DNVGL-SE-0473 Certification of sites and projects for ... · for geological storage of CO2 at key milestones in the life cycle of geological storage projects. The scope of verification

The electronic pdf version of this document, available free of chargefrom http://www.dnvgl.com, is the officially binding version.

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SERVICE SPECIFICATION

DNVGL-SE-0473 Edition October 2017

Certification of sites and projects forgeological storage of carbon dioxide

FOREWORD

DNV GL service specifications contain procedural requirements for obtaining and retainingcertificates and other conformity statements to the objects, personnel, organisations and/oroperations in question.

© DNV GL AS October 2017

Any comments may be sent by e-mail to [email protected]

This service document has been prepared based on available knowledge, technology and/or information at the time of issuance of thisdocument. The use of this document by others than DNV GL is at the user's sole risk. DNV GL does not accept any liability or responsibilityfor loss or damages resulting from any use of this document.

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Service specification — DNVGL-SE-0473. Edition October 2017 Page 3Certification of sites and projects for geological storage of carbon dioxide

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CONTENTS

Changes – current.................................................................................................. 3

Section 1 General.................................................................................................. 51.1 Introduction......................................................................................51.2 Objective...........................................................................................51.3 Scope................................................................................................ 51.4 Application........................................................................................61.5 References........................................................................................ 61.6 Definitions.........................................................................................6

Section 2 Qualification of storage projects............................................................. 72.1 General............................................................................................. 72.2 Project stages and milestones..........................................................7

Section 3 Certification service requirements.........................................................103.1 General........................................................................................... 103.2 Scope of verification....................................................................... 103.3 DNV GL verification process........................................................... 253.4 Certification service deliverables.................................................... 263.5 Required fields of expertise............................................................27

Appendix A Certificate document examples.......................................................... 29A.1 Certificate of conformity - site feasibility....................................... 29A.2 Certificate of conformity - site endorsement.................................. 30A.3 Certificate of conformity - storage site...........................................31A.4 Certificate of conformity - site development...................................32A.5 Certificate of conformity - site operations...................................... 33A.6 Certificate of conformity - site closure........................................... 34

Changes – historic................................................................................................35


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SECTION 1 GENERAL

1.1 IntroductionThe standard ISO 27914:2017 - Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage - Geologicalstorage (hereafter referred to by ISO 27914) establishes requirements and recommendations for the safeand effective storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) in subsurface geologic formations. The standard applies toinjection of CO2 into geologic units for the sole purpose of storage and does not apply to CO2 injection forhydrocarbon recovery, or storage of CO2 that occurs in association with CO2 enhanced hydrocarbon recovery.This service specification aims to support the use of ISO 27914 for verification of geological storage sites andprojects.A key intent of ISO 27914 is to harmonize implementation of geological storage in compliance withregulations, international standards and directives while avoiding documentation and reporting requirementsthat can incur project delays and additional expense. The standard is broadly aligned with applicable nationaland international regulations and directives, and is expected to serve as a key reference document for projectoperators, regulators and stakeholders involved in the development, management or permitting of geologicalstorage projects.

Guidance note:Geological storage is defined in ISO 27914 as long-term containment of CO2 streams in subsurface geological formations. Long-term means the minimum period necessary for CO2 geological storage to be considered an effective and environmentally safeclimate change mitigation option.

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1.2 ObjectiveThe objective of this service specification is to provide a framework for certification of sites and projectsfor geological storage of CO2 at key milestones in the life cycle of geological storage projects. The scope ofverification for all certificates offered under this service specification is based on ISO 27914.

Note:Text in [3.2] is derived from ISO 27914:2017 Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage -- Geological storageand has been reproduced by DNV GL under licence from Standard Online AS 10/2017. © All rights are reserved. Text may havebeen amended from the original form for stylistic purposes, but with no intent to change the meaning of the original ISO text.Standard Online makes no guarantees or warranties as to the correctness of the reproduction. In any case of dispute, the ISOoriginal shall be taken as authoritative. See www.standard.no

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1.3 ScopeThis service specification describes DNV GL's services related to verification of conformity with ISO 27914 atkey milestones in the life cycle of a geological storage project.This document consists of three sections and one appendix:

— This section - Introduction – objective and scope of the document, target applications and users, and keyreferences and definitions.

— Sec.2 Qualification of storage projects – relationship between storage project life cycle and the certificatesoffered under this document.

— Sec.3 Certification service requirements – verification activities and deliverables related to the certificationprocesses guided by this document.

— App.A Certificate document examples.

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1.4 ApplicationThis document applies to verification of conformity with ISO 27914 at key milestones in the life cycle ofgeological storage projects. Such verification may be commissioned by project operator, regulatory entity,public or private funding partner, or other stakeholders. The verification process for the certificates describedin this document can be managed by any entity, but only DNV GL may issue the corresponding DNV GLcertificates, and may only do so if the verification process is led and managed by DNV GL.

1.5 ReferencesISO 27914:2017 - Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage - Geological storage.

1.6 Definitions

1.6.1 GeneralThis document adopts the terms and definitions of ISO 27914, Clause 3.

1.6.2 Verbal formsTable 1-1 Definitions of verbal forms

Term Definition

shall verbal form used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order toconform to the document

should verbal form used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommendedas particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others, or that a certaincourse of action is preferred but not necessarily required

may verbal form used to indicate a course of action permissible within the limits of thedocument

Note:To qualify for the certificates offered under this service specification, a project operator is required to defend why deviations, if any,from recommendations (should statements) in ISO 27914 do not infringe on project objectives.

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SECTION 2 QUALIFICATION OF STORAGE PROJECTS

2.1 GeneralThis section describes the relationship between a generic storage project life cycle and the certificates offeredunder this service specification. The certificates are designed to align with generic project milestones in ageneric capital value process for developing and qualifying storage projects. The term qualification refershere to systematic planning and execution of activities aimed at progressing a storage project from onemilestone to the next.The generic milestones 2, 4, 5 and 7 in Figure 2-1 broadly align with typical associated regulatory approvals,shown in Figure 2-1 as a corresponding permit. It should be noted, however, that required permits and therights granted by these permits differ across jurisdictions and can differ from those shown in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1 Life cycle diagram for storage projects showing generic milestones (diamonds) andassociated generic permits (stars). The certificates described in this service specification and thecorresponding clauses in ISO 27914 are shown below the relevant project stages.

Guidance note:Two certificates -- certificate of conformity - site endorsement and certificate of conformity - site operations -- do not align withcommon regulatory approvals. The former of these certificates can be relevant for projects where multiple entities are involved inthe investment decision, as well as, for instance, for sites that are intended to be put out for auction. The latter certificate servesprimarily to verify safe and effective operations while operating. This certificate, which is not linked to a decision to move to thenext stage, can be used to support permit renewal applications. The certificate is perhaps particularly relevant for projects that aresubject to external scrutiny, e.g., as a result of public concern or anomalous observations.


2.2 Project stages and milestones

2.2.1 GeneralThis section provides a description of the project life cycle stages of a storage project, and the milestonesfollowing each stage as shown in Figure 2-1.


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2.2.2 Screen and select2.2.2.1 PurposeThe purpose of site screening and selection is to perform an initial evaluation of the suitability of geologicallystoring CO2 at the regional or sub-regional scale by identifying, assessing, and possibly comparing candidatestorage formations or sites, and eliminating sites that are unsuitable for storage.The scope of site screening and selection is expected to vary between regions depending on the quality andquantity of existing data.

2.2.2.2 OutputThe output from site screening and selection should be a list of prospective storage sites that fulfil theoperator’s site selection requirements and associated recommendations in ISO 27914.

2.2.2.3 DecisionCommit budget and resources for site characterization and apply for exploration permit or equivalent, ifrelevant.

2.2.3 Qualify site2.2.3.1 PurposeThe purpose of this stage of the storage project is to appraise prospective storage sites in detail and developa well engineering concept that can deliver the required volumes of CO2 at required rates.Site characterization refers to the process of evaluating one or more prospective sites identified in the sitescreening and selection stage to confirm storage complex integrity, refine storage capacity and injectivityestimates, and provide basic data for initial predictive modelling of fluid flow, geochemical reactions,geomechanical effects, risk assessment, and monitoring and verification program design.

2.2.3.2 OutputSite characterization aims to provide an operator with enough technical information to:

— support an investment decision for prospective sites, and— compile a robust storage permit application.

2.2.3.3 DecisionCommit budget and resources for storage permit application process and public engagement activities.

2.2.4 Permit application2.2.4.1 PurposeThe purpose of the permitting stage is to compile the necessary information to support a successfulapplication for a storage permit for the storage site.The storage permit allows project operator to initiate development of storage site infrastructure and grantsthe project operator exclusive rights to use a delineated storage complex for geological storage.

2.2.4.2 OutputThe storage permit application should include the following components:

— a storage site characterization report— an operations and maintenance plan— a risk management plan— a monitoring and verification plan— a plan for public and stakeholder engagement


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— a storage facility design plan— a provisional site closure plan.

2.2.4.3 DecisionApply for storage permit, and, if successful, commit budget and resources for site development andoperations.

2.2.5 Design and develop2.2.5.1 PurposeThe purpose of this stage is to design and construct the storage facility and required project wells, andfinalise the operations and maintenance plan.

2.2.5.2 Output

— Design and construction of storage facility and wells.— Operations and maintenance plan.

2.2.5.3 DecisionApply for an injection permit, if relevant, and mobilize resources for site operations.

2.2.6 Operate2.2.6.1 PurposeThe purpose of storage site CO2 injection operations is to inject CO2 into the storage unit at the requiredrate over the planned duration of the storage project to store the project’s target mass of CO2 in a safe andefficient manner.

2.2.6.2 Output

— Records of storage facility and well operations.— Documentation of CO2 delivered to the storage site and CO2 injected and stored.— Documentation of wellbore integrity in compliance with applicable regulations.— Closure plan.

2.2.6.3 DecisionContinuation or cessation of CO2 injection.

2.2.7 Close2.2.7.1 PurposeThe purpose of this stage is to establish, with a high degree of confidence, that injected CO2 will be retainedwithin the storage complex, and that risk associated with the storage site is acceptable. This shall be done byexecuting the closure plan and demonstrating that the criteria for site closure listed in 10.2 of ISO 27914 aremet.

2.2.7.2 OutputReports, results, and other data that form the basis for the site closure qualification.

2.2.7.3 DecisionPlug and abandon all unplugged project wells (unless otherwise directed by the regulatory authority) andremove facilities and equipment associated with the storage project that are not integral to other operationsor intended for different uses. Apply for site closure and transfer of responsibility to designated authority, ifapplicable.


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SECTION 3 CERTIFICATION SERVICE REQUIREMENTS

3.1 General

3.1.1 Overview of certification servicesThis section describes DNV GL's services within certification of sites and projects for geological storage ofCO2. The certificates offered by this service specification are:

— Certificate of conformity - site feasibility— Certificate of conformity - site endorsement— Certificate of conformity - storage site— Certificate of conformity - site development— Certificate of conformity - site operations— Certificate of conformity - site closure.

The scope of verification for these certificates consists of all requirements and recommendations in ISO27914 that are relevant for the associated project stages shown in Figure 2-1.

Guidance note:While the certificates offered by this service specification follow the natural progression of storage project, they are offered asindependent certificates. This implies that a project can request verification for any of the certificates above without havingperformed verification for the preceding certificates. It should be noted, however, that issuance of the certificate of conformity- storage site implies that the criteria for certificate of conformity - site endorsement have been met and verified. Thus, if acertificate of conformity - site endorsement has not been issued to the project, then the criteria for this certificate will need to beverified as part of the verification process for certificate of conformity - storage site.


Guidance note:DNV GL can also provide verification against a scope determined by the customer. The scope of the verification may be parts ofISO 27914, other standards or internal procedures provided by the client.


3.1.2 OutlineThis section is organized as follows:

— Certification requirements are provided in [3.2].— The verification process is described in [3.3].— The certification service deliverables are described in [3.4].— The expertise required for evaluation of the respective certification requirements is described in [3.5].

3.2 Scope of verification

3.2.1 Certificate of conformity - site feasibility

3.2.1.1 DNV GL may issue a certificate of conformity - site feasibility after verifying conformity with thecriteria in Table 3-1.


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Table 3-1 Criteria for issuance of certificate of conformity - site feasibility

Clause inISO 27914 Criteria description

5.2 The characteristics listed in 5.2 a and b have been evaluated. Sites that do not possess any of theseundesirable characteristics are candidate storage sites.

5.3 Screening basis is documented, i.e., the project specific requirements that candidate sites should fulfil toqualify for further characterization. The screening basis includes consideration of all characteristics listed in5.3 a and b. All screening basis requirements have been evaluated using sound scientific approaches.

5.2-5.3 Candidate storage sites that conform with the screening basis requirements are listed as prospectivestorage sites that are qualified for further characterization.

3.2.1.2 The project operator’s screening report forms the documented basis for verification.

3.2.1.3 By issuing a certificate of conformity - site feasibility DNV GL considers that the identifiedprospective storage site(s) are conceptually feasible and thereby suited for further qualification according toISO 27914.

Guidance note:A storage site at an early stage of development is considered conceptually feasible if the main challenges have been identifiedand judged to be resolvable by use of sound engineering practice. Further site characterization is, however, required to establishthe necessary confidence that the storage site has the required characteristics to allow safe and effective geological storage.Consequently, there will be a possibility that a conceptually feasible storage site will be determined unsuitable for geologicalstorage in accordance with ISO 27914.


3.2.2 Certificate of conformity - site endorsement

3.2.2.1 DNV GL may issue a certificate of conformity - site endorsement for a specified storage site afterverifying conformity with all criteria in Table 3-2.

Table 3-2 Criteria that shall be met to qualify for certificate of conformity - site endorsement


4.1.2 b,4.1.3, 4.3and 4.6.1

Written statement of the storage project’s principles, values and objectives. This statement iscommunicated throughout the project organization, to project stakeholders, and to regulatory authorities.The statement expresses commitment to the principles listed in 4.3.2 a-e, 4.3.3 a-d and 4.3.4 a-e.

Project stakeholders are identified and an initial stakeholder engagement plan is developed.

5.4.2 Geological and hydrogeological characterization of the storage unit to estimate capacity and injectivity andto manage risk.

5.4.3.1 Characterization of the primary seal provides confidence in the sealing capacity of the primary seal.

5.4.3.2 Evaluation of the presence of secondary barriers to CO2 leakage.

5.4.3.3 Characterization of shallow aquifers used for water resources, of the vadose zone and soil, and of thesurface.

5.4.4 Geochemical characterization of the composition of the CO2 stream proposed for injection and of the fluidsin the storage unit, and mineralogy of the rocks in the storage unit, in the primary seal and in the mostproximate permeable units immediately overlying the storage unit and primary seal.


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5.4.5 Geomechanical characterization of the storage unit, the primary seal, and of the overburden.

5.4.6,7.6.2, and7.8.2

Characterization of the legacy wells within the area of review that could affect containment based on allavailable records to determine their history, how the wells were plugged, and whether the method ofplugging ensures isolation of potential CO2 storage units.

Risk assessment of legacy wells with inadequate abandonment records or inadequate isolation of potentialCO2 storage units with respect to their intended function for the storage project.

5.5.1 Numerical modelling based on in-situ geological, hydrodynamic, geochemical, geothermal, andgeomechanical conditions to understand, predict, and communicate the fate and potential impacts of theinjected CO2 stream and corresponding pressure increase.

Documentation of modelling objectives, with a focus on modelling outcomes and performance goals.

5.5.2.1 and5.5.2.2

Geological models that:

— depict the storage complex, and all other relevant units in the sedimentary succession, and their flow,mineralogical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics

— contain sufficient detail to enable prediction and description of the performance of the storage complexover time, and

— describe the key geological, hydrogeological, geothermal, and geomechanical features of the storageunit and primary seal.

5.5.3.1 Modelling of flow of CO2 and other fluids present in the storage complex to predict the subsurfacemovement of stored CO2 and assess storage capacity, injectivity, and risk arising from CO2 injectionactivities.

5.5.4.1 Evaluation of possible geochemical reactions among the injected CO2 stream, wells, and the rocks andfluids of the storage unit and primary seal.

5.5.4.3.3 Life cycle monitoring and remediation plan for wells with mechanical defects.

5.5.5.1 Geomechanical modelling in a risk management context to predict the potential for and effects of stresschanges, deformations and induced seismicity resulting from the planned CO2 injection.

6.1 and6.9.2.1

Responsibility for risk management resides with project operator.

A structured and systematic process for risk management is implemented. Documentation of the processfor risk management is transparent and traceable.

6.5 and6.9.2.2

Appropriate elements of concern for the project are defined. These include human health and safety, theenvironment, and system performance (e.g., injectivity, capacity, containment, and service reliability).

Risk evaluation criteria for each element of concern are established and documented. These are tailoredto the scope and objectives of the storage project, and serve to distinguish between acceptable, tolerableand unacceptable risk for each element of concern. Regulatory authorities have been consulted whenestablishing risk evaluation criteria for elements of concern relevant for regulatory approvals.

6.6 and 6.2 Project risk management plan is developed specifically for the storage project and designed to achieveall the objectives listed in 6.2 a-e. The project risk management plan is reviewed and approved by theindividual(s) responsible for the storage project within the project operator organization.

6.7.2.1 and6.7.2.2

A comprehensive process for risk identification has been executed. Measures taken to ensure that theprocess for risk identification has been adequately comprehensive are documented. The process for riskidentification comprises the activities listed in 6.7.2.2 a-e.

6.7.3.1 and6.7.3.2

The risk analysis is based on best available knowledge and scientific reasoning, and provides technicallydefensible estimates of the likelihood and severity of potential consequences for each risk scenario. Therisk analysis process includes all elements listed in 6.7.3.2 a-i.


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6.7.4.1 and6.7.4.2

Sources of bias in the risk evaluation are identified and minimized. Quantification of likelihood andconsequences is based on scientific reasoning or auditable statistics and/or calculations (when sufficientrelevant data is available), or on the documented judgment of experts who are qualified in terms ofapplicable professional expertise and project knowledge. Risk evaluation includes evaluation of all elementslisted in 6.7.4.2 a-e.

6.8 A risk treatment plan is established for each identified risk scenario that has not been eliminated fromfurther evaluation. These plans are designed to ensure that risk is reduced to and maintained at anacceptable level.

6.9.2.3.1 The results of risk assessments are recorded in a project risk register. This is done in a consistent mannerso that risk assessments are comparable over time. For each recorded risk scenario, the risk registerincludes the information listed in 6.9.2.3.1 a-g.

6.9.2.3.2 If different methodologies for risk assessment have been applied, the results of updated assessments arecompared to the most recent assessment. If the results of an updated risk assessment deviate significantlyfrom the prior assessment, the reasons for the differences are documented.

7.3.3.2 Design, planning and drilling of wells adheres to stated project objectives and minimizes impact on anyprotected groundwater zones or other identified resources.

Location, storage complex characteristics, and material requirements specific to the intended well functionat the storage site is evaluated in the design of all new wells.

The drilling and cementing plan includes consideration of the factors listed in 7.3.3.2 a-d.

Injectivity, permeability, and porosity of the storage unit is evaluated in the design of CO2 injection wells toavoid excessive subsurface pressure interference and to ensure acceptance of anticipated volume of CO2.

Well spacing, connectivity within storage unit, and surface facility requirements for treatment or re-injection of produced formation fluids are evaluated in the design of any pressure management wells.

The design of monitoring wells supports the specified monitoring purpose and measurement objectives,including longevity and access for remediation or modification.

7.5.4 All components of the injection stream (i.e. the CO2 and minor constituents) are compatible with theexisting storage unit environment so that the formation near the wellbore and the well components will notbe damaged by injectate-storage unit interactions.

8.2.3.2 Evaluation of the hydraulic, geochemical, and geomechanical characteristics of the storage unit(s) andprimary seal(s) to establish constraints and limitations specific to CO2 injection operations. The informationlisted in 8.2.3.2 a-e is acquired and evaluated in the design of the injection operation.

8.2.4.1 The location and number of CO2 injection wells required to achieve the target rate and mass of CO2injection.

8.2.4.2 Specification of CO2 stream composition and the expected ranges of pressure, temperature and flow rate atthe CO2 receiving facility.

9.2.2 Identification of site-specific field data to be acquired to establish pre-injection conditions to support futureperformance assessment of the storage project.

9.2.1, 9.3,9.4.1 and9.4.2

Monitoring and Verification (M&V) plan developed specifically for the planned storage project and designedto achieve all the objectives listed in 9.3 a-i. The M&V plan comprises descriptions of all items listed in9.4.1 a-f and is based on the expected subsurface distribution of CO2, expected distribution of pressure inand adjacent to the storage complex throughout the project, and elements of concern applied for projectspecific risk assessments.

M&V plan will be updated as appropriate to reflect changes in storage or injection conditions and relevantscientific understanding and available technology.


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3.2.2.2 The project operator shall also determine conformity with the recommendations in Table 3-3.

Table 3-3 Criteria that should be met to qualify for certificate of conformity - site endorsement


5.4.1 Plan for characterization of site(s) and for collection of data needed for modelling and risk assessment.

5.4.2 The geological and hydrogeological characterization comprise all activities listed in 5.4.2 a-h.

5.4.3.1 The characterization of the primary seal comprises all activities listed in 5.4.3 a-e.

5.4.4 The geochemical characterization comprises all activities listed in 5.4.4 a-d.

5.4.5 The geomechanical characterization comprises all activities listed in 5.4.5 a-d.

5.4.6 and7.6.2

The well characterization comprises all activities listed in 7.6.2 a-g.

5.5.2 Specification of the up-scaling methodology used in developing the geological models.

5.5.2.2 The geological models describe the key geological, hydrogeological, geothermal, and geomechanicalfeatures of geological units other than the storage unit and primary seal, as appropriate.

The geological models comprise descriptions of all characteristics listed in 5.5.2.2 a-l.

5.5.3.1 Flow modelling comprises all activities listed in 5.5.3.1 a-i.

5.5.3.2 Parameters used in flow modelling comprise all those listed in 5.5.3.2 a-c.

5.5.3.3 Flow modelling results provide information needed for risk assessment, operations design, and monitoring.Outcomes of flow modelling provide information related to all items listed in 5.5.3.3 a-j.

5.5.4.1 Geochemical modelling comprises all activities listed in 5.5.4.1 a-e. Evaluation of the need for additionalmodelling of geochemical changes, including potential mobilization of environmentally significant metals, inthe geosphere and/or biosphere based on risk assessment.

5.5.4.2 Parameters used in geochemical modelling comprise all those listed in 5.5.4.2 a-c.

5.5.4.3.1 Outcomes of geochemical modelling provide information related to items listed in 5.5.4.3 a-e.

5.5.4.3.2 Results of geochemical modelling demonstrate the presence or absence of changes to original mineralogyof the primary seal and fluid and flow properties over short- and long-term timeframes through exposureto the free CO2 stream and formation fluids containing dissolved components from the CO2 stream underdiffusive and advective flow regimes. Assumptions made are documented and uncertainty or confidencelevels are described.

5.5.4.3.3 Life cycle monitoring and remediation plan for wells with mechanical defects comprises all activities listed in5.5.4.3.3 a-d.

5.5.5.1 Geomechanical modelling comprises all activities listed in 5.5.5.1 a-f.

5.5.5.2 Parameters used in geomechanical modelling comprise all those listed in 5.5.5.2 a-f.

5.5.5.3 Outcomes of geomechanical modelling provide information related to items listed in 5.5.5.3 a-g.

6.1 The process for risk management is an integral part of project management, embedded in the culture andpractices of and incorporated into the business processes of project operator.


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6.4 The context for project risk management has been established through a structured evaluation of allelements listed in 6.4.2 a-i based on adequate characterization and understanding of the storage project.The context for project risk management comprises all elements that can influence assessments orperceptions of risk.

6.5 Relevant stakeholders have been consulted when establishing risk evaluation criteria for elements ofconcern for which project activities can have an impact that affects the stakeholders in a material way.

6.6 Project risk management plan comprises a description of all items 6.6 a-i.

6.7.3.1 The impact of uncertainty on level of risk is analyzed and documented for all risk scenarios where the levelof uncertainty can affect the risk evaluation or the selection of risk treatment.

6.8 The risk treatment plan comprises description of all information listed in 6.8 a-d.

6.9.2.2 Documentation of the process for risk management includes outputs from monitoring and modelling thatform a basis for the risk assessments, and describes the implications of monitoring detection thresholdsand sensitivities for the results of risk assessments.

6.9.2.3.2 The information listed in 6.9.2.3.2 a-c is documented in a consistent manner.

6.10.4 The program for risk communication and consultation is designed to achieve the performance goals listed in6.10.4 a-e.

8.2.1 Preliminary plans and designs for CO2 injection operations to achieve project objectives.

8.2.3.2 Flow modelling evaluates scenarios for the number and placement of injection wells required to achieve theneeded rate of injection, and whether preferential placement of any pressure relief wells would be beneficialand effective in controlling pressure buildup and spread of the CO2 plume.

8.2.4.3 The target CO2 injection rate of individual wells is determined from the target rate for the site and themaximum injection rate of individual wells.

The duration of injection and the injection rate for each well are within the estimated capacity of eachstorage unit identified as suitable for storage. Forecast of injection rate schedule for each injection well isbased on storage complex design parameters and pre-injection modelling results. If multiple injection wellsare used, the injection rate schedule provides for redistribution of delivered CO2 to other injection wells, orfor venting or flaring so that injection pressure thresholds are not exceeded.

9.4.2 M&V plan provides information required for all items 9.4.2 a-j.

9.4.3 M&V plan describes how the project plans to respond to observations that indicate conditions other thannormal expected system performance of the storage system and monitoring systems. This includesdescription of operational changes most likely to be required, and the appropriate risk-based preparationsto make those changes.

3.2.2.3 The operator’s site characterization report forms the documented basis for verification.

3.2.2.4 By issuing a certificate of conformity - site endorsement DNV GL considers that the sitecharacterization conforms to ISO 27914 and provides:

— confidence that the storage site and preliminary well engineering concept have the required characteristicsto allow achievement of the storage project objectives, and

— a robust technical basis for compilation of a storage permit application.


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3.2.3 Certificate of conformity - storage site

3.2.3.1 DNV GL may issue a certificate of conformity for a specified storage site after verifying conformitywith all criteria in Table 3-2 and Table 3-4.

Table 3-4 Criteria that shall be met to qualify for certificate of conformity - storage site

Clause inISO 27914 Description of criteria

4.1.2 and4.2.2

Project operator for the storage project is defined.

Responsibilities of project operator and other members of the project organization are defined. Projectoperator's responsibilities include all items listed in 4.1.2 a-h. Reporting relationships and responsibilityboundaries between project operator and other members of the project organization are delineated.

4.2.3 Operational boundary between the storage project and other components of the CCS project (e.g., capture,processing, and transportation) and other activities within the area of review are defined. Impacts onstorage project operational activities from activities outside the operational boundary of the storage projectare identified and risk assessed.

4.5.1 and4.5.2

Documentation of resource requirements under the project operator's responsibility, relevant competence ofproject personnel, and provisions to maintain appropriate project personnel competence levels.

4.5.3 Statement documenting that the project operator manages or directs sufficient equipment andinfrastructure to facilitate all project stages.

4.6.2,6.10.1 and6.10.3

Public engagement strategy to build public understanding, trust, and credibility. Project opportunitiesand risk have been discussed with relevant internal and external stakeholders. Risk communication andconsultation program designed to support objectives 6.10.3 a-c.

4.6.3 Project personnel are fully informed of the nature and circumstances of the storage project, its goals andtargets, and its progress in achieving those goals.

Project personnel are briefed on the regulatory expectations and requirements of government agencies andany guidance or operating procedures referenced by government regulations.

4.7.1,7.1.2, and8.3.3

Documentation systems designed to meet the needs of project operator and the regulatory authorities,from both an internal and external data-collection and reporting perspective.

Accurate records will be kept of all well-related activities.

Any deviations from permit conditions, original design, or routine operations will be recorded.

6.6 Project risk management plan has been discussed with the relevant regulatory authorities.

8.2.3.3 Flow modelling of the injection of CO2 into the storage complex is used to assist in site facility design anddeveloping the operations and maintenance (O&M) plan.

8.2.4.1 Storage facility design plan specifies

— the location and number of CO2 injection wells required to achieve the target rate and mass of CO2injection, and

— gathering lines and surface facility requirements that can be newly developed, or modified from existingfacilities.

8.3.1 O&M plan is designed to achieve project objectives using safe and efficient processes. The plan is inaccordance with all applicable regulatory permits, and will be periodically reviewed and updated wheneverchanges to operational process or equipment usage occur. Project operator and project personnelsupervisors have knowledge of permit requirements pertaining directly to the injection of CO2.


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8.3.2,8.4.2.2,8.4.3.3,8.5.1 and8.5.4.2

O&M plan defines a planned schedule for the inspection, maintenance, and replacement of facilityequipment to ensure safe and efficient site operations.

O&M plan defines wellbore inspection procedures that describe the techniques and frequency of inspection.This includes procedures for addressing results of logging tests (see 8.5.4.2).

O&M plan defines protocols to ensure that maintenance issues are promptly addressed by qualifiedpersonnel.

O&M plan defines procedures for commencement of CO2 injection (initial start-up). These includeinstructions regarding the operation of relevant well and facility components.

O&M plan defines shutdown and start-up procedures for planned, scheduled shutdowns. This includesprocedures for communication with the pipeline operator, compression operator, capture facility operator,and all site employees immediately in advance of start-up.

O&M and M&V plans define all pressure, temperature and injection fluid data to be acquired duringoperations to assess injection system performance and ensure safe and effective injection operations.

8.3.4 Communication plan defines procedures for

— contacting and being contacted by the transportation project operator, capture project operator, and anyother operators of components of the CCS project, and

— communicating with relevant regulatory agencies and stakeholders.

Communication procedures are available to the control center personnel.

8.3.5 Safety plan for the storage site operations is implemented as an integral part of routine operations,maintenance procedures, and emergency response procedures for dealing with CO2.

8.3.6 Security plan for the storage site restricts unauthorized access to the storage facility, including wells,monitoring equipment, and associated operational infrastructure.

10.2 and10.3

Provisional closure plan for the storage project describing:

— quantitative key performance indicators for determining conformity with the criteria for site closurelisted in 10.2 a-c

— provisional plans for closure qualification process for the site, and— provisional plans for decommissioning of storage project infrastructure, including plans for plugging

and abandonment of wells and decommissioning of surface facilities associated with CO2 injection andmonitoring operations.

3.2.3.2 The project operator shall also determine conformity with the recommendations in Table 3-3 and Table 3-5.

Table 3-5 Criteria that should be met to qualify for certificate of conformity - storage site


4.5.3 Documentation of infrastructure and equipment allocations for the storage project.

Emergency response and remediation provisions for responding to loss of equipment or infrastructurefailures that adversely affects site development, operations, or closure activities.


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4.6.1,4.6.2,6.10.2 and6.10.4

Public engagement strategy includes publicly communicating clear and accurate information on projectplans and activities, including regulatory matters, standards performance, and safety and environmentalissues throughout the project life cycle.

A designated media liaison is appointed. Contact details for individual responsible for responding tocommunity questions have been published.

Risk communication and consultation strategy is tailored to the knowledge level of CO2 geological storageof those involved and designed to accomplish objectives 6.10.2 a-e. Risk communication and consultationprogram is designed to achieve performance goals 6.10.4 a-e.

4.6.3 Project personnel are informed of all stakeholder groups and their project concerns.

4.7.1 and4.7.2

Implemented procedure for recording institutional knowledge to allow for the transfer of pertinent projectinformation to a subsequent project operator to meet regulatory reporting requirements, as needed.This includes documents, records, and other data determined by project operator to be necessary for theeffective planning, operation, and control of its processes.

6.6 and6.9.1

Project risk management plan has been discussed with relevant stakeholders. Project operator will discusssignificant revisions to the risk management plan with the regulator and relevant stakeholders.

7.5.2 and8.5.5

The O&M plan defines a program to monitor the effectiveness of the corrosion mitigation efforts of thewellbore, wellhead, surface pipe and facilities.

8.2.3.1 All elements and parameters of the storage complex and storage facility required for designing O&M planfor CO2 injection are identified, collected and documented.

8.2.4.1 Storage facility design plan describes injection and monitoring infrastructure.

8.3.1 Policy for use of O&M plan is clearly communicated to all project personnel. O&M plan defines requiredcompetencies for project personnel.

8.3.3 Records of routine and preventive maintenance at the storage facility is maintained by project operator.These records include decisional changes in operations. O&M plan will be updated to reflect decisionalchanges. A management of change database is established and will be maintained.

8.3.5 Safety plan includes an emergency response procedure, an emergency response team, a site-specifichealth and safety procedure, and requirements for safety training. Safety plan is designed to ensure thatsafe operating procedures are developed, and that all project personnel are properly trained to work withCO2 and follow safe operating procedures. Safety plan includes authorization and defined proceduresfor any employee to communicate safety concerns to management and to stop injection if necessary toprevent injury, equipment damage, or damage to the environment.

8.4.3.2 The purpose of all scheduled shutdowns are stated in O&M plan.

8.5.4.1 Well testing program is designed to determine whether the injection well(s) is in a suitable condition forsafe and continued injection of CO2, and to ensure regulatory compliance.

8.5.4.4.1 O&M plan defines how project personnel routinely collect and analyze data regarding the mechanicalintegrity of wells.

9.2.1 The storage project M&V activities do not introduce unacceptable risk.

10.3 Criteria for site closure includes any site-specific or procedural requirements for site closure specified bythe regulatory authority. The site closure plan describes plans for the activities listed in 10.3 c, d, e and g.

10.4.1 Closure qualification process described in the closure plan includes the activities listed in 10.4.1 a-f.


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3.2.3.3 The documented basis for verification shall comprise the following:

— risk management plan— monitoring and verification (M&V) plan— plan for public and stakeholder engagement— storage facility design plan— operations and maintenance (O&M) plan. This plan shall comprise:

— policy for use of O&M plan— operational protocols and maintenance schedules— communication plan— safety plan— security plan, and

— provisional closure plan.

3.2.3.4 By issuing a certificate of conformity for a specified storage site DNV GL considers that the projectoperator has developed appropriate plans to allow safe and effective geological storage of CO2 at the storagesite in accordance with ISO 27914 and project objectives. This certificate may be used to support:

— investment decision— application for a storage permit— transfer of storage site to another operator, and— registration in a regulated scheme that requires reporting of mass of CO2 emissions avoided.

3.2.4 Certificate of conformity - site development

3.2.4.1 DNV GL may issue a certificate of conformity - site development after verifying conformity with allcriteria in Table 3-6.

Table 3-6 Criteria that shall be met to qualify for certificate of conformity - site development


7.2.1,7.2.2, 7.4.6and 7.5.2

Materials and equipment that are selected, constructed, and used as part of well infrastructure are suitablefor the conditions to which they will be subjected.

The selection of materials for surface infrastructure and wells such as pipe, tubing, casing, pumps, cement,electrical and safety equipment, instrumentation, elastomers, and all other components, include evaluationof the influences of the elements listed in 7.2.2 a-g.

Well integrity monitoring equipment is designed based on the specific conditions expected in the well, suchthat the monitoring equipment provides meaningful data on the condition of the well. The CO2 streamwill be monitored to determine the presence of corrosive constituents to assist with maintaining well andcomponent integrity.

Design specifications for offshore piping and structural steel is adopted as necessary to accommodate saltladen air.

7.2.3 Potentially corrosive constituents of CO2 streams are identified and considered when establishing materialrequirements.

Corrosion-resistant materials are used for infrastructure exposed to CO2 streams that contain componentsof concern at concentrations sufficient to make the CO2 stream corrosive. Elastomers used are chemicallyand mechanically stable in the presence of CO2.

Performance of chemical inhibition programs is monitored to confirm their effectiveness.


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7.3.1 and7.3.2

Infrastructure design facilitates safe and effective CO2 storage.

Applicable regulations are followed for entering CO2 wellhead enclosures, fire prevention, placementof indication signs including name of the well or storage facility, name of the project operator, contactinformation for emergency purposes, and other warning signs.

All site activities are performed in a manner that minimizes environmental impact and avoids endangeringprotected groundwater.

Safety preparedness (response plans) are established.

7.3.3.1 Wellsite(s) and placement of well(s) and other infrastructure meet criteria 7.3.3.1 a-c.

Potential impact of all surface and subsurface activities on the integrity of the storage complex isevaluated, and the results of the evaluation are documented.

Appropriate permits are obtained prior to building the wellsite for drilling.

7.3.4.2 and7.3.4.3

Well(s) are drilled out through the conductor casing to below protected groundwater.

Surface casing(s) are set and cemented at sufficient depths to ensure isolation of protected groundwatersources, and control of the well under maximum formation pressures and operating pressures prior to thenext casing interval. Surface casing(s) are run and cemented back to the surface through the use of singleor multiple strings of casing and cement if required to protect any groundwater encountered.

7.3.4.4,7.3.4.5 and7.3.4.6

Wells are cased with the recommended grade, weight, and size of casing to achieve the stated objective(s)of the well for safe injection, production or monitoring.

All tubulars (casing, tubing and liner) are designed and installed to ensure safe operation for the plannedlife of the well under the expected physical and chemical environment.

7.4.1 All wells involved in the storage projects are constructed and completed in a manner that meets projectgoals while maintaining wellbore integrity.

A detailed completion plan is developed and subjected to stakeholder review.

7.4.2 The completion design of all project wells has a well-bonded cement sheath between the casing and wall-rock from the casing shoe to planned top of cement.

7.4.3 The cement and casings installed in all project wells is designed to maintain hydraulic isolation across allstrata above the storage unit.

7.4.4 Defective cement sheaths will be repaired using selected remedial methods and materials that meet thestructural support and sealing requirements of the primary cementing design.

7.4.5 Access through the casing in injection wells is provided by perforation or other means to establishsufficient communication for injection of the CO2 stream into the storage unit. Any stimulation or injectionenhancement treatments are performed in a manner that ensures the integrity of the wellbore and primaryseal.

7.4.6 All injection wells have a metering device associated with it to monitor the mass of the fluid streaminjected.

8.4.2.3 and8.5.3.1

The design of the CO2 injection system provides the injection protocol and operational guidelines thatstipulate limits to injection rate, annulus pressure, and injection pressure.

The wellhead annulus pressure is not permitted to exceed the wellbore design pressure rating or regulatedmaximum pressure.

The wellhead annulus temperature is not permitted to exceed the wellbore design temperature rating orregulated maximum or minimum temperatures.


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Table 3-7 Criteria that should be met to qualify for certificate of conformity - site development


7.2.3 The criteria for selection of elastomers are based on expected operating pressure and temperatureconditions, constituents of the CO2 stream, and evaluation of the diffusive characteristics of CO2.

Well cement used is non-shrinking during setting and sufficiently ductile to sustain deformation dueto change of pressure and temperature over the expected operating conditions of the well. Cementcomposition offers chemical resistance to CO2 degradation.

Cement provides hydraulic isolation across the primary seal of the storage reservoir.

7.3.2 Visible windsocks are used to indicate wind direction.

7.3.3.1 Wellsite requirements for CO2 handling, including spatial access, is evaluated in the design of CO2 injectionand monitoring wells.

7.3.3.2 Drilling plans document the potential for fluid invasion and formation damage when drilling through targetstorage unit(s).

7.3.4.2 Conductor casing installation will maintain integrity around the casing and prevent washouts.

7.3.4.5 For each CO2 injection well, the expected maximum injection rate is used to determine the minimum tubingdiameter, the maximum injection pressure is used to determine the weight and grade of tubulars, andpackers of adequate internal diameter are used where subsequent wireline work might be desired duringthe life of the well.

7.4.2 The cementing for all project wells is designed to meet the objectives listed in 7.4.2 a-d.

7.4.4 After cement has been placed in the annulus, the cement sheath is evaluated to determine that no leaksare detectable and that the top of cement is in accordance with the design depth. Pressure testing of thecasing is not performed before significant cement slurry gel strength has developed.

7.4.6 Design of all wells facilitate use of continuous or periodic monitoring equipment including logging andpressure testing.

7.5.3 Piping and vessels are designed to be adequately protected against galvanic corrosion by using cathodicprotection.

8.5.2.2 If there are multiple injection wells downstream from a custody transfer meter, then individual meters areinstalled on each well to enable comparison of the sum of mass flow rate readings from all wellhead meterswith the mass flow rate reading from the custody transfer meter.

3.2.4.3 Verification of site development shall be based on the storage facility design plan, a site developmentreport documenting the site development activities, and a site visit.

3.2.4.4 By issuing a certificate of conformity - site development to a specified storage project DNV GLconsiders that the design and construction of the storage facility conforms to ISO 27914.


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3.2.5 Certificate of conformity - site operations3.2.5.1 DNV GL may issue a certificate of conformity - site operations after verifying conformity with all criteria inTable 3-8.

Table 3-8 Criteria that shall be met to qualify for certificate of conformity - site operations


6.9.1 Project risk management plan, the results of risk assessments, and the corresponding risk treatment plansare periodically reviewed. Risk management plan is modified as necessary to ensure that risk is properlymanaged throughout the project life cycle.

6.9.2.3.1 The results of risk assessments are recorded in a project risk register. This is done in a consistent mannerso that risk assessments are comparable over time. For each recorded risk scenario, the risk registerincludes the information listed in 6.9.2.3.1 a-g.

6.9.2.3.2 If different methodologies for risk assessment have been applied, the results of updated assessments arecompared to the most recent assessment. If the results of an updated risk assessment deviate significantlyfrom the prior assessment, the reasons for the differences are documented.

7.6.1 A detailed workover plan is established for all well workovers. Necessary permits and approvals fromrelevant regulatory authorities are obtained prior to starting any workover operation.

All wells that have both known significant mechanical defects and are likely to be exposed to injected CO2or be in the elevated pressure zone in the near- to mid-operational term are planned to be remediated.

Remediation measures and the timing of well workover are determined based on risk considerations.

7.7.1 Recompletion designs for converting existing wells ensure safe operation of the well for its function. Allrecompletion work ensures well control and wellbore security.

7.7.2 Wells are recompleted or subject to a workover if any of the situations listed in 7.7.2 a-c occur.

7.7.3.2 and7.7.3.3

Wells to be converted have casing that meets the requirements of 7.3.4.

All casing leaks, packer leaks and tubing leaks for project wells that will continue to be used are repaired.Wells that are not repaired are plugged and abandoned.

Cement integrity is re-established for wells where flow is detected along the casing. Cement integrity isestablished prior to the installation of a liner or casing patch for all wells where fluid movement is detectedoutside the casing.

7.8.3 Well abandonment of wells associated with the project is conducted in a manner that ensures protectionand isolation of CO2 storage units and prevents leakage. Repairs are made in wells with deficient cement orcasing if required to maintain a seal so that the wells can be successfully plugged.

Well control is maintained during plugging so that injected fluids are not released into the wellbore or theatmosphere. All CO2 is flushed from the wellbore and the wellbore is filled with a fluid of a density that willmaintain well control.

8.4.2.1 Key operational parameters defined in O&M plan are monitored by the operations control personnel.

8.4.2.2 Procedures for commencement of CO2 injection (start-up) are communicated in advance to the pipelineproject operator, CO2 capture facility operator, and all project personnel. All site supervisors, control roomsupervisors, and field supervisors know the type and composition of fluid in the injection flow lines and wellprior to commencing CO2 injection.

8.4.3.3 The cause of unscheduled shutdowns are determined before initiating the start-up procedure. Safety issuesassociated with the shutdown and ensuing start-up is discussed with project personnel.


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8.5.2.1 The CO2 stream delivered to the site is continuously metered and periodically sampled at the custodytransfer or receipt point to the storage facility.

8.5.3.1 The annulus between the CO2 injection tubing and the casing is monitored at the wellhead for pressure andtemperature to provide data to support assessment of casing, injection tubing, and packer integrity.

8.5.3.2 Surface injection tubing pressure and temperature are monitored and recorded continuously at thewellhead to ensure these parameters remain within the operating design specifications.

8.5.4.1 Well control procedure is documented for all well tests. Protocols ensure that a safety meeting is conductedimmediately preceding all tests.

8.5.4.3 The annual average pressure of the storage unit is recorded and compared to the projected annual averagepressure of the storage unit.

8.5.4.4.1 Project operator maintains wellbore integrity and abides by all regulations regarding wellbore integrity.

8.6 Changes in the well configurations are recorded in management of change database.

9.2.3 M&V activities provide sufficient information to manage safe injection operation and leakage risk, assessintegrity of the storage complex, and calibrate predicted storage and injection performance.

Monitoring practices are evaluated and adapted during the course of injection to ensure that monitoringactivities continue to be appropriate and effective.


Table 3-9 Criteria that should be met to qualify for certificate of conformity - site operations


6.3 The process for risk management is iteratively repeated in a consistent, transparent, and traceable mannerthroughout the project life cycle. Each iteration of the process for risk management takes into accountchanges in the context for risk management.

6.9.1 Follow-up and review of the process for risk management meets the criteria listed in 6.9.1 a-d.

7.5.1 Process for routine evaluation of the general mechanical integrity of the wells is implemented.

7.5.2 CO2 stream is monitored to determine the presence of corrosive constituents to assist with maintaining welland component integrity.

Ongoing maintenance includes external coatings and periodic visual inspection of the interior portion of allvessels for corrosion and chemical programs designed to prevent internal and external corrosion of steelcomponents.

7.7.3.1 Wellbore integrity is tested and evaluated during or immediately following recompletion and workoveractivities.

7.7.3.2 Casing is pressure tested after casing repair. Packer and tubing is rerun into the well after repair of casingin injection wells. Mechanical integrity is then re-established by pressure testing the tubing casing annulus.

7.8.3 Casing and cement integrity logs are rerun during abandonment and compared to the original baseline logsto confirm cement and wellbore integrity. All open perforations are sealed and then plugged or isolatedaccording to regulations.

8.4.2.1 Detailed flow diagrams of all site facilities are accessible to project personnel together with operational setpoints (e.g. maximum injection flow line pressure) and preventive maintenance schedules.


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8.4.2.3 Injection rate, annulus pressure, and injection pressure at all injection wells are recorded by an automateddata recording system and monitored automatically and continuously to ensure they remain withinoperational limits.

Automated shutdown systems are tested according to the operation and maintenance plan. Conditions priorto shutdown are summarized and reviewed.

8.4.3.2 The operational impacts of all unscheduled or emergency shutdowns are reviewed. These reviews evaluatewhether changes are required to operational threshold limits or operational protocols. Operational changesmade are recorded in management of change database.

8.4.3.3 The start-up procedure is reviewed and updated as needed. Use of an incremental start-up rate isevaluated following unscheduled shutdowns.

8.5.2.1 and8.5.2.2

Metering of CO2 delivered to the storage facility, and at individual CO2 injection flow lines and/or wellheads,includes the specifications listed in 8.5.2.1 a-e.

8.5.3.1 All injection wells are examined periodically to ensure the injection fluid is not entering the annulus, andannulus fluid is not entering the tubing or geologic formations penetrated by the well.

8.5.3.3 Downhole pressure and temperature is measured using permanent or temporary downhole gauges orsensors for direct measurement of downhole pressure and temperature, or estimated from data acquireddirectly from the injection wellhead.

8.5.4.3 A pressure transient test is used to estimate annual average pressure, and compared to the measuredannual average pressure of the storage unit. The compared values are evaluated with respect to theprimary seal integrity, surface compression and pipeline delivery pressure at the surface.

8.5.4.4.1 Mechanical integrity testing is conducted to guard against movement of wellbore fluids into geologicformations other than the storage unit via the tubing-casing annulus or outside of the casing.

8.5.4.4.2 Injection Profile Logging (IPL) is used to determine where fluid is exiting the wellbore, identify fluidmovement when the well is shut-in, and estimate the total volume of CO2 injected into the storage unit. IPLfrequency is adequate to record changes in the vertical distribution of injected CO2.

3.2.5.3 Verification of site operations shall be based on the O&M plan, the outputs listed in [2.2.6.2], and asite visit. Verification of site operations may include interviews with operations personnel.

3.2.5.4 By issuing a certificate of conformity - site operations to a specified storage project DNV GLconsiders that project operations conform to ISO 27914.

3.2.6 Certificate of conformity - site closure

3.2.6.1 DNV GL may issue a certificate of conformity - site closure after verifying conformity with the criteriafor site closure listed in 10.2 a-d. Conformity with criteria 10.2 a-c shall be measured by application ofquantitative key performance indicators specified in final site closure plan.


Table 3-10 Criteria that should be met to qualify for certificate of conformity - site closure


10.2 Surface facilities and equipment associated with the storage project are removed.


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10.3 Any site-specific or procedural requirements for site closure specified by the regulatory authority have beenmet.

Collected information required for regulatory approvals for decommissioning of storage site infrastructure isdocumented.

Future landowners and (if applicable) resource owners of the stored CO2 and remaining subsurfaceinfrastructure have been notified of site closure.

10.4.1 Closure qualification process included all activities listed in 10.4.1 a-f and was executed and documentedin a structured and transparent manner. Input from project stakeholders was collected and considered inclosure qualification process.

10.4.2 Reports, results, and other data that form the basis for verification of conformity with criteria for siteclosure are archived.

3.2.6.3 Verification of site closure is based on the final closure plan and a closure qualification reportdocumenting the closure qualification process.

3.2.6.4 By issuing a certificate of conformity - site closure for a specified storage site, DNV GL considersthat based upon the evidence provided, reasonable assurance has been established of conformity with thecriteria for site closure in ISO 27914. This includes that the risk of future leakage of injected CO2 conformsto acceptance criteria established for the project. These criteria are specified in the certificate of conformity -site closure

Guidance note:According to ISO 27914, site closure occurs when the project operator has demonstrated conformity with criteria for site closure,i.e., criteria 10.2 a-d. However, regulations can stipulate additional criteria for site closure. In particular, many regulationscurrently require a minimum period of monitoring and site care after cessation of injection before site closure can occur. In somejurisdictions this entails the transfer of all rights, responsibilities, and liabilities associated with a storage site to a post-closuresteward, often a regulatory entity.


3.3 DNV GL verification processIn DNV GL's verification process for the certificates listed in [3.1.1] the evaluation of the correspondingcertification requirements described in [3.2] is performed by a review team that may consist partly orexclusively of non-DNV GL resources. See [3.5] for further details on selection and approval of the reviewteam.The DNV GL verification process will typically comprise the steps listed in Table 3-11.

Table 3-11 Overview of verification process and entities involved in the respective activities.Commissioning entity is the entity that has contracted DNV GL to perform verification.

Activity DNVGL

Reviewteam

Projectoperator

Commissioningentity

1. Conclude on process, including tentative dates and locations forworkshop (Activity 8).

X X

2. Identify potential experts for review team. Check qualifications,availability and conflict of interest.

X X

3. Finalise review team composition. X X

4. Subcontract resources not internal to DNV GL. X

5. Collect and distribute documents to review team. X X


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6. Examine documents and document initial assessment. X X

7. Share initial assessment with project operator and indicate issueswhere review team requires clarification or more information.

X X

8. Workshop to clarify issues related to possible nonconformity andvalidate modelling conclusions. This may include interviews with projectpersonnel.

X X X Optional

9. Document tentative assessment of all requirements. X X

10. Share tentative assessment with project operator. X

11. Review and comment on evaluations believed to be due tomisinterpretation of facts, data or information.

X

12. Meeting (usually by video) to address points of disagreement, orwhere clarification is still needed.

X X X Optional

13. Issue verification report and, if conclusion is positive, certificate. X

The verification process for certificate of conformity - site development and certificate of conformity - siteoperations shall also include a site visit.

3.4 Certification service deliverables

3.4.1 General3.4.1.1 If the conclusion of the evaluation of the certification requirements is positive, then DNV GL will issue acertificate of conformity and a corresponding verification report. The verification report shall be referencedfrom the certificate of conformity. Examples (for illustration only) of the respective certificates of conformitylisted in [3.1.1] are shown in App.A.

3.4.1.2 If the conclusion of the evaluation of the certification requirements is negative, then DNV GL may issue averification report. This report shall include documentation of observations considered by the review team toimply nonconformity with ISO 27914.

3.4.2 Verification report3.4.2.1 The purpose of the verification report is to document the verification process and provide a statementconfirming the conclusion of the verification process.

3.4.2.2 Deviations from requirements shall be highlighted in the summary of the verification report, with a referenceto where in the report deviations indicating nonconformity with ISO 27914 are addressed in detail. Deviationsthat are addressed through alternative solutions shall be included in the list.

3.4.2.3 The verification report shall include:

— Reference to the contract under which the work has been carried out.— Description of commissioned verification services.


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— Description of verification process.— Description of expertise and qualifications of the review team.— Description of project objectives, including annual and total mass of CO2 to be stored.— Description of limits of site(s) and project(s) subject to verification. This may include storage site

boundaries, project organizational boundaries and interfaces, and project operational boundaries.— Reference to regulations applicable to the storage project.— Reference to verification scope of work under this service specification.— Clear statement of the conclusion from the verification.— Descriptions of deviations and the associated evaluations. Deviations from requirements in ISO 27914

(shall statements) imply nonconformity. Deviations from recommendations (should statements) implynonconformity only if the implemented alternative solutions, if any, are found to be inadequate by thereview team relative to the stated project objectives pertaining to the milestone or project stage in Figure2-1 subject to verification.

— List of documentation (reports, drawings, correspondence, presentation material, etc.) on which theverification report is based.

3.4.2.4 The verification report may include intermediate documentation of progress or conclusion related toindividual verification elements, such as:

— Initial document review (e.g., step 6 in Table 3-11).— Report from site visit.— Tentative conclusions (e.g., step 9 in Table 3-11).

3.5 Required fields of expertiseThe review team for the respective certification processes should cover the fields of expertise listed inTable 3-12. The qualifications, expertise and experience of the individual review team members shall bedocumented. The commissioning entity is allowed to comment on the qualifications of the review teammembers, and may suggest alternative experts, but approval of the review team is made by DNV GL.

Table 3-12 Fields of expertise required for the respective certification processes.

Field of expertise Sitefeasibility

Siteendorsement

Storagesite

Sitedevelopment

Siteoperations

Siteclosure

Geology x x x

Hydrogeology x x x

Geophysics x x x x

Reservoir engineering x x x x

Simulation of CO2 injection and storage x x x x

Geochemistry x x

Geomechanics x x

Well integrity x x x x

Well engineering (design, materials, construction) x x x

Drilling operations x

CO2 injection facility operations x x

Well maintenance and abandonment x x x


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Well cementing and completion operations x x

Well logging and testing x x x x

Monitoring operations for CO2 storage projects x x x x x

Risk management for CO2 storage projects x x x x x

Regulations for CO2 storage projects in region x x x x x x


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APPENDIX A CERTIFICATE DOCUMENT EXAMPLES

A.1 Certificate of conformity - site feasibility


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A.2 Certificate of conformity - site endorsement


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A.3 Certificate of conformity - storage site


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A.4 Certificate of conformity - site development


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A.5 Certificate of conformity - site operations


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A.6 Certificate of conformity - site closure

Cha

nges

– h

isto

ric


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CHANGES – HISTORICThere are currently no historical changes for this document.

About DNV GLDriven by our purpose of safeguarding life, property and the environment, DNV GL enablesorganizations to advance the safety and sustainability of their business. We provide classification,technical assurance, software and independent expert advisory services to the maritime, oil & gasand energy industries. We also provide certification services to customers across a wide rangeof industries. Operating in more than 100 countries, our experts are dedicated to helping ourcustomers make the world safer, smarter and greener.

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DNVGL-SE-0473 Certification of sites and projects for ... · for geological storage of CO2 at key milestones in the life cycle of geological storage projects. The scope of verification