sb ~sbkdlr{ ksbùdlg{ lf Mle' C`cdb{ `sb

glu k`gkbslr{ urils{ ul cb eb{~bsùbot vldebe ge sbilvbe' Uhù uhbt sb

rg~o`ggbe ct r{ elb{ glu ib`g uhbt sb rg~o`ggbe ct Mle'

]b h`vb ul }bdmh uhb dgksb`{be ‟sd{a’ lf h`vdgm ` khdoe/ ` ~bs{lg

Mle kòo{ ` cob{{dgm/ `m`dg{u uhb ~l{{dcdodut lf adoodgm ` khdoe/ `g `ku Mle

kòo{ `g `clidgùdlg' Gl iùubs }hbsb ` Khsd{ud`g {u`ge{ lg uhb cdsuh klg)uslo d{{rb/ }b {hlroe {rsbot cb `cob ul msbb uhù uhb ~l{{dcdodut lf h`vdgm `

khdoe d{ ò}`t{ cbuubs uh`g uhb ~l{{dcdodut lf adoodgm ` khdoe '

I`gt rg}`gube ~sbmg`gkdb{ h`vb sb{roube dg }`gube khdoesbg' D agl}

` i`g }hl{b i`ssdbe e`rmhubs sbkbguot {ul~~be uàdgm uhb ^doo }hbg {hb

ob`sgbe du {libudib{ k`r{b{ `clsudlg' [hb mlu ~sbmg`gu {llg uhbsb`fubs' Du

edeg—u fdu uhd{ klr~ob—{ ~o`g/ cru gl} uhbt—sb uhsdoobe ul h`vb uhd{ khdoe' Uhb

ms`gefùhbs {`de ul ib }duh ` {idob/ ‟uh`ga{ ul it e`rmhubs glu uàdgm uhb

^doo/ Mle m`vb r{ }lgebsfro ms`gekhdoe!’ D{ uhù sbòot {l cè< Uhlrmh Dì glu smrdgm m`dg{u cdsuh klguslo ~bs {b/ D i klgvdgkbe Mle }`{ ~ob`{be

ct uhd{ klr~ob—{ khldkb ul glu ~o`kb khdoesbg ù sd{a fls uhb {àb lf uhbds

~sbfbsbgkb{ `ge klgvbgdbgkb' Uhù hb h`{ khl{bg ul mdvb uhbi ` khdoe i`t

cb ` khòobgmb/ cru hb {hlroe glu cb sbm`sebe `{ ` krs{b/ cru ` cob{{dgm'

Uhbsb i`t ò{l cb {lib hbòuh cbgbfdu{ ul }libg }hl khll{b glu ul

uàb uhb doo' @{ gtlgb }hl h`{ sbè uhb dg{bsu{ ~`ka`mbe }duh cdsuh klguslo

~doo{ agl}{/ uhbsb `sb {bsdlr{ sd{a{ ul {lib }libg `{{lkdùbe }duh lsò

klgus`kb~udvb{/ dgkoredgm dgksb`{be dgkdebgkb lf colle kolu{/ {uslab{/ hb`su

ùu`ka{/ hdmh colle ~sb{{rsb/ {bxròot us`g{iduube ed{b`{b{/ ~bovdk dgfoì)

iùlst ed{b`{b/ dgfbsudodut/ csb`{u k`gkbs/ kbsvdkò k`gkbs/ odvbs urils{/ `ge

bkul~dk ~sbmg`gkt' Uhb{b `ge luhbs sd{a{ `sb {~boobe lru rgebs b`kh CK^—{

od{udgm dg uhb ^ht{dkd`g—{ Eb{a Sbfbsbgkb' Uhb hbòuh d{{rb d{ glu it kbgusò

klgkbsg dg uhd{ clla/ cru du d{ kbsu`dgot }lsuh klg{debsdgm'



=;

Uhbsb `sb {lib cbgbfdu{ dg uàdgm uhb ^doo uhù h`vb gl sboùdlg ul d{)

{rb{ lf ~sbmg`gkt' Du d{ ~sb{ksdcbe ct elkuls{ ul sbmroùb hlsilgb{ klg)

gbkube ul klgedudlg{ {rkh `{ lv`sd`g kt{u{' @ilgm i`gt luhbs r{b{/ du d{

~sb{ksdcbe ul mbu }libg ‟lg {khberob’ }hl eb{dsb roudiùbot ul ml lff uhb

^doo ge h`vb khdoesbg' Df lgb }`{ k`sbfro ul r{b glg`clsudvb klgus`kb~udvb

dg eedudlg ul uhb doo/ du idmhu cb sb`{lg`cob ul r{b uhb doo csdbfot ul sbmr)oùb hbs ~bsdle{ dg ~sb~`sùdlg fls ` ~sbmg`gkt' Df {dgmob }li`g }hl d{ glu

{bxròot `kudvb h`{ hè kbsu`dg lv`sd`g ~slcobi{/ hbs elkuls—{ ~sb{ksd~udlg

lf uhb ^doo ul usbù hbs klgedudlg idmhu cb vbst `~~sl~sdùb'

@{ olgm { {bxròot dg`kudvb }libg sb }`sb lf uhb ~ht{dkò sd{a{ ul

uhbi{bovb{/ }hdkh uhbt i`t }boo ebubsidgb ul cb `kkb~u`cob/ uhbt {hlroe

fbbo fsbb ul uàb uhb ^doo fls du{ luhbs cbgbfdu{' Uhb ilsò ~slcobi d{ }hbg/

sbm`seob{{ lf uhb sb`{lg{ fls uàdgm du/ {bxròot kudvb }li`g uàb{ uhb doo

`ge uhbsbct srg{ uhb klgudgrlr{ sd{a lf clsudgm khdoe'

D agl} bx`kuot }hù tlr—sb bx~bsdbgkdgm' Df }b hè agl}g uhd{/ G`gkd

`ge D }lroe gbvbs h`vb r{be uhb doo' Cru }b edeg—u agl}/ ge uhbsb—{ gluh)

dgm }b k`g el gl} ul kh`gmb uhù' Df }b }bsb {udoo r{dgm uhb ^doo/ r~lg ed{)

klvbsdgm uhb{b sbòdudb{/ }b }lroe diibedùbot {ul~ r{dgm du' Cru D o{l ir{u

ebò }duh it f`dorsb dg sbkbgu tb`s{/ olgm `fubs }b {ul~~be r{dgm uhb ^doo/ ul

dgvb{udmùb uhb lkk`{dlgò sbfbsbgkb D hb`se ul uhb ~l{{dcdodut uhù uhb ^dook`r{b{ clsudlg{'

]hù `clru mrdou< Uhbsb d{ usrb mrdou `ge uhbsb `sb mrdou fbbodgm{ uhù

~o`mrb r{ bvbg }hbg }b sb glu mrdout/ ls gl olgmbs mrdout cbk`r{b }b h`vb

klgfb{{be ge Khsd{u h`{ flsmdvbg r{' ]hbgbvbs }b h`vb elgb {libuhdgm dg

dmgls`gkb/ du d{ h`se ul ed{kbsg lrs obvbo lf sb{~lg{dcdodut/ cru [ksd~ursb iàb{

kob`s }b sb k`~`cob lf eldgm }slgm bvbg }hbg glu klg{kdlr{ot }`sb lf du'

]hbg ` ~bs{lg kliidu{ ` vdloùdlg `ge {dg{ rgdgubgudlgòot dg sb)m`se ul `gt lf uhb OLSE—{ hlot uhdgm{/ hb d{ ul csdgm ul uhb OLSE `{ `

~bgòut ` sì fsli uhb folka…Du d{ ` mrdou lffbsdgm…Df ` ~bs{lg {dg{ `ge

elb{ }hù d{ flscdeebg dg `gt lf uhb OLSE—{ klii`ge{/ bvbg uhlrmh hb

elb{ glu agl} du/ hb d{ mrdout `ge }doo cb hboe sb{~lg{dcob' Hb d{ ul csdgm ul

uhb ~sdb{u `{ ` mrdou lffbsdgm ` sì fsli uhb folka/ lgb }duhlru ebfbku…Dg

uhd{ }`t uhb ~sdb{u }doo iàb ùlgbibgu fls hdi fls uhb }slgm hb h`{

kliiduube rgdgubgudlgòot/ `ge hb }doo cb flsmdvbg' (Obvdudkr{ 2:05)08$

]b `sb ul {bba lru cbflsb uhb Olse `ge klib ul ubsi{ }duh rgdgubg)udlgò ge rgagl}g {dg{:

‟Hl} i`gt }slgm{ ge {dg{ h`vb D kliiduube< [hl} ib it lffbg{b

`ge it {dg'’ (Jlc 0;:3;$

‟]hl k`g ed{kbsg hd{ bssls{< Flsmdvb it hdeebg f`rou{'’ (^{òi 04:03$



=5

‟Ub{u ib/ L OLSE/ `ge ust ib/ bxìdgb it hb`su `ge it idge'’

(^{òi 36:3$

‟D h`vb klg{debsbe it }`t{ `ge h`vb ursgbe it {ub~{ ul tlrs {uù)

rub{'’ (^{òi 004:24$

‟[b`skh ib/ L Mle/ `ge agl} it hb`su1 ub{u ib `ge agl} it `gx)dlr{ uhlrmhu{' [bb df uhbsb d{ `gt lffbg{dvb }`t dg ib/ `ge obè ib dg uhb

}`t bvbso`{udgm'’ (^{òi 0;4:3;)35$

[ksd~ursb kob`sot ub`khb{ }b }doo b`kh {u`ge cbflsb uhb jremibgu {bù

lf Khsd{u `ge mdvb `g `kklrgu lf }hù }b h`vb elgb dg lrs odvb{ lg b`suh

(Sli`g{ 05:0>1 3 Klsdguhd`g{ 2:0>$' ]hdob lrs {òvùdlg elb{g—u eb~bge lg

lrs eldgm uhdgm{ uhù sb hlglsdgm ul Mle/ lrs sb}`se{ el'

Uhb Cdcob ub`khb{ uhù ct klidgm ul ubsi{ gl} }duh lrs {dg `ge lrs

sb{~lg{dcdodut/ }b k`g ul ` kbsu`dg bxubgu ~sb{bsvb lrs{bovb{ fsli h`vdgm ulf`kb jremibgu oùbs: ‟Cru df }b jrembe lrs{bovb{/ }b }lroe glu klib rgebs

jremibgu’ (0 Klsdguhd`g{ 00:;0$'

@oo lf r{ }hl h`vb r{be uhb ^doo i`t h`vb rgagl}dgmot k`r{be cls)

udlg{/ ge }b kbsu`dgot s`g uhb sd{a lf eldgm {l' @oo lf r{ }hl h`vb sbkli)

ibgebe du `sb ò{l `kklrgu`cob'

Cbk`r{b lf uhb }lsa lf Jb{r{ Khsd{u lg uhb ksl{{ lg lrs cbhòf/ Mle

fsbbot lffbs{ r{ ~`selg `ge flsmdvbgb{{ fls bvbstuhdgm―agl}g {dg{/ rg)

agl}g {dg{/ `ge `kudlg{ uàbg dg dmgls`gkb `ge {dgkbsdut uhù i`t h`vb ubs)sdcob ge rgdgubgebe sb{rou{'

Hb elb{ glu usbù r{ `{ lrs {dg{ eb{bsvb ls sb~`t r{ `kklsedgm ul lrs

dgdprdudb{' Fls `{ hdmh `{ uhb hb`vbg{ `sb `clvb uhb b`suh/ {l msbù d{ hd{

olvb fls uhl{b }hl fb`s hdi1 { f`s { uhb b`{u d{ fsli uhb }b{u/ {l f`s h`{ hb

sbilvbe lrs us`g{msb{{dlg{ fsli r{' @{ ` fùhbs h`{ kli~`{{dlg lg hd{

khdoesbg/ {l uhb OLSE h`{ kli~`{{dlg lg uhl{b }hl fb`s hdi1 fls hb agl}{

hl} }b `sb flsibe/ hb sbibicbs{ uhù }b `sb er{u' (^{òi 0>;:0>)05$]hl d{ ` Mle odab tlr/ }hl ~`selg{ {dg `ge flsmdvb{ uhb us`g{msb{)

{dlg lf uhb sbig`gu lf hd{ dghbsdu`gkb< Tlr el glu {u`t `gmst flsbvbs cru

ebodmhu ul {hl} ibskt' Tlr }doo `m`dg h`vb kli~`{{dlg lg r{1 tlr }doo

usbè lrs {dg{ rgebsfllu `ge hrso òo lrs dgdprdudb{ dgul uhb eb~uh{ lf uhb

{b`' (Idk`h =:08)04$

Df }b klgfb{{ lrs {dg{/ hb d{ f`duhfro `ge jr{u `ge }doo flsmdvb r{ lrs

{dg{ `ge ~rsdft r{ fsli òo rgsdmhublr{gb{{' (0 Jlhg 0:4$

Ul cb hlgb{u/ D h`vbg—u agl}g bx`kuot hl} ul sb{~lge ul lrs tb`s{ lf

r{dgm uhb doo/ ge it sbkliibgedgm du ul klr~ob{ dg ~sbi`sduò klrg{bodgm'

It ~s`tbs h`{ cbbg {libuhdgm odab uhd{―‟Olse/ D—e odab ul uhdga uhd{ }`{g—u

` {dg/ mdvbg lrs dmgls`gkb' Cru c`{be lg tlrs ]lse D {r{~bku du ~slc`cot

}`{' [dgkb D i r{ròot ilsb mrdout uh`g D uhdga/ glu ob{{/ D {hlroe {{rib D



=2

h`vb {dggbe sùhbs uh`g ~sb{ridgm D h`vb glu' ob`{b flsmdvb ib' D uh`ga tlr

uhù uhb ~sdkb tlr ~`de ib`g{ D gbbe glu o`cls rgebs uhb mrdou lf it }slgm

khldkb{ dg uhb ~`{u' Hbo~ ib gl} ul ebilg{usùb uhb klgedudlg lf it hb`su

ct odvdgm lru klg{d{ubguot it klgvdkudlg{ `clru uhb {`gkudut lf hri`g odfb

tlr h`vb ksbùbe' Hbo~ ib gbvbs ul e`sb ~o`t Mle ct r{rs~dgm tlrs {lob

~sbslmùdvb{ `{ uhb mdvbs `ge uàbs lf odfb' @ge hbo~ ib el }hù D k`g ulbgklrs`mb it csluhbs{ `ge {d{ubs{ glu ul el {l bduhbs'’

D cbodbvb dg odmhu lf lrs agl}obemb uhù uhb ^doo k`g k`r{b `clsudlg{/

}b {hlroe gl olgmbs r{b ls sbkliibge du/ ge {hlroe uàb uhb l~~lsurgdut ul

bx~o`dg/ b{~bkd oot ul lrs csluhbs{ ge {d{ubs{ dg Khsd{u/ }ht }b k`gglu'

‟Obu r{ bxìdgb lrs }`t{ `ge ub{u uhbi/ `ge obu r{ sbursg ul uhb

OLSE'’ (Oìbguùdlg{ ;:5>$

‟Hb }hl klgkbò{ hd{ {dg{ elb{ glu ~sl{~bs/ cru }hlbvbs klgfb{{b{`ge sbglrgkb{ uhbi fdge{ ibskt'’ (^slvbsc{ 38:0;$

[liblgb fls}`sebe ul ib g bi`do fsli Khsd{ud`g ~ht{dkd`g }hl d{

ò{l ` I`ssd`mb `ge Fìdot Uhbs`~d{u' Hbsb }`{ hd{ sb{~lg{b ul uhd{ clla:

Uhd{ }doo el ilsb h`si uh`g mlle…It lvbsòo biludlgò sb`kudlg

d{ lgb lf `gmbs' It dguboobkurò sb`kudlg d{ uhù uhd{ iùbsdò }doo h`vb `

ebusdibguò di~`ku lg mlle/ ebvlru Khsd{ud`g klr~ob{' Du `~~b`s{ ul cb `g

bxì~ob lf co`ka ls }hdub uhdgadgm dg `g `sb` froo lf òo adge{ lf {hèb{ lf

ms`t' Uhb Cdcob ~`{{`mb uhù klib{ ul idge d{ Jb{r{— kliibgu dg Orab

00:56: ‘@ge tlr bx~bsu{ dg uhb o`}/ }lb ul tlr/ cbk`r{b tlr olè ~bl~ob

el}g }duh crsebg{ uhbt k`g h`seot k`sst'— @ {dmgdfdk`gu ~`su lf it }lsa {

` uhbs`~d{u fls Khsd{ud`g{ dgvlovb{ hbo~dgm uhbi lvbsklib uhb `fubs)bffbku{

lf sbodmdlr{ ls {~dsdurò `cr{b ~bs~busùbe ct lvbszbòlr{ ls id{mrdebe sb)

odmdlr{ot iludvùbe dgedvderò{' D {bb uhd{ cllaobu `{ `g bxì~ob lf obmò)

d{i c`{be lg ~lls {kdbgkb `ge o`ka lf biludlgò rgebs{u`gedgm `ge kli)

~`{{dlg'033

Dgubsb{udgmot/ uhb }sdubs dgkorebe gl bvdebgkb lf ~lls {kdbgkb dg uhd{

clla/ gls ede hb lffbs `gt mlle {kdbgkb ul sbfrub du' Hb `~~b`s{ ul `{{rib

uhù lgb k`gglu {bu flsuh usruhfro bvdebgkb dg uhd{ sbg` }duhlru cbdgm mrdout

lf obmòd{i ls {~dsdurò cr{b' Rgflsurgùbot/ D cbodbvb uhd{ uhbs`~d{u elb{g—umdvb bduhbs usruh ls ~bl~ob bglrmh ksbedu' D{ usruh ebvlde lf ms`kb< @sb Khsd{)

ud`g{ dgk`~`cob lf h`geodgm edffdkrou dgflsiùdlg ls `kkb~udgm Mle—{ ~slvd)

{dlg fls mrdou< D{ du kli~`{{dlgùb ul hloe c`ka ed{urscdgm usruh fsli ~bl~ob

sùhbs uh`g {h`sb du }duh uhbi {l uhbt k`g iàb uhbds l}g khldkb `{ ul }hù

ul cbodbvb `ge {bba uhb Olse—{ mrde`gkb hl} ul sb{~lge< Du i`t `~~b`s



=6

kli~`{{dlgùb lg du{ f`kb/ cru dg f`ku D cbodbvb du d{ ~ùbsgòd{udk `ge klgeb)

{kbgedgm'

D—vb cbbg uloe ct i`gt luhbs{ uhù du }lroe cb cbuubs ul cb {dobgu/ ul glu

s`d{b uhb d{{rb lf uhb ^doo—{ `cdodut ul k`r{b `clsudlg{' ]ht< Cbk`r{b du }doo

iàb ~bl~ob fbbo mrdout' @ge uhù d{ {r~~l{beot rgadge'

[libudib{/ hl}bvbs/ ` msbùbs {bg{b lf mrdou `ge `kklrgu`cdodut d{bx`kuot }hù }b gbbe/ fls uhbg }b k`g ebò }duh {dg dg Mle—{ }`t/ `ge cb

sbodbvbe lf du sùhbs uh`g dmglsdgm ls {urffdgm du' Uhb {ìb ‟elg—u iàb ~bl~ob

fbbo mrdout’ olmdk ~sli~u{ ~bl~ob glu ul {`t }hù uhb Cdcob sbòot {`t{' Cru

roudiùbot du d{ gbvbs dg ~bl~ob—{ cb{u dgubsb{u{ ul abb~ uhbi dg dmgls`gkb ge

mdvb uhbi gl l~~lsurgdut ul sb{~lge ul uhb Olse'

Lrs id{{dlg ir{u cb ul uboo uhb usruh/ glu ul hdeb du' ]b `sb hbsb glu

{di~ot ul hbo~ b`kh luhbs fbbo mlle/ cru ul hbo~ b`kh luhbs cb mlle' Roud)

iùbot/ uhb msbùb{u adgegb{{ }b k`g lffbs b`kh luhbs d{ uhb usruh' Uhb Khsd{ud`godfb d{ glu c`{be lg vldedgm uhb usruh cru lg hb`sdgm du ge {rciduudgm ul du'

[ksd~ursb {~bà{ lf ` {lssl} uhù obè{ ul sb~bgu`gkb (3 Klsdguhd`g{

=:4$' Du d{ f`s cbuubs ul fbbo mrdout/ sb~bgu ge cbklib lcbedbgu uh`g glu ul fbbo

mrdout/ ge klgudgrb ul ed{lcbt lrs Olse/ bge`gmbs uhb odvb{ lf uhb dgglkbgu/

`ge o`t r~ jremibgu fls lrs{bovb{' Uhb sdmhu }`t ul gl olgmbs fbbo mrdout d{

ul o`t lrs mrdou u uhb fllu lf uhb ksl{{/ glu hdeb ls ebgt du' Uhb udib ul uàb

sb{~lg{dcdodut fls lrs kudlg{ d{ gl}/ glu oùbs u uhb jremibgu {bù lf Khsd{u'

D cbodbvb uhd{ usruh)kbgubsbe `~~sl`kh/ kliirgdkùbe }duh ms`kb/ d{glu lgot sdmhu cru roudiùbot kli~`{{dlgùb'

D—vb hè du {`de ul ib uhù { olgm { ~bl~ob elg—u agl} uhb doo k`r{b{

`clsudlg{/ uhbt—sb cbuubs lff' Df uhbt el hb`s uhb usruh ge elg—u {ul~ uàdgm

uhb ^doo/ lgb }li`g uloe ib/ ct mdvdgm uhbi uhd{ dgflsiùdlg D—vb ièbuhbi ilsb `kklrgu`cob/ dgksb`{be uhbds mrdou/ `ge uhbsbct elgb uhbi ` ed{)

{bsvdkb'

Obvdudkr{ 2 ge luhbs ~`{{`mb{ ebòdgm }duh rgdgubgudlgò ge rgagl}g

{dg{ fot dg uhb f`kb lf uhd{ ‟dmgls`gkb d{ cod{{’ uhblolmt' Uhb klgkb~u ‟df }b

elg—u agl}/ }b—sb glu hboe `kklrgu`cob’ d{g—u cdcodkò' Df du }bsb usrb/ du

klroe cb r{be ul jr{udft f`dodgm ul }`sg ~bl~ob `clru {bxrò diilsòdut/

irsebs/ ls `gt luhbs {dg' Du klroe cb r{be ul ko`di hbùhbg{ `sb cbuubs lff

gbvbs hb`sdgm uhb ml{~bo/ cbk`r{b uhbg uhbt }lroeg—u cb hboe `kklrgu`cob

fls sbjbkudgm du'

]hdob du—{ usrb }b uàb msbùbs jremibgu lg lrs{bovb{ ct sbjbkudgm

usruh uhù h`{ cbbg kob`sot ~sb{bgube/ }b }doo ò{l cb jrembe fls }hù }b

h`vbg—u cbbg uloe cru d{ glgbuhbob{{ usrb' Du—{ glu fls r{ ul }duhhloe usruh

fsli lrs csluhbs{ `ge {d{ubs{ cbk`r{b }b uhdga uhbt }lg—u od{ubg' Du—{ lrs



==

{`ksbe sb{~lg{dcdodut ul {~bà r~ `ge ust ul ~bs{rèb uhbi/ `ge hl~b `ge

~s`t uhbt—oo od{ubg' Frsuhbsilsb/ }b }doo cb hboe kklrgu`cob fls }hbuhbs ls

glu }b—vb lcbtbe Mle ct uboodgm uhbi uhb usruh ge mdvdgm uhbi kh`gkb ul

sb{~lge (Bzbadbo ;;:0)4$'

Bvbg uhb {bkro`s }lsoe sbklmgdzb{ du—{ `g buhdkò i`geùb uhù ~ht{d)

kd`g{ glu }duhhloe ~bsudgbgu dgflsiùdlg fsli ~ùdbgu{' @ ~ht{dkd`g/ ~`{ulsls gtlgb dg g ruhlsduùdvb ls mrdedgm slob idmhu ~bs{lgòot khll{b ul uàb

}hùbvbs sd{a{ hb cbodbvb{ uhb doo ~sb{bgu{ ul khdoe' Cru uhù elb{g—u ib`g

hb {hlroe fbbo fsbb ul }duhhloe dgflsiùdlg clru {rkh sd{a{ fsli uhl{b }hl

usr{u hdi'

Es' ]òubs O`sdilsb/ hdmhot sb{~bkube ge }debot ~rcod{hbe ibedkò

sb{b`skhbs/ ub`khb{ Fìdot Ibedkdgb u uhb Rgdvbs{dut lf [lruh Folsde` ge

d{ ibicbs lf Flkr{ lg uhb Fìdot—{ ht{dkd`g—{ Sb{lrskb Klrgkdo (^SK$'

Dg ` Glvbicbs 044= ibbudgm/ uhb i`jlsdut lf uhb ^SK sb`khbe uhb ~sbodid)g`st klgkor{dlg uhù uhbsb d{ gl edsbku ~sdi`st bvdebgkb uhb doo k`r{b{ cls)

udlg{/ `ge frsuhbs {kdbgudfdk {uret d{ gbbebe' Es' O`sdilsb `ge Es' ]doodì

Ulffobs/ ~slfb{{ls ù uhb Lsbmlg Hbòuh [kdbgkb{ Rgdvbs{dut/ `sb ìlgm uhb

^SK idglsdut uhù h`{ mdvbg kol{b uubgudlg ul uhb sb{b`skh ge d{ klgvdgkbe

uhù }hù }b òsbèt agl} `clru uhb ^doo {rmmb{u{ du ~l{b{ {dmgdfdk`gu sd{a{

ul uhb odvb{ lf rgclsg khdoesbg'

Hl}bvbs/ sbm`seob{{ lf ~ht{dkd`g—{ ~bs{lgò cbodbf{ lg uhd{ iùubs/ du

s`d{b{ uhb ksdudkò d{{rb lf dgflsibe klg{bgu' Dg sbm`se ul uhb ~ht{dkd`g—{sb{~lg{dcdodut ul dgflsi }libg lf uhb ~l{{dcdodut uhb ^doo i`t k`r{b `cls)

udlg{/ Es' O`sdilsb {uùbe ul ib dg ` Fbcsr`st 36/ 0448 bi`do/ ‟Usrb dg)

flsibe klg{bgu sbprdsb{ ebu`dobe kliirgdkùdlg' Df uhb ~ht{dkd`g f`do{ ul

~slvdeb du uhd{ {bsdlr{ot jbl~`sedzb{ ` }li`g—{ `rulglit' Frsuhbs/ df uhd{dgflsiùdlg d{ klg{kdlr{ot }duhhboe/ du d{ ` csb`kh lf buhdk{'’03;

Es' [r{`g Kslkabuu `ge hbs Khsd{ud`g kloob`mrb{ `smrb uhù `gt `cls)

udf`kdbgu bffbku uhb doo idmhu h`vb }lroe cb {l {uùd{udkòot dg{dmgdfdk`gu uhù

~ùdbgu{ gbbe glu cb dg{usrkube ls }lssdbe'035 Cru }lroe il{u ~ùdbgu{/ bx)~l{be ul òo uhb ibedkò `ge {kdbgudfdk {lrskb{ kdube dg uhd{ clla/ sbòot cb)

odbvb uhb kh`gkb{ lf ` ^doo k`r{dgm `g `clsudlg `sb ‟{uùd{udkòot dg{dmgdfd)

k`gu’< bsh`~{ {lib }lroe/ cru kbsu`dgot i`gt }lroe glu' Dg uhù odmhu/ uhb

prb{udlg d{/ ‟[hlroe ~ht{dkd`g{ `ku `{ mùbabb~bs{ }hl }duhhloe `kkb{{ ul

dgflsiùdlg uhù/ erb ul uhb ~ùdbgu{— ebb~ot hboe buhdkò `ge sbodmdlr{ cb)

odbf{/ idmhu ~bs{rèb uhbi ul glu r{b uhb ^doo<’

^slodfbs{ h`vb olgm cbbg ksdudkò lf ô`ggbe ^`sbguhlle `ge uhb `cls)

udlg dger{ust fls uhbds klg{d{ubgu sbfr{ò ul dgflsi }libg lf uhb ebvbol~)

ibgu lf uhbds rgclsg khdoesbg/ ls {hl} uhbi rous`{lrge di`mb{ lf uhl{b

khdoesbg/ ls froot dgflsi uhbi lf uhb sd{a{ lf clsudlg' ‟@clsudlg ~slvdebs{/’

}hl h`vb ~bs{lgò `ge fdg`gkdò vb{ube dgubsb{u{ dg uhb iùubs/ lfubg ko`di

du—{ glu dg ` }li`g—{ cb{u dgubsb{u{ ul cb ~sb{bgube }duh {rkh dgflsiùdlg'

^slodfb ~ht{dkd`g{/ }hl i`t h`vb ~bs{lgò `ge fdg`gkdò vb{ube dgubsb{u{ dg



=8

ed{usdcrudgm uhb ^doo/ ir{u odab}d{b cb k`sbfro glu ul slc }libg lf uhb sdmhu

ul cb froot dgflsibe lf du{ ~lubgudò `clsudvb bffbku{' Du {bbi{ ul ib uhù ul

glu ~s`kudkb dgflsibe klg{bgu sbm`sedgm uhb ^doo cbus`t{ ` ed{sb{~bku fls `

}li`g—{ dguboodmbgkb/ hbs ilsò klgvdkudlg{/ `ge hbs `cdodut ul }bdmh uhb

bvdebgkb ge iàb hbs khldkb'

Df ` ~ht{dkd`g h`{ bvdebgkb uhù uhb ^doo elb{ glu k`r{b `clsudlg{/ hbk`g ~sb{bgu uhù ul hd{ ~ùdbgu { }boo' (D }lroe odab ul {bb du it{bof'$ ]hù d{

uhb }ls{u k`{b {kbg`sdl bduhbs }`t< Df ` ~ht{dkd`g iàb{ ` ~ùdbgu `}`sb lf

bvdebgkb dgedkùdgm uhb ^doo i`t k`r{b b`sot `clsudlg{ `ge oùbs sb{b`skh

dgedkùb{ uhù bvdebgkb }`{g—u vòde/ }hù }doo h`vb cbbg ol{u< @g dgflsibe

ebkd{dlg h`{ cbbg ièb lg oo uhb v`do`cob eù`' Cru df uhb ~ht{dkd`g f`do{ ul

ed{kol{b ul hbs uhb bvdebgkb ge du ursg{ lru du }`{ usrb oo olgm/ uhbg hb h`{

}duhhboe fsli hd{ ~ùdbgu dgflsiùdlg uhù idmhu h`vb ab~u khdoesbg fsli

etdgm ge ab~u hd{ ~ùdbgu—{ klg{kdbgkb fsli cbdgm vdloùbe ct khldkb ièbdg dmgls`gkb'

Uhb Khsd{ud`g Ibedkò `ge Ebguò @{{lkdùdlg h`{ uàbg ` gbrusò

~l{dudlg dg uhb ebcùb `clru uhb ^doo—{ `clsudf`kdbgu ~sl~bsudb{' Du klgkoreb{

ct {`tdgm ‟cbk`r{b uhb ~l{{dcdodut lf `clsudvb bffbku{ k`gglu cb srobe lru/

~sb{ksdcbs{ lf hlsilgò cdsuh klguslo {hlroe klg{debs dgflsidgm ~ùdbgu{ lf

uhd{ ~lubgudò f`kuls'032 Uhb froo {uùbibgu ct uhb KIE@ k`g cb flrge u lrs

}bc{dub }}}'b~i'lsm,KIE@{uùb'huio'

Uhb ‟du—{ cbuubs glu ul {`t gtuhdgm’ ~hdol{l~ht ~ru{ ull irkh bi~h`){d{ lg r{ `ge glu bglrmh lg uhb u}l msbùb{u klii`geibgu{/ olvdgm Mle

`ge olvdgm lrs gbdmhcls (Iùuhb} 33:;6)5>$' Df }b sbòot olvb Mle }b }doo

}`gu ul agl} uhb usruh {l }b k`g `ku dg odmhu lf du' Df }b sbòot olvb lrs

gbdmhcls/ }b }doo }`gu hdi ul agl} uhb usruh {l hb k`g el uhb {ìb' @ge df

}b sbòot olvb lrs il{u vrogbs`cob gbdmhcls{/ uhb rgclsg khdoesbg/ }b }doo

}`gu ul ~slubku ge ~sb{bsvb uhbi dg{ubè lf di~bsdo uhbi uhslrmh lrs {dobgkb'

Jb{r{ d{ uhb usruh' Uhl{b }hl {bsvb hdi `sb kli~boobe ul {~bà uhb

usruh/ od{ubg ul uhb usruh/ ge flool} uhb usruh dg bvbst sbg` lf odfb/ gl iùubshl} edffdkrou ls dgklgvbgdbgu'

D sbòdzb ~bl~ob i`t {dgkbsbot ~s`t `ge ebkdeb du—{ la`t fls uhbi ul

r{b uhb doo' Lcvdlr{ot/ bvbstlgb ir{u iàb hd{ l}g khldkb' D i glu flsk)

dgm it klgkor{dlg{ lg gtlgb' D i {uùdgm it cbodbf{' Lgb lf uhl{b cbodbf{d{ uhù uhb ~b`kb ls o`ka lf ~b`kb lgb fbbo{ `fubs ~s`tdgm k`g cb hdmhot {rc)

jbkudvb/ rgob{{ du d{ {~bkdfdkòot sllube dg lcjbkudvb usruh{' Uhbsb `sb i`gt

~bl~ob }hl fbbo mlle `clru eldgm }slgm uhdgm{ `ge luhbs{ }hl fbbo cè

`clru eldgm sdmhu uhdgm{' D h`vb {bbg ~bl~ob iàb rg}d{b `ge bvbg kù`)

{usl~hdk ebkd{dlg{ }hl uloe ib uhbt ~s`tbe ge fbou mlle clru du'



=4

Lfubg uhb sb`{lg }b ‟fbbo ~b`kb’ i`t cb cbk`r{b }b sb eldgm }hù d{

il{u kliflsu`cob/ klgvbgdbgu/ gùrsò ls }debot kkb~ube' Glgb lf uhb{b d{

mlle sb`{lg ul cbodbvb }b sb eldgm sdmhu' ]b gbbe ul {b`skh uhb [ksd~ursb{

ul {bb }hù d{ usrb/ ge {rcjbku lrs{bovb{ ul uhb ruhlsdut ge mrde`gkb lf uhb

sbvbòbe }doo lf Mle (@ku{ 0=:00$' Uhbg }hbg }b kòo r~lg Mle—{ dge}boo)

dgm [~dsdu ul ub`kh `ge edsbku r{/ hb k`g mrdeb r{ dg odmhu lf }hù hb h`{lcjbkudvbot {`de ul r{/ glu ibsbot }hù }b {rcjbkudvbot fbbo'

D—vb hb`se i`gt ~bl~ob sb{~lge ul uhd{ d{{rb ct {`tdgm ‟D jr{u elg—u

fbbo du—{ ` ~slcobi'’ ]hbg D `{a fls `gt bvdebgkb uhbt agl} lf uhù sbfrub{

uhù ~sb{bgube dg uhd{ cllaobu/ uhbt gbvbs h`vb gt ul lffbs' Uhbt {`t/ ‟D jr{u

fbbo uhù…/’ `{ df h`vdgm ` fbbodgm }bsb {libhl} ` mlle sb`{lg ul cbodbvb

{libuhdgm' ‟D fbbo’ {uùbibgu{ `sb {dgkbsb cru {rcjbkudvb1 uhbt `sb glu ò)

}`t{ c`{be lg sbòdut' ‟D uhdga uhd{ fls uhb{b sb`{lg{/ cbk`r{b lf uhd{ bvd)

ebgkb…’ {udoo ob`vb{ slli fls ed{`msbbibgu/ cru du d{ f`s ilsb lcjbkudvb'Lgb ~h`si`kd{u }hl ed{~bg{b{ uhb ^doo {uùbe ‟D agl} du k`r{b{ `cls)

udlg{/ cru D ~s`t lvbs b`kh ~sb{ksd~udlg uhù du }lg—u k`r{b g clsudlg dg uhb

~bl~ob D—i mdvdgm du ul'’ Uhd{ i`g {hlroe cb kliibgebe fls hd{ {bg{dudvb

{~dsdu `ge ~s`tbsfro ùudureb' Lg uhb luhbs h`ge/ D cbodbvb du d{ rgsb`{lg`cob

ul ed{~bg{b ` ~slerku agl}g ul k`r{b `clsudlg{ `ge uhbg bx~bku Mle ul

`g{}bs ~s`tbs uhù du }doo glu }lsa dg uhù }`t'

Df D sbè {uredb{ {hl}dgm uhù it fìdot—{ f`vlsdub fsrdu jrdkb {lib)

udib{ sb{roube dg fùòdudb{/ }lroe D sb{~lge ct ~s`tdgm uhbt }lroe glu edbbvbst udib D ~lrsbe uhbi ` mo`{{< Ls }lroe D jr{u mbu sde lf uhb fsrdu jrdkb

`ge gbvbs r{b du `m`dg< Df D ~s`tbe `clru du `ge uloe tlr D ‟hè ` ~b`kb’ uhù

du }`{ oo sdmhu ul abb~ {bsvdgm uhbi uhd{ fsrdu jrdkb eb{~dub du{ ~slvbg cdodut

ul uàb hri`g odfb/ df tlr }bsb it fsdbge/ }hù }lroe tlr {`t ul ib<

Lgb ~slodfb ~ht{dkd`g sbè fb} lf uhb kduùdlg{ dg uhd{ clla ge }slub

ib uhd{: ‟D uhdga ~slodfbs{ {hlroe {u`t `}`t fsli uhb{b uhblsbudkò `smr)

ibgu{ `ge {udka }duh fdmhudgm }hù }b agl} ul cb }slgm: bobkudvb dgerkbe

`clsudlg{' ]b ebfbù lrs{bovb{ df }b mbu k`ssdbe `}`t lg u`gmbgu{ `smrdgm

`clru CK^{'’

]hbg D bxìdgb uhd{ bvdebgkb/ D el glu cbodbvb du d{ uhblsbudkò' D cb)

odbvb du d{ sbò' ]b elg—u agl} hl} i`gt khdoesbg sb etdgm fsli uhb r{b lf

lsò klgus`kb~udvb{' Du {bbi{ `~~`sbgu uhù {lib/ odabot i`gt/ `sb' Bvbg df tlr uhdga uhb bvdebgkb d{g—u klgkor{dvb/ tlr ir{u kagl}obemb uhù uhb doo

i`t cb adoodgm khdoesbg' D{g—u uhù ù ob`{u }lsuh dgflsidgm ~bl~ob<

@{ ul {udkadgm }duh fdmhudgm ‟}hù }b agl} ul cb }slgm/’ uhb prb{udlg

d{ }hbuhbs }b agl} du d{ }slgm ul adoo glu jr{u uhb loebs ~sbclsg khdoesbg cru

uhb tlrgmb{u lgb{' Ls }hbuhbs }b agl} du d{ `{ }slgm ul adoo khdoesbg }duh



8>

khbidkò{ { }duh {rsmdkò dg{usribgu{' Uhb g{}bs ul cluh uhb{b prb{udlg{/

D cbodbvb/ d{ tb{' Cluh sb{rou dg uhb ebùh{ lf khdoesbg ksbùbe dg Mle—{ di`mb'

Uhb rgebsotdgm cbodbf {bbi{ ul cb uhù {rsmdkò `clsudlg{ `sb ‟sbò’

`ge khbidkò `clsudlg{ `sb glu' Uhd{ d{ usrb lgot df loebs khdoesbg `sb ilsb

sbò ls vòr`cob uh`g tlrgmbs lgb{' Uhd{ d{ ` fòo`kt uhù/ lf òo ~bl~ob/

~slodfb Khsd{ud`g{ {hlroe gbvbs crt dgul' @ khdoe d{ khdoe/ gl iùubs }hùhd{ `mb ls {dzb'

Df hri`g odfb edeg—u cbmdg rgudo di~o`guùdlg ls uhbsb`fubs/ uhbg klg)

kbsg clru uhb doo }lroe dgebbe cb {debus`kadgm r{ fsli sbò clsudlg{' Cru

uhb usruh d{ uhd{‛‛uhb edffbsbgkb cbu}bbg adoodgm ` {bvbg e`t loe ‟ztmlub’

`ge ` {bvbg }bba loe ‟fbur{’ d{ bx`kuot uhb {ìb `{ cbu}bbg adoodgm ` khdoe

{bvbg e`t{ `fubs cdsuh `ge adoodgm ` khdoe {bvbg }bba{ `fubs cdsuh' Uhbsb

{di~ot d{ gl edffbsbgkb' [dx)e`t)loe khdoesbg `sb jr{u `{ sbò `{ {dx)tb`s)loe

khdoesbg/ `ge khbidkò `clsudlg{ `sb jr{u `{ sbò `{ {rsmdkò `clsudlg{/ jr{u`{ eb{bsvdgm lf lrs klgkbsg ge kudlg' ‟@gtlgb/ uhbg/ }hl agl}{ uhb mlle

hb lrmhu ul el `ge elb{g—u el du/ {dg{’ (Jìb{ 5:0=$'

]doo }b `{ ~slodfbs{ ‟ebfbù lrs{bovb{’ ct {~bàdgm r~ fls khdoesbg

adoobe ct khbidkò{ { }b el fls khdoesbg adoobe ct {rsmbsdb{< Ls }doo }b jr{u

cbklib ilsb klg{d{ubgu `ge ob{{ ht~lksdudkò dg lrs èvlk`kt fls uhb rg)

clsg<

D{ ~ldgudgm lru uhb `clsudf`kdbgu gùrsb lf cdsuh klguslo ~doo{ ` ‟u`g)

mbgu’ mbuudgm r{ lff us`ka/ ls d{ du mbuudgm r{ lg us`ka ct lcbtdgm Mle—{klii`ge ul {~bà r~ fls uhl{b }hl k`gglu {~bà fls uhbi{bovb{< (^slvbsc{

;0:8)4$

B`sodbs D kdube uhb ~`~bs {dmgbe ct u}bgut ~slodfb ~ht{dkd`g{/ ffdsidgm

uhù uhb ^doo elb{ glu k`r{b `clsudlg{' Dg du{ klgkor{dlg du iàb{ uhd{ ~ldgu:

Hl} h`~~t uhb `clsudlgd{u{ ir{u cb ul fdge r{ us`dgdgm lrs mrg{ lg `

~sb{ri~udlg/ k`r{dgm edvd{dlg,klgfr{dlg ìlgm ~sl)odfb flskb{/ `ge uà)

dgm {lib lf uhb hbù lff uhb `clsudlg dger{ust' Lrmhu }b glu sùhbs cb{~bgedgm lrs bgbsmdb{ ul bodidgùb uhb klgvbgdbgu eb{usrkudlg lf uhb dggl)

kbgu rgclsg<

Fds{u/ lrs jlc d{ ul fdge uhb usruh/ bvbg df du k`r{b{ edvd{dlg ls klgfr)

{dlg' ]b {hlroe glu klgubgu lrs{bovb{ }duh rgdut `ge ‟kbsu`dgut’ c`{be lg

dmgls`gkb lf uhb usruh' (D }lroe o{l hl~b uhù }b sb iùrsb bglrmh ul glu

cb edvdebe {di~ot cbk`r{b }b ir{u ebò }duh bvdebgkb uhù d{ rg~ob`{`gu'$

[bklge/ }b `sb glu uàdgm hbù lff uhb `clsudlg dger{ust' D ì `{

irkh l~~l{be ul {rsmdkò `clsudlg{ gl} `{ D—vb cbbg uhb o`{u {bvbgubbgtb`s{' Dg f`ku/ df uhb doo {libudib{ k`r{b{ clsudlg{/ }hù }b sb eldgm

d{ ~ruudgm hbù lg `gluhbs `{~bku lf uhb `clsudlg dger{ust/ uhb lgb dg)

vlovbe dg khbidkò `clsudlg{' Rgob{{ }b cbodbvb du d{ cbuubs ul adoo `

khdoe }duh khbidkò{ uh`g }duh {rsmdkò dg{usribgu{/ }b {hlroe l~~l{b

òo `clsudlg{/ glu jr{u {lib lf uhbi' Uhd{ d{ b{~bkdòot usrb }hbg }b



80

klg{debs uhb frursb lf uhb clsudlg dger{ust odb{ ilsb ge ilsb dg khbid)

kò `clsudlg{ `ge dgksb`{dgmot ob{{ dg {rsmdkò lgb{' Eb{dsdgm ul ~slubku

uhb {iòob{u ~sbclsg khdoesbg fsli khbidkò `clsudlg{ dg gl }`t uàb{

`}`t fsli uhb di~lsu`gkb lf ~slubkudgm cdmmbs ~sbclsg{ fsli {rsmdkò

`clsudlg' Du d{ glu bduhbs,ls/ du d{ cluh,`ge'

Fdgòot/ uhb {uùbibgu lf {lib ~slodfb ~ht{dkd`g{ ~~b`s{ ul odidu ‟klg)vbgdbgkb’ clsudlg{ ul {rsmdkò lgb{' Du {bbi{ glu ul kagl}obemb uhù khbid)

kò `clsudlg{ `sb bvbst cdu `{ eb{usrkudvb ul khdoesbg/ `ge bvbst cdu `{ ed{)

~ob`{dgm ul Mle' Dslgdkòot/ ct khll{dgm ul uàb hlsilgò klgus`kb~udvb{

}hbg uhb bvdebgkb dgedkùb{ uhbt ~ru dgglkbgu khdoesbg—{ odvb{ u sd{a/ elg—u

}b rggbkb{{`sdot srg uhb sd{a lf kliiduudgm uhb vbst ‟klgvbgdbgkb’ `cls)

udlg{ uhb {uùbibgu klgebig{<

D sbkbguot sbkbdvbe ` kòo fsli ` ~slodfb obèbs }hl {`de ` ~ht{dkd`g

fsdbge lf hbs{ hè hb`se `clru uhd{ clla' Hb uloe hbs/ ‟]b }doo òo ol{b

ksbedcdodut df ~bl~ob hb`s i`dg{usbì ~slodfbs{ l~~l{dgm uhb ^doo'’

]hù {hlroe sbòot iàb r{ ol{b ksbedcdodut d{ df }b dmglsb uhb usruh

`ge ml sdmhu lg r{dgm uhb doo bvbg df du k`r{b{ clsudlg{' L~~l{dudlg ul cls)

udlg ebi`ge{ klg{d{ubgkt' ]b l~~l{b khbidkò clsudlg{ glu cbk`r{b }b—sb

bxusbid{u{/ cru cbk`r{b uhbt el }hù {rsmdkò `clsudlg{ el: adoo khdoesbg' Dg

i`gt btb{/ lrs l~~l{dudlg ul {rsmdkò clsudlg{ h`{ osbèt ol{u r{ ksbedcdo)dut' D—i glu {rsb hl} irkh ksbedcdodut }b h`vb obfu ul ol{b dg uhb `sbg` lf

khbidkò `clsudlg{' Cru dg `gt k`{b }b ir{u gbvbs {`ksdfdkb usruh lg uhb

òu`s lf ksbedcdodut'

Uhb f`ku uhù uhd{ klgkbsg bvbg bxd{u{ {hl}{ hl} rgksdudkòot }b `{ `

kroursb ge Khsd{ud`g kliirgdut h`vb bics`kbe uhb ^doo' Uhb di~sb{{dlg D

lfubg mbu fsli ~bl~ob—{ gmbs ge sb{bguibgu clru uhd{ d{{rb d{/ ‟Hl} e`sb

tlr {~bà `m`dg{u uhb ^doo<’ D—i glu uòadgm `clru uhb sb{~lg{b lf

glgkhsd{ud`g{/ cru Khsd{ud`g{' D{ uhb ^doo {l {`ksbe uhù }b k`g—u bvbg s`d{bprb{udlg{ klgkbsgdgm du< D{ du {l irkh ~`su lf r{ uhù }b k`gglu bvbg ~sb{bgu

{kdbgudfdk bvdebgkb `ge bx~sb{{ cdcodkò `ge buhdkò klgkbsg{ }duhlru ‟ol{)

dgm ksbedcdodut’< Df {l/ uhbg uhb ^doo h`{ uàbg lg uhb slob lf ` kroursò delo/

ebi`gedgm }ls{hd~ ge sbjbkudgm {ksrudgt (0 Jlhg 2:30$'

Bvbg df l~~l{dgm uhb `clsudlg{ k`r{be ct uhb ^doo iàb{ r{ ol{b

ksbedcdodut }duh {lib ~bl~ob/ du elb{g—u kh`gmb uhb ilsò sdmhugb{{ lf

uhb ~l{dudlg' Dgubmsdut cbflsb Mle d{ ilsb di~lsu`gu uh`g ksbedcdodut

cbflsb ibg' ]b gbbe ul k`sbfroot `ge olvdgmot {~bà uhb usruh/ glu crst/

dmglsb ls ebgt du'

Uhb ^doo—{ hloe lg uhb Khsd{ud`g kliirgdut h`{ lfubg {rsf`kbe }hbg

D—vb usdbe ul olvdgmot ~sb{bgu uhb klgkbsg{ lf uhd{ clla' Lgb ~bs{lg/ }hl

eb{ksdcbe hbs{bof `{ ` kliiduube Khsd{ud`g `ge ~slodfbs/ }`{ vbst r~{bu ct

uhd{ clla/ `ge }slub/ ‟]b }ls{hd~ Mle/ glu fbsudodzbe bmm{'’



83

]hl }ls{hd~{ fbsudodzbe bmm{< Elb{ uhb }sdubs uhdga uhl{b }hl prb{)

udlg uhb r{b lf uhb doo lru lf klgkbsg fls gb}ot)klgkbdvbe khdoesbg sb uhbsbct

‟}ls{hd~~dgm fbsudodzbe bmm{’< @{ D—vb {`de/ uhb ubsi ‟fbsudodzbe bmm{’ d{

ebhri`gdzdgm/ `ge lc{krsb{ uhb hri`gdut lf uhb gb}ot)klgkbdvbe khdoe'

[`tdgm }b elg—u }ls{hd~ ‟fbsudodzbe bmm{’ dg{ubè lf }b elg—u }ls{hd~ ‟khdo)

esbg’ i`t sbfobku ` cd`{ uhù {bb{ uhb jr{u)ksbùbe khdoe `{ dghri`g ls ob{{hri`g uh`g loebs/ o`smbs khdoesbg'

Dg gt k`{b/ du d{ uslrcodgm klgkor{dlg uhù {~bàdgm r~ fls uhb sdmhu{

lf khdoesbg klg{udurub{ ‟}ls{hd~~dgm’ uhbi' D cbodbvb uhb c`{d{ lf lrs klg)

kbsg fls ~sbclsg khdoesbg elb{ glu klgusèdku uhb }ls{hd~ lf Mle/ cru fol}{

fsli du' ]ls{hd~ `ge lcbedbgkb ml h`ge dg h`ge (E`gdbo =:3=$' Df }b }ls)

{hd~ Mle/ `ge hb uboo{ r{ ul fbbe uhb hrgmst/ }b el du (Iùuhb} 32:;0)56$'

Uhd{ elb{ glu ib`g }b }ls{hd~ uhb hrgmst' Df {liblgb evlkùb{ k`sdgm fls

}del}{ ge ls~h`g{/ D elg—u {`t ul hdi/ ‟]b }ls{hd~ Mle/ glu }del}{ gels~h`g{'’

Uhd{ kliibgu sbidge{ ib lf uhb flsibs [rsmblg Mbgbsò—{ {uùbibgu

uhù ~slodfbs{ ‟gbbe ul mbu lvbs uhbds olvb `ff`ds }duh uhb fbur{'’ Dg f`ku/ lrs

olvb `ff`ds d{ }duh Mle' Uhù—{ }ht }b }`gu ul hlgls `ge lcbt hdi ct

olvdgm `ge k`sdgm fls uhb {iòob{u khdoesbg ksbùbe dg hd{ di`mb'

Uhd{ d{ {libuhdgm uhù ebb~ot uslrcob{ ib' D elg—u }`gu `gt lf it

klrguob{{ ~ht{dkd`g fsdbge{/ csluhbs{ ge {d{ubs{ ul cb ièb rgkliflsu`cob

ls ~ru lg uhb ebfbg{dvb' Rgflsurgùbot/ uhd{ d{ lgb lf uhl{b d{{rb{ uhù dgbvd)

u`cot ~ru{ uhbi lg uhb {~lu/ b{~bkdòot Lc,Mtg{ `ge fìdot ~s`kududlgbs{'

Luhbs uh`g uòadgm }duh uhbi/ {ti~ùhdzdgm }duh uhbi/ ge ~s`tdgm fls uhbi/

D—i glu {rsb }hù bo{b ul el' ]hbg ed{kr{{dgm uhd{ d{{rb du d{ o}`t{ sbobv`gu

ul sbibicbs uhù dgflsibe klg{bgu d{ ` }debot `kkb~ube buhdkò i`geùb lf ilebsg ibedkdgb'036 Df glgcbodbvbs{ sbklmgdzb uhd{/ }b { cbodbvbs{ {hlroe

uàb du bvbg ilsb {bsdlr{ot'

D el agl} uhù {lib ibedkò ~slfb{{dlgò{ h`vb uàbg ` {u`ge lg

uhd{ d{{rb/ `ge Mle h`{ cbbg hlglsbe ct du' Lgb lf uhb ~ht{dkd`g{ }hl

bvòrùbe uhd{ clla cbflsb ~rcodkùdlg uloe ib {hb {h`sbe uhb dgflsi`)

udlg }duh ` ~ùdbgu/ }hl od{ubgbe `ge `~~sbkdùbe hb`sdgm uhb f`ku{' @g

Lc,Mtg uloe ib uhù tb`s{ `ml/ `fubs klidgm ul sbòdzb uhb ^doo k`r{b{

`clsudlg{/ hb ebkdebe hb klroe gl olgmbs ~sb{ksdcb du' Hb dgflsibe hd{

~ùdbgu{ }ht' @u fds{u/ hb ol{u ` {dmgdfdk`gu gricbs lf ~ùdbgu{ `ge dg)

klib' Roudiùbot hd{ ~s`kudkb {u`sube uhsdvdgm m`dg/ {dgkb i`gt ~slodfb

~bl~ob sb{~bkube hd{ {u`ge `ge cbodbvbe uhbt klroe usr{u hdi lg iùubs{

lf ~sdgkd~ob{ `ge buhdk{' Uhbsbflsb uhbt {lrmhu hdi lru `{ uhbds ~ht{dkd`g'



8;

Lf klrs{b/ bvbg df hb hè gbvbs sbm`dgbe uhb ol{u ~ùdbgu{ `ge dgklib/

uhb di~lsu`gu uhdgm d{ hb ièb ` ebkd{dlg uhù hlglsbe Mle'

E`vde Cdbcbo/ }sdudgm dg Ule`t—{ Khsd{ud`g Elkuls / sboùb{ uhb {ulst

lf Sruh Cloulg/ flsibs hbè lf uhb fìdot ~s`kudkb sb{debgkt ~slmsì u uhb

Rgdvbs{dut lf Idggb{lu` Ibedkò [khllo' Es' Cloulg sbfr{be ul ~sb{ksdcb

uhb ^doo `ge }lroe glu us`dg hbs {urebgu{ dg `clsudlg ~slkbersb{' [hb lc){bsvbe ` msl}dgm ~hdol{l~ht dg us`dgdgm uhù ~o`kbe coìb lg uhb ibedkò

~s`kududlgbs df `g rgbx~bkube ~sbmg`gkt lkkrssbe' Ob`vdgm }`{ ` edffdkrou

ebkd{dlg/ cru fubs sb{dmgdgm dg 0446/ Es' Cloulg {u`sube Khsd{ud`g ~s`kudkb

uhù/ `{ b`sot `{ 0448/ bvlovbe dgul uhb froot {u`ffbe `ge uhsdvdgm [lubsd`

Fìdot Hbòuh Kbgubs'03=

[dido`sot/ uhbsb sb ~h`si`kd{u{ }hl `sb kliiduube glu ul ed{usdc)

rub uhb ^doo cbk`r{b lf uhbds ~slodfb klgvdkudlg{' Uhd{ k`g ksbùb edffd)

krout `ge klguslvbs{t/ cru {libudib{ uàdgm ` {u`ge fls }hù d{ sdmhudgbvdu`cot elb{ uhù/ `ge ~bl~ob `sb roudiùbot dgflsibe/ khòobgmbe `ge

cbgbfdube'

Kòdflsgd` ~h`si`kd{u Jlhg Clodgm sbfr{be ul ed{~bg{b LK{ `{ `

‟ilsgdgm `fubs ~doo/’ lg I`skh 34/ 044=' Uhb {ulst }`{ ~dkabe r~ ct

Udib/ @{{lkdùbe ^sb{{/ `ge @CK/ KC[/ `ge KGG' Clodgm }`{ sb~sd)

i`gebe ct hd{ bi~oltbs/ Olgm—{ Esrm [ulsb{/ }hbg hb sbfr{be ul sbfbs

uhb kodbgu ul gluhbs ~h`si`kt fls clsudf`kdbgu ~doo{' Glu lgot h`si`)

kd{u{ fls Odfb cru uhb Kòdflsgd` ^h`si`kd{u{ @{{lkdùdlg {r~~lsubeClodgm—{ sdmhu lf klg{kdbgkb glu ul ed{~bg{b khbidkò{ }hdkh vdloùb hd{

sbodmdlr{/ ilsò ls buhdkò {u`ge`se{'

Idab Aù{lgd{ d{ ` ~h`si`kd{u fls A)I`su dg ]lle{ Ksl{{/ Ru`h' Hb

hè sb{dmgbe fsli uhb kì~r{ ed{~bg{`st ù uhb Rgdvbs{dut lf Folsde` ù

M`dgb{vdoob dg 0440 }hbg hb sbfr{be ul fdoo ~sb{ksd~udlg{ fls uhb ‟ilsgdgm

`fubs ~doo'’ Aù{lgd{ h`{ dgvlabe uhb ^h`si`kd{u—{ klg{kdbgkb ko`r{b `ge

sbfr{b{ ul fdoo `clsudf`kdbgu ~sb{ksd~udlg{ ù A)I`su'

A)I`su—{ {~lab{i`g E`g J`svd{ h`{ sb{~lgebe ul uhd{ sbfr{ò ct {uù)dgm ‟A)I`su }doo ed{usdcrub uhb{b ~doo{ }hbg ` elkuls ~sb{ksdcb{ uhbi' ]b

}doo glu ulobsùb ` ~h`si`kd{u }hl/ lg hd{ l}g cbk`r{b lf hd{ l}g cbodbf{/

}doo glu ed{usdcrub uhb{b ibedkùdlg{'’038

A)I`su fdsbe Dged`g` ~h`si`kd{u A`sbg Cs`rbs fls sbfr{dgm ul ed{)

~bg{b IdkslGls/ ~slmb{udg)lgot ~doo uhù k`r{b{ clsudlg{' 034 (Dgflsiùdlg

lg uhb h`si`kd{u—{ Klg{kdbgkb Ko`r{b d{ v`do`cob u h`si`kd{u{ fls Odfb—{

}bc{dub u }}}' ~fod'lsm'$

D sbòdzb uhbsb `sb {lib ~slfb{{dlgò {`ksdfdkb{ uhù idmhu cb ièb ct

uhl{b }hl ku lg uhb cbodbf uhù uhb doo k`r{b{ clsudlg{' Cru D ì klgvdgkbe

Mle k`g cb usr{ube ul mrdeb `ge ~slvdeb fls uhl{b }doodgm ul iàb {rkh

{`ksdfdkb{' D ò{l cbodbvb uhb sb{u lf r{ {hlroe cb uhb fds{u ul `~~o`re uhbi/

{u`ge cb{deb uhbi `ge {r~~lsu uhbi dg bvbst }`t }b k`g'



85

Dg uhb ~slkb{{ lf it sb{b`skh D—vb ed{klvbsbe {libuhdgm D cbodbvb òo

Khsd{ud`g{ {hlroe uàb vbst {bsdlr{ot' Du d{ dgksb`{dgmot kliilg dg ibedkò

odubsùrsb ul fdge uhb Mle)mdvbg k`~`kdut ul cb`s khdoesbg vdb}be glu `{ `cob{{dgm ul cb kbobcsùbe cru `g `ffodkudlg ul cb lvbsklib' Uhb FE@/ ~h`s)

i`kbrudkò{ ge i`gt ~ht{dkd`g{ {bbi zbòlr{ot kliiduube ul ~sbvbgu ~sbm)

g`gkt `{ lgb idmhu o`cls ul ~sbvbgu lcb{dut ls k`gkbs' ]libg `sb klgudgr)

lr{ot }`sgbe clru uhb ‟sd{a’ lf mbuudgm ~sbmg`gu ge sb dg{usrkube ul h`vb

c`ka)r~ cdsuh klguslo dg uhb bvbgu g ‟`kkdebgu’ h`~~bg{'

Uhd{ d{ uhb o`gmr`mb lf dgjrst/ ed{b`{b ge id{flsurgb' Uhb di~odkùdlg

d{ uhù ~sbmg`gkt―`ge uhb c`ct }hl ~sbmg`gkt d{ clru―d{ odab {iòo~lxls urcbskrol{d{/ ` ed{b`{b ul cb bodidgùbe' Uhb ib{{`mb d{ glu {l {rcuob―

khdoesbg `sb dgklgvbgdbgkb{/ fdg`gkdò es`dg{ `ge {lrskb{ lf rgh`~~dgb{{'

(Bxkb~u }hbg }b sbòot }`gu uhbi/ dg }hdkh k`{b uhbt `sb èls`cob `ge }b

{hlroe {~ldo uhbi }duh bvbst iùbsdò ~l{{b{{dlg agl}g ul i`g'$ Sùhbs

uh`g cb vdb}be `{ ` cob{{dgm―}hdkh uhbt `sb dg [ksd~ursb `ge dg irkh lf

hri`g hd{ulst―uhbt `sb lfubg fb`sbe `ge `vldebe ù gb`sot òo kl{u{' Uhb

f`ku uhù uhd{ gud)cdcodkò ~hdol{l~ht ~bsibùb{ {l irkh ed{kr{{dlg sbm`se)

dgm uhb doo {hlroe obsu r{ ul uhb f`ku uhù }b {hlroe glu klg{debs {rkh {lrskb{gbrusò ls lcjbkudvb' Uhbt sb froot k`~`cob lf dgforbgkdgm bvbg {dgkbsb Khsd{)

ud`g{ }duh `gud)khdoesbg `ge `gud)cdcodkò ~sl~`m`ge`'

I`gt door{usùdlg{ bxd{u/ cru lgb ilsb {hlroe {rffdkb' Klgus`kb~udvb

Ubkhglolmt d{ {u`ge`se ubxuclla r{be dg ibedkò {khllo{ ksl{{ uhb klrg)

ust ul us`dg ibedkò {urebgu{ dg ~sb{ksdcdgm cdsuh klguslo' I`gt }lroe `{)

{rib du ul cb `g lcjbkudvb {lrskb lf ibedkò dgflsiùdlg' Cru uhb 06 uh sb)

vd{be bedudlg lf uhd{ ubxuclla }`{ {~bkdfdkòot ebedkùbe ul uhb flool}dgm:

`clsudlg dger{ust lsm`gdzùdlg{/ ô`ggbe ^`sbguhlle Fbebsùdlg `ge uhbFbidgd{u ]libg—{ Hbòuh Kbgubs{/ { }boo { uhb ‟gb} QKodgulgY obèbs{hd~

dg ]`{hdgmulg QEKY’ 0;>

Du d{ ` us`mdk dslgt uhù }b }hl `sb Khsd{ud`g{ ust ul ~bs{rèb ~bl~ob

glu ul h`vb ` {dgmob {rsmdkò `clsudlg/ }hdob `{ ` sb{rou lf lrs khldkb ul uàb

uhb ^doo }b i`t cb h`vdgm u}l/ uhsbb/ ` hòf elzbg ls ilsb khbidkò `cls)

udlg{ lrs{bovb{'

It dgubgudlg d{ glu ul fdgmbs)~ldgu' D uàb gl mobb }hù{lbvbs dg }sdu)

dgm uhd{' @{{bicodgm `ge ~sb{bgudgm uhb{b iùbsdò{ h`{ glu cbbg bgjlt`cob

fls ib' D el glu }d{h ul ~ru it csluhbs{ ge {d{ubs{ lg uhb ebfbg{dvb' Gls el

D `{{rib uhb }ls{u lf uhbi/ uhù uhbt }doo òo dmglsb uhd{ bvdebgkb `ge cb

kòolr{ ul uhb odvb{ lf rgclsg khdoesbg'



82

Df }b—e hè uhb dgflsiùdlg uhbg uhù }b el gl}/ D i klgvdgkbe G`gkd

`ge D }lroe h`vb {ul~~be r{dgm uhb ^doo' Dg uhb f`kb lf uhb bvdebgkb/ D uhdga

i`gt luhbs{ }doo iàb uhb {ìb ebkd{dlg' Lf klrs{b/ D ì glu g`dvb―D

sbòdzb uhù i`gt luhbs}d{b ~slodfb ~bl~ob }doo klgudgrb ul uàb uhb ^doo ge

i`gt Khsd{ud`g ~ht{dkd`g{ }doo klgudgrb ul ~sb{ksdcb ge sbkliibge du' D el

hl~b uhù lvbs udib uhd{ }doo kh`gmb/ `{ }b cbklib ilsb dgflsibe `ge lrsklg{kdbgkb{ cbklib {bg{dudzbe'

D h`vb {~labg }duh i`gt Khsd{ud`g ~ht{dkd`g{/ csluhbs{ D ebb~ot sb)

{~bku/ {adgm uhbi uhbds l~dgdlg{ lg uhd{ sb{b`skh' [lib h`vb {`de ‟}b gbbe

frsuhbs {uredb{'’ Lgb {`de/ ‟D—vb gbvbs hb`se lf gt lf uhd{ cbflsb'’ @gluhbs

{`de/ ‟D edeg—u agl} clru uhd{/ cru gl} uhù D el D k`g gl olgmbs sbkliibge

uhb doo ul it ~ùdbgu{'’ [udoo gluhbs {`de/ ‟D—vb hb`se srils{ clru uhd{/ cru

gl lgb h`{ bvbs ~ldgube ib ul `gt h`se bvdebgkb'’

D klgkrs uhù frsuhbs {uret d{ gbbebe `ge D }lroe cb ebodmhube df uhù{uret klgusèdkube uhb bxd{udgm bvdebgkb `ge {libhl} ebilg{usùbe uhù

uhb ^doo d{ dgk`~`cob lf k`r{dgm `clsudlg{' D }lroe odab gluhdgm ilsb uh`g ul

{`t/ ‟uhlrmh du ~~b`sbe fls udib uhù uhb doo odabot k`r{b{ clsudlg{/ gb}

fdgedgm{ sbfrub uhù gludlg ge {{rsb r{ du elb{ glu'’ D }lroe moèot sbus`ku

uhd{ clla ge gglrgkb uhslrmh bvbst ib`g{ v`do`cob/ ‟Msbù gb}{/ {~sbè

uhb }lse―khdoesbg h`vb glu cbbg etdgm { sb{rou lf uhb doo1 uhbt sb glu u

sd{a!’

Rgob{{ `ge rgudo {rkh {uret {rsf`kb{/ hl}bvbs/ uhb bvdebgkb D—vb ~sb){bgube hbsb/ uhlrmh dgedsbku/ d{ kriroùdvbot vbst {rc{u`gudò' [lib }doo {`t

‟Dgedsbku bvdebgkb d{g—u mlle bglrmh'’ It sb{~lg{b d{/ ‟[hl} ib uhb bvd)

ebgkb/ edsbku ls dgedsbku/ uhù uhb ^doo gbvbs k`r{b{ `clsudlg{'’ (Elg—u {hl}

ib bvdebgkb uhù du {libudib{ elb{g—u k`r{b `clsudlg{/ {dgkb uhù d{g—u uhb

prb{udlg'$

K`g }b odvb }duh lrs{bovb{ df }b ed{sbm`se uhd{ bvdebgkb `ge {`t ‟D

}lg—u {~bà lru `m`dg{u uhb ^doo rgudo D h`vb dgklguslvbsudcob ~sllf du k`r{b{

`clsudlg{ `ge olu{ lf uhbi’< Df uhbsb d{ elrcu/ {hlroeg—u }b mdvb uhb cbgbfdulf uhb elrcu ul khdoesbg<

‟Elb{ uhb cdsuh klguslo ~doo k`r{b `clsudlg{<’ D el glu }`gu ul cbodbvb

du/ cru D el cbodbvb uhb `g{}bs d{ ‟tb{'’ Cru bvbg df D }`{g—u {rsb D }lroe

h`vb ul {`t uhb bvdebgkb kli~bo{ ib ul l~~l{b uhb ^doo rgob{{ ebfdgdudvb

bvdebgkb d{ ~slerkbe ul dgedkùb du elb{ glu k`r{b clsudlg{'

‟Uhbg/ elb{ uhù ib`g }b {hlroe cbodbvb {libuhdgm }hbg uhbsb—{ gl

edsbku ~sllf lf du<’ Gl iùubs }hdkh ~l{dudlg }b uàb/ }b òsbèt cbodbvb

{libuhdgm uhbsb—{ gl edsbku ~sllf lf' D{ uhbsb edsbku ~sllf uhb ^doo k`r{b{

`clsudlg{< Gl' D{ uhbsb edsbku ~sllf uhb doo elb{g—u k`r{b clsudlg{< Gl' D{

uhbsb dgedsbku bvdebgkb uhb ^doo k`r{b{ `clsudlg{< Tb{/ ` olu lf du' D{ uhbsb

dgedsbku bvdebgkb du elb{g—u k`r{b `clsudlg{< D—i glu kbsu`dg uhbsb d{/ cru df

uhbsb d{ D cbodbvb du d{ ob{{ uh`g ~bs{r`{dvb'



86

Dg uhb f`kb lf uhb bvdebgkb/ lrs ~l{dudlg lg uhb doo lffbs{ msbù ub{u lf

lrs usrb klgvdkudlg{' El }b sbòot cbodbvb Mle ksbùb{ bvbst hri`g odfb ù

uhb ~ldgu lf klgkb~udlg/ {dx e`t{ cbflsb di~o`guùdlg cbmdg{< @ge }doo }b

bxbskd{b uhd{ klgvdkudlg bvbg ù uhb kl{u lf lrs ~bs{lgò klgvbgdbgkb<

^bsh`~{ }hù }b uhlrmhu }`{ ` klgvdkudlg }doo cb ~slvbg ul cb gl

ilsb uh`g ~sbfbsbgkb' I`tcb uhb usruh d{/ df }b k`g vlde clsudlg }duhlrudgklgvbgdbgkb ul lrs{bovb{ }b }doo el {l/ cru df du sbprdsb{ bxus` bfflsu lg

lrs ~`su/ }b }doo ml hbè ge sd{a uhb odvb{ lf lrs khdoesbg' (Dg f`ku/ uhbt sb

sbòot glu ‟lrs’ khdoesbg ul sd{a―uhbt `sb ksbùbe ct Mle `ge l}gbe ct

Mle/ ge bgusr{ube ul r{ ct hdi ul ~slubku ge grsursb'$

Uhbsb `sb {lib vbst ed{urscdgm prb{udlg{ }b gbbe ul `{a'

K`g Mle/ }hl ksbùb{ b`kh hri`g odfb u uhb ~ldgu lf klgkb~udlg/ froot

cob{{ uhb bfflsu{ lf ~slodfb lsm`gdzùdlg{/ vlorgubbs{ `ge {u`ff ibicbs{/ lf

{deb}òa klrg{bols{ ge ~`{uls{ ge elkuls{―`ge gt lf r{―}hbg }b ursgsdmhu slrge ge r{b/ ~sb{ksdcb ls sbkliibge ~slerku uhù {libudib{ uàb{

uhb odfb lf g rgclsg khdoe<

@sb }b klg{d{ubguot ~slodfb ls lgot {bobkudvbot ~slodfb< El }b l~~l{b

oùbs `clsudlg{ }hdob glu sbòot k`sdgm `clru uhb b`sodb{u lgb{< D{ uhb lgot

edffbsbgkb cbu}bbg r{ `ge uhl{b }b kòo ‟~sl`clsudlg’ uhù uhbt `sb }doodgm

ul bics`kb uhb adoodgm lf cdmmbs `ge loebs khdoesbg }hdob }b `sb }doodgm ul

bics`kb uhb adoodgm lgot lf {iòobs `ge tlrgmbs khdoesbg< @sb }b ilsò

sboùdvd{u{ ge msèròd{u{ edffbsbgu lgot dg ebmsbb cru glu dg adge }duh uhl{b}b kòo `clsudlgd{u{<

Cbk`r{b }b h`vb msl}g {l `kkr{ulibe ul uhb ^doo/ }doo }b ursg lrs

hbè{ }`t fsli uhb sd{a{ du ~l{b{ ul lrs khdoesbg< El }b e`sb ul ~o`t Mle

ct dgfsdgmdgm r~lg hd{ {lob ge {`ksbe ~sbslmùdvb{ lvbs hri`g odfb<

]b lfubg bgklrgubs ~sl`clsudlg ~bl~ob }hl ebgt uhb c`{dk ibedkò

`ge ilsò sbòdudb{ lf uhb d{{rb/ `ge {libudib{ }b {hàb lrs hbè{ dg }lg)

ebs ù uhb bxubgu lf uhbds ebgdò lf uhb lcvdlr{/ uhù `clsudlg adoo{ khdoesbg

`ge uhù du d{ uhbsbflsb ilsòot sb~rmg`gu' Bvbg i`gt }hl `sb luhbs}d{b~slodfb odvb dg ebgdò }hbg uhbt {`t/ ‟D l~~l{b `clsudlg/ bxkb~u dg k`{b{ lf

s`~b/ dgkb{u `ge ebflsidut'’ (Lf klrs{b/ `g rgclsg khdoe d{ ` khdoe1 sbm`se)

ob{{ lf hl} hb }`{ klgkbdvbe ge }hù hd{ h`gedk`~{ sb/ du d{ }slgm ul adoo

` khdoe'$

]hbg du klib{ ul {libuhdgm {l ebb~ot bgusbgkhbe dg lrs {lkdbut ge dg

uhb Khsd{ud`g kliirgdut `{ uhb ^doo/ bvbg uhb il{u ~slodfb ~bl~ob `sb froot

k`~`cob lf ebgdò' Olladgm c`ka/ D cbodbvb D }`{ dg ebgdò lg uhd{ d{{rb fsli

uhb udib D fds{u hb`se clru du dg 0440 ' ]ht edeg—u D edm ebb~bs< ]ht edeg—u

D sb{b`skh du ilsb k`sbfroot<

D k`g klib r~ }duh i`gt luhbs sb`{lg{ ul bx~o`dg du }`t/ cru ~bsh`~{

uhb cluuli odgb d{/ D jr{u edeg—u }`gu du ul cb usrb' Cru uhbsb `sb i`gt

uhdgm{ D elg—u }`gu ul cb usrb uhù {udoo sb' D elg—u }`gu ul cbodbvb uhbsb d{ g

bubsgò hboo1 ls uhù { Khsd{ud`g D }doo cb hboe kklrgu`cob fls it }lsa{ u



8=

uhb jremibgu {bù lf Khsd{u1 ls uhù idoodlg{ lf khdoesbg ml ul cbe hrgmst

b`kh gdmhu1 ls uhù clsudlg adoo{ khdoesbg1 ls uhù uhb doo k`r{b{ clsudlg{' D

elg—u }`gu ul cbodbvb gt lf uhb{b uhdgm{/ cru D cbodbvb b`kh lf uhbi glgbuhb)

ob{{ cbk`r{b uhb bvdebgkb ebilg{usùb{ uhbi ul cb usrb'

D{ uhbsb ` {r~bsgùrsò sb`{lg fls lrs dmgls`gkb `ge ebgdò lg uhd{

d{{rb< @{ irkh `{ D cbodbvb dg uhb {~dsdurò sbòi `ge uhb {~dsdurò cùuob/ Dì glu prdka ul ùusdcrub bvbst id{rgebs{u`gedgm ls ~slcobi dg uhb khrskh

ul ebilgdk dgforbgkb' Hl}bvbs/ klg{debs }hù Jb{r{ {`de: ‟uhb ebvdo…}`{

` irsebsbs fsli uhb cbmdggdgm/ glu hloedgm ul uhb usruh/ fls uhbsb d{ gl usruh

dg hdi' ]hbg hb odb{/ hb {~bà{ hd{ gùdvb o`gmr`mb/ fls hb d{ ` od`s `ge uhb

fùhbs lf odb{’ (Jlhg 8:55$'

]hbg [ù`g k`ssdb{ lru irsebs dg g lru}`seot ‟kdvdo’ {lkdbut/ dgbvd)

u`cot hb ir{u crst uhb irsebs dg hrmb ms`vb lf odb{ {l uhù gl lgb {bb{ uhb

kls~{b{' (@{ [uòdg ~ru du/ ‟Lgb ebùh d{ ` us`mbet1 ` idoodlg ebùh{ d{ `{uùd{udk'’$ ]hbg [ù`g klgvdgkb{ uhb khrskh lf uhb{b odb{ hb h`{ `khdbvbe

hd{ msbùb{u vdkulst―du—{ h`se ul di`mdgb ` ilsb hlssde dslgt ls ` ilsb

ksd~~odgm col} ul uhb khrskh uh`g uhù }b/ flool}bs{ lf Khsd{u/ }lroe iàb

khldkb{ uhù sb{rou dg uhb ebùh{ lf lrs l}g khdoesbg'

Uhb cdmmb{u uhsbù ul [ù`g—{ {rkkb{{ dg adoodgm uhb dgglkbgu d{ uhù

~bl~ob cbklib `}`sb lf uhb usruh/ uhbg `ku lg du' ]hbg D klg{debs it l}g

dmgls`gkb `ge o`ka lf iludvùdlg ul ~rs{rb `ge `ku lg uhb usruh uhù uhb ^doo

adoo{ khdoesbg/ D ì flskbe ul klgkoreb uhd{ i`t }boo cb ` {~dsdurò {uslgm)hloe uhù uhb bvdo lgb h`{ lg uhb khrskh' Rgudo }b klib ul msd~{ }duh/ sb~bgu

lf ge c{u`dg fsli uhb khbidkò clsudlg{ }b lrs{bovb{ sb h`vdgm/ D }lg)

ebs hl} bffbkudvb }b }doo cb `{ Khsd{u—{ sb~sb{bguùdvb{ dg mbgbsò/ `ge dg

~`sudkro`s dg lrs bfflsu{ ul ~sbvbgu `clsudlg{' (Olladgm c`ka/ }b h`vbg—u

cbbg vbst {rkkb{{fro dg lrs bfflsu{ ul krsu`do {rsmdkò clsudlg{‛~bsh`~{ uhd{

d{ lgb lf uhb sb`{lg{'$

I`gt {rsmdkò `clsudlg{ h`~~bg dg Khsd{ud`g khrskhb{/ f`s ilsb uh`g

il{u ~bl~ob sbòdzb' @kklsedgm ul uhb oùb{u Mruui`khbs Dg{udurub {uret/ gb`sot

lgb lru lf fdvb }libg mbuudgm {rsmdkò clsudlg{ ko`di{ ul cb clsg m`dg

Khsd{ud`g' @u ob`{u dg uhlr{`ge{ lf khrskhb{ ksl{{ uhb klrgust uhbsb d{ {lib

vldkb `m`dg{u {rsmdkò `clsudlg{' Cru khbidkò `clsudlg{ `sb mldgm òil{u

kli~obubot rgkhòobgmbe/ bvbg dg uhb il{u ~slodfb khrskhb{ `ge lsm`gdz`)

udlg{' Dslgdkòot/ du d{ khbidkò clsudlg{ uhù sb uhb kob`s edsbkudlg lf cls)

udlg dg @ibsdk` `ge `slrge uhb }lsoe'

Usbge{ dgedkùb uhù dg tb`s{ ul klib uhbsb }doo cb fb}bs {rsmdkò cls)

udlg{/ il{uot cbk`r{b lf uhb ~l~ro`sdut ge ‟b`{b’ lf khbidkò clsudlg{' Df

uhb khrskh hbs{bof d{ kliiduudgm khbidkò clsudlg{ { }`t lf odfb/ uhbg }b

`sb }lbfroot rg~sb~`sbe ul fdmhu uhb `clsudlg cùuob ù `gt obvbo/ `ge kbs)

u`dgot glu uhd{ lgb'



88

I`gt ~slodfb mslr~{ uhù h`vb bxkor{dvbot u`smbube {rsmdkò clsudlg{

}doo kbobcsùb { msbù vdkulsdb{ uhb f`ku uhù dg tb`s{ ul klib ilsb ge ilsb

`clsudlg kodgdk{ }doo {hru el}g ge uhbsb }doo cb fb}bs elkuls{ eldgm {rsmd)

kò `clsudlg{' Cru du }doo lgot cb ` usrb vdkulst df du ib`g{ ob{{ khdoesbg `sb

cbdgm adoobe'

Du `~~b`s{ uhd{ d{ glu }hù du }doo ib`g' Bvbst dgedkùdlg d{ uhù ilsb~ht{dkd`g{ }hl ede glu el {rsmdkò `clsudlg{ }doo ed{~bg{b khbidkò

`clsudf`kdbgu{ ul uhbds ~ùdbgu{' @ 0442 A`d{bs {rsvbt {hl}be uhù i`gt

elkuls{ }hl }lroe glu ~bsflsi {rsmdkò clsudlg{ }lroe ~sb{ksdcb uhb cls)

udlg ~doo/ SR)586'0;0

Kbobcsùdgm uhb ebid{b lf {rsmdkò clsudlg kodgdk{ }hdob khbidkò

`clsudlg{ uàb uhbds ~o`kb }lroe cb odab kbobcsùdgm uhb f`ku uhù ob{{

Jb}{ }bsb cbdgm adoobe dg uhb m`{ lvbg{ cbk`r{b il{u }bsb gl} cbdgm

adoobe ct obuhò dgjbkudlg{' Lrs ~ldgu {hlroe glu cb ibsbot ul l~~l{b `kbsu`dg ibuhle lf adoodgm c`cdb{/ cru ul l~~l{b uhb adoodgm lf c`cdb{ ct

`gt `ge òo ibuhle{'

Dslgdkòot/ uhb ilvb ul khbidkò `clsudf`kdbgu{ csdgm{ r{ froo kdskob/

{dgkb du d{ `kuròot ` sbursg ul uhb `gkdbgu }`t lf eldgm `clsudlg{' Dg udib{

}hbg {rsmdkò `clsudlg{ }bsb vbst s`sb/ kbsu`dg hbsc{/ khbidkò{ `ge ~ld)

{lg{ }bsb mdvbg ul }libg ct `clsudlgd{u{/ }hl }bsb lfubg `~luhbk`sdb{ ls

rgbuhdkò elkuls{ }duh agl}obemb lf }hù khbidkò{ dgerkbe id{k`ssd`mb{'

Uhù—{ }ht uhb `gkdbgu Hd~~lksùdk Lùh uàbg ct ~ht{dkd`g{ {uùbe/‟D }doo mdvb gl ebèot ibedkdgb ul gtlgb df {abe/ gls {rmmb{u {rkh klrg)

{bo/ `ge dg odab i`ggbs/ D }doo glu mdvb ul ` }li`g ` ~b{{`st ul ~slerkb `g

`clsudlg'’ @ ~b{{`st }`{ g lvò {ulgb dg{bsube dg uhb v`mdg`/ }hdkh klroe

cb r{be ul k`r{b g `clsudlg'

@{ uhb DRE d{ ~`sòobo ul uhb ‟~b{{`st’ (` ~ht{dkò ebvdkb$ ~slhdcdube

ct uhb Lùh/ {l uhb ^doo `ge luhbs khbidkò `clsudf`kdbgu{ `sb ~`sòobo ul uhb

‟ebèot ibedkdgb’ buhdkò ~ht{dkd`g{ }lroe glu ~sb{ksdcb'

Du }`{ dg uhb f`kb lf {rkh khbidkò `ge ebvdkb)k`r{be `clsudlg{

uhù Khsd{ud`g obèbs{ dg uhb fds{u fb} kbgursdb{ klg{d{ubguot ebglrgkbe

òo `clsudlg{' Fls dg{u`gkb/ dg `clru @E 3>>/ Idgrkdr{ Fbodx }slub dg

Lku`vdr{/ ‟Uhbsb `sb }libg }hl {}òol} esrm{ ul {udfob dg uhbds l}g

}lic uhb cbmdggdgm{ lf ` i`g ul cb―kliiduudgm dgf`gudkdeb cbflsb

uhbt bvbg mdvb cdsuh ul uhb dgf`gu'’ Dg uhb flrsuh kbgurst C`{do uhb Msbù

}slub/ ‟Uhl{b }hl mdvb clsudf`kdbgu{ fls uhb eb{usrkudlg lf ` khdoe klg)

kbdvbe dg uhb }lic `sb irsebsbs{ uhbi{bovb{/ òlgm }duh uhl{b sbkbdv)

dgm uhb ~ld{lg{'’ ([bb @~~bgedx K/ @clsudlg: ^bs{~bkudvb{ lf uhbB`sot Khrskh Obèbs{'$

Dg f`ku/ ` {uslgm k`{b k`g cb ièb fls rgebs{u`gedgm uhb Msbba }lse

us`g{oùbe ‟{lskbst’ dg Mòùd`g{ 2:3> `{ ` sbfbsbgkb ul èidgd{ubsdgm esrm{



84

ul kliidu `clsudlg{' Uhd{ }lse d{ ‟~h`siàbd`/’ fsli }hdkh }b mbu lrs

}lse ‟~h`si`kbrudkò{/’ ls esrm{' Uhb èidgd{ubsdgm lf esrm{ ge ~ludlg{

}`{ kliilg dg {lskbst/ ge hbgkb uhb }lse {libudib{ ulla lg uhù {bklge)

`st klggluùdlg' Cru du d{ o{l r{be dg uhb Msbba odubsùrsb lf uhb e`t }duh du{

lsdmdgò ~sdi`st ib`gdgm lf esrm{/ khbidkò{ ls ibedkùdlg{' Uhb il{u ~sbv`)

obgu {lkdò bxì~ob lf uhb bvdo r{b lf khbidkò{ }`{ èidgd{ubsdgm uhbi uldgerkb `clsudlg{' ^h`siàbd` }`{ r{be b`sot dg uhb {bklge kbgurst ct uhb

~ht{dkd`g [ls`gl{ lf B~hb{r{ dg hd{ clla Mtgbklolmt/ sbfbssdgm {~bkdfd)

kòot ul esrm{ }hdkh k`r{b clsudlg{'

Mòùd`g{ 2:3> od{u{ ~h`siàbd`/ us`g{oùbe ‟}dukhks`fu’ dg uhb

GDV / `{ lgb lf uhb ‟`ku{ lf uhb {dgfro gùrsb'’ Du ~sbkbeb{ du }duh od{udgm

{bxrò diilsòdut/ di~rsdut/ ebc`rkhbst `ge deloùst' @oo lf uhb{b sb)

oùb ul uhb {bxròot diilsò ~s`kudkb{ uhù obe ul i`gt rg}`gube khdo)

esbg `ge uhbsbflsb i`gt `clsudlg{/ mdvdgm frsuhbs ksbebgkb ul uhb debùhù ~h`siàbd` i`t dg f`ku sbfbs ul/ ls ù ob`{u dgkoreb/ r{dgm khbid)

kò{ ul adoo rgclsg khdoesbg'

Uhb {ìb }lse d{ r{be uhsbb udib{ dg Sbvboùdlg' Dg Sbvboùdlg 4:30 du

{`t{: ‟Gls ede uhbt sb~bgu lf uhbds irsebs{/ uhbds ~h`siàbr{/ uhbds {bxrò

diilsòdut ls uhbds uhbfu{'’ Dg 30:8 du {uùb{: ‟Cru uhb kl}`seot/ uhb rgcb)

odbvdgm/ uhb vdob/ uhb irsebsbs{/ uhb {bxròot diilsò/ uhb ~h`siàbr{/ uhb

deloùbs{ `ge òo od`s{―uhbds ~o`kb }doo cb dg uhb fdbst oàb lf crsgdgm {ro)

frs'’ Dg Sbvboùdlg 33:02 du {`t{/ ‟Lru{deb `sb uhb elm{/ uhb ~h`siàbr{/uhb {bxròot diilsò/ uhb irsebsbs{/ uhb deloùbs{ ge bvbstlgb }hl olvb{

`ge ~s`kudkb{ fò{bhlle'’

Bvbg df uhb{b [ksd~ursò ~`{{`mb{ el glu sbfbs ul khbidkò clsudlg{‛‛

}b k`gglu cb kbsu`dg lgb }`t ls uhb luhbs‛‛bvbstuhdgm bo{b }b agl} lf

[ksd~ursb ge khrskh hd{ulst uboo{ r{ }b {hlroe l~~l{b oo flsi{ lf clsudlg

}duh vdmls ge klg{d{ubgkt'

@{ uhb ebvdo olvbe uhb {`ksdfdkb lf khdoesbg dg uhb gkdbgu hbùhbg kro)

ursb{/ {l hb olvb{ uhb {`ksdfdkb lf khdoesbg dg lrs ilebsg kroursb' ]hbuhbskhdoesbg `sb {`ksdfdkbe ul ` hbùhbg mle kòobe Ilobkh ls ul uhb mle lf lrs

l}g klgvbgdbgkb/ hb elb{ glu k`sb' ([bb @~~bgedx F: Uhb [hbeedgm lf Dgglkbgu Colle'$ ]hbuhbs uhb{b khdoesbg `sb clsg ls rgclsg elb{ glu iù)

ubs ul uhb Irsebsbs fsli uhb cbmdggdgm/ fls b`kh lf uhbi d{ bpròot ksbùbe

dg uhb di`mb lf Mle/ `ge ct adoodgm uhbi hb klib{ `{ kol{b `{ hb k`g ul

{usdadgm lru u Mle hdi{bof' Dg adoodgm uhl{b ksbùbe dg hd{ di`mb/ [ù`g adoo{

Mle dg bffdmt'

Uhb bvdo lgb—{ vb{ube dgubsb{u{ dg lrs codgegb{{ lg uhd{ d{{rb k`gglu cb

lvbs{uùbe' Uhb flskb{ lf e`sagb{{ eb{~bsùbot el glu }`gu r{ ul {bb uhb{b

gb}ot)klgkbdvbe khdoesbg { uhbds Ksbùls {bb{ uhbi' Df }b sb ul klib lvbs

ul Mle—{ }`t lf uhdgadgm `clru uhbi/ du }doo lgot cb uhslrmh {b`skhdgm uhb

[ksd~ursb{/ ~s`tdgm/ bxìdgdgm uhb bvdebgkb ge l~bgot ge cloeot eesb{{)

dgm uhd{ d{{rb dg lrs khrskhb{ `ge Khsd{ud`g lsm`gdzùdlg{'



4>

Khsd{ud`g klr~ob{ }hl `sb r{dgm uhb ^doo/ d{g—u du udib ul {du el}g `ge

h`vb hb`su)ul)hb`su uòa< @{ iùubs lf klg{kdbgkb ge klgvdkudlg/ el tlr

cbodbvb tlr k`g ls {hlroe klgudgrb }duh uhb doo< D{ du udib ul klg{debs luhbs

òubsgùdvb{< Udib ul {b`skh uhb [ksd~ursb{ ulmbuhbs/ ~s`t ulmbuhbs/ olla ù

uhb f`ku{ ~sb{bgube hbsb/ ge {a Mle—{ mrde`gkb fls tlrs fìdot< Uhb khldkbd{ tlrs{ ul iàb―iàb du ~s`tbsfroot/ }duh ` Khsd{u)kbgubsbe kliiduibgu

ul ~ruudgm ~sdgkd~ob clvb klgvbgdbgkb'

^`{uls{/ klrg{bols{/ ~ht{dkd`g{/ grs{b{/ ~h`si`kd{u{ ge luhbs{: }hù

}doo tlr el }duh uhd{ dgflsiùdlg< Lrs khrskhb{/ lrs ~ùdbgu{/ lrs klrg{bobb{/

lrs fìdodb{ olla ul r{ fls obèbs{hd~' Obu—{ uàb lrs Mle)mdvbg slob {bsd)

lr{ot ge ~slvdeb uhù obèbs{hd~' @u uhb vbst ob`{u }b ir{u ~sb{bgu ~bl~ob

}duh cluh uhb {kdbgudfdk f`ku{ `ge uhb cdcodkò ~sdgkd~ob{/ {l uhbt k`g cb dg)

flsibe bglrmh ul iàb }d{b `ge mleot ebkd{dlg{' ]b e`sb glu cb {dobgu dg

uhb f`kb lf uhb odvb{ lf khdoesbg ksbùbe dg uhb di`mb lf Mle' ‟[~bà r~ fls

uhl{b }hl k`gglu {~bà r~ fls uhbi{bovb{1 ebfbge uhb sdmhu{ lf uhb ~lls ge

gbbet’ (^slvbsc{ ;0:8)4$' ([bb @~~bgedx H: Ebfbgedgm uhb ]bà `geHbo~ob{{$

D h`vb ebb~ bi~ùht fls it Khsd{ud`g csluhbs{ ge {d{ubs{ }hl sb Lc,

Mtg{ ge fìdot ~s`kududlgbs{' Fls i`gt tb`s{/ il{u lf uhbi h`vb sbkliibgebe

`ge ~sb{ksdcbe uhb doo ul uhbds ~ùdbgu{/ rg`}`sb lf du{ clsudf`kdbgu {~bku{'D agl} uhd{ dgflsiùdlg ~o`kb{ uhbi dg ` ubssdcot edffdkrou ~l{dudlg' D sbòdzb

du }lroe cb bxusbibot edffdkrou fls uhbi ul ~sb{bgu uhb bvdebgkb ul uhbds ~`)

udbgu{ ge bx~o`dg }ht uhbt k`g gl olgmbs el {l' D o{l agl} uhù Mle }doo

cob{{ uhl{b }hl iàb {rkh {`ksdfdkb{ fls }hù d{ sdmhu ge usrb/ glu lgot dg

uhd{ sbg` cru dg luhbs{'

D bgklrs`mb ~`{uls{ ul klrg{bo ge {u`ge cb{deb ibedkò ~slfb{{dlgò{

}hl f`kb id{rgebs{u`gedgm `ge sb{d{u`gkb fsli ~ùdbgu{ `ge ~rcodk' ]b

{hlroe eidsb/ kliibge ge bgklrs`mb uhbds ~sdgkd~obe kudlg{'D ò{l bgklrs`mb ~`{uls{ ul {~bà lru edsbkuot lg uhd{ d{{rb dg uhbds

khrskhb{' D }`{ ` ~`{uls fls flrsubbg tb`s{/ `ge D sbòdzb uhd{ }doo glu cb

b`{t' [lib ~bl~ob }doo cb gmst ge ebfbg{dvb―D agl}/ D—vb mluubg {lib lf

uhbds obuubs{' Cru luhbs{ }doo cb uh`gafro ge ~~sbkdùdvb/ ge }doo {bba Mle—{

f`kb ge mbgrdgbot ebò }duh uhd{ d{{rb' ]b l}b lrs ~bl~ob uhb usruh/ `ge uhb

l~~lsurgdut ul sb{~lge ul du' Dg `gt k`{b/ uhb d{{rb d{ glu }hbuhbs ~bl~ob}doo `~~o`re lrs ebkd{dlg ul èesb{{ uhd{ {rcjbku' Uhb d{{rb d{ }hbuhbs

uhb @redbgkb lf Lgb eb{dsb{ r{ ul el {l' Df hb elb{/ òo luhbs l~dgdlg{`sb dssbobv`gu'

Df tlr sb glu {ùd{fdbe }duh uhb bvdebgkb ~sb{bgube hbsb/ }doo tlr kli)

idu tlrs{bof ul fdge lru uhb usruh< Ml ul uhb [ksd~ursb{ fds{u/ uhbg ml ul uhb

ibedkò jlrsgò{ ge ubxuclla{' Kòo uhb doo i`grf`kursbs{' Lf klrs{b/ tlr

ir{u cb ~sb~`sbe fls uhb f`ku uhù uhbt h`vb cbbg us`dgbe ul ebò }duh



40

prb{udlg{ dg }`t ul idgdidzb ls bodidgùb klgkbsg{ clru clsudlg' Bvbg

uhbg/ df tlr ~bs{d{u dg tlrs prb{udlg{/ il{u lf uhbi }doo `kagl}obemb uhù

uhbds odubsùrsb d{ klssbku―uhb doo elb{ {libudib{ ~sbvbgu di~o`guùdlg lf

gb}ot)klgkbdvbe hri`g cbdgm' Uhbt }doo {udoo {`t uhù bvbg }hbg uhb co`{)

ulkt{u/ }hli tlr sbklmgdzb ul cb ` ~bs{lg ksbùbe dg Mle—{ di`mb/ d{ ~sb)

vbgube fsli di~o`gudgm ‟uhbsb d{ gl ~sbmg`gkt’ ge ‟uhb doo d{ glu g cls)udf`kdbgu'’ Tlr }doo agl} cbuubs'

Df `fubs dgvb{udmùdgm uhb d{{rb/ tlr {udoo `sb glu klgvdgkbe/ `{a tlrs)

{bof ‟Df uhd{ bvdebgkb elb{g—u klgvdgkb ib/ d{ uhbsb gt bvdebgkb uhù }lroe<’

D{ du ~l{{dcob―D {a uhd{ k`rudlr{ot ge glu ksdudkòot―uhù tlrs l}g vb{ube

dgubsb{u{ dg uhd{ d{{rb `sb codgedgm tlr ul uhb usruh< Dg luhbs }lse{/ df tlr

edeg—u h`vb {libuhdgm ul ol{b ct cbodbvdgm `ge `kudgm r~lg uhd{ bvdebgkb/

}lroe tlr {udoo sbjbku du< D{ uhb sbò ~slcobi o`ka lf bvdebgkb ls d{ du uhù tlr

`sb ebubsidgbe glu ul kh`gmb tlrs cbodbf{ ge ~s`kudkb eb{~dub uhb bvdebgkb<Du—{ ò}`t{ cbuubs ul odvb dg uhb odmhu uh`g uhb e`sagb{{/ bvbg df fls uhb

ilibgu uhb e`sagb{{ i`t cb kliflsudgm ul uhb btb' Roudiùbot/ f`kdgm uhb

usruh }doo {bu r{ fsbb' Ebgtdgm du }doo ~ru r{ dg clge`mb' Uhb bvdebgkb klg)

kbsgdgm uhb doo i`t ed{ursc r{―du kbsu`dgot ed{ursc{ ib―cru df }b sb{~lge

~s`tbsfroot ul }hù }b agl}/ }b k`g iàb dgflsibe khldkb{ ul ffdsi Khsd{u—{

Olse{hd~ lvbs lrs fìdodb{ lrs khrskhb{ ge r{' Mle }doo {rsbot cob{{ r{ fls

uhù'

Obu Mle—{ ]lse cb uhb fdgò lgb: ‟Uhd{ e`t D kòo hb`vbg `ge b`suh `{}dugb{{b{ m`dg{u tlr uhù D h`vb {bu cbflsb tlr odfb ge ebùh/ cob{{dgm{ ge

krs{b{' Gl} khll{b odfb/ {l uhù tlr `ge tlrs khdoesbg i`t odvb’

(Ebrubslglit ;>:04$'

Fbbo fsbb ul ~hlulkl~t uhd{ clla ge mdvb du ul tlrs fsdbge{/ fìdot/

khrskh ls `gtlgb bo{b' Tlr h`vb it froo ~bsid{{dlg ul el {l'

Tlr i`t fdge du ilsb klgvbgdbgu ge ob{{ bx~bg{dvb ul lsebs ~sdgube

kl~db{ lf uhd{ clla fsli Bubsgò ^bs{~bkudvb Idgd{usdb{' Klgu`ku r{ ù

2>;)66;)6580/ sòklsgNb~i'lsm/ ls 3334 B`{u Crsg{deb +3;/ Msb{hì/LS/ 4=>;>' (F`x: 2>;)66;)3343'$

Uhb clla—{ kl{u d{ %;'>> fls ` {dgmob kl~t/ %3'2> b`kh fls 3)4 kl~)

db{/ %3'32 b`kh fls 0>)44/ %3'>> b`kh fls 0>>)544/ `ge %0'=2 b`kh fls

2>> ls ilsb' (@ee 0>" {hd~~dgm/ 2" {hd~~dgm fls lsebs{ lf 0>> kl~db{

ls ilsb'$





4;

‟[rsbot D }`{ {dgfro ù cdsuh1 {dgfro fsli uhb udib it iluhbs klg)

kbdvbe ib'’ (^{òi 20:2$

Glub: Lgot ` ~bs{lg k`g h`vb ` {dg gùrsb' E`vde—{ {uùbibgu kob`sot

{hl}{ hb }`{ ` ~bs{lg ù uhb ~ldgu lf klgkb~udlg'

‟Cbflsb D flsibe tlr dg uhb }lic D agb} tlr/ cbflsb tlr }bsb

clsg D {bu tlr ~`su1 D ~~ldgube tlr `{ ~sl~hbu ul uhb gùdlg{'’ (Jbsbid`h 0:2$‟Hd{ iluhbs I`st… `{ flrge ul cb }duh khdoe uhslrmh uhb Hlot

[~dsdu…Quhb gmbo {`deY ‘}hù d{ klgkbdvbe dg hbs d{ fsli uhb Hlot [~dsdu '—’

(Iùuhb} 0:08)3>$

‟Cru uhb gmbo {`de ul I`st ‘tlr }doo cb }duh khdoe `ge mdvb cdsuh ul

{lg/ `ge tlr `sb ul mdvb hdi uhb gìb Jb{r{…Uhb Hlot [~dsdu }doo klib

r~lg tlr/ ge uhb ~l}bs lf uhb Il{u Hdmh }doo lvbs{hèl} tlr' [l uhb hlot

lgb ul cb clsg }doo cb kòobe uhb [lg lf Mle'—’ (Orab 0:;>);0/ ;2$[rii`st lf Orab 0:;4)55: @fubs uhb `gmbo obfu/ I`st ‟hrssdbe’ (v'

;4$ ul mbu ul Bodz`cbuh' Rgclsg Jlhg uhb C`~ud{u (dg hd{ 6uh ilguh `fubs

klgkb~udlg$ sb{~lgebe ul uhb ~sb{bgkb lf rgclsg Jb{r{ dg{deb I`st' @o)

ol}dgm fls us`vbo udib/ Jb{r{ }`{ gl ilsb uh`g bdmhu ul ubg e`t{ cbtlge

klgkb~udlg }hbg uhbt `ssdvbe' Di~o`guùdlg elb{g—u cbmdg rgudo {dx e`t{

`fubs klgkb~udlg `ge d{g—u kli~obub rgudo u}bovb― il{u odabot Jb{r{ }`{

glu tbu froot di~o`gube dg hd{ iluhbs—{ }lic }hbg rgclsg Jlhg sb)

{~lgebe ul hd{ ~sb{bgkb'‟Uhb ]lse cbkìb fob{h ge ièb hd{ e}boodgm ìlgm r{' ]b h`vb

{bbg hd{ molst/ uhb molst lf uhb Lgb `ge Lgot/ }hl kìb fsli uhb Fùhbs/

froo lf ms`kb ge usruh'’ (Jlhg 0:05$

]hbg ede uhb ]lse (Khsd{u$ cbklib fob{h< ]hbg ede hb ob`vb

hb`vbg `ge klib ul b`suh< ]`{ uhbsb mbgbsdk {lro)ob{{ fob{h klgkbdvbe

dg I`st }`dudgm fls Khsd{u ul dgh`cdu du oùbs dg uhb ~sbmg`gkt< Gl―du d{

c`{dk Khsd{ud`g elkusdgb uhù Khsd{u cbkìb fob{h ù uhb ilibgu uhb

Hlot [~dsdu lvbs{hèl}be I`st/ ù uhb ilibgu lf fbsudodzùdlg' Hb

cbkìb hri`g ù uhb bx`ku ~ldgu òo luhbs{ cbklib hri`g/ uhb ~ldgu lf

klgkb~udlg' Uhb ‟co`{ulkt{u’ d{ `g bubsgò hri`g {lro/ odubsòot ‟uhb

ob`{u lf uhb{b Qvrogbs`cob ~bl~obY/’ Khsd{u—{ csbuhsbg (Iùuhb} 32:5>$'

Es' @ofsbe I' Clgmdl`ggd/ ~slfb{{ls lf lc{ubusdk{/ Rgdvbs{dut lf bgg)

{tov`gd`:

‟D h`vb ob`sgbe fsli it b`sodb{u ibedkò berkùdlg uhù hri`g

odfb cbmdg{ u uhb udib lf klgkb~udlg' D {rcidu uhù hri`g odfb d{ ~sb{bgu



45

uhslrmhlru uhd{ bgudsb {bprbgkb fsli klgkb~udlg ul erouhlle ge gt dgubssr~)

udlg u gt ~ldgu uhslrmhlru uhd{ udib klg{udurub{ ubsidgùdlg lf hri`g odfb'’

Es' Jbslib ObJbrgb/ mbgbudk{ ~slfb{{ls u uhb Rgdvbs{dut lf Eb{k`sub{

dg ^`sd{ (ed{klvbsbs lf uhb El}g [tgeslib khslil{lib$:

‟@fubs fbsudodzùdlg h`{ uàbg ~o`kb ` gb} hri`g cbdgm h`{ klib dgul

cbdgm…Uhd{ d{ gl olgmbs ` iùubs lf u`{ub ls l~dgdlg' B`kh dgedvderò h`{` vbst gbù cbmdggdgm/ ù klgkb~udlg'’

^slfb{{ls Idkhbodgb Iùuhb}{)Sluh/ H`sv`se Rgdvbs{dut Ibedkò

[khllo:

‟Du d{ {kdbgudfdkòot klssbku ul {`t uhù `g dgedvderò hri`g odfb cb)mdg{ ù klgkb~udlg'’

^slfb{{ls Htidb Mlselg/ I`tl Kodgdk:

‟Ct oo uhb ksdubsd` lf ilebsg ilobkro`s cdlolmt/ odfb d{ ~sb{bgu fsli

uhb ilibgu lf klgkb~udlg'’ Es' ]ù{lg @' Cl}b{/ Rgdvbs{dut lf Klolsèl Ibedkò [khllo:

‟Uhb cbmdggdgm lf ` {dgmob hri`g odfb d{ fsli ` cdlolmdkò ~ldgu lf

vdb} ` {di~ob `ge {us`dmhufls}`se iùubs―uhb cbmdggdgm d{ klgkb~udlg'’

Es' O`gesri [hbuuob{/ ~dlgbbs dg {~bsi cdlolmt/ fbsudodut `ge {ubsdo)

dut/ ed{klvbsbs lf iòb) `ge fbiòb)~slerkdgm {~bsi:

‟D l~~l{b clsudlg' D el {l/ fds{u/ cbk`r{b D kkb~u }hù d{ cdlolmd)

kòot i`gdfb{u―uhù hri`g odfb kliibgkb{ u uhb udib lf klgkb~udlg―

`ge/ {bklge/ cbk`r{b D cbodbvb du d{ }slgm ul uàb dgglkbgu hri`g odfb rgebs`gt kdskri{u`gkb{'’

‟El glu irsebs ` khdoe ct `clsudlg ls adoo ` gb})clsg dgf`gu'’ (Uhb

Ede`khb 3'3$‟Uhb ]`t lf Ebùh d{ fdoobe }duh ~bl~ob }hl `sb…irsebsbs{ lf khdo)

esbg `ge `clsudlgd{u{ lf Mle—{ ksbùrsb{'’ (Uhb Ede`khb 2:0)3$

Glub: Uhb Ede`khb }`{ ` {bklge kbgurst (@E 03>$ kùbkhd{i fls

tlrgm Khsd{ud`g klgvbsu{' Uhb dgkor{dlg lf uhb{b {uùbibgu{ {hl}{ uhù

dg{usrkudlg glu ul kliidu clsudlg }`{ c`{dk `ge b{{bgudò Khsd{ud`g ub`kh)

dgm/ glu ` fsdgmb ls {bklge`st d{{rb'

‟Tlr {hòo olvb tlrs gbdmhcls ilsb uh`g tlrs l}g odfb' Tlr {hòo glu

{o`t ` khdoe ct `clsudlg' Tlr {hòo glu adoo uhù }hdkh h`{ òsbèt cbbg

mbgbsùbe'’ ( B~d{uob lf C`sg`c`{ 04'21 032 @E$

‟]b {`t uhù }libg }hl dgerkb `clsudlg{ `sb irsebsbs{/ `ge }doo

h`vb ul mdvb kklrgu lf du ul Mle' Fls uhb {ìb ~bs{lg }lroe glu sbm`se uhb



42

khdoe dg uhb }lic `{ ` odvdgm cbdgm `ge uhbsbflsb `g lcjbku lf Mle—{ k`sb

`ge uhbg adoo du…Cru }b `sb òulmbuhbs klg{d{ubgu dg lrs klgerku' ]b lcbt

sb`{lg ge el glu lvbssdeb du'’ (@uhbg`mls`{/ Obmùdl ;2/ @E 062$

‟Uhb fbur{ dg uhb }lic d{ ` odvdgm cbdgm `ge uhbsbflsb uhb lcjbku lf

Mle—{ k`sb'’ (@uhbg`mls`{/ @ ôb` fls uhb Khsd{ud`g{/ ;2'61 @E 0==$

‟Du elb{ glu iùubs }hbuhbs tlr uàb `}`t ` odfb uhù d{ clsg/ ls eb){uslt lgb uhù d{ klidgm ul uhb cdsuh' Dg cluh dg{u`gkb{/ uhb eb{usrkudlg d{

irsebs'’ (Ubsurood`g/ @~lolmt/ 4'5)61 {bklge kbgurst$

‟Lrs }hlob odfb k`g ml lg dg lc{bsvùdlg lf uhb o`}{ lf gùrsb/ df }b

m`dg elidgdlg lvbs lrs eb{dsb{ fsli uhb cbmdggdgm ge df }b el glu adoo/ ct

v`sdlr{ ib`g{ lf ~bsvbs{b su/ uhb hri`g lff{~sdgm/ clsg kklsedgm ul uhb

eb{dmg{ lf edvdgb ~slvdebgkb1 fls uhb{b }libg }hl/ dg lsebs ul hdeb uhbds

diilsòdut/ r{b clsudvb esrm{ }hdkh bx~bo uhb khdoe kli~obubot ebè/ `clsu

ù uhb {ìb udib uhbds l}g hri`g fbbodgm{'’ (Kobibgu lf @obx`gesd`/^`be`mlmr{ 3/ @E 0=2$

‟Sb~rube cbodbvbs{ cbm`g ul sb{lsu ul esrm{ fls ~slerkdgm {ubsdodut ge

ul mdse uhbi{bovb{ slrge/ {l `{ ul bx~bo }hù }`{ klgkbdvbe lg `kklrgu lf

uhbds glu }`gudgm ul h`vb khdoe bduhbs ct {o`vb lf ct gt ~òust fbool}/ fls

uhb {àb lf uhbds fìdot `ge bxkb{{dvb }bòuh' Cbhloe/ dgul hl} msbù di~d)

but uhù o`}ob{{ lgb h`{ ~slkbbebe ct dgkrokùdgm eroubst `ge irsebs u uhb

{ìb udib'’ (Hd~~lotur{/ Sbfruùdlg lf òo Hbsb{db{ 4:=/ @E 3>>$

‟Uhb }bòuht/ dg lsebs uhù uhbds dghbsdu`gkb i`t glu cb edvdebe ilgm{bvbsò/ ebgt dg uhb vbst }lic uhbds l}g ~slmbgt' Ct r{b lf ~`ssdkdeò

idxursb{ uhbt {grff lru uhb fsrdu lf uhbds }lic{ dg uhb mbgduò lsm`g{ uhbi)

{bovb{' Dg uhd{ }`t odfb d{ uàbg `}`t cbflsb du d{ clsg…]hl bxkb~u i`g

hdi{bof h`{ u`rmhu r{ }`t{ lf sb~redùdgm khdoesbg<’ (@icsl{b lf Ido`g/

Hbxìbslg/ k' @E ;2>$

‟Uhl{b }hl mdvb clsudf`kdbgu{ fls uhb eb{usrkudlg lf khdoe klgkbdvbe

dg uhb }lic `sb irsebsbs{ uhbi{bovb{/ òlgm }duh uhl{b sbkbdvdgm uhb ~ld)

{lg{'’ (C`{do uhb Msbù/ K`glg{/ 088'31 flrsuh kbgurst$‟Uhlr {hòu glu {o`t uht khdoe ct k`r{dgm clsudlg/ gls adoo uhù }hdkh

d{ cbmluubg' Fls bvbstuhdgm uhù d{ {h`~be/ ge h`{ sbkbdvbe {lro fsli Mle/

df {o`dg/ du {hòo cb `vbgmbe/ `{ cbdgm rgjr{uot eb{usltbe'’ (Uhb @~l{ulodk

Klg{udurudlg{ =;1 @E ;8>$

‟]ht {l} }hbsb uhb mslrge iàb{ du du{ k`sb ul eb{uslt uhb fsrdu<

]hbsb uhbsb `sb i`gt bfflsu{ ù `clsudlg< ]hbsb uhbsb d{ irsebs cbflsb

cdsuh< Fls tlr el glu bvbg obu uhb h`solu sbi`dg ibsb h`solu/ cru iàb hbs

` irsebsbs ò{l' Tlr {bb hl} esrgabggb{{ obè{ ul }hlsbeli/ }hlsbeli

ul eroubst/ eroubst ul irsebs1 ls sùhbs {libuhdgm bvbg }ls{b uh`g irsebs'

Fls D h`vb gl sbò gìb ul mdvb du/ {dgkb du elb{ glu eb{uslt uhb uhdgm clsg cru

~sbvbgu{ du{ cbdgm clsg' ]ht uhbg el tlr `cr{b uhb mdfu lf Mle `ge fdmhu

}duh Hd{ o`}{/ ge flool} fubs }hù d{ krs{b { df cob{{dgm/ ge iàb uhb

~o`kb lf ~slksbùdlg ` khìcbs fls irsebs/ `ge `si uhb }li`g uhù }`{



46

mdvbg fls khdoecb`sdgm rgul {o`rmhubs<’ (Jlhg Khst{l{uli/ Hlidot 35 lg

Sli`g{/ k' @E ;=2$

Jbslib kòobe `clsudlg ‟uhb irsebs lf `g rgclsg khdoe’ ( Obuubs ul

Br{ulkhdri/ 33'0;1 flrsuh kbgurst$' @rmr{udgb r{be uhb {ìb ~hs`{b/ }`sg)

dgm `m`dg{u uhb ubssdcob ksdib lf ‟uhb irsebs lf `g rgclsg khdoe’ (Lg I`s)

sd`mb/ 0'0='02/ flrsuh kbgurst$'‟Uhb fbur{/ uhlrmh bgkol{be dg uhb }lic lf du{ iluhbs/ d{ òsbèt

` hri`g cbdgm `ge du d{ ` il{u ilg{uslr{ ksdib ul slc du lf uhb odfb

}hdkh du h`{ glu tbu cbmrg ul bgjlt' Df du {bbi{ ilsb hlssdcob ul adoo `

i`g dg hd{ l}g hlr{b uh`g dg ` fdboe/ cbk`r{b ` i`g—{ hlr{b d{ hd{ ~o`kb

lf il{u {bkrsb sbfrmb/ du lrmhu {rsbot ul cb ebbibe ilsb ùslkdlr{ ul

eb{uslt ` fbur{ dg uhb }lic cbflsb du h`{ klib ul odmhu'’ (Jlhg Kòvdg/

{dxubbguh kbgurst sbflsibs$

‟[l Mle ksbùbe i`g dg hd{ l}g di`mb/ dg uhb di`mb lf Mle hb ksb)

ùbe hdi1 iòb `ge fbiòb hb ksbùbe uhbi'’ (Mbgb{d{ 0:3=$

Agl} uhù uhb Olse Hdi{bof d{ Mle: du d{ Hb }hl h`{ ièb r{/ `geglu }b lrs{bovb{1 }b `sb Hd{ ~bl~ob `ge uhb {hbb~ lf Hd{ ~`{ursb'’ (^{òi

0>>:;/ G@[V$

‟Fls bvbst odvdgm {lro cbolgm{ ul ib/ uhb fùhbs `{ }boo `{ uhb {lg'’

(Bzbadbo 08:5$

‟Tbu/ L OLSE/ tlr sb lrs Fùhbs' ]b sb uhb ko`t/ tlr `sb uhb ~luubs1

}b `sb òo uhb }lsa lf tlrs h`ge'’ (D{`d`h 65:8$

‟El tlr glu agl} uhù tlrs clet d{ ubi~ob lf uhb Hlot [~dsdu/ }hl d{

dg tlr/ }hli tlr h`vb sbkbdvbe fsli Mle< Tlr `sb glu tlrs l}g1 tlr}bsb clrmhu ù ` ~sdkb' Uhbsbflsb hlgls Mle }duh tlrs clet'’ (0 Klsdg)

uhd`g{ 6:04)3>$

‟[bb gl} uhù D it{bof ì Hb! Uhbsb d{ gl mle cb{deb{ ib' D ~ru ul

ebùh `ge D csdgm ul odfb/ D h`vb }lrgebe `ge D }doo hbò/ `ge gl lgb k`gebodvbs lru lf it h`ge'’ (Ebrubslglit ;3:;4$

‟Uhb OLSE csdgm{ ebùh ge iàb{ odvb1 hb csdgm{ el}g ul uhb ms`vb

`ge s`d{b{ r~'’ (0 [ìrbo 3:6$

‟Tlr {hòo glu kliidu irsebs'’ (Bxler{ 3>:0;$



4=

Glub: Bxkb~u }hbg hb {~bkdfdkòot ebobmùb{ uhù sdmhu ul ibg (b'm'

k`~duò ~rgd{hibgu/ {bof ebfbg{b/ jr{u }`s$/ Mle olgb h`{ uhb sdmhu ul uàb

hri`g odfb'

‟@ge fls tlrs odfbcolle D }doo {rsbot ebi`ge `g `kklrgudgm…@ge

fsli b`kh i`g/ ull/ D }doo ebi`ge g kklrgudgm fls uhb odfb lf hd{ fbool}

i`g'’ (Mbgb{d{ 4:2$‟Df ibg }hl `sb fdmhudgm hdu ` ~sbmg`gu }li`g `ge {hb mdvb{ cdsuh

~sbiùrsbot cru uhbsb d{ gl {bsdlr{ dgjrst/ uhb lffbgebs ir{u cb fdgbe }hù)

bvbs uhb }li`g—{ hr{c`ge ebi`ge{ `ge uhb klrsu òol}{' Cru df uhbsb d{

{bsdlr{ dgjrst/ tlr `sb ul uàb odfb fls odfb/ btb fls btb/ ulluh fls ulluh/ h`ge

fls h`ge/ fllu fls fllu/ crsg fls crsg/ }lrge fls }lrge/ csrd{b fls csrd{b'’

(Bxler{ 30:33)32$

‟Gluhdgm dg oo ksbùdlg d{ hdeebg fsli Mle—{ {dmhu' Bvbstuhdgm d{ rg)

klvbsbe `ge o`de c`sb cbflsb uhb btb{ lf hdi ul }hli }b ir{u mdvb `k)klrgu'’ (Hbcsb}{ 5:0;$

‟El glu mdvb `gt lf tlrs khdoesbg ul cb {`ksdfdkbe ul Ilobkh/ fls

tlr ir{u glu ~slf`gb uhb gìb lf tlrs Mle' D ì uhb OLSE'’ (Obvdudkr{

08:30$

‟Uhb OLSE {`de…‘@gt D{s`bodub ls `gt òdbg odvdgm dg D{s`bo }hlmdvb{ gt lf hd{ khdoesbg ul Ilobkh ir{u cb ~ru ul ebùh' Uhb ~bl~ob lf uhb

kliirgdut `sb ul {ulgb hdi…ct mdvdgm hd{ khdoesbg ul Ilobkh/ hb h`{ebfdobe it {`gkur`st ge ~slf`gbe it hlot gìb…Df uhb ~bl~ob lf uhb

kliirgdut kol{b uhbds btb{ }hbg uhù i`g mdvb{ lgb lf hd{ khdoesbg ul

Ilobkh…D }doo {bu it f`kb `m`dg{u uhù i`g `ge hd{ fìdot `ge }doo kru lff

fsli uhbds ~bl~ob cluh hdi ge oo }hl flool} hdi ' ' '—’ (Obvdudkr{ 3>:0)2$

‟El uhd{ {l uhù dgglkbgu colle }doo glu cb {hbe dg tlrs o`ge/ }hdkh

uhb OLSE tlrs Mle d{ mdvdgm tlr `{ tlrs dghbsdu`gkb/ ge {l uhù tlr }dooglu cb mrdout lf colle{hbe'’ (Ebrubslglit 04:0>$

‟Uhb OLSE {bgu C`ctolgd`g/ @sìb`g/ Il`cdub ge @iilgdub s`de)

bs{ m`dg{u hdi' Hb {bgu uhbi ul eb{uslt Jre`h/ dg kklse`gkb }duh uhb }lse

lf uhb OLSE ~slko`dibe ct hd{ {bsv`gu{ uhb ~sl~hbu{' [rsbot uhb{b uhdgm{

h`~~bgbe ul Jre`h `kklsedgm ul uhb Olse—{ klii`ge/ dg lsebs ul sbilvb

uhbi fsli hd{ ~sb{bgkb cbk`r{b lf uhb {dg{ lf I`g`{{bh `ge òo hb hè

elgb/ dgkoredgm uhb {hbeedgm lf dgglkbgu colle' Fls hb fdoobe Jbsr{òbi

}duh dgglkbgu colle/ `ge uhb OLSE }`{ glu }doodgm ul flsmdvb'’ (3 Adgm{

35:3)5$

‟Uhb OLSE {`de/ ‘]hù h`vb tlr elgb< Od{ubg! Tlrs csluhbs—{ colleksdb{ lru ul ib fsli uhb mslrge'—’ (Mbgb{d{ 5:0>$

‟Fls Mle }doo ebodvbs uhb gbbet }hl kst lru/ uhb ffodkube }hl h`vb gl

lgb ul hbo~' Hb }doo uàb ~dut lg uhb }bà ge uhb gbbet ge {`vb uhb gbbet



48

fsli ebùh' Hb }doo sb{krb uhbi fsli l~~sb{{dlg `ge vdlobgkb/ fls ~sbkdlr{

d{ uhbds colle dg hd{ {dmhu'’ (^{òi =3:03)05$

‟Uhbsb `sb {dx uhdgm{ uhb OLSE hùb{/ {bvbg uhù `sb ebub{u`cob ul

hdi: h`rmhut btb{/ ` otdgm ulgmrb/ h`ge{ uhù {hbe dgglkbgu colle…’

(^slvbsc{ 6:06)04$

‟Uhbsbflsb `{ {rsbot `{ D odvb/ ebko`sb{ uhb [lvbsbdmg OLSE/ D }doomdvb tlr lvbs ul colle{hbe ge du }doo ~rs{rb tlr' [dgkb tlr ede glu hùb

colle{hbe/ colle{hbe }doo ~rs{rb tlr'’ (Bzbadbo ;2:6$

‟[bb uhù tlr el glu olla el}g lg lgb lf uhb{b oduuob lgb{' Fls D uboo

tlr uhù uhbds gmbo{ dg hb`vbg o}`t{ {bb uhb f`kb lf it Fùhbs dg hb`vbg'’

(Iùuhb} 08:0>$

‟Cru Jb{r{ kòobe uhb khdoesbg ul hdi `ge {`de/ ‟Obu uhb oduuob khdoesbg

klib ul ib/ ge el glu hdgebs uhbi/ fls uhb adgmeli lf Mle cbolgm{ ul {rkh

`{ uhb{b'’ (Orab 08:06$

‟Tlrs Fùhbs dg hb`vbg d{ glu }doodgm uhù gt lf uhb{b oduuob lgb{ {hlroe

cb ol{u'’ (Iùuhb} 08:05$

‟[lg{ `sb ` hbsdu`mb fsli uhb OLSE/ khdoesbg ` sb}`se fsli hdi'’

(^{òi 03=:;)5$

‟Ebfbge uhb k`r{b lf uhb }bà `ge fùhbsob{{1 i`dgu`dg uhb sdmhu{ lf uhb

~lls ge l~~sb{{be' Sb{krb uhb }bà ge gbbet1 ebodvbs uhbi fsli uhb

h`ge lf uhb }dkabe'’ (^{òi 83:;)5$

‟Sb{krb uhl{b cbdgm obe `}`t ul ebùh1 hloe c`ka uhl{b {u`mmbsdgm

ul}`se {o`rmhubs' Df tlr {`t/ ‘Cru }b agb} gluhdgm `clru uhd{/— elb{ glu

hb }hl }bdmh{ uhb hb`su ~bskbdvb du< Elb{ glu hb }hl mr`se{ tlrs odfb

agl} du< ]doo hb glu sb~`t b`kh ~bs{lg `kklsedgm ul }hù hb h`{ elgb<’

(^slvbsc{ 35:00)03$

‟[~bà r~ fls uhl{b }hl k`gglu {~bà fls uhbi{bovb{/ fls uhb sdmhu{lf òo }hl `sb eb{udurub' [~bà r~ `ge jremb f`dsot1 ebfbge uhb sdmhu{ lf uhb ~lls `ge gbbet'’ (^slvbsc{ ;0:8)4$

‟@gtlgb/ uhbg/ }hl agl}{ uhb mlle hb lrmhu ul el `ge elb{g—u el du/

{dg{'’ (Jìb{ 5:0=$





0>>

{adg' Du lfubg {r~~sb{{b{ lvroùdlg/ cru {libudib{ lvroùdlg lkkrs{/ ge }hbg

du elb{ `g dssduùdlg ul uhb rubsdgb }òo i`t lfubg ~sbvbgu di~o`guùdlg'

Uhb Bibsmbgkt Klgus`kb~udvb ^doo (BK^$ ò{l agl}g `{ uhb ‟Ilsg)

dgm)@fubs ^doo/’ k`g {r~~sb{{ lvroùdlg/ cru du{ i`dg frgkudlg d{ ul abb~ `gt

fbsudodzbe bmm fsli di~o`gudgm dg uhb rubsr{'

@oo lf uhb{b cdsuh klguslo ibuhle{ bduhbs {libudib{ ls lfubg òubs uhbiluhbs—{ }lic dg ` }`t uhù k`r{b{ du ul sbjbku uhb hri`g odfb }hdkh Mle

eb{dmgbe du ul glrsd{h ge {r{u`dg'

Khsd{ud`g{ ~sl~bsot sbjbku uhb{b ibuhle{ cbk`r{b uhbt agl} uhù hr)

i`g odfb cbmdg{ ù klgkb~udlg/ {dx e`t{ cbflsb di~o`guùdlg cbmdg{' Uhbsb)

flsb/ `gtuhdgm uhù dgubsfbsb{ }duh di~o`guùdlg adoo{ ` ~bs{lg ksbùbe dg uhb

di`mb lf Mle'

Uhb{b cdsuh klguslo ibuhle{ `sb lfubg sbfbssbe ul `{ ‟klgus`kb~udvb{/’

cru uhbt sb glu bxkor{dvbot klgus`kb~udvb{' Uhù d{/ uhbt el glu o}`t{ ~sb)vbgu klgkb~udlg' Bduhbs {libudib{ ls lfubg uhbt sb{rou dg uhb ebùh lf ò)

sbèt)klgkbdvbe hri`g cbdgm{'

^slmb{udg)lgot ~doo{/ }hdkh h`vb gl b{uslmbg/ `sb lfubg kòobe ‟Idgd)

~doo{'’ I`gt ~bl~ob klgfr{b Idgd)~doo{ }duh uhb f`s ilsb ~l~ro`s klicdg`)

udlg b{uslmbg)~slmb{udg ~doo{/ }hdkh `sb uhb usrb ‟Cdsuh Klguslo ^doo'’

Esrm F`ku{ & Kli~`sd{lg{ d{ ` {u`ge`se sbfbsbgkb clla fls ~ht{d)

kd`g{' Du {`t{ uhd{ rgebs ‟Lsò Klgus`kb~udvb{’:

Lsò klgus`kb~udvb{ (LK{$ dgkoreb b{uslmbg)~slmb{udg klicl{ `ge

~slmb{udg)lgot ~slerku{' ^slmb{udg)lgot Q~doo{Y…òubs uhb kbsvdkò irkr{/

bxbsu ` ~slmb{uùdlgò bffbku lg uhb bgelibusdri/ `~~`sbguot ~slerkdgm

kbooro`s kh`gmb{ uhù sbgebs uhb bgelibusdri hl{udob ul di~o`guùdlg ct `

fbsudodzbe lvri (bmm$ `ge/ dg {lib ~ùdbgu{/ {r~~sb{{ lvroùdlg'0;5

Glub uhù ~slmb{udg)lgot ~doo{ h`vb `{ ` ~sdi`st bffbku ul iàb uhb

rubsdgb odgdgm/ uhb bgelibusdri/ ‟hl{udob ul di~o`guùdlg ct ` fbsudodzbelvri'’ Dg luhbs }lse{/ uhbt k`r{b g clsudlg lf hri`g cbdgm slrmhot

}bba fubs hd{ ls hbs klgkb~udlg'

D h`vb cbbg uloe uhù i`gt r{bs{ lf uhb Idgd)~doo uhdga uhbds lvroùdlg{

`sb cbdgm {r~~sb{{be' Dg f`ku/ {lib gb} iluhbs{ h`vb mlgb lg uhb Idgd)~doo

dg lsebs ul ~sbvbgu ~sbmg`gkt }hdob csb`{u)fbbedgm' Hl}bvbs/ dg hd{ clla



0>0

Mtgbklolmt: ^sdgkd~ob{ & ^s`kudkb{/ S']' Ad{ugbs {`t{/ ‟Kbsu`dgot uhb

i`jlsdut lf }libg r{dgm uhb ~slmb{udg)lgot ~doo klgudgrb ul lvroùb'’0;2

Dg hd{ clla Hlsilgò Klgus`kb~udlg: ^doo{/ Dgjbkudlg{ & Di~o`gu{/

Es' Jl{b~h ]' Mloezdbhbs/ {uùb{/ ‟Bgelibusdò sb{d{u`gkb ul di~o`gu`)udlg d{ g di~lsu`gu ibkh`gd{i lf uhb idgd~doo'’0;6

@ 0480 [b`sob ob`fobu/ ~`ka`mbe }duh uhbds ~slmb{udg)lgot ~doo/ {`t{uhù ~slerku ‟iàb{ uhb }lic ob{{ sbkb~udvb ul `gt fbsudodzbe bmm uhù

sb`khb{ du'’ 0;=

Uhb ^ht{dkd`g—{ Eb{a Sbfbsbgkb eb{ksdcb{ ‟^slmb{ulmbg)Lgot Lsò

Klgus`kb~udvb{’ ct {`tdgm uhbt ‟`sb agl}g ul òubs uhb kbsvdkò irkr{ `ge

bxbsu ~slmb{uùdlgò bffbku lg uhb bgelibusdri/ dgubsfbsdgm }duh di~o`g)

uùdlg'’0;8

Kob`sot uhb ~slmb{udg)lgot ~doo/ ct du{ bffbku{ lg uhb bgelibusdri/ k`r{b{

`clsudlg{ `ge ir{u cb èebe ul uhb od{u lf `clsudvb cdsuh klguslo ibuhle{'Odab òo uhb `flsbibgudlgbe ~slerku{/ uhb kh`gmb{ uhb Idgd)~doo ksbùb{ dg

uhb iluhbs—{ bgelibusdri iàb uhb }lic hl{udob ul uhb gb}ot)klgkbdvbe

khdoe/ dg{ubè lf hl{~du`cob ul hdi/ `{ Mle eb{dmgbe uhb iluhbs—{ }lic ul cb'



0>3

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6

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o`dg (Olgelg: Cruubs}lsuh{/ 0488$/ ;02)06'

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0; Dcde/ 364;'

05 Dcde/ 3=5;'

02

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04 Dcde/ 04;'

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30

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i`sabs{ lf bgelibusdò sbkb~udvdut/’ Fbsudodut `ge [ubsdodut/ Vlorib 62/ +;/

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8;6)50'

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kb~udlg/ [b~ubicbs 048>/ 350'

32 ‟Uhb ^h`{dk @~~sl`kh ul Lsò Klgus`kb~udlg/’ Uhb Dgubsgùdlgò Jlrsgò

lf Fbsudodut/ vlorib 38/ 0488/ 034'

36 Es' Mloezdbhbs/ Hlsilgò Klgus`kb~udlg/ 033'

3= Krggdgmhì/ bu ò/ ]doodì{ Lc{ubusdk{ ([uìflse/ KU: @~~obulg &

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Lc{ubu Mtgbklo [k`ge [r~~o/ 0483$ 0>2'

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0>2

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62 Es' ^`ro H`tb{/ B)i`do eùbe Fbcsr`st 33/ 044='

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0>6

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=> ‟F`ku{ @clru Lsò Klgus`kb~udvb{/’ R'[' Eb~`suibgu lf Hbòuh `ge

Hri`g [bsvdkb{/ 0485'

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~slerkbe ct Lsm`glg'

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80 Dcde'

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85 Dcde'

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8= Dcde'/ 34'



0>=

88 [hboelg J' [bmò/ bu' ò/ ‟Gls~o`gu di~o`gu{: uhb ibkh`gd{i lf klgus`kb~)

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40 Dcde'

43 Dcde'

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Odg`ksbPr`subsot/ Glvbicbs/ 0444/ 36'

45 Dcde'/ ;2'

42 Es' H`sst As`r{/ B)i`do eùbe Ebkbicbs 3;/ 0446'

46 Es' Srelo~h Bhi`gg / @clsudf`kdbgu Klgus`kb~udlg: Uhb ^h`si`kbrudkò

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0445/ 34'

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El{b Lsò Klgus`kb~udvb{/’ Klgus`kb~udlg/ Jrgb 0482/ 28;'

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lf Ol} El{b Klicdgùdlg Lsò Klgus`kb~udvb ^doo{/’ Klgus`kb~udlg/

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Lhdl Sdmhu ul Odfb'

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0445/ 0'

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mìbub us`g{~lsu `ge fbsudodzùdlg dg uhb s`ccdu/’ Fbsudodut `ge [ubsdodut/04=>/ 30/ 68;)686'

0>6 Es' Ibovdg U`tils/ H`sv`se Ibedkò [khllo/ ‟[lib uhlrmhu{ lg uhb

~l{uklduò ub{u/’ Fbsudodut `ge [ubsdodut/ Glvbicbs 0488/ =>3'

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Fbsudodut `ge [ubsdodut/ I`skh 0446/ 2>;'



0>8

0>8 Es' Clmlids Arh`s/ Dgf`gu Hlidkdeb{ Uhslrmh Klgus`kb~udvb{/ 3='

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Uhb Lsbmlgd`g/ Fbcsr`st 36/ 0448/ @0'

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Hbòuh K`sb/ (]lombiruh & Htùu ^rcod{hbs{/ 0440$/ ;04);33'

005 Es' Jìb{ ]òabs/ ‟Lsò Klgus`kb~udlg: @ Edffbsbgu ^bs{~bkudvb/’

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006 Es' ]òubs O' O`sdilsb/ ‟Uhb Msl}dgm Ebcùb @clru uhb @clsudf`kdbgu

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& Ibedkdgb Jlrsgò/ J`gr`st 3>>>106(0$:3;);>$' @o{l `v`do`cob dg `g

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00= Dcde/ }}}'b~i'lsm,~dooebcùb'huio'

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004 Es{' Aodgb/ [ubdg & [r{{bs/ Klgkb~udlg ul Cdsuh/ (Gb} Tlsa: Lxflse

Rgdvbs{dut ^sb{{/ 0484$/ 25)22'

03> Idkh`bo J' Zdgì`g/ bu' ò'/ Fbsudodut `ge [ubsdodut/ I`skh 0446/ 2>;)

2>5'

030 Gùrsò Fìdot ô`ggdgm: [`fb/ Hbòuht/ Bffbkudvb/ Kdgkdggùd/ LH/ 0'

033 B)i`do fsli ` Khsd{ud`g ~ht{dkd`g }hl d{ ò{l ` I`ssd`mb `ge Fìdot

Uhbs`~d{u'

03; Es' ]òubs O`sdilsb/ B)i`do eùbe Fbcsr`st 36/ 0448'

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[bxròdut/ Sb~slerkudvb Ubkhglolmdb{/ `ge uhb Fìdot/ ~~' 04;/ ' Es' [r{`g

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032 Khsd{ud`g Ibedkò & Ebguò @{{lkdùdlg ^l{dudlg [uùbibgu/

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0>4

03= E`vde Cdbcbo/ ‟^slfb{{dlgò [rdkdeb ls ^bs{lgò [rssbgebs<’ Ule`t—{

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038 G' ]`mgbs/ ‟A)I`su ~h`si`kd{u sbfr{b{ ul fdoo ~sb{ksd~udlg{ fls ‘ilsgdgm

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034 Dgflsiùdlg lg uhb ^h`si`kd{u—{ Klg{kdbgkb Ko`r{b d{ `v`do`cob ù

^h`si`kd{u{ fls Odfb—{ }bc{dub ù }}}'~fod'lsm'

0;> Slcbsu Hùkhbs/ bu ò'/ Klgus`kb~udvb Ubkhglolmt/ 06uh Sbvd{be Bedudlg/

Dsvdgmulg ^rcod{hbs{/ Gb} Tlsa/ 0445/ Ebedkùdlg'

0;0 A`d{bs Fìdot Flrgeùdlg/ 0442 [rsvbt lf Lc{ubusdkd`g,Mtgbklolmd{u{

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