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DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 391 910 CE 070 768
TITLE Blueprint Reading for Sheet Metal Workers. TrainingGuide.
INSTITUTION Philippine Congress, Manila. Congressional OversightCommittee on Education.
PUB DATE 95
NOTE 76p.; For related documents, see CE 070 758, CE 070760, CE 070 763, and CE 070 765-767.
PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (ForTeacher) (052)
EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS Adult Education; *Adult Vocational Education;
Behavioral Objectives; *Blueprints; *Competency BasedEducation; Engineering Drawing; Learning Activities;*Machine Tool Operators; *Orthographic Projection;*Sheet Metal Work
ABSTRACTThis training guide, developed during a project to
retrain defense industry workers at risk of job loss or dislocationbecause of conversion of the defense industry, is designed for acourse in blueprint reading for sheet metal workers. The followingare among the topics covered in the course: orthographic projection;isometric and oblique projection; auxiliary views; surfaceidentification; basic lines; drawing notes; title blocks; dimensions;flat pattern layout; tabulation tables; assembling drawings; andorthographic drawing interpretation. Ilcluded in the guide are thefollowing: course outline; fransparency masters; student handouts;quiz; student exercises; and reference tables. (MN)
***********************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.
***********************************************************************
BLeprintng
for SheetM I
Workers
TrainingEDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION Guide "
MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BYPERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS
U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONIte Educatanal Finsearch and Irnprovernnnt
CENTER (ERIC)ta This document has been reproduced as
received from the per,on or orgarn/atioaoriginating it
0 Minor changes have been made toimprove iepioduction quality
Points of view or opinions stated in thisdocument do not necessarily representofficial OFR pofalinn or policy
TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
Sept
embe
r 13
, 20
and
27, 1
995
I.Pr
int I
nfor
mat
;on
A. E
valu
atio
nE
xerc
ise
Page
2
II.
Ort
hogr
aphi
c Pr
ojec
tion
3 &
4A
. Thr
ee v
iew
dra
win
gsB
. Add
ition
al v
iew
s
III.
Isom
etri
c &
Obl
ique
Pro
ject
ion
5 &
7E
xerc
ise
7
IV.
Aux
iliar
y V
iew
sA
. Rep
rese
ntat
ion
B. P
ositi
on
V.
Surf
ace
Iden
tific
atio
nA
. Vis
ualiz
atio
n of
par
ts in
3D
B. V
isua
lizat
ion
of p
arts
in th
efl
at la
yout
C. R
ecog
nitio
n of
par
ts r
elat
ions
hip
tofa
sten
ers
VI.
Bas
ic L
ines
813
Exe
rcis
e13
VII
. Dra
win
g N
otes
14A
. Mat
eria
l cal
l out
B. T
oler
ance
sC
. Spe
cifi
c be
nd r
adii
D. G
ener
al n
otes
E. L
ocal
not
esF.
Wel
d sy
mbo
ls
VII
I. T
itle
Blo
ck15
Exe
rcis
e15
IX.
Dim
ensi
ons
1623
A. D
imen
sion
uni
ts1.
Eng
lish
units
a. f
ract
iona
l dim
.b.
dec
imal
dim
.2.
Met
ric
units
B. M
etri
c to
Eng
lish
conv
ersi
on1.
Div
ide
met
ric
dim
ensi
on b
y 25
.4C
. Bas
ic r
ules
for
dim
ensi
ons
D. A
dditi
onal
info
rmat
ion
Exe
rcis
e21
E. D
raw
ing/
dim
ensi
on to
lera
nces
1. T
able
2. N
otes
4
X.
Flat
Pat
tern
Lay
out
A. V
isua
lize
orth
ogra
phic
vie
ws
as is
omet
ric
proj
ectio
n
B. V
isua
lize
orth
ogra
phic
vie
ws
as f
lat p
atte
rn
C. I
ntro
duce
air
for
med
cha
rt f
or 9
0 de
gree
ben
ds to
cal
cula
te f
lat p
atte
rn1.
exer
cise
: cal
cula
te f
lat f
rom
exa
mpl
e on
cha
rt2.
calc
ulat
e us
ing
outs
ide
dim
ensi
ons
3.ca
lcul
ate
suin
g in
side
dim
ensi
ons
D. I
ntro
duce
squ
are
bend
cha
rt f
or 9
0 de
gree
ben
ds to
cal
cula
te f
lat p
atte
rn1.
exer
cise
: cal
cula
te f
lat f
rom
exa
mpl
e on
cha
rt2.
calc
ulat
e us
ing
outs
ide
dim
ensi
ons
3.ca
lcul
ate
usin
g in
side
dim
ensi
ons
E. D
iscu
ss d
raw
ing
num
ber
403-
1304
1.vi
sual
ize
3D p
art
2.ca
lcul
ate
flat
pat
tern
layo
ut3.
dete
rmin
e pr
oper
sid
e fo
r fa
sten
ers
4.de
term
ine
whi
ch w
ay f
lang
es b
end
for
pres
s br
eak
oper
atio
n
F. D
iscu
ss d
raw
ing
num
ber
0318
-267
01.
visu
aliz
e 3D
par
t2.
calc
ulat
e fl
at p
atte
rn la
yout
Not
e:m
ater
ial c
all o
utbe
nd r
adii
call
out
tole
ranc
e ca
ll ou
t3.
detf
fmin
e pr
oper
sid
e fo
r fa
sten
ers
4.de
term
ine
whi
ch w
ay f
lang
es b
end
for
pres
s br
eak
oper
atio
nN
ote:
bend
rel
iefs
fro
nt f
lang
e
ii.
:tint
-Rea
dN
IP
X.
Flat
Pat
tun
Lay
out,
cont
inue
dG
. Dis
cuss
dra
win
g nu
mbe
r 04
05-4
913
1.vi
sual
ize
3D p
art
2.m
etri
c to
Eng
lish
conv
ersi
on3.
calm
late
fla
t pat
tern
layo
utN
ote:
mat
eria
l cal
l out
bend
rad
ii ca
ll ou
tto
lera
nce
call
out
4.de
term
ine
prop
er s
ide
for
fast
ener
s5.
dete
rmin
e w
hich
way
fla
nges
ben
d fo
r br
eak
oper
atio
n6.
dete
rmin
e W
eldn
ut lo
catio
n an
d po
sitio
n
H. D
iscu
ss d
raw
ing
num
ber
232-
2819
1.vi
sual
ize
3D p
art
2.ca
lcul
ate
flab
pat
tern
layo
ut3.
met
ric
to e
nglis
h co
nver
sion
Not
e: m
ater
ial c
all o
utbe
nd r
adii
call
out
tole
ranc
e ca
ll ou
t4.
dete
rmin
e pr
oper
sid
e fo
r fa
sten
ers
5.de
term
ine
whi
ch w
ay f
lang
es b
end
for
pres
s br
eak
oper
atio
nN
ote:
tabu
latio
n ta
ble
XI.
Tab
ulat
ion
Tab
les
41=
111
XII
. Ass
embl
y D
raw
ings
A. D
iscu
ssio
nB
. Int
erpr
etat
ion
C. V
isua
lizat
ion
XII
I. O
rtho
grap
hic
Dra
win
g In
terp
reta
tion
prac
tice
Dw
g. N
o. 0
319-
2780
posi
tion
of f
aste
ners
(w
eldn
uts)
bend
dir
ectio
nsta
bula
tion
tabl
es
Dw
g. N
o. 4
03-1
304
dire
ctio
n of
ben
ds (
part
s ha
ve b
een
bent
bac
kwar
ds)
hole
s an
d di
rect
ion
of p
art
Dyv
g. N
o. 0
319-
2670
bend
rad
ius
(see
dw
g. n
ote)
bend
dir
ectio
nto
lera
nces
deci
mal
pla
ces
Dw
g. N
o. 1
30-3
244
flat
pat
tern
layo
utpr
oper
side
for
fas
tene
rs
i v
90
4MIP
XII
I. O
rtho
grap
hic
Dra
win
g In
terp
reta
tion
prac
tice
cont
inue
d
/MIM
E/
Dw
g. N
o. 4
03-3
629
flat
pat
tern
layo
utpr
oper
sid
e fo
r fa
sten
ers
Dw
g. N
o. 0
405-
4913
view
s (h
ow to
inte
rpre
t)in
side
/out
side
view
s: f
ront
, top
, rig
ht, l
eft,
botto
m
Dw
g. N
o. 2
32-3
819
tabu
latio
n ta
bles
flat
pat
tern
form
ed v
iew
insi
de/o
utsi
de o
f a
part
v
1 1
1 2
Tab
le o
f C
onte
rte
Page
1T
oler
ance
Dim
ensi
ons
22
Info
rmat
ion
on a
Blu
epri
nt2
You
r N
otes
23
Tea
m Q
uiz
2A
ppen
dice
s A
-F
Ort
hogr
aphi
c Pr
ojec
tion
3A
: Air
Ben
ding
Ben
d
Vie
ws
in O
rtho
grap
hic
Dra
win
gs4
Allo
wan
ces
Tab
le24
Rep
rese
ntin
g an
Obj
ect
5B
: Ben
d A
llow
ance
Sket
chin
g an
Iso
met
ric
Dra
win
g6
Cal
cula
tions
25 &
26
Surf
ace
Iden
tific
atio
n7
C: S
quar
e B
ends
Ben
dB
asic
Lin
es8
- 10
Allo
wan
ces
Tab
les
27 -
29
You
r N
otes
11
Iden
tifyi
ng B
asic
Lin
es12
- 1
3D
: Cop
per
Bus
Bar
Loc
al a
nd G
ener
al N
otes
14B
end
Allo
wan
ce30
Titl
e B
lock
s15
E: 4
5 D
egre
e C
oppe
r
Dim
ensi
ons
16B
end
Form
ula
31
Dim
ensi
on U
nits
17-1
9F:
45
Deg
ree
Ben
d E
xam
ple
32
Rul
es f
or D
imen
sion
ing
20
Dim
ensi
onin
g Pr
actic
e21
13
1
14
i:Inf
orm
a ió
non
aB
luep
rin
Info
rmat
ion
foun
d on
abl
uepr
int:
Par
ts to
be
man
ufac
ture
d
Dim
ensi
ons
Not
es
Mat
eria
l
Titl
e of
the
draw
ing
and
part
Dra
win
g nu
mbe
r
Man
ufac
ture
s na
me
Tol
eran
ces
Sca
le o
f the
dra
win
g
Nam
es o
f the
dra
fter,
engi
neer
, and
che
cker
s
Dra
win
g an
d ap
prov
al d
ates
Rev
isio
n in
form
atio
n
Tab
ulat
ion
tabl
es
Tea
m Q
uiz:
Look
at t
he p
rovi
ded
prin
ts in
you
r fo
lder
.Lo
cate
the
requ
este
d in
form
atio
n be
low
.W
ith y
our
part
ner,
num
ber
the
vario
uspa
rts
of a
prin
t.
1.Lo
cate
the
part
s, a
s sh
own
in li
nedr
awin
gs.
2.P
oint
out
the
dim
ensi
ons.
3.P
oint
out
the
note
s.
4.W
here
is th
e m
ater
ial l
iste
d?
5.W
hat's
the
title
of t
he d
raw
ing
and
the
draw
ing
num
ber?
6.W
here
is th
e O
nan/
Cum
min
s na
me
loca
ted
on th
e pr
int?
7.P
oint
out
the
tole
ranc
es.
8.W
hat i
s th
e sc
ale
of th
is d
raw
ing?
9.W
ho d
rafte
d th
is p
rint?
10.
Who
app
rove
d th
e pr
int?
11.
Whe
n w
as th
e pr
int d
rafte
d?
12.
Poi
nt o
ut th
e re
visi
on in
form
atio
n.
2
1 G
Ort
hogr
aphi
c pr
ojec
tion
is a
met
hod
of r
epre
sent
ing
the
true
sha
pe o
f an
obj
ect o
n a
sing
le p
lane
.
Eve
ry li
nef
an o
bjec
t is
on a
sin
gle
plan
e.
Eve
ry li
ne o
f th
e ob
ject
mus
t app
ear
as a
line
or
poin
t on
the
plan
e of
proj
ectio
n.
Lin
es th
at c
an b
e se
enar
e sh
own
asso
lid li
nes.
Lin
es th
at a
re n
otvi
sibl
e, b
ecau
se th
ey a
rehi
dden
by
som
e pa
rt o
fth
e ob
ject
, are
repr
esen
ted
by d
ashe
dlin
es.
Ort
hogr
aphi
c pr
ojec
tion
isdi
vide
d in
to 6
vie
ws:
Fron
t Vie
w:
Top
Vie
w:
Rig
ht s
ide:
Lef
t sid
e:
Bot
tom
vie
w:
Bac
k vi
ew:
mai
n vi
ew o
f th
e pa
rt th
at s
how
sm
ost d
etai
l.
proj
ectio
n up
war
d fr
om f
ront
view
.
view
to th
e ri
ght o
f th
e fr
ont.
view
to th
e le
ft o
f th
e fr
ont.
oppo
site
the
top
view
.
oppo
site
the
fron
t vie
w.
Prin
cipl
ePr
ojec
tions
:T
he p
rinc
iple
pro
ject
ions
are
calle
d fr
ont,
top
and
side
vie
ws.
The
pro
cess
of
proj
ectin
gth
e es
sent
ial v
iew
s in
to a
sin
gle
plan
e is
kno
wn
as o
rtho
grap
hic
proj
ectio
n.
TO
P
FR
ON
T
3
WO
RT
SID
E
Vie
ws
in O
rtho
g ap
hic
Dra
win
gs
PIC
TO
RIA
LR
EP
RE
SE
NT
AT
ION
BA
CK
LEF
T S
IDE
BA
CK
TO
P
4
BO
TT
OM
RIG
HT
SID
EB
AC
K
OB
LIQ
UE
ISO
ME
TR
IC
(I)
PIC
TO
RIA
L
TO
P
F.-
T-1
0NT-1
RIG
HT
BA
OR
TH
OG
RA
PH
IC P
RO
JEC
TIO
N II
N T
HR
EE
VIE
WS
/
Obl
ique
: To
deve
lop
an o
bliq
uedr
awin
g, a
n or
thog
raph
ic v
iew
of
the
obje
ct is
fir
st d
raw
n w
hich
bes
tde
scri
bes
the
shap
e an
d sh
ows
the
mos
t det
ail o
f th
e ob
ject
.
Aft
er th
e or
thog
raph
ic v
iew
isco
mpl
eted
, one
sho
uld
draw
par
alle
lre
cedi
ng li
nes
abou
t 45
degr
eean
gles
fTom
the
corn
ers
of th
e vi
ew(e
ither
toth
e ri
ght o
r to
the
left
) to
deve
lop
the
thre
e-di
men
sion
al e
ffec
t. T
he e
xten
tof
the
rece
ding
line
s is
abo
uton
e-ha
lfth
e le
ngth
that
wou
ld b
e sh
own
for
anor
thog
raph
ic d
raw
ing.
Isom
etri
c: T
o de
velo
p an
isom
etri
c sk
etch
, iso
met
ric
grap
hpa
per
is p
refe
rabl
e.A
n is
omet
ric
sket
ch h
as a
ll of
its
surf
aces
sho
wn
at30
deg
ree
angl
es. I
n th
e in
itial
prep
arat
ion
of th
e sk
etch
, a v
iew
of
the
obje
ct th
at b
est s
how
s its
sha
pean
d de
tail
is s
elec
ted
and
sket
ched
at
30 d
egre
es.
Aft
er c
ompl
etio
n of
the
basi
c vi
ew,
para
llel r
eced
ing
lines
are
ske
tche
d at
30 d
egre
e an
gles
fro
m e
ach
of th
eco
rner
s. O
nly
thos
elin
es th
atre
pres
ent t
he v
isib
le p
art o
f th
eob
ject
are
show
n. T
hesk
etch
is c
ompl
eted
by d
raw
ing
the
back
edg
es.
5
21
Prel
imin
ary
view
for
sket
chin
g is
omet
ric
draw
ing
of a
fabr
icat
ed T
-sup
port
.
Lef
t and
rig
ht is
omet
ric
sket
ches
of
afa
bric
ated
T-s
uppo
rt.
Aro
F N
stts
014L
10(f
lA1
f,7
$0
R,
236
.Sui
lace
.Ide
4tif
ia "
Ow
Ent
er th
e le
tters
fro
m th
e pi
ctor
ial
view
into
the
corr
espo
ndin
g ba
lloon
s on
the
orth
ogra
phic
vie
ws.
o r:
72
G
The
re a
re s
ever
al d
iffe
rent
type
sof
line
s us
ed o
n a
prin
t.
Eac
h lin
e ha
s a
diff
eren
t mea
ning
.
The
pur
pose
of
each
line
deal
s w
ith:
1.Sh
ape
of a
n ob
ject
2.D
imen
sion
ing
of a
n ob
ject
e of
Lin
eD
escr
iptio
n
Ot3
JEC
T
LIN
E
Thi
ck s
olid
line
.T
o sh
ow th
e vi
sibl
e sh
ape
of a
part
.
HID
DE
N
LIN
E
Bro
ken
line
of m
ediu
mT
o sh
cw e
dges
and
out
lines
thic
knes
s.N
OT
, vis
ible
to th
e ey
e.
CE
NT
ER
LIN
E
Fin
e, b
roke
n lin
e m
ade
up o
f aT
o sh
ow th
e ce
nter
of c
ircle
s,
serie
s of
sho
rt a
nd lo
ngar
cs a
nd s
ymm
etric
alob
ject
s
dash
es a
ltern
atel
y sp
aced
.an
d to
aid
in d
imen
sion
ing
thes
e
part
s.
EX
TE
NS
ION
EX
TE
NS
ION
LIN
ELI
NE
DIM
EN
SIO
N L
INE
Ext
ensi
on li
nes:
fine
line
s th
atE
xten
sion
line
s: s
how
exte
nt fr
om th
e ob
ject
with
adi
men
sion
ing
poin
ts.
light
bre
ak b
etw
een.
Dim
ensi
on li
nes:
touc
h th
e
Dim
ensi
on li
nes:
fine
line
sex
tens
ion
lines
and
sho
w
with
arr
owhe
ads,
unb
roke
ndi
stan
ce g
iven
by
the
exce
pt w
here
the
dim
ensi
onis
dim
ensi
ons.
8
2829
LEA
DE
R
Fin
e, s
trai
ght l
ine
with
an
arro
whe
ad o
r ro
und
solid
dot
at o
ne e
nd. I
t is
usua
llydr
awn
at a
n an
gle.
Poi
nts
dire
ctly
to s
urfa
ce fo
r th
epu
rpos
e of
dim
ensi
onin
g or
l.ad
ding
a n
ote.
A d
ot m
ay b
eus
ed a
t the
end
of t
he s
trai
ght
line
whe
re r
efer
ence
is m
ade
asu
rfac
e ar
ea.
PR
EF
ER
RE
DA
ALT
ER
NA
TE
BE
i
CU
TT
ING
PLA
NE
LIN
E
A
A h
eavy
, bro
ken
line
mad
e up
of a
ser
ies
of s
hort
das
hes
alte
rnat
ely
spac
ed (
or s
olid
heav
y lin
es o
r lo
ng d
ashe
s).
Arr
owhe
ads
are
plac
ed a
trig
ht a
ngle
s to
the
cutti
ngpl
ane
lines
.
Indi
cate
whe
re a
n im
agin
ary
cut
is m
ade
thro
ugh
the
obje
ct. T
he
arro
w p
oint
s in
the
dire
ctio
n in
whi
ch th
e se
ctio
nsh
ould
be
view
ed. L
ette
rs n
ext t
oth
ear
row
head
s id
entif
y th
ese
ctio
n
in c
ases
whe
re m
ore
than
one
sect
ion
is s
how
n on
the
draw
ing.
ST
EE
L
ZIN
C, L
EA
D,
MIT
E M
ET
AL,
RA
BB
IT T
,A
ND
ALL
OY
S
SE
CT
ION
LIN
ES
/ //
//
CA
ST
IRO
N,
/ //
MA
LLE
AB
LE IR
ON
,/ G
EN
ER
AL
US
E F
OR
ALL
MA
TE
RIA
LSC
OP
PE
R,
BR
AS
S,
BR
ON
ZE
,A
ND
CO
MP
OS
ITIO
NS
MA
GN
ES
IUM
,A
LUM
INU
M,
AN
D IT
SA
LLO
YS
Ser
ies
of fi
ne li
nes
solid
or
solid
and
bro
ken
- ar
rang
ed in
spec
ific
patte
rns.
The
y m
aybe
sho
wn
eith
er s
trai
ght o
rcu
rved
. Whe
n sh
own
stra
ight
,th
ey a
re u
sual
ly d
raw
n at
45
degr
ee a
ngle
.
Indi
cate
the
imag
inar
y cu
tsu
rfac
e re
ferr
ed to
by
the
cutti
ngpl
an li
ne. T
o re
pres
entv
ario
uski
nds
of m
ater
ials
.
309
31
CH
AIN
LIN
EH
eavy
, bro
ken
line
mad
e up
of
Indi
cate
s th
e lo
catio
n an
d ex
tent
a se
ries
of lo
ng a
ndsh
ort
of a
sur
face
are
a.da
shes
alte
rnat
ely
spac
ed.
SH
OR
TH
eavy
, irr
egul
ar li
ne d
raw
nT
o sh
ow a
sho
rt b
reak
. To
BR
EA
K L
INE
free
hand
.co
nser
ve s
pace
on
adr
awin
g.T
o sh
ow a
par
tial s
ectio
n.
LON
G
BR
EA
K L
INE
Rul
ed, l
ight
line
with
free
hand
To
show
a lo
ng b
reak
. To
4/--
-zi
gzag
s.co
nser
ve s
pace
on
adr
awin
g.
PH
AN
TO
M
LIN
E
Ligh
t, br
oken
line
mad
e up
of
a se
ries
of o
nelo
ng a
nd tw
osh
ot d
ashe
s.
To
show
alte
rnat
e po
sitio
ns o
f apa
rt. T
o sh
ow r
elat
ions
hip
ofex
istin
g pa
rt to
new
par
t. T
osh
ow m
achi
ned
surf
aces
.
1 0
3°
9C
Iden
tifyi
hg.B
asiC
ilife
sR
efer
to th
e dr
awin
g ab
ove
to id
entif
yth
e ty
pes
and
lines
and
thei
r fu
nctio
ns.
Iden
tify
to fo
llow
ing
type
sof
line
s:ui
ven
the
func
tion
orfu
nctio
ns o
f
Ath
e fo
llow
ing
lines
:A B
onus
Que
stio
n:W
hat d
oes
Q h
ave
refe
renc
e to
?
0
13
3839
A n
ote
is le
ttere
din
form
atio
n co
ncer
ning
the
deta
ils o
f co
nstr
uctio
n. T
he n
ote
expl
ains
, spe
cifi
es, o
r re
fers
toth
e m
ater
ial a
nd/o
r pr
oces
ses
need
ed to
mak
e th
e
part
. Not
es h
elp
to c
onse
rve
spac
e on
the
prin
t, an
d to
sav
e tim
ein
pre
pari
ng th
e
draw
ing.
It i
s of
ten
show
n as
an
abbr
evia
tion
or s
ymbo
l.
Loca
l Not
es: W
hen
a no
teap
plie
s to
a p
artic
ular
par
t on
anob
ject
, it i
s ca
lled
a lo
cal
note
. Suc
ha
note
ispl
aced
nea
r on
e of
the
view
s re
pres
entin
g th
e pa
rt.
NOTE:
1. ALL CORNERS
WHICH PRODUCE
FLANGES
WHICH CLOSE UPON EACH
OTHER MUST
HAVE A R.I2 MAX
RELIEF AT THE
INTERSECTION.
2. WELDNUTS IN
THIS AREA MUST BE
ATTACHED AS SHOWN.
3. OPTIONAL
MATERIAL: MS02095
Gen
eral
Not
es: A
gen
eral
note
app
lies
to th
edr
awin
g as
aw
hole
. It i
s pl
aced
in a
n op
ensp
ace
away
from
the
view
s so
that
it c
an b
e se
enea
sily
.
MATERIAL;
1.1. NI MATERIAL:
BMS SHEET
011-11402 I.6MM
114k
NI PART NJ. (REF): SEE
TAB
4 0
14
41
Titl
e bl
ocks
con
sist
of:
A.
Nam
e of
par
t or
proj
ect
B.
ruan
tit, r
equi
red
C.
Mat
eria
l des
crip
tion
D.
Sca
le s
ize
used
E.
Dra
wn
byF
.C
heck
ed b
y
G.
Dra
win
g N
umbe
rH
.D
ates
I.T
oler
ance
sJ.
Ona
n/C
umm
ins
nam
eK
.D
raw
ing
Pro
ject
ion
3rd
Ang
le v
s. 1
st A
ngle
Pla
ce th
e co
rres
pond
ing
lette
rs in
the
Ona
n/C
umm
ins
title
blo
ck b
elow
:
lol )
41,1
1tik
iwill
1I
IP.
Ms m 1 14
inI o
ticsi
nicn
co
itiel
kIr
s
IPC
IAL
IIim
am.
1,...
.(L
er...
Is24
0-20
65E
..11
I11
MN
IAP
OLI
SM
MI1
1101
11 1
14$1
IN..
...ce
F.G
.GU
YIE
RR
EZ
os-is
-12
,.
it :,;:::
..
::.:
1a,
WA
YN
E A
.CLE
NE
NS
01-0
612
n"F
RA
ME
-ST
AT
OR
(FA
131
II.
,,, y I
*a4
AI 4
II11
1t4.
121L
BL
UIL
lim
1,...
.....
..ib
P 0
61.0
Or
hiO
M 0
11
17-1
/2
as/is
m G
AR
Y J
AR
EN
ER
0105
12...
"...,
,,,,,,
,,,,,,
tavo
11:=
=ti
y1
=11
,1h
W24
0-20
73no
rm--
2.2
Mir
" t,is
, II,
mom
s.r
woi
n`
t..A
..
md,
IIm
i al I
MH
C5
154'
3
Dim
ensi
ons
serv
e tw
o im
port
antf
unct
ions
on
a pr
int:
1.T
hey
give
the
size
s ne
eded
tofa
bric
ate
a pa
rt.
2.T
hey
indi
cate
the
loca
tion
whe
re c
ompo
nent
sof
the
part
sho
uld
be p
lace
d,
asse
mbl
ed, m
achi
ned
orw
elde
d.
Siz
e an
d lo
catio
n of
dim
ensi
ons:
00
KE
YL
LOC
AT
ION
SS
IZE
Frac
tiona
l Inc
h
NO
TE
: TH
ES
YM
BO
LS
IGN
IFIE
SD
IAM
ET
ER
.
3"1
4 4
1 6
4 5
In th
e de
cim
alin
ch s
yste
m (
U.S
. Cus
tom
ary)
,par
ts a
rede
sign
ed in
basi
c de
cim
al
incr
emen
ts, p
refe
rabl
e.0
2 in
ch a
nd a
re e
xpre
ssed
as tw
o-pl
ace
deci
mal
num
bers
.
Usi
ng th
e.0
2 m
odul
e, th
ese
cond
dec
imal
pla
ce(h
undr
eths
) is
an
even
num
ber
or
zero
. Siz
esot
her
than
thes
e,su
ch a
s .2
5 ar
e us
edw
hen
they
are
esse
ntia
l to
mee
t
desi
gn r
equi
rem
ents
.
Dec
imal
Inc
h E
xam
pe
3.00
1.38
.08
--11
1.0
11-
17.
4 6
4 7
Som
e di
men
sion
s ar
e sh
own
in f
ract
ion
inch
es. I
n th
eFr
actio
nal I
nch
Syst
em, s
izes
are
expr
esse
din
com
mon
fra
ctio
ns, t
he s
mal
lest
divi
sion
bei
ng 6
4ths
.
48
Som
e pr
ojec
ts a
re d
imen
sion
ed in
met
ric
or m
illim
eter
s. T
he S
I M
etri
cU
nite
s of
Mea
sure
men
t sho
ws
engi
neer
ing
draw
ings
in: m
illim
eter
s fo
r th
e lin
ear
mea
sure
and
mic
ro m
eter
s fo
r su
rfac
e ro
ughn
ess.
A m
illim
eter
val
ue o
f le
ss th
an o
neis
show
n w
ith a
zer
o to
the
left
of
the
deci
mal
poi
nt.
For
exam
ple:
0.2
not
.2 o
r .2
00.
26no
t.2
6
Ona
n-
SI M
etri
c U
nits
42.5
4"
(063
.87)
19
5051
1. P
lace
dim
ensi
ons
betw
een
view
sw
hen
poss
ible
(S
ee A
).
2. P
lace
the
dim
ensi
onlin
e fo
r th
esh
orte
st w
idth
, hei
ght,
and
dept
h,
near
est t
he o
utlin
e of
the
obje
ct
(See
B).
Par
alle
l dim
ensi
on li
nes
are
plac
ed
in o
rder
of t
heir
size
,m
akin
g th
elo
nges
t dim
ensi
on li
ne th
eou
term
ost l
ine.
3. P
lace
dim
ensi
ons
near
the
view
that
bes
t shi
ms
thle
sh-m
n"f
th°
cifi
c%
do ti
t...
obje
ct (
See
C).
20
1.20
---
--,.1
re--
- .7
0 -4
1
. 44
(A)
PLA
CE
DIM
EN
SIO
NS
BE
TW
EE
NV
IEW
S
1:
1.20-4
-1.4
541-
*-.3
0
(B)
PLA
CE
SM
ALL
ES
T D
IME
NS
ION
NE
AR
ES
T
TH
E V
IEW
BE
ING
DIM
EN
SIO
NE
D
____
___I
.40-
1.20
.34
r'4
0
-r
(C)
DIM
EN
SIO
N T
HE
VIE
W T
HA
T B
ES
T S
HO
WS
TH
E S
HA
PE
5 3
QUESTIOCS
1. What is the name of the object?2. What is the drawing number?3. How many pieces are to be made?4. Of what material is the part made?5. What is the overall width?6. What is the overall depth?7. What is the overall height?8. Which line or surface in the side view
represents surface 0 in the tap view?9. Which line or surface in the side view
represents surface ©in the top view?10. Which iine or surface in the side view
represents surface 0 in the top view?11. Which line or surface in the side view
represents surface of the front
view?12. What is the vertical height in the site
view from the surface represented byline° to that represented by line
13. What is the height of the step in the st eview from the bottom of the part to thesurface represented by surface
14. Which two dimensions (letters) in the top view
represent distance V in the side view?
7
LG)
F
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.24.25.
26.
Which two dimensions (letters) in the top viewrepresent distance W in the side view?
Which line or surface in the side viewrepresents surface M in the front view?
What is the height o line N 7
Which line or surface in the rant viewrepresents the surface in the side
view?Which line or surface in the top view
represents surfaceCD ?Which line or surface in the front view
represents surfaceWhich line or surface in the front view
represents surface® ?Which line or surface in the top viewrepresents surface 0 ?What type of line isWhat type of line isWhat units of measurement are used on
this drawing?Calculate dimensions 8 C 0 and W .
ANSWERS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
13
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
QUANTITY
MATERIAL
2
MS
SCALE FULL SIZE
DRAWN
COUNTER CLAMPBAR
0
DATE
A-Et
54
PEST COPY AVAILABLE
Tol
eran
ce is
ano
ther
impo
rtan
t ele
men
t of
dim
ensi
onin
g. I
t is
afi
gure
giv
en a
plu
s
(+)
or m
inus
(-)
qua
lity.
It s
peci
fies
the
amou
nt o
f er
ror
allo
wed
whe
n m
akin
g a
part
.
Tol
eran
ces
are
used
to e
nsur
e th
e ac
cura
cy a
nd p
rope
r fi
t of
part
s.T
his
allo
ws
asse
mbl
y an
d co
nstr
uctio
n w
ith th
e m
inim
um o
f re
wor
k or
adju
stm
ent.
For
man
y pa
rts,
tole
ranc
es a
re s
tand
ardi
zed
and
are
foun
d in
pre
pare
d to
lera
nce
tabl
es.
1
10LE
RA
NC
E U
NLE
SS
OIN
ER
)114
pug
1E0
Pk
Inch
Ix
t,x
t°-
4.
Xt
.X
X t
a03
a,xx
t,x
xxt.0
150.
09-
1.99
'0.1
51.0
.08
001.
.200
#.00
6/..0
03
--1
5.00
9.9
940
10/.0
.10
.201
-.42
1I.0
08/..
001
010
.001
7.19
0.6/
-0.1
1.4
22..1
03i .
010/
%00
5m
17.5
021.
99i0
.30/
0.13
.704
-.99
94.
012/
..m.
22
55
+2.457
045
-.000
.480
56
S9E
ZL
S
Mat
eria
l Gau
geT
hick
ness
Die
Set
Ben
d A
llow
ance
Per
90%
Ben
d
20 G
A. C
RS
(.03
6")
100,
105
, 123
ID +
.012
" or
OD
- .0
60"
18 G
A. C
RS
(.04
8")
101,
106
, 119
, 124
, 129
ID +
.006
" or
OD
- .0
90"
16 G
A. C
RS
(.06
0")
101,
106
, 119
, 124
, 129
ID +
.020
" or
OD
- .1
00"
14 G
A. C
RS
(.07
5")
102,
107
, 118
, 125
, 130
ID +
.025
" or
OD
- .1
25"
12 G
A. C
RS
(.10
5")
127,
128
, 131
ID +
.023
" or
OD
- .1
87"
11 G
A. C
RS
(.12
0")
103,
108
, 113
, 116
, 126
, 132
ID +
.022
" or
OD
- .2
18"
10 G
A. H
RS
(.13
5")
103,
108
, 113
, 116
, 126
, 132
ID +
.045
" or
OD
- .2
25"
6 G
A. H
RS
(.18
7")
109
ID +
.029
" or
OD
- .3
45'
1/4
GA
. HR
S (.
250"
)11
0ID
+ .0
50"
or O
D -
.450
"
5 9
A: 2
4
60
Exa
mpl
e fr
om T
able
i soo
n
61B
: 25
62
Exa
mpl
e fr
om T
able
2,000-41
Mat,
I2ga1
CRS
Cut size calculation
using
outside (OS) dinensions
210
4,0
1,0 - (2 x 1107) =
Cut size calculation
using
inside (IS) dinensions
1.095
3,790
0,895
(2 x .023) =
B: 2
6
6364
MT
INSIDE
26 ga (.0179
.006
22 ga (.0299
.010
20 ga (.0359
.012
18 ga (.0478
.016
16 ga (.059)
.020
14 ga (.0747
.05
12 ga (.1046
.052
1/8
(.125)
.062
11 ga (.1192
.08.0
10 ga (.1345
8 ga (.1644
.082
3/16 (.1875
.094
1/4
(.2500
.125
Material
20 GA. CRS
16 GA
CRS
14 GA. CRS
12 GA. CRS
12 GA. CRS
10 GA. CRS
OUTSTDE
-
-.030
-.050
-.060
-.082
-.100
-.125
-.157
-.188
-.178
-.202
-.246
k-.281
I-.375
Prod. Set
100 or 105
101 or 106
102 or 107
103 or 108
104
103 or 108
=(.006
- .036)
Radius bend
=(.010
- .060)
R + 1/3 MT x 1.570
=1(.012
- .072)
21
(.016
- .098)
=(.020
- .120)
Outside R Bend
=(.025
- .150)
1 BA - 2R - 2141 =
A.e052
- .209)
=:.062
- .250)
Inside R Bend
=(.060
- .238)
1 BA - 2R =
=(.067
- .269)
=(.082
- .329)
R = Radius
*(.094
- .375)
BA - Bend Allowance
=(.125
- .500)
MT - Material Thickness
Air Bending
Difference
+ .015"/Bend
None
+ .007"/Bend
* .030"/Bend
None
+ .020"/Bend
(For Back Gauge Setting)
LVD Actual Bend Allowance
Flange QD - .035"
Flange OD - .050"
Flange OD - .060"
Flange OD - .095"
'
Flange OD - .080"
Flange OD - .115"
EXAMPLE:
A 10 GA. part which has two'bends to form a channel
will be 2 times .020" = .040" deviation with air bending.
This deviation can be either divided equally among
each
side or distributed differently to hold aclose tolerance
dimension.
(NOTE THE RES:-7S APPLY TO 900 BENDSJ--
C: 27
6566
MT
Insi
de+
Out
side .
26ga
( 9
179)
.006
-.03
0 =
(.00
6 -
.036
)
22ga
(.0
299)
.010
-.05
0 =
(.01
0 -
.060
)
20 g
a (.
0359
).0
12-.
060
=(.
012
- .0
72)
18ga
(.0
478)
.016
-.08
2 =
(.01
6 -
.098
)
16ga
(.0
59)
.020
-.10
0 =
(.02
0 -
.120
)
14ga
(.0
747)
.025
-.12
5 =
(.02
5 -
.150
)
12ga
(.1
046)
.052
-.15
7 =
(.05
2 -
.209
)
1/8
(.12
5).0
62-.
188
=(.
062
- .2
50)
11ga
(.1
192)
.060
-.17
8 =
(.06
0 -
.238
)
10ga
(.1
345)
.067
-.20
2 =
(.06
7 -
.269
)
8ga
(.16
44)
.082
-.24
6 =
(.08
2 -
.329
)
3/16
(.1
875)
.094
-.28
1 =
(.09
4 -
.375
)
1/4
(.25
00)
.125
-.37
5 =
(.12
5 -
.500
)
67C
: 28
68
Mat
eria
lPr
od.
Set
Air
Ben
ding
I
Dif
fere
nce
(For
bac
k ga
uge
setti
ng)
LVD
Act
ual B
end
Allo
wan
ce
20 G
A. C
RS
100
or 1
05+
.015
"/B
end
Flan
ge O
D -
.035
"
16 G
A. C
RS
101
or 1
06N
one
Flan
ge O
D -
.050
"
14 G
A. C
RS
102
or 1
07+
.007
"/B
end
Flan
ge O
D -
.060
"
12 G
A. C
RS
103
or 1
08+
.030
"/B
end
Flan
ge O
D -
.095
"
12 G
A. C
RS
104
Non
eFl
ange
OD
- .0
80"
10 G
A. C
RS
103
or 1
08+
.020
"/B
end
Flan
ge O
D -
.115
"
Exa
mpl
e: A
10
GA
par
twhi
ch h
as tw
o be
nds
to f
orm
a c
hann
el w
ill b
e 2
times
.020
" =
.040
" de
viat
ion
with
air
ben
ding
. Thi
s de
viat
ion
can
beei
ther
div
ided
equ
ally
am
ong
each
side
or
dist
ribu
ted
diff
eren
tly to
hol
d a
clos
e to
lera
nce
dim
ensi
on.
(Not
e th
e re
sults
app
ly to
90
degr
ee b
ends
) C: 2
9
6970
The
She
et M
etal
Dep
artm
ent h
as n
ewto
olin
g fo
r fo
rtn.
ng c
oppe
r bu
s ba
r. T
here
are
sepa
rate
upp
er a
nd lo
wer
die
s fo
r1/
4", 3
/8"
and
1/2"
rad
ius
and
thic
knes
s.Sa
mpl
es o
f ea
ch
mat
eria
l wer
e fo
rmed
to d
eter
min
e ac
tual
bend
allo
wan
ces.
Lis
ted
belo
w a
re th
ebe
nd
allo
wan
ces,
and
they
sho
uld
be u
sed
on a
llfo
rmed
cop
per
com
pone
nts.
Mat
eria
lB
end
Allo
wan
ce (
Per
Ben
d)
1/4"
Cop
per
OD
+ O
D -
.460
"
3/8"
Cop
per
OD
+ O
D -
.650
"
1/2"
Cop
per
OD
+O
D -
.875
"
Exa
mpl
e:C
ut s
ize
calc
ulat
ion
is 2
" +
3"
-.65
0=
.435
cut
leng
th
prp
7 1
D: 3
0
1/8
-.110
+.265
+.125 each bend
1/4
-.220
+.530
+.25 each bend
3/8
-.330
+.795
+.375 each bend
1/2
-.440
+1.060
+.500 each bend
E: 3
173
74