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Life depends on chemistry. When you eat food or inhale oxygen, your body uses these materials in chemical reactions that keep you alive. Just as buildings are made from bricks, steel, glass, and wood, living things are made from chemical compounds and elements. If the first task of an architect is to understand building materials, then the first task of a biologist is to understand chemistry. In our second chapter of science, we will be learning about the building materials that make up living things and the chemical reactions that maintain life.

The Chemistry of Life

Introduction to Chemistry

• ATOMS-

• ATOMS- the smallest unit of matter

– The smallest unit, or “part” or any “thing”

• ATOMS- the smallest unit of matter

– The smallest unit, or “part” of any “thing”

– “Atomos” – Greek for “unable to be cut”

• There are different types of atoms that make up different types of things.

Element• Different types of atoms make up different the

elements.

• Gold, silver, calcium, aluminum, oxygen, carbon, titanium, nitrogen, and potassium are all examples of elements.

• Each element is made from it’s own type of atom.

The Periodic Table of Elements

• An element is a pure substance made from 1 type of atom.

• Gold, an element, is made from 100% gold atoms

• Oxygen, an element, is made from 100% oxygen atoms.

• Most “things” are made from combinations of many different elements.

• Atoms can join together by bonding.

• A chemical bond is formed when 2 or more atoms join together.

• Atoms can join together in different ways

• When atoms join together, the number of atoms and the types of bonds that form determine the “chemical properties” of that substance.

• Compounds- When different types of atoms bond together

– When different elements join to together.

Plastic =

Plastic = Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Chlorine and Sulfur

Air=

Air= 78% NITROGEN22% OXYGEN

WATER =

WATER = HYDROGEN and OXYGEN

There are 3 elements that you must know.

•Carbon =

•Hydrogen = •Oxygen =

There are 3 elements that you must know.

•Carbon = C•Hydrogen = H•Oxygen = O

• There are 4 important molecules (compounds) that you must know and understand this year:

•Oxygen- •Carbon Dioxide-•Water- •Glucose-

• There are 4 important molecules (compounds) that you must know and understand this year:

•Oxygen- O2

•Carbon Dioxide- CO2

•Water- H2O

•Glucose- C6H12O6