Upload
duongduong
View
247
Download
7
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon
DME and LPG
2 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon
DME and LPG
DME ReminderSpecificationsProductionUtilizationsDME and XTL competitors
DME (as fuel) is at the gates of Europe
DME/LPG blends: already a reality in China
DME standardization issues
3 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon
DME (Dimethyl Ether) specifications
on net calorific value basis1.6 kg of DME is equivalent to 1 kg of LPG1.25 m3 of DME is equivalent to 1 m3 of LPG1.2 m3 of DME is equivalent to 1 m3 of diesel
Property Methane Propane DME Butane Diesel oilChemical formula CH4 C3H8 CH3OCH3 C4H10 -Boiling point (°C) -161.5 -42.0 -25.1 -0.5 180 - 360
Liquid Density (g/cm3, 20°C) - 0.49 0.67 0.57 0.84
Specific gravity of gas (vs. air) 0.55 1.52 1.59 2.00 -Saturated vapor pressure (atm, 25°C) - 9.3 6.1 2.4 -Ignition point (°C) 650 470 235 430 250Explosion limit (%) 5 - 15 2.1 - 9.4 3.4 - 17 1.9 - 8.4 0.6 - 7.5Cetane number 0 5 55 - 60 10 40 - 55Net calorific value (kcal/kg) 12 11,1 6,9 10,93 10,2Net calorific value (kcal/l) liquid - 5,4 4,6 6,2 -8,6
Net calorific value (kcal/Nm3) 8,6 21,8 14,2 28,3 -
4 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon
Completely safe with no adverse impact on healthDecomposes in the atmosphere in several tens of hoursNo sulfur contentNo direct carbon bonds
(CH3-O-CH3)
No problems expanding use
No concern over ozone layer depletion (alternative to CFCs)No SOx emission from combustion
No particulate matter (PM) or soot emission from combustion
DME: an environmentally-friendly fuel
DME is a clean burning alternative to LPG and diesel.
5 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon
DME: An energy carrier for a sustainable development
DMEDME
Transportation fuelTransportation fuel
Domestic LPG usersDomestic LPG users
Power GenerationPower Generation
Chemical FeedstockChemical FeedstockSynt
hesi
s G
asSy
nthe
sis
Gas
Tran
spor
t to
Mar
kets
Tran
spor
t to
Mar
kets
Fuel cellsFuel cells
CONVERSION TRANSPORT
CoalCoal
Heavy oilHeavy oil
Bio MassBio Mass
SYNTHETIC LIQUID FUEL
PRIMARY ENERGY SOURCE
COMMERCIAL USE
Natural GasNatural Gas
6 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon
DME Production
DME can be produced bymethanol dehydrationdirect synthesis
DME production capacities (end 2006)Already installed 440 kt/aUnder construction 2,150 kt/aAnnouncement 6,800 to 14,500 kt/a
Expected DME market in 2020: For China: 20 MTFor Japan: 6 MT
7 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon
DME capacities in China (installed and expected)
Cumulated DME capacity in China
40 155 275
935
1555
4155
8355
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
year
Thousands MT/yr
8 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon
DME utilizations
1st DME Market
2nd DME Market
9 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon
DME and other X-to-liquids competition
DME is the simpliest XTL product
and one of the most promising XTL way
GTL GTDME CTL CTDME BTL
70 à 100 45 à 85 80 à 120 50 à 85 >180
55% 65% 46% à 52% 44% à 54% 40%
1,2 0,7 4,5 à 5 4 à 4,5 εConcawe Report Conv. Diesel
200 290 265 340 330 330 à 380
150 170 150 350 340 10 à 15GHG g CO2eq/Km
CO2 (TCo2 emitted/Tep of Product)
Capital Intensity (K$/bbl/d(*))Yield (HHV)
Yield WTW (MJ/100Km)
(K$/bbl/d) ε
10 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon
DME and XTL Competitors (TTW)
The "best in class" is obtained from DME with an adapted Diesel engine, with 126.8 g CO2eq/kmSource: Tank-to-Wheels report March 2007 – Concawe Eucar
(Tank-to-Wheels analysis)
11 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon
DME at the gates of Europe
China is building new capacities of DME and already using it mixed with LPG. This DME is mainly produced from methanol (made from coal) or fromimported methanol
A Japanese consortium (Total 10%) is on the way to build a DME plant in Niigata made from ex-gas methanol
Korea has made some laboratory tests on DME
India is checking DME for LPG/DME blends
Egypt with Methanex is planning to build a DME plant
Iran planned to build a DME plant in the South of Iran
Turkey and Russia are working on DME
Sweden is working on DME from biomass
12 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon
DME/LPG properties
Evaluation tests conducted by Japan LPG Center for some LPG appliances:
Combustion characteristicsOperating performance of burner safety device
According to Japan LPG Center and for cooking appliances, the upper limit for DME in the DME/LPG mixture is assumed to be about 20% to 25% wt DME (without appliances modifications)
Totalgaz is currently testing DME/LPG blends to verify thoseannouncements
13 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon
DME/LPG blends properties
DME/LPG blends with 20 to 30% weight DMECompatible with most of the metalsCompatible with some polymers but not all the onesused for LPG (these polymers are mainly used for the seals of LPG equipment)
Stable in motionless conditionsCombustion possible with some LPG burners but with a scale-downed efficiencySome problem of combustion of the residue remaining in cylinders with some DME/LPG blends
14 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon
DME/LPG blends properties
According to the Chinese producers replacing 1 kg of LPG by 1 kg of DME does not change significantly the duration for boiling 1 liter of water
The cost of DME could be reduced dramatically by the scale-up of the capacity of DME plant
But the price of methanol can be a limitation to the reduction of the production cost of DME
15 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon
DME as alternative to diesel
Test runs of DME trucks and buses in Japan
10 buses using DME in Shanghai from 8 May 2007
1,000 buses using DME in Shanghai in 2008?
Volvo trucks / Nissan Diesel
Isuzu (subsidiary of Toyota)
16 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon
DME standardization
The increase of DME as fuels in China, Japan and progressively in some other countries implies some international standards in orderto ensure a global openness and transparency in the international commerce of DME
The Technical Committee on Chemical Products of the Japan Industrial Standards Committee has already established a tentative standard for DME as fuel under the number TS K 0011 in 2005.
But this Committee agreed that DME as alternative to diesel and DME as alternative to LPG may have separate technical specification and that the TS K 0011 is mainly a proposal for DME as diesel.
17 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon
DME standardization
China is working on some standards for pure DME and will issue some national standards soon
IDA (International DME Association) has established a DME standardization group for following up the standardization prepared by other groups
ISO/TC28 will start soon a DME working group about DME specification
18 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon
Total is also involved in a commercial plant in Japan the Niigata project
Project : Build a plant producing 80 kt/y DME from imported methanol through dehydration process, in MGC’s existing plant.
Participants are Japan DME group (MGC, Itochu, JGC, MHI) and other Japanese companies (Japex, Toyota Tsusho, Taiyo oil and Mitsubishi Chemical) Total’s participation is 10% through Total DME Japan KK Starting-up in mid 2008
Objective : Promote and develop the use of DME for :
LPG or Distillate substitutes in IndustryDiesel Transport Fuel (Heavy - Duty Trucks, Bus and small Trucks, Fleets)Diesel Power Generation systems
Sea of Japan
Pacific Ocean
Japan
Tokyo
Niigata
19 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon
Information about DME
International DME Association (IDA):
www.aboutdme.org
DME Handbook issued by Japan DME Forum (available in English in October 2007)
Japan DME Forum
Korean DME Forum
20 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon