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DO IT YOURSELF
TIMETABLE
AND OTHER OPERATION
PAPERWORK
1
Author: Gary Evans
North Central Region, Division 3
Revision: May 05, 2014
Handout: Timetable from NoWhere Line
2
CREDITS
http://www.gatewaynmra.org/tto.htmTimetable and Train Order Operation, A PrimerRobert Amsler, NorthStar 99 NMRA National Convention
http://www.gatewaynmra.org/designops.htmDesigning Model Railroad Operations, same
http://www.nmra.org/education/achievement/ms-cdis1.htmlThe Masters Series, Chief Dispatcher
3
http://www.gatewaynmra.org/tto.htmhttp://www.gatewaynmra.org/designops.htmhttp://www.nmra.org/education/achievement/ms-cdis1.html
PRESENTATION OBJECTIVES
1) What is a timetable?
2) Why is a timetable?
3) What does a timetable convey / imply?
4) How does a timetable fit into the
NMRA Achievement Program
Chief Dispatcher certificate?
5) Would my layout benefit from a timetable?
4
TIMETABLE – DICTIONARY DEFINITION
A schedule listing the times at which certain
events, such as arrivals and departures at a
transportation station, are expected to take
place.
A list or table of events arranged according to
the time when they take place; schedule.
5
RAILROAD EMPLOYEE TIMETABLES
Employee timetables are issued for the
benefit of the railroad’s employees.
They detail the property and special rules of
the railroad’s operating divisions.
The following list gives examples of the type
of information found in them:
6
CONTENTS OF EMPLOYEE TIMETABLES
Stations, their numbers and equipment.
Sidings, yards, and their capacity.
Grade crossings and signals.
Spring switches and interlockings.
Radio frequencies.
Train speeds.
Doctors and surgeons.
Tonnage ratings.
Freight and passenger schedules.
Special operating rules.
7
TIMETABLE AND TRAIN ORDER OPERATION
TTO operation is a method of keeping trains
from having collisions and moving them
efficiently over the system.
People with different duties are involved in
this type of operation.
This is paperwork driven and many forms are
needed.
Everyone must know the rules.
8
TWO DISPATCHING METHODS
1. Separate trains by time.
2. Separate trains by distance.
TTO is within first category.
TTO can be overlaid with
automatic block signaling (ABS).
Signals indicate occupation and routing.
Signals do not authorize movement beyond
assigned territory.
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INITIAL CONSIDERATIONS
Look to your prototype for train dispatching
method you would like to use.
TTO was used on prototypes until 1970s.
TTO was not employed on heavily used
mainlines after invention of
centralized traffic control (CTC).
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POSITIONS INVOLVED
Dispatcher is responsible for making sure all trains are on schedule and then sending out train orders to adjust published schedule so that trains move as efficiently as possible.
Operator is responsible for receiving orders from dispatcher, setting approach signal, and transferring orders to conductor and engineer.
Conductor and Engineer are responsible for understanding orders and operating their train accordingly.
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TOOLS OF THE TRADE (1)
Timetable – all employees required to have timetable with them.
Operating Rulebook – hardbound book of general operating rules.
Train Register – book at designated stations logging what trains have passed.
Clearance Card – document authorizing train to operate.
Orders – instructions from the dispatcher. Form 19 – hooped up, radio, or phone; Form 31 – stop for signature.
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TOOLS OF THE TRADE (2)
Train Order Book – railroad’s journal for all
orders.
Train Sheet – large paper used by dispatcher
to keep track of where trains are on railroad.
The Clock – standard railroad time.
Turnover Sheet – information provided to next
dispatcher to assure continuity of orders.
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GENERAL RULES
Rules govern:
Superiority of Trains
Movement of Trains
Movement by Train Order
At this point, TTO discussions can dive into excruciating detail, such as how the dispatcher should fill out which form(s) to allow the Bull Frog Turn to leave the Ajax Siding and proceed to Corinthian Stone before the Alhambra Express (which is running 22 minutes late).
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RULES - SUPERIORITY OF TRAINS
Three rules govern all trains;
all other rules follow from these three.
1. A train is superior to another by right,
class, or direction.
Right conferred by Train Order;
Class and Direction by Timetable.
2. Trains of the first class are superior to those of
the second class, and so on for all classes.
3. Extra trains are inferior to regular trains.
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PROTOTYPE TIMETABLE BASICS
All railroads used Standard Code rules until mid 1980s. They then modified the rules to fit their needs, keeping numbers and concepts.
The schedule lists information per station and tower. Modern railroading has eliminated class and schedule timings.
Regular trains are identified by number, name, or symbol.
Schedules are in table format: Eastward (left side) reads down the page; Westward (right side) reads up.
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MODEL TIMETABLES
Prototype arrangement is difficult for model operators to quickly determine locations of meets and which trains are to be met.
Distance between stations is shorter; traffic density is much higher.
Best solution is to make single-train schedules. These list stops for the specific train and describe meets.
Simplification of prototype (within reason).
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MODEL SPEED RESTRICTIONS
For modelers, speed restrictions by train and route are most practical.
45 MPH for freight;
65 MPH for passenger;
25 MPH within yard limits;
15 MPH on branch.
Movements within yard limits are made without timetable or train orders; instead, are directed by yardmaster.
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REALISTIC OPERATION – SPEED
The first step to realistic operation is to slow down.
Use a yard stick and measure your speed.
(Incorporate “test mile” into your layout).
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Time to travel 3 feet at scale speed
Prototype
Speed N HO O
5 mph 65 sec 36 sec 19 sec
15 mph 22 sec 12 sec 6.5 sec
25 mph 13 sec 7 sec 3.5 sec
60 mph 5.5 sec 3 sec 1.5 sec
90 mph 3.5 sec 2 sec 1 sec
NMRA ACHIEVEMENT PROGRAM
CHIEF DISPATCHER
1. Participate in operation of model railroad in three of five roles – Engineer, Yardmaster, Hostler, Towerman, Dispatcher.
2. a - Prepare schematic drawing of layout; b - Develop appropriate timetable; c - Develop train chart; d - Develop or adapt operation system.
3. Submit Statement of Qualifications. Appropriate slides contain these numbers.
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DO IT YOURSELF –
LET’S BUILD A TIMETABLE
Transform your model railroad into
a real rail transportation system –
“Linearization”.
Design concept establishes location,
era, towns served, connecting lines,
and traffic patterns.
Concept needs to match the model.
Example layout is the NoWhere Line.
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BELIEVABLE CONCEPT
BNSF Transcon or Decatur Branch?
This qualifies as a Chief Dispatcher layout.
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SUMMARY OF THE NOWHERE LINE
The NoWhere Line (working to be NearSomeplace) is an HO switching layout in a 13 x 17 basement room.
The double- and single-track main line serves a generic Midwest region. It runs from Loop on the West (think Chicago loop) to Tunnel on the East (think Appalachian Mountains).
Because of pass-through and originating / terminating traffic, the most intensive switching occurs at Bigburg.
Smallville is compact and busy.
The town of Branch hosts the passenger operations in the form of the Hungry Hobo museum trains.
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2.A - PREPARE SCHEMATIC DRAWING
24
Locations
are
named.
Track
capacities
are shown
(50-foot
units).
Direction
of travel
is shown.
THE TRACK PLAN UNFOLDED – “LINEAR”
It can be a continuous run for open house display.
Operationally, trains
run out from and back to
fiddle yard at Loop.
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• The sequence of stations becomes more apparent.
DEVELOP SEQUENCE LIST
List contains named
locations on layout
as encountered by
trains.
Represent every
possible route being
considered for
operation.
26
Loop
Bigburg
Midland
Track 1 Track 2
Wye
Smallville
Interchange
Slope
Reverse
Tunnel
Tunnel
Branch
DEVELOP SEQUENCE TIMETABLE
1. To the Sequence List, add columns for individual trains.
2. In each column, use a line to show where it originates, turns, sets out blocks of cars, switches, and terminates.
3. This is not concerned with time-based scheduling, only what trains are running where.
4. Write an instruction card for each train describing its action and route.
5. Arrange train instruction cards in the order in which trains will run.
Practice with sequence timetable; add lower class trains; do not hesitate to rework sequence timetable if it does not support your concept.
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TRAIN INSTRUCTION CARDS
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Train: Hungry Hobo
Local (HHL)
Originates: Branch
Terminates: Branch
Blocking: CB&Q Gondola
Note: Steam operation subject to
management directive.
Note: Engine pushes train out of Branch.
Routing:
Load at Hays Depot.
Check availability of track to PSC.
Leave Branch; go past PSC siding but
do NOT go down helix.
Return from PSC; arrive Branch.
Unload at Hays Depot.
Note – Clear yard lead when at Depot.
Maintain speed to clear branch track.
Store gondola at far end of Commissary
dock. Store Climax in engine pocket.
#8 of 16
Train: Upper Branch (UB)
Originates: Bigburg, eastbound
Terminates: Bigburg
Blocking: #1 – 2bFir
#2 – Ramp
#3 – ITool
#4 – ChemCo
#5 – Coop
Routing:
Leave Bigburg east; depart Midland on
Track 1; pass through Smallville; pass
through Tunnel; at Summit, take Branch
track; arrive Branch; do yard switching.
Note: Do not store cars on run-around
tracks; other trains may be operating in
the area. Return track switches to
normal positions.
Depart Branch; pass through Tunnel;
arrive Smallville and set out cars; depart
Smallville; halt at Midland; arrive
Bigburg as directed.
#12 of 16
MEASURE THE LAYOUT
Physical measurement is easy.
Operational measurement is in terms of time.
How long does it take train to move from Point A to Point B with no other traffic?
How long does it take to accomplish switching and station stops?
How much time should be allowed for meets and operator comfort?
Time measurement is in terms of physical wall clock time, not fast clock.
29
SELECTIVE COMPRESSION
Distances on layouts are highly compressed.
Switching moves take a certain amount of
time, regardless of speed of layout clock.
Strongly suggest using normal clock speed
at first until sequence is firmly established.
Then, fast clock time can be applied to
mainline movements.
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2. B - DEVELOP OPERATION TIMETABLE
Sequence timetable is converted to time-based train schedule based on experience.
Manual (graphical) technique:
Time is plotted against distance.
Stations are fixed locations on the distance axis.
Trains are represented as lines.
Meets occur where lines intersect.
Line slopes correspond to speed.
Use scheduling software.
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GRAPHICAL TRAIN CHART (SAMPLE)
Train chart is visual display of all scheduled rail activity in the part of the railroad covered by the dispatcher.
Slope represents train speed.
The circle is a meet.
32
ADDITIONAL GUIDELINES
Times shown on timetables are usually
departures, except for time at last stop.
Meets and passes are indicated by
times in bold type.
Timetable is great place to list special
instructions for operators, how to use
control panels, and hand signals or
other communications protocols.
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Description of NoWhere Line Trains Symbol Name Summary
BB Bigburg Local Yard & local switching
CR Coal Run Mainline & branch
FE Freight East Mainline & yard
FER -Run-through Mainline (no switching)
FW Freight West Mainline & yard
FWR -Run-through Mainline (no switching)
--- Hungry Hobo Excursion service
HHB Bigburg (diesel)
HHL Local (steam)
HHS Smallville (diesel)
SV Smallville Local Yard & local switching
TS Timesaver Local Switching & staging
UB Upper Branch Branch line freight
UI Upper Industrial Yard & local switching
WW W-W Local Local turn
--- Yard Transfer Mainline transfer
YTB Bigburg & local switching
YTS Smallville
Scheduled Trains:
Trains CR, FE, FW, HHB, and HHS operate as
authorized on the timetable.
All other trains operate as extras (lower class).
Tracks must be clear of non-authorized trains and
equipment 5 minutes in advance of the time stated
in the timetable.
Eastward trains are superior to westward trains of
the same class.
The railroad clock starts at 12:00 and runs at
wall-clock rate (1:1 ratio).
Train Authorization:
Each train running on the railroad must carry a train
routing card with it. Routing cards are obtained at
the point of origin. Upon termination, return the
card to the point of origin for reuse.
Suggestion: Study the route described on the card
before operating the train.
Additional trains might be authorized verbally
during the session.
General Instructions:
Dispatching is informal (verbal).
At junctions and train meets, coordinate with other crews.
Obtain clearance from the Dispatcher to operate on the
railroad.
Obtain clearance from the appropriate yardmaster to
operate within the yard limits.
The maximum mainline train length is 5 50-foot units,
unless arrangements have been made with the Dispatcher.
Longer trains will not fit into passing areas.
East is to the right when facing the railroad.
In double track locations, track 1 is always nearer the front.
After passage, return track switches to their normal position.
All operating trackside signals indicate track position;
some indicate occupation.
Red = Stop; Green = proceed with caution.
At Branch, do not store cars on the main and run-around
tracks; other (scheduled) trains may be operating there.
At Branch, the main track handles 4 cars for run-around
moves.
The throttles are Digitrax UT1 and UT4; instructions are
on the backs of the throttles.
Traffic Generation:
Car movement is authorized by its car card.
There is a waybill for each car spotting location; it is not
possible to overload a location.
When a car is spotted, place its card facing the layout.
Waybills can be recycled to generate traffic.
All empties should make their way to Loop.
Traffic Frequency:
FE & FW – run a sweep every 45 minutes.
HHB,HHL,HHS – each runs once (or as needed).
CR – runs once.
WW – runs as needed.
YTB & YTS – run as determined by traffic.
UB – may have to run frequently depending
on the traffic for the branch line.
The NW Line
The NoWhere Line working to be
NearSomeplace
Time Table No. 12
In Effect October 7, 2009
For the government and
information of
employees only.
Railroad Standard Time
35
Scheduled Train Departure Times 0:00 0:15 0:30 0:45 1:00 1:15 1:30 1:45 2:00 2:15 2:30 2:45 3:00
Origin Loop Loop Branch Loop Staging Branch Loop
Freight FE-1 FE-2 FE-3 FE-4
Freight CR
Passenger HHS HHB
Scheduled Freight Service Passenger Service Eastward Read Down Westward Read Up Eastward Westward
FE
-1
FE
-2
FE
-3
CR
FE
-4
FW
-1
FW
-2
FW
-3
CR
FW
-4
HH
S
HH
B
HH
S
HH
B
0:15 1:00 1:45 2:30 0:30 1:15 2:00 2:45 Loop 2:20 2:19
Triple
0:16 1:01 1:46 2:00 2:31 0:28 1:13 1:58 --- 2:43 BigBurg 2:20 2:19
Crossover
East Switch
0:19 1:04 1:49 2:01 2:34 0:27 1:12 1:57 --- 2:42 Midland 2:21 2:19
West Switch
Meet East Switch
Track 1 Track 2
|| Wye || 1:19 1:19
0:24 1:09 1:54 --- 2:39 Smallville || 1:20 2:23 2:18
Meet West Switch || Meet
2:23 East Switch ||
Interchange ||
0:20 1:05 1:50 2:02 2:35 || Slope
|| West Switch
2:02 || Reverse Middle Switch 1:18
|| East Switch
|| ||
|| Summit Switch
0:21 1:06 1:51 2:03 2:36 0:23 1:08 1:53 2:22 2:38 Tunnel Tunnel 1:21 2:24 1:17 2:17
||
Summit Switch
Helix
2:10 2:20 Branch 1:23 2:26 1:15 2:15
2.C - DEVELOP OPERATING TRAIN CHART
36
Train Checklist for Smallville Switch Team, Freight, & Interchange as needed
Time Train W/E Action
--- UB-1 >> pass
0:24 FW-1 > Terminate
1:09 FW-2 pass (on local)
1:25 WW-2 > pass
1:54 FW-3 Terminate
--- CR >> pass / setout?
2:10 YTB
2.D - DEVELOP OR ADAPT OPERATION SYSTEM
Car Forwarding System is topic for another
clinic (in order of complexity)
Tab / tack on car
Wheel report
Basic switch list
Preset car card
Car card and waybill
Computer generated manifests / switch lists
38
DO YOU NEED CAR FORWARDING SYSTEM?
Depends on complexity of layout,
number of cars, number of car types,
number of industries, and your interest.
Any system provides some simulation of
load delivery and pickup.
Does following layout need a car system?
(In this case, each block of cars can carry a
different grade of product.)
39
40
Lambert’s Point,
Norfolk, VA
CREDITS
http://www.gatewaynmra.org/tto.htmTimetable and Train Order Operation, A PrimerRobert Amsler, NorthStar 99 NMRA National Convention
http://www.gatewaynmra.org/designops.htmDesigning Model Railroad Operations, same
http://www.nmra.org/education/achievement/ms-cdis1.htmlThe Masters Series, Chief Dispatcher
41
http://www.gatewaynmra.org/tto.htmhttp://www.gatewaynmra.org/designops.htmhttp://www.nmra.org/education/achievement/ms-cdis1.html
PRESENTATION OBJECTIVES
1) What a timetable is.
2) Why a timetable exists.
3) What a timetable conveys / implies.
4) How a timetable fits into the
NMRA Achievement Program
Chief Dispatcher certificate.
5) Would my layout benefit from a timetable?
-- Provide your own answer --
42
This presentation is available on the
NMRA North Central Region (NCR)
Division 3 Library web page –
http://div3.ncr-nmra.org/library
43
http://div3.ncr-nmra.org/library
DISCUSSION
OPerations Special Interest Group
Where can I get prototype timetables?
“Ebay, of course” – “Maybe not”
Your questions / comments
44