Do not copy any notes in light

green lettering!

Macroscopic – what you can see with the naked eye

Microscopic – what you would see if you could see individual atoms

(for chemistry class only)

Physical States of Matter

VC – Solid, Liquid, Gas

Solids• Definite shape & volume• High density• Incompressible• Definite melting point• Particles vibrate in a fixed

position• Particles in an orderly

arrangement

VC – Properties of Solids

Liquids• Definite volume, variable

shape

• Relatively high density

• Relatively incompressible

• Ability to evaporate & boil

• Forms solids by freezing

• Particles are close together, but slide past each other

VC - Properties of Liquids

Gases• Variable shape and

volume

• Low densities

• Highly compressible

• Diffuse and effuse easily

• Particles are relatively far apart

• Particles move rapidly and randomly

VC – Property of Gases

Chemical

Any substance that has a definite composition

VC - Chemical

Chemical ReactionWhen one or more substances are changed into

different substances.• Reactants – substances you start with• Products – new substances formed in a

reaction

Signs of a Chemical Reaction• Release of gas (bubbles and/or odor)

• Solid forms (precipitate)

• Light or heat released

• Color change

Physical PropertyCharacteristic of a substance that does

not involve chemical change (can be seen, measured, or calculated)

Ex: color, density, shape…

VC – Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties

Chemical PropertyProperty that describes how a substance

reacts to other chemicals (only observable when two or more chemicals react together)

Ex: rusting…

VC – Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties

Pick an object in the classroom, describe as many physical and chemical properties of that object as you can. Write them down on paper with your names.

Pair Work

MatterAnything that has mass and volume

VC – Matter

Pure Substancescontains only one type of atom or molecule

Atom – smallest unit of an element

Element – a substance made of only one kind of atom

• Allotrope – different forms of the same element in the same physical state

Molecule – group of atoms stuck together; smallest unit of a compound; can be an element

Compound – substance made of 2 or more atoms of different elements stuck together; represented by formulas

VC – Compounds

Aspirin

Which one is an element, which one is a compound and how do you know?

Mixtures a blend of 2 or more pure substances; can be separated by physical means

Heterogeneous mixture – 2 or more substances in a mixture that are not uniformly distributed• sand and water

Homogeneous – 2 or more substances in a mixture that are uniformly distributed • sugar and water

Determine whether each of the following substances is a mixture or pure substance.

• If it is a mixture, classify it as homogeneous or

heterogeneous.• If it is a pure substance classify it as a element or

compound• Write down your answers with your names.

Diamond Lucky Charms Cereal 14 K Gold Ring

O2 pancake syrup NaCl

milk H2O Carbonated Pepsi

Cobalt gravel CO2