Do You Remember?

What element is this?

How many P, N, & E?

29

63.5

What do we call these types of atoms?

What type of bond?

What type of bond?

What type of bond?

Hint: these are water molecules)

What type of bond?

What do these have in common?

•Big Bang

•Fusion in stars

•Supernovas

Which list makes up 90+% WHOLE earth?

Iron 35-40%

Oxygen 25-30 %

Silicon 13-15%

Magnesium 10%

Oxygen 47%

Silicon 28 %

Aluminum 8%

Iron 5%

How do you know?

4 Characteristics of ALL Minerals

1.

2.

3.

4.

Mineral FamiliesYou can tell which family a

mineral belongs to by looking at its formula.

There are 9 families to learn:

1. Native elements • Minerals that are from 1 element

– Gold: Au– Copper: Cu– Silver: Ag– Carbon: C– Sulfur: S

2. Halides• Halogen Group.

• Halite: NaCl – salt, rock salt

• Fluorite: CaF2

3. Oxides• Minerals with oxygen

– Ice H20– Corundum Al2O3– Hematite (Fe2O3)– Magnetite (Fe3O4),

4. Sulfides• Minerals with sulfur; rotten egg smell

• Galena (PbS for lead used in pipes and bullets), • Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2, copper & iron ore AKA

fool’s gold)• Pyrrhotite (Fe4S)• Pyrite – Iron ore – cars, steel buildings (FeS2)• Sphalorite - ZnS• Bornite – Cu5FeS4 copper ore – pipes, wire

5. Carbonates• Minerals with Carbonate (C03)

• Calcite – (CaCO3), – very abundant• Dolomite – (CaMg(CO3)2) lime• Azurite - Cu3(CO3)2• Malachite – Cu2(CO3)( copper ore and

ornamental

6. Sulfates• Minerals with Sulfate S04

• gypsum (CaSO4 · 2H2O), – plaster of Paris, wall board

• barite (BaSO4)

7. Hydroxides• Minerals with a metal plus hydroxide

(OH-)• limonite (iron hydroxide) Fe40i(OH)2• bauxite (aluminum hydroxide) Al(OH)3

8. Phosphates• Minerals with a metal plus phosphate

(PO4)– Apatite - Ca5(PO4)3F

9. Silicates• Minerals with silicate tetrahedron SiO4• 90% of rock forming minerals• Not ores• Examples: Quartz (most common mineral) Opal, talc, mica, hornblende, topaz,

feldspar,olivine

Look for Si O in formulasKAlSi3O8, Al2SiO4, SiO2*H2O

Different Arrangements of SiO4