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Nitrogen:

Deficiency: Plants will exhibit lack of vigor as older leaves become yellow

(chlorotic) from lack of chlorophyll. Chlorosis will eventally spread throghot

the plant. !tems" petioles and lower leaf srfaces may trn prple.

#oxicity: $eaves are often dark green and in the early stages abndant with

foliage. %f excess is severe" leaves will dry and begin to fall off. &oot

system will remain nder developed or deteriorate after time. 'rit and flower set

will be inhibited or deformed.

Phosphors:

Deficiency: Plants are stnted and older leaves often dark dll green in color.

!tems and leafstalk may trn prple. Plant matrity is often delayed.

#oxicity: #his condition is rare and sally bffered by p limitations. xcess

phosphors can interfere with the availability of copper and *inc.

Potassim:

Deficiency: +lder leaves are initially chlorotic bt soon develop dark necrotic

lesions (dead tisse). 'irst apparent on the tips and margins of the

leaves. !tem and branches may become weak and easily broken.

#oxicity: ,sally not absorbed excessively by plants. xcess potassim can

aggravate the ptake of magnesim" manganese" *inc and iron.

!lfr:

Deficiency: #he initial symptoms are the yellowing of the entire leaf inclding

veins sally starting with the yonger leaves. $eaf tips may yellow and crl

downward.

#oxicity: $eaf si*e will be redced and overall growth will be stnted. $eaves

yellowing or scorched at edges.

-agnesim:

Deficiency: #he older leaves will be the first to develop interveinal chlorosis.

!tarting at leaf margin or tip and progressing inward between the veins.

#oxicity: -agnesim toxicity are rare and not generally exhibited visibly.

Calcim:

Deficiency: ong leaves are affected first and become small and distorted or

chlorotic with irreglar margins" spotting or necrotic areas. /d development is

inhibited and roots may be nderdeveloped or die back. 'rit may be stnted or

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deformed.

#oxicity: Difficlt to distingish visally. -ay precipitate with slfr in soltion

and case cloding or reside in tank.

%ron:

Deficiency: Prononced interveinal chlorosis similar to that cased by magnesim

deficiency bt on the yonger leaves.

#oxicity: xcess accmlation is rare bt cold case bron*ing or tiny brown

spots on leaf srface.

-anganese:

Deficiency: %nterveinal chlorosis on yonger or older leaves followed by necrotic

lesions or leaf shedding. &estricted growth and failre to matre normally can

also reslt.

#oxicity: Chlorosis" or blotchy leaf tisse de to insfficient chlorophyll synthesis.

0rowth rate will slow and vigor will decline.

Chlorine:

Deficiency: 1ilted chlorotic leaves become bron*e in color. &oots become

stnted and thickened near tips.

#oxicity: /rning of leaf tip or margins. /ron*ing" yellowing and leaf splitting.

&edced leaf si*e and lower growth rate.

/oron:

Deficiency: !tem and root tips often die. &oot tips often become swollen and

discolored. %nternal tisses may rot and become host to fngal disease. $eaves

show varios symptoms which inclde drying" thickening" distorting" wilting" and

chlorotic or necrotic spotting.

#oxicity: ellowing of leaf tip followed by necrosis of the leaves beginning at tips

or margins and progressing inward. !ome plants are especially sensitive to boron

accmlation.

2inc:

Deficiency: Chlorosis may accompany redction of leaf si*e and a shortening

between internodes. $eaf margins are often distorted or wrinkled.

#oxicity: 2inc in excess is extremely toxic and will case rapid death. xcess

*inc interferes with iron casing chlorosis from iron deficiency.

Copper:

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Deficiency: ong leaves often become dark green and twisted. #hey may die

back or 3st exhibit necrotic spots. 0rowth and yield will be deficient as well.

#oxicity: &edced growth followed by symptoms of iron chlorosis" stnting"

redced branching" abnormal darkening and thickening of roots. #his element is

essential bt extremely toxic in excess.

-olybdenm:

Deficiency: +ften interveinal chlorosis which occrs first on older leaves" then

progressing to the entire plant. Developing severely twisted yonger leaves

which eventally die.

#oxicity: xcess may case discoloration of leaves depending on plant species.

#his condition is rare bt cold occr from accmlation by continos application.

,sed by the plant in very small 4antities.