DOCUMENTATION

Using Quotations, Embedded Citations, and Works Cited Lists

MLA Style

Today...

What is documentation? What should I cite? How should I cite it? How do I create a bibliography? How do I create a Works Cited List? Embedded (parenthetical) citations Foot notes and end notes Academic honesty

Documentation

The process of clearly stating the source of all ideas and information in your work.

Improper documentation or plagiarism happens when you: Copy someone’s ideas Copy someone’s words Copy someone’s photos/images/data

…and say they are your own

Recording Sources

Keep track of your sources as you research Your notes should ALWAYS list page

references (where possible) and full source information

create a source list for every assignment (including presentations)

use the MLA style Work Cited list unless you are told otherwiseFor an explanation of MLA style see Appendix 2

Creating a Works Cited ListSee pg. 58 Student Research Guide

Creating a Works Cited List

For most common forms go to the EHSS Library Website:

Library Handouts

Research Tools

Research Record (MLA)

For a complete list of ALL formats check the Student Research Guide p 73-77

Bibliographies & Works Cited Lists – What’s the difference?A Bibliography =

Alphabetical list of sources All works consulted

A Works Cited list = Alphabetical list of sources All works citedCheck with your teacher if you are unsure of

the format they require

Reference List

•Lists all references (works) referred to in your paper

•APA format

•Used in science, social science, math, business, Phys. Ed.

Creating a BibliographySee pg. 71 Student Research Guide

What Should I Cite?

If no sources are documented or referenced the assumption is that you are the creator

You must give credit for any ideas which are not your own any photos or images which are not your

own direct quotations from a text

How should I cite within my writing?

at the end of a statement at the end of a direct quotation3 choices:

Embedded Citations Foot notes End notes

They must match your works cited list!

Embedded Citations

•Parenthetical

•Embedded

•In text

…different words for the same thing

Embedded Citations (MLA)See pg. 58 Student Research Guide

Foot Notes & End Notes

End Notes use the same basic form as Foot Notes format them as follows

•On a separate sheet AFTER your essay

•Use the title Notes (centred)

•Number consecutively

•No punctuation after the number

Embedded Citations (MLA) Punctuation

Generally punctuation is placed outside the parentheses...

(5; act 1).

(3. 4.147);

(Pennington 73),

Embedded Citations (MLA) Punctuation cont’d...

…except when the citation appears at the end of a block quotation set off from the text.

In Thompson Highway’s The Rez Sisters, Pelaija expresses this

sense of loss:So what! And the old stories, the old language. Almost all

gone…was a time Nanabush and Windigo and everyone could

rattle away in Indian fast as Bingo Betty could lay her bingo chips

down on a hot night. (5; act 1)

Quoted in: Aaron, Jane E. and Murray McArthur. The Little Brown Compact Handbook. Toronto: Pearson Education Canada, Inc., 2003, 352.

Using Quotations

When? when you want to include something which

makes a powerful or memorable point to confirm the credibility of your argument to argue someone else’s position

Using Quotations

How? Copy word-for-word Less than 5 lines?

Place “quotation marks” around the passage

Longer than 5 lines? Do not place it in quotation marks. Instead,

create a block quotation

Using Quotations

Example 1 - Quotation Marks

To a large extent, Of Mice and Men mirrors the myth of the Garden of Eden particularly the role of the woman. Charlotte Cook Hadella agrees with this concept and notes, “The role of the woman[…] is that of the temptress, the despoiler of the Garden[…] Steinbeck makes the woman the instrument of destruction of the land dream” (53,54).

Using Quotations

Example 2 - Block Quotation Goldhurst, however, argues that the central theme in

Of Mice and Men is that of Cain and Abel: Viewed in the light of its mythic and allegorical

implications, Of Mice and Men is a story about the nature of man’s fate in a fallen world, with particular emphasis upon the question: is man destined to live alone, a solitary wanderer on the face of the earth, or is it the fate of man to care for man, to go his way in companionship with another? This is the same theme that occurs in the Old Testament […] The implications of the Cain-and-Abel drama are everywhere apparent in the fable of George and Lennie […] (39).

Final Thoughts...

There are different styles for different subject areas - ask which one is required of you.

It takes time to learn these methods, but you’ll thank yourself in the end!

Practice good habits now!

Online Resources 1

The Library @ Seattle Central

http://dept.sccd.ctc.edu/cclib/Research_Tools/Citation_Style_Guides/ Online Writing Lab - Purdue University*

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_mla.html University of Toronto - Advice on Academic Writing*

http://www.utoronto.ca/writing/advise.html University of British Columbia Library

http://www.library.ubc.ca/home/about/instruct/mlastyle.html University of Wisconsin-Madison - The Writing Center

http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/DocMLACitation_Info.html.

*Highly recommended - see also the print and online resources in the Works Cited list (last slide)

Online Resources 2

Writing Labs Main Pages http://www.utoronto.ca/writing/advise.html http://owl.english.purdue.edu/Quotations http://www.utoronto.ca/ucwriting/quotations.html http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/research/

r_mla.htmlParaphrasing and Summarizing http://www.utoronto.ca/ucwriting/paraphrase.html http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/

r_paraphr.html

Works CitedAaron, Jane E. and Murray McArthur. The Little Brown Compact Handbook. Toronto: Pearson Education Canada, Inc.,

2003.

Bedford/St. Martin’s. “Citation Styles Online! Using MLA Style to Cite and Document Sources”. 2003. 16 Dec. 2004.

<http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite5.html>.

Dodgson, Rose and others. Student Research Guide. Toronto: Toronto District School Board, 2003. Also available online

at <http://www.tdsb.on.ca/instruction/cyberlinks/documents/StudentResearchGuide.pdf>.

Kasman Valenza, Joyce. "Anti-Plagiarism Campaign: The Struggle for Academic Integrity." Connected Newsletter.

December 2003/January 2004: 4-7.

Lee, I. “A Research Guide for Students: Chapter 9 - Parenthetical References in MLA Style”. 26 Nov 2004. 16 Dec. 2004.

<http://www.aresearchguide.com/sampleparenth.html>.

OWL at Purdue University. “Avoiding Plagiarism”. 2004. 20 Feb.

2004.<http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_plagiar.html>.

OWL at Purdue University. “Paraphrase: Write it in Your Own Words”. 2004. 20 Feb. 2004.

<http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_plagiar.html>.

Appendix 1: Common Knowledge

“Material is probably common knowledge if . . . You find the same information undocumented in at least

five other sources You think it is information that your readers will already

know You think a person could easily find the information with

general reference source

From:

OWL at Purdue University. “Avoiding Plagiarism “. 2004. 20 Feb. 2004. <http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_plagiar.html>.

Appendix 2: What is MLA Style?MLA = Modern Languages Association

developed a style recommended “for preparing scholarly manuscripts and student research papers […] the mechanics of writing, such as punctuation, quotation, and documentation of sources”.

One of the “Big Three” authorities on documentation style - the other two being the American Psychological Association [APA] and the University of Chicago Press [Chicago Style].

Used mainly for documenting sources in languages, the arts and the humanities.

Source: Modern Languages Association. “What is MLA Style?”. 9 Sep. 2003. 17 Dec. 2004. <http://www.mla.org/publications/style>.