(DME 411) - Anucde · (DME 412) B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, JUNE 2010. Final Year Mechanical Engineering Paper II — ADVANCED MACHINE DESIGN Time : Three hours Maximum : 75 marks

(DME 411)

B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, JUNE 2010.

Final Year

Mechanical Engineering

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

Time : Three hours Maximum : 75 marks

Answer Question No. 1 compulsorily.

(15)

Answer ONE question from each Unit.

(4 × 15 = 60)

1. (a) Concept of productivity.

(b) Cycle graph.

(c) Method study.

(d) Standard time.

(e) Process layout.

(f) Job design.

(g) Sales promotion.

(h) Straight line method.

(DME 411) 2

UNIT I

2. (a) Suggest measures to improve productivity.

Or

(b) What are the principles of motion economy?

UNIT II

3. (a) Describe the procedure of organising work

sampling study.

Or

(b) Bring out object and techniques of work

measurement.

UNIT III

4. (a) Discuss the functions of management

logically.

Or

(b) Distinguish between public limited company

and private limited company.

UNIT IV

5. (a) Examine the stages in the life-cycle of a

product.

Or

(b) State the merits of ratio analysis.

——————

(DME 412)


Final Year


Paper II — ADVANCED MACHINE DESIGN


Answer question No. 1 is Compulsorily.

Answer ONE question form each Unit.

1. (a) List out various applications of springs.

(b) Classification of types of Brakes.

(c) What is the material used for friction surface in clutches?

(d) What is the main function of a flywheel in an engine?

(e) Explain the various types of cylinder lines.

(f) Define Reliability.

(g) What are Human aspects of design?

UNIT I

2. (a) Explain one method of avoiding the tendency of a compression spring to buckle.

(b) A helical spring ‘B’ is placed inside the coil of a second helical spring ‘A’, having the same

number of coils and free length. The spring are made of the same material. The

composite spring is compressed by an axial load of 2300 N which is shared between

them. The mean diameter of the spring ‘A’ and ‘B’ are 100 mm and 70 mm respectively

and wire diameters are 13 mm and 8 mm respectively. Find the load taken and the

maximum stress in each spring.

Or

3. A semi-elliptical spring has ten leaves in all, with the two full length leaves extending

625 mm. It is 62.5 wide and 6.25 mm thick. Design a helical spring with mean diameter of

coil 100 mm which will have approximately the same indused stress and deflection for any

load. The young’s modulus for the material of the semi-elliptical spring may be taken as

200 kN/mm2 and modulus of rigidity for the material of helical spring is 80 kN/mm2.

UNIT II

4. (a) What are the thermal considerations in brake design?

(b) A single block brake as shown in fig, has a draw diameter of 720 mm. If the brake

sustains 225 N-m torque at 500 rpm. Find :

(i) The required force (p) to apply the brake for clockwise rotation of the drum.

(ii) The required force (p) to apply the brake for counter clockwise rotation of the drum.

(DME 412) 2

(iii) The location of the fulcrum to make the brake self-locking for clockwise rotation of

the drum; and the coefficient of friction may be taken as 0.3.

Or

5. (a) Why a positive clutch is used? Describe, with the help of a neat sketch, the working of a

jaw or claw clutch.

(b) A multiple disc clutch has three discs on the driving shaft and two on the driven shaft,

providing four pairs of contact surfaces. The outer diameter of the contact surfaces is

250 mm and the inner diameter is 150 mm. Determine the maximum axial intensity of

pressure between the discs for transmitting 18.75 kW at 500 rpm. Assume uniform wear

and coefficient of friction as 0.3.

UNIT III

6. (a) What do you understand by ‘fluctuation of energy’ and maximum ‘fluctuation of energy’?

(b) Design a cast iron flywheel for a 4 stroke cycle engine to develop 110 kW at 150 r.p.m.

The work done in the power stroke is 1.3 times the average work done during the whole

cycle. The mean diameter of the flywheel as 3 meters. The total fluctuation of speed is

limited to 5 percent of the mean speed. The material density is 7250 kg/m3. The

permissible shear stress for the shaft material is 40 MPa and flexural stress for the arms

of flywheel is 20 MPa.

Or

7. (a) What are the methods and materials used in the manufacture of crankshafts?

(b) The following particulars refers to a four stroke cycle diesel engine. Cylinder

bore = 150 mm ; storke = 187.5 mm; R.P.M = 1200 ; Maximum gas pressure = 5.6 N/mm2

; Mass of reciprocating parts = 1.75 kg Determine :

(i) The dimensions of an I-section connecting rod it forced steel with an elastic limit

compressive stress of 350 MPa. The ratio of the length of connecting rod to the

length of Crank is 4 and the factor of safety may be taken as 5 ;

(ii) The wrist pin and Crank pin dimensions on the basis of bearing pressure 10 N/mm2

and 6.5 N/mm2 of the projected area respectively ; and

(DME 412) 3

(iii) The dimensions of the small and big ends of the connecting rods, including the size

of the securing bolts of the crank pin end. Assume that the allowable stress in the

bolts, is not to exceed 35 N/mm2.

Draw dimensioned sketches of the connecting rod showing the provisions for

lubrication.

UNIT IV

8. (a) List out solutions for practical problems encounted in design.

(b) Sketch and explain system design with an example.

Or

9. (a) Derive an expression to find act Reliability of series system having ‘n’ compounds.

(b) Find out System Reliability.

———————

(DME 413)


Final Year


Paper III — FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS



Answer ONE question form each Unit.

1. (a) Define poteutial energy and equilibrium.

(b) Write about Rayleigh-Ritz method.

(c) Fundamental concepts of FEM.

(d) Define truss. Write local and global co-ordinates.

(e) Draw a constant strain triangle (CSI).

(f) Define shape function.

(g) Derive an one-dimensional heat conduction equations.

UNIT I

2. (a) Derive an expression for principal stress caliculation.

(b) Using Galerkine method find out the stress caliculation equation.

Or

3. (a) Derive principal stresses using vonmises stress.

(b) Write short notes on Analysis of 3-D stresses and strain.

UNIT II

4. Consider the bar as shown in the figure. For each element i, Ai, and li care the cross-sectional

area and length, respectively. Each element i is subjected to a traction force Ti per unit

length and a body force f per unit volume. The units of Ti, f, Ai and so on are assumed to be

(DME 413) 2

consistent. The young’s modulus of the material is E. A concentrated load P2 is applied at

node 2. Fid the structural stiffness matrix and nodal load vector.

Or

5. Consider the four bar truss shown in figure. It is given that E, A for all elements.

(a) Determine the element stiffness matrix for each element.

(b) Assemble the structural stiffness matrix ‘K’ for the entire truss.

(c) Using the elimination approach, solve for the nodal displacement.

(d) Recover the stresses in each element.

(e) Calculate the reaction forces.

E, f = constant

A1 L1

A2 L2

A3 L3

A4 L4

(DME 413) 3

UNIT III

6. Evaluate the shape functions N1, N2 and N3 at the interior point P for the triangular element

shown in the figure given below.

Or

7. Using Galerkin Approach, derive an expression for interval virtual work and external virtual

work.

UNIT IV

8. An Axi symmetric body with a linearly distributed load on the conical surface is shown in

figure. Determine the equivalent point loads at nodes 2, 4 and 6.

Or

9. A metallic fin, with thermal conductivity K = 360 W/M°C. 0 Km thick, and 10 cm long

extends from a plane wall whose temperature is 235°C. Determine the temperature

distribution and amount of heat transferred from the fin to the air at 20°C with

h = 9 W/m2°C. Take the width of fin to be 1 m.

——————

(DME 414)


Final Year


Paper IV — COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING

AND AUTOMATION


Answer question No. 1 compulsorily.

(15)


(4 × 15 = 60)

1. (a) Define Automation.

(b) Write short notes on unconventional

machining.

(c) List out the components of NC system.

(d) Distinguish between CNC and DNC.

(e) How does can be read using punched tape?

(f) Explain GT.

(DME 414) 2

(g) List out types of Transfer lines.

UNIT I

2. (a) Explain and Line Balancing.

(b) Distinguish between Line Balancing and

Line of Balance.

Or

3. (a) Briefly describe reasons for automation and

discuss merits and demerits.

(b) Compare and contrast single spindle

automatic and multi spindle automatic

machines.

UNIT II

4. What is numerical control? Discuss the different

co-ordinate system and machine motion used in

NC. List out applications of NC.

Or

(DME 414) 3

5. Discuss in detail about current trends in NC.

UNIT III

6. (a) Explain manual part programming.

(b) Fig shown in NC of co-ordinate system write

the part-programming P0 = point/0, –1.0

P1 = point/6.0, 1.125,0.

Or

7. Write and list out different types of tape formats.

Discuss elaborately.

UNIT IV

8. Discuss the parts classification and coding

benefits of GT.

Or

9. Distinguish between CAPP and FMS.

(DME 414) 4

——————

(DME 415)


Final Year


Paper V — MECHATRONICS




1. (a) Define the term mechatronics.

(b) List out the classification of transducers.

(c) Draw the Block diagram of generalised data

acquisition system.

(d) Define hydraulic and pneumatic systems

(e) Define a control systems. Discuss the

classification of control systems.

(f) Identify various process controllers used in

the mechatronics system.

(g) List out classification of PLC on the basis of

side.

(DME 415) 2

UNIT I

2. (a) Describe the constituents of a mechatronic

system.

(b) State the working of an inductive

transducer.

Or

3. (a) Why signals conditioning elements are

necessary? Explain. What are the

applications of signal conditioning element?

(b) Draw a neat block diagram of a data logger

and explain it in detail.

UNIT II

4. (a) Distinguish between pneumatic and

hydraulic actuation system.

(b) Sketch and explain Block diagram

representation for fluid system model.

Or

5. (a) Explain the time response of first order

system to unit-step input.

(b) Derive the relationship between time and

frequency domain analysis.

(DME 415) 3

UNIT III

6. (a) Explain the classification of open and closed

loop control system.

(b) Explain the operation of an ac servomotor

with diagram.

Or

7. Compare PD, P-I and P-I-D controllers.

UNIT IV

8. Draw the block diagram of PLC and explain the

function of each block.

Or

9. Explain with a case study of pick and place robot.

——————

(DME 416 C)


Final Year


Paper VI — OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES




1. (a) Represent mathematically the statement of a optimization problem. (2)

(b) What is design constraints. (2)

(c) How do you define single variable optimization? (2)

(d) Distinguish between separable programming and multivariable programming. (2)

(e) What is relative minima and Global minima? (2)

(f) What is feasible region in LPP? (1)

(g) How do you solve a maximization problem as a minimization problem? (2)

(h) What is difference between design variables and pre assigned parameters? (2)

UNIT I

2. (a) Explain the constraint surfaces in a hypothetical two dimensional design space with a

neat sketch.

(b) Describe the different classification of optimization problems.

Or

3. The step cone pully shown in figure below is to be designed for transming power of at least

0.56 kW. The speed of the input shaft is 350 rpm and the output speed requirements are 750,

450, 250 and 150 rpm for a fixed center distance of 'a' between the input and output shafts.

The tension on tight side of the belt is to be kept more than twice that on the stack side. The

(DME 416 C) 2

thickness of the belt is t and the coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley in µ .

Formulate the problem of finding the width and diameters of the steps for minimum weights.

UNIT II

4. (a) Explain Golden section method.

(b) Solve the following problem of Golden section method.

Minimize the function ( ) ( )[ ]

−+−= −

xxxxf

1tan65.01/75.065.0 12 . Take 6=n .

Or

5. Explain the following : (15)

(a) Random search method

(b) Pattern search method

(c) Gradient search method.

UNIT III

6. (a) How can you identify an active contraint during numerical optimization?

(b) How can you compute language multipliers during numerical optimization?

Or

(DME 416 C) 3

7. (a) The number of air plane landing at an air part in a minute ( )X and their probabilities

are given by

x : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

( )ix XP : 0.02 0.15 0.22 0.26 0.17 0.14 0.04

Find the mean and S.D of X.

(b) The force applied on an engine brake ( )X is given by

( )

≤≤−

≤≤

kgxx

kgxx

xfx128

24

12

8048

Determine the mean and standard deviation of the force applied on the brake.

UNIT IV

8. A two bar truss is to be designed to carry a load of 2W as shown in Figure (1) below. Both

Bars have a tubular section with mean diameter OL and wall thickness t. The material of the

bars has young’s modulus E and yield stress yσ . The design problem in valves the

determination of the values of d and t so that the weight of the truss is a minimum and

neither yielding nor buckling occurs in any of the bars. Formulate the problem as a

nonlinear programming problem. (15)

Figure –1

Or

(DME 416 C) 4

9. The Figure (2) below shows two frictionless rigid bodies A and B connected by three elastic

springs having spring constants 321 ,, KKK . The springs are at there natural positions when

the applied force P in zero. Find the displacement 1x and 2x under the force P by using the

principle of minimum potential energy. (15)

Figure –2

————————

(DME 416 D)


Final Year


Paper VI — REFRIGERATION AND AIR

CONDITIONING




1. (a) Define Refrigeration effect.

(b) List out commonly used refrigerants.

(c) What are uses of ph chart?

(d) What is the working principle of evaporator?

(e) Define sensible heat and latent heat.

(f) What is Relative Humidity and Specific

Humidity?

(g) List requirement of industrial air

conditioning.

(DME 416 D) 2

UNIT I

2. (a) Draw P.V. and T-φ diagrams of a reversal

Carnot cycle applied to a refrigerating

machine and obtain an expression for its

COP.

(b) A Carnot refrigeration extracts 320 kJ of

heat Per minute from a cold chamber which

is maintained at –15°C and it is discharged

to atmosphere which is at 27°C. Find the

power required.

Or

3. (a) With the help of heat sketch explain single

cooling with simple evaporative type air

conditioning system of Aeroplane.

(b) A carnot refrigerator requires 1.5 w per ton

of refrigeration to maintain a temp of –40°C.

Determine :

(i) COP of the refrigerator.

(ii) The temperature at which the heat is

rejected.

(iii) The amount of heat rejected in KJ/min.

(iv) COP, if the cycle is used as a heat

pump.

(DME 416 D) 3

UNIT II

4. (a) Obtain an expression of a standard vapour

expression refrigeration system. Mention

their functions.

(b) List out the advantages of vapour

refrigeration system over air refrigeration

system.

Or

5. (a) What is the function of a condenser? How do

you classify the condensers?

(b) Illustrate the functioning of a evaporative

condenser and mention its applications.

UNIT III

6. (a) Draw a neat compact diagrams of Li-Br

water absorption refrigeration system and

explain its working.

(b) Discuss the relative merits and fields of

applications of vapour absorption system.

Or

7. (a) Explain the working principle of thermo-

electric refrigeration system. What are the

fields of its application?

(b) What are advantages and disadvantages of

steam jet refrigeration?

(DME 416 D) 4

UNIT IV

8. (a) Discuss briefly the different types of heat

loads which have to be taken into account in

order to estimate the total heat load of a

large restaurant for summer air

conditioning.

(b) Explain the different stages of human body

defence against variations of weather

condition during summer and winter.

Or

9. (a) Describe unitary and central air conditioning

system.

(b) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of

viscous filters over day filters.

———————

(DME 421)


Final Year


Paper VII — MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS




1. (a) Define the terms precision and resolution.

(b) List out the classification of errors.

(c) Discuss steady state error analysis.

(d) Classification of transducers.

(e) Define gauge factor.

(f) Principle of operation of Bellows.

(g) Define load cell. Listout types of load cell.

UNIT I

2. (a) Discuss elaborately about different types

errors.

(b) Fit the curve cmxy += using methods of

least squares.

Or

(DME 421) 2

3. (a) Explain the specifications of transient

response.

(b) Discuss Graphical analysis of fit a curve.

UNIT II

4. (a) With the help of a net diagrams explain the

working of RVDT.

(b) Sketch and explain different Bonded type of

strain gauges.

Or

5. (a) Sketch and explain the Ionization transduces.

(b) Discuss the method of fixing and bridge

circuits for measuring strain.

UNIT III

6. (a) State the working principle of a Bourdan

tube.

(b) Sketch and explain the working principle of

Bimetalic thermometers.

Or

7. (a) Write a short note on differential flowmeters.

(b) Explain the working principle of MC load

gauge.

(DME 421) 3

UNIT IV

8. (a) Explain any one of Elastic force meter.

(b) Discuss the working principle of a

mechanical Dynamometer-Rope and Brake.

Or

9. (a) Principle of seismic vibrations.

(b) With a neat block diagram discuss how to

read the seismic.

——————

(DME 422)


Final Year


Paper VIII — COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN




1. (a) Write about design process.

(b) Define Graphic terminal.

(c) What is an inherent memory display device?

(d) Define line and frame modeling.

(e) Explain surface modeling.

(f) Define the terms scaling and rotation.

(g) What do you mean by clipping operation?

(DME 422) 2

UNIT I

2. (a) Explain the applications of computer for

design.

(b) List out the benefits of CAD.

Or

3. (a) List out the video display devices. Explain

the working principle of Roster.

(b) Explain in detail about input device and

about each.

UNIT II

4. Draw the flow chart and write the Bresenham’s

algorithm. Generate a line with points ( ) ( )5,101,1

get the slope.

Or

5. List out different wireframe models their entities

and their definitions.

UNIT III

6. (a) Discuss about Reparametrisation of surface

patch.

(b) Explain about surface of revolution.

Or

(DME 422) 3

7. (a) Write short notes on sweep representation.

(b) Write about constructive solid geometry.

UNIT IV

8. (a) List out transformation principles.

(b) Write the matrix representation for

homogeneous co-ordinate.

Or

9. Discuss view in transformation and its

implementation practically.

———————

(DME 423)


Final Year


Paper IX — ENERGY RESOURCES UTILIZATION




1. (a) How the run-off is measured in practice?

(b) Define Hydrology and Hydrograph.

(c) What are the uses of ash and dust?

(d) Define steam condensers.

(e) What is meant by ‘Radio activity’?

(f) Define fixed cost and operating cost?

(g) What are different sources of geothermal

energy?

(DME 423) 2

UNIT I

2. (a) Define hydrograph and explain its

importance in the design of storage type

hydro-electric power project.

(b) Enumerate and explain briefly the factors

which should be considered while selecting

the site for hydro – electric plant.

Or

3. (a) List the essential components of a diesel

power plant and explain them briefly.

(b) Describe the working of a simple constant

pressure open-cycle gas turbine plant giving

a neat sketch. List its application.

UNIT II

4. (a) Enumerate and explain various modern ash-

handling systems.

(b) What do you understand by a word

‘Draught’? Explain the principle used in

forced and induced draught.

Or

5. (a) Draw a neat diagram of a Benson Boiler and

discuss its relative merits and demerits.

(b) What is the function of a cooling tower in a

modern steam power plant? Discuss its

merits and demerits.

(DME 423) 3

UNIT III

6. (a) Describe a Breeder reactor. What are its

advantages and disadvantages?

(b) List the advantages and limitations of

nuclear power plant.

Or

7. (a) Find the cost of generation per kW-hr from

the following data :

Capacity of the plant = 120 MW

Capital cost = Rs. 1,200 per kW installed

Interest and depreciation = 10% on capital

Fuel consumption = 1.2 kg kg/kW-hr

Fuel cost = Rs. 40 per tonn

Salaries, wages, repairs and

Maintenance = 600,000 per year

The maximum demand is 80 MW and load

factor is 40%.

(b) What do you understand by acid rains? What

are the reasons for this how they are

controlled?

(DME 423) 4

UNIT IV

8. (a) Explain with the help of a neat diagram a

solar pond electric power plant.

(b) What is the basic principle of wind power

with neat sketch explain types of wind mills?

Or

9. Write short notes on the following :

(a) Working of MHD generator.

(b) Fuel cells and its applications.

——————

(DME 424 C)


Final Year


Paper X — ROBOTICS




1. (a) List out Major Components of Robots.

(b) Discuss the classification of co-ordinate

system.

(c) Distinguish b/n fixed Vs flexible Automation.

(d) Define Us End Effectors. List out types of

end effectors.

(e) Explain the working of a potentiometer with

sketch.

(f) List out different types of sensors.

(g) Basic transformation operations.

(DME 424 C) 2

UNIT I

2. (a) Write short note on Robot Anatomy.

(b) The notation scheme described in sec.

2-1 provides as host hard method of

identifying robot configurations. For the

following arm and body designations,

describe the particular robot system, using

sketches when possible to illustrate the

robot.

(i) LLR (ii) RLR (iii) LRR (iv) LVR (v) LL-TRL.

Or

3. (a) Discuss the Robot Applications.

(b) Sketch and explain construction and

configuration of SCARA Robot.

UNIT II

4. What are the considerations in the selection and

design of remote centered devices?

Or

5. Write the classification of types of grippers sketch

and explain about the any two of them.

(DME 424 C) 3

UNIT III

6. (a) Discuss in detail about proximity sensors.

(b) What is an optical encoders of obsolute type?

Why it is useful?

Or

7. (a) Sketch and explain about photo detector

sensor.

(b) Sketch and explain about interrupted type

sensors.

UNIT IV

8. Derive an expression for co-ordinates in Reverse

transformation of the 2-Degree of Freedom Arm.

Or

(DME 424 C) 4

9. Find the A Matrices for the Manipulation in fig. using parameters given in

——————

(DME 424 D)


Final Year


Paper X — COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS



(15)


(4 × 15 = 60)

1. (a) List out two applications on CFD.

(b) What is consistency?

(c) What is convergency?

(d) What is stability?

(e) Expand ADI and give an example.

(f) Write the equations for cartesian coordinates

of 3D incompressable navier-stroke’s

equation.

(g) List out grid generation methods.

(h) What is face area?

(i) What is cell volume?

(j) What is dissipative errors?

(DME 424 D) 2

(k) What is dispersion errors?

(l) What is scalar conversion law give an

example?

(m) What is rate of convergency?

(n) What is discretization?

(o) Define adaptive grid with a neat sketch.

UNIT I

2. (a) Explain Navier Stroke’s equation in

differential form.

(b) Consider the continuity and momentum

equation of Navier-Strokes equation and

convert into dimensionless form.

Or

3. (a) Explain how CFD can be used as design tool

and research tool.

(b) Enumerate the applications of CFD in heat

transfer.

UNIT II

4. (a) Explain the process of descretisation of

derivatives with an example.

(b) Explain cell centered scheme.

Or

(DME 424 D) 3

5. (a) Explain the equivalence between finite

difference and finite volume methods.

(b) Explain the techniques used discretization of

finite volume and finite elements.

UNIT III

6. (a) Explain any one concept of co-ordinate

transformation in CFD.

(b) Explain the procedure for calculation of arc

lengths.

Or

7. (a) Explain the body fitted grid generation using

elliptic-type equations.

(b) Explain modern methods in grid generation.

UNIT IV

8. (a) Explain the LAXWENDORFF technique.

(b) Solve using the Lax-Wendroff scheme the

first time step solution of inviscid Burgis

equation ( ) 02

1 2 =+xt

uu , with initial

condition ( ) 10,0, ≤≤= xxxu and

boundary condition ( ) 0,0 =tu for all time.

Compute with the exact solution

( )

++−= xtttxu 4

2

1, 2 assuming 2.0=∆x .

Or

(DME 424 D) 4

9. (a) Explain the Crank-Nicholson technique.

(b) Consider the initial boundary value problem

2

2

x

uk

t

u

∂∂=

∂∂

where k is constant 0>t with

initial condition ( ) xxu πsin0, = for 10 << x

and boundary conditions ( ) 0,0 =tu ;

( ) 0,1 =tu for all time 0≥t solve the above

problem by Nicholson technique.

——————

Documents

(DME 411) - Anucde · (DME 412) B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, JUNE 2010. Final Year Mechanical Engineering Paper II — ADVANCED MACHINE DESIGN Time : Three hours Maximum : 75 marks