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Supplementary material (Tables S1-S3, Figures S1-S7) 1

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Diverse growth trends and climate responses across Eurasia’s boreal forest 3

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Short title: Growth variability and climate sensitivity of boreal forests 5

6

Lena Hellmann1,2

, Leonid Agafonov3, Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist

4,5, Olga Churakova 7

(Sidorova)6, Elisabeth Düthorn

7, Jan Esper

7, Lisa Hülsmann

1,6, Alexander V. Kirdyanov

8,9, 8

Pavel Moiseev10

, Vladimir S. Myglan9, Anatoly N. Nikolaev

11,12, Frederick Reinig

1, Fritz H. 9

Schweingruber1, Olga Solomina

13, Willy Tegel

14, and Ulf Büntgen

1,2,15,* 10

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1Swiss Federal Research Institute, WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland 12

2Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Bern, Switzerland 13

3Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology UD RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia 14

4Department of History, Stockholm University, Sweden 15

5Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Sweden 16

6ETH Zurich, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Zurich, Switzerland 17

7Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany 18

8V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 19

9Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 20

10Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Division, RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia 21

11North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia 22

12Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Yakutsk, Russia 23

13Institute of Geography, RAS, Moscow, Russia 24

14Institute for Forest Sciences IWW, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany 25

15Global Change Research Centre AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic 26

27 * Corresponding Author: buentgen@wsl.ch, phone: +41 44 7392 479 (679) 28

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Table S1: AGR per grid (N0-N8 and S0-S8) and species (Larix, Pinus, Picea). 38

AGR (mm) N0 N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8

Larix - - 0.74 1.34 0.62 0.42 0.83 0.58 0.72

Pinus 0.92 1.17 1.08 1.40 - - 0.69 - -

Picea 1.06 1.00 1.06 0.74 0.59 0.33 - - -

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AGR (mm) S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8

Larix - 1.73 0.92 1.12 0.68 0.69 1.01 0.50 1.57

Pinus 0.93 1.21 1.10 1.14 0.87 0.71 1.15 1.44 -

Picea 1.71 1.85 0.90 0.91 0.93 0.88 0.67 - -

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Table S2: Mean segment length (MSL) per grid (N0-N8 and S0-S8) and species (Larix, 41

Pinus, Picea). 42

MSL (years) N0 N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8

Larix - - 113 92 94 107 105 132 101

Pinus 118 108 110 49 - - 114 - -

Picea 90 92 83 75 100 64 - - -

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MSL (years) S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8

Larix - 105 112 77 115 48 94 141 49

Pinus 99 86 102 94 110 67 75 67 -

Picea 58 65 95 76 89 77 102 - -

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Table S3: Significant correlation coefficients (x) of all 445 individual TRW site chronologies 45

against different monthly and seasonal temperature means (1951-1990). 46

Site JJ JJA June July Site JJ JJA June July Site JJ JJA June July

AIL x MEK russ114 x

AMGL MEL russ115

AMGP MESIM russ116

AMH x MND russ117

AML x MOL russ119 x x

AMT1L NADMP russ120

AMT2L NAM-1 russ121

AMTL NAM-2 russ122

AMTP NAM-3 russ123

ARE NAM-4 russ124 x x x

B02E NAML russ125

B19S x x NAMP russ126

BAV x x x NEL russ128

BAVLOW NER x russ132 x x x

Berezovo x NIRS russ134 x x x

BLS NKV russ138 x x x

ВOR NKV2 russ141

BPHL norw001 x x x russ142 x x x x

BrovkaLG norw002 x russ143

BrovkaPO norw003 russ144 x

BSTP norw004 russ145

BTM norw005 x russ146

BUGL norw006 russ147

BUGP norw007 russ148

BUGS x x norw008 x x x russ149

BUT x norw009 x x russ155

CHAL norw010 x x russ159

CHAS norw011 x russ160 x

CHICH norw012 x x russ161 x

CHKL norw013 russ162

CHKP norw015 x russ163

CHM x NOYBL russ165

CHUR NOYBP russ166

Churapcha OGNL x russ174 x x x

cp0 P0K russ175

cpy PIS russ177

cva PIT x russ178 x x x

DGML PlatLG x x russ179 x

DJP PlatPO russ180 x

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DYRG PTD russ181

e87 PTK russ182

e90 x x PTW russ183

ekn x x PUN russ184 x x x x

elm x RAZ russ185 x x x x

ELNL russ001 x x x x russ187 x x x

ep0 russ002 x russ188 x x x

etl x russ016 russ189 x x x

finl001 russ019 russ191 x x

finl002 russ021 russ192

finl003 russ022 x x russ193 x

finl004 russ023 russ194

finl005 russ024 x x russ195

finl008 russ025 x russ196

finl010 x x russ027 x russ197

finl011 x russ028 x x russ198

finl012 russ029 x russ199

finl013 russ030 x x x russ201

finl014 russ031 x x x x russ202

finl015 russ032 x x russ203

finl016 russ033 x x x russ204

finl017 russ034 russ206

finl018 russ035 x x x russ216 x

finl019 russ036 russ217

finl020 russ037 russ218

finl021 x x x russ038 x russ220 x x x x

finl022 x x x russ039 russ221 x x

finl038 russ040 russ223 x x x

finl039 russ041 x russ224 x x x x

finl040 russ042 russ225 x x x x

finl041 russ043 russ237 x x

finl042 russ044 x x x russ238 x

finl043 russ045 russ239 x x x x

finl044 russ046 russ242

finl045 russ047 S94

finl046 russ048 x SHU-E

finl047 russ049 SHU-L x x x x

finl049 russ050 SIN1

finl052 russ051 SIN2

finl054 x russ052 SIN3

finl055 x russ053 Site_A

finl056 russ055 Site_M

finl057 russ056 Site_S

finl058 russ057 SKS x

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finl059 russ058 SOSNS x x

finl060 x x x russ059 SOT

finl061 x x x russ060 SPL

finl062 x x x russ061 x SPP

finl063 russ062 SUNTAR x

finl064 russ063 SURG1P

finl065 russ064 SURG3P

finl066 x x russ065 x x swed002

finl1 russ066 swed004

finl2 russ069 swed006

finl3 russ070 swed007

finl4 russ071 x x swed008

GLIS russ072 swed009 x

GOL russ073 swed011 x x

GRN1L russ074 swed012

GRN3L russ075 swed013

GRN4L russ076 swed014 x x x

GRN5Р russ077 swed015 x x x

HOML russ078 x x swed017 x x x

HOMP russ079 x swed018

HOS russ080 x swed019 x

I11S x x russ081 swed020 x

I12L x x x russ082 swed305

JOU russ083 swed306

KAR russ084 swed312

Kazim russ085 x x x swed316

KES russ086 x swed317

KHA1_L x x x russ087 x x x swed318 x

KHA1_P x x russ088 swed319

KHA9_L x x russ089 swed322

KHA9_P x x x russ090 swed323

KHAP russ091 swed324

KHRL russ092 swed325

KHRP x russ093 swed326

KID russ094 x x swed327

KIR x x x russ095 tmc

KIW x russ096 x TOD x

KNK2L russ097 TOW x

KNK3L russ098 x x x TPK

KOK x russ099 TRU

KOT x x russ100 TUK

KOV russ101 x TURA2005 x

KUL russ102 TuraPISY

KURB x russ103 TYN

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KUU x russ104 V

KUU_pcab x russ105 VELL

KUZP russ106 VELS x x x

KUZS russ107 WHL

lkn x x russ108 YAKP

LOF x x x russ109 YAR

lp0 russ110 x x YKCH

MEBOR russ111 x x x ZOT

MEEXA russ112 ZOTPIOB

MEEXB russ113

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Figure S1: Tree-ring sites and their according elevation: (A) color codes refer to altitudinal 49

classes, the lowest sites are located at 0 m above sea level and the highest at 620 m. (B) shows 50

the altitudinal distribution of all sites. 51

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Figure S2: Growth trends of the three boreal species Pinus (green), Picea (orange), and Larix 53

(yellow). Data are separated between northern (N, 65-73°N) and southern (S, 60-65°N) 54

regions and from west to east from 0-20°E (0), 21-40°E (1), 41-60°E (2), 61-80°E (3), 81-55

100°E (4), 101-120°E (5), 121-140°E (6), 141-160°E (7), 161-180°E (8). Plus or minus signs 56

indicate the direction of trends and full circles highlight significant trends (p ≤ 0.01). 57

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Figure S3. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between TRW sites of pine, spruce, and larch 60

and June-July (JJ) temperature (A), June-July-August (JJA) temperature (B), June 61

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temperature (C), and July temperature (D). Colors indicate the correlation coefficients 62

classified into values <0.3, 0.3-0.39 and ≥0.4. Stars highlight significant (p ≤0.01) correlation 63

coefficients. Correlations were calculated over the period 1951-1990 against high-resolution 64

(0.5° × 0.5°) gridded temperature data, from the CRU dataset (CRU TS3.22, land only). TRW 65

chronologies were power transformed and age trend was removed by applying a negative 66

exponential detrending. Background shading indicates mean JJ temperature (A), mean JJA 67

temperature (B), mean June temperature (C), and mean July temperature (D) for 1950-2000 68

(Hijmans et al 2005). 69

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Figure S4. Pearson correlation coefficients against temperature (red, A-C) and precipitation 72

(D-F, blue) per species (A & D: Pinus, B & E: Picea, C & D: Larix), as a function of latitude, 73

with the dashed lines referring to species-specific linear trends. 74

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Figure S5. Pearson correlation coefficients against temperature (red, A-C) and precipitation 77

(D-F, blue) per species (A & D: Pinus, B & E: Picea, C & D: Larix), as a function of JJ 78

temperature. Lines show linear trends for each species. 79

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Figure S6. Pearson correlation coefficients against temperature (red, A-C) and precipitation 82

(D-F, blue) per species (A & D: Pinus, B & E: Picea, C & D: Larix), as a function of JJ 83

precipitation. Lines show linear trends for each species. 84

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Figure S7. (A) Mean inter-series and mean inter-site correlation per species for the different 87

grid cells. (B) Decreasing inter-site correlation between the sites per species with increasing 88

distance. 89