DISTRICT SPATIAL PLAN THRISSURtownplanning.kerala.gov.in/town/wp-content/uploads/2019/...Kerala – Study on Urbanisation in Thrissur District”. Thrissur is one of the district in

DISTRICT SPATIAL PLAN

T H R I S S U R

DEPARTMENT OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING - GOVERNMENT OF KERALA

January 2011

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PREFACE

Planning is a prerequisite for effective development. Development becomes comprehensive when growth

centres are identified considering physical, social and economic variables of an area in an integrated manner.

This indicates that planning of villages and towns are to be complementary. Second Administrative Reforms

Commission (ARC) while interpreting the article 243 ZD of the Constitution of India states as follows. “This, in

other words, means that the development needs of the rural and urban areas should be dealt with in an integrated

manner and, therefore, the district plan, which is a plan for a large area consisting of villages and towns, should

take into account such factors as ‘spatial planning’, sharing of ‘physical and natural resources’, integrated

development of infrastructure’ and ‘environmental conservation’. All these are important, because the

relationship between villages and towns is complementary. One needs the other. Many functions that the towns

perform as seats of industry, trade and business and as providers of various services, including higher education,

specialized health care services, communication etc have an impact on the development and welfare of rural

people. Similarly, the orderly growth of the urban centre is dependent on the kind of organic linkage it establishes

with its rural hinterland”. Therefore a move of harmonizing urban and rural centres of an area can be said as a

move of planned urbanisation of the area.

In this context, it is relevant to mention the 74th Amendment Act of the Constitution of India, which

mandated the District Planning Committee to prepare a draft development plan for the district. As per Article 243

ZD of the Constitution, the District Planning Committee (DPC) shall consolidate Panchayat/Municipality Plans in

the district and prepare draft development plan for the district as a whole. The Constitution also specifies that

while preparing draft development plan due regard shall be given to matters of common interest between

panchayats and municipalities including spatial planning, sharing of water and other physical and natural resources,

the integrated development of infrastructure and environmental conservation. In this respect, the district of

Kollam has conducted an important experiment of preparation of an Integrated District Development Plan (IDDP)

for the district. Through preparation of IDDP, the District Planning Committee of Kollam has become the first ever

DPC in the country to own a District Development Plan as envisaged by the Constitution. This path-breaking

venture has become a model in participatory district planning in a spatial platform. The Plan was released during

the international conference on district planning held at Kollam in August 2009. The Plan is now sanctioned by

Government of Kerala. As per G.O (Rt) 354/04/LSGD dated 01.02.07, the State Government have extended the

project to the remaining districts in the state and the districts of Alappuzha, Thrissur, Idukki, Palakkad and

Wayanad were selected for extending the project in the first phase. However, even in these districts, preparation

of IDDP is yet to be completed.

Preparation of such a plan will surely need decisions and commitment at various levels due to the multiplicity

of agencies involved and the vast spectrum of aspects to be addressed. However, delay in planning shall not

affect development. Hence a step by step approach may be adopted in planning. Therefore, the Department of

Town and Country Planning evolved a sequence of plan preparation at district level, involving District Urbanisation

Report (DUR), District Spatial Plan (DSP) and Integrated District Development Plan (IDDP).

The District Urbanisation Report defines the future spatial structure of a district, which is formulated by

integrating hierarchy and activity pattern of urban and rural settlements and the connectivity between them.

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The spatial structure of a district will act as a frame for the orderly development of urban centres and their rural

hinterland subsequently leading to a planned urbanisation.

The District Spatial Plan is a synergistic form of the District Urbanisation Report, since as a plan it is

congruent to a single unified physical design for the district through setting development goals and objectives

and formulating the development concept of the district. DSP will frame the general policies and strategies and

streamline directions of development of the district. The Development Directives of DSP is carved in the spatial

platform through the synthesis of findings of the analysis over the spatial structure based on secondary sources

of data. But it lacks the resource studies as co-ordination of various agencies remain as an uphill task.

The Integrated District Development Plan can be termed as the highest echelon of this series and manifest

all features of the draft district development plan as envisaged in Article 243ZD of the Constitution of India.

Democratisation of planning and translation of sectoral policies into spatial plans are the paramount qualities of

IDDP as against DSP. IDDP comprises of two components; a Perspective Plan for 15-20 years and an Execution Plan

for 5 years.

As said earlier, IDDP for Kollam District is already prepared under the leadership of the District Planning

Committee, Kollam with the involvement of all the Local Governments in the district and Special Technical

Advisory Committee for IDDP. The Department of Town and Country Planning gave technical support for Plan

preparation besides coordinating the entire process in the role of nodal agency.

Now, the Department has prepared District Spatial Plans for the districts of Thrissur and Palakkad and

District Urbanisation Reports for the districts of Thiruvananthapuram, Pathanamthitta, Alappuzha, Kottayam,

Ernakulam, Idukki, Malappuram, Kozhikkode, Wayanad, Kannur and Kasaragod. The District Spatial Plan for Thrissur

is one among the series.

I take this opportunity to appreciate the officials of the Thrissur District Office of the Department, headed

by Smt. P.V. Mary in the preparation of this document. The State Project Cell for LDP-IDDP-SPP played anchor role

in this regard, right from conceptualisation to shaping the end product. The toolkits and customised computer

applications developed by the State Project Cell has enabled the district offices to accomplish the task in a time

bound manner. I also appreciate the consistent efforts of Sri. Jacob Easow, Senior Town Planner,

Smt.Ushakumari.P.R, Town Planner, Sri. Baiju.K, Deputy Town Planner and other officials of the State Project Cell.

I also appreciate the officials of the circle, headed by Sri. G. Mohanan, Senior Town Planner, for their efforts in

finalising the District Spatial Plan for Thrissur District.

This is a step forward on the ladder leading to the draft development plan for the district as laid down in

the Constitution. It is hoped that the district of Thrissur will further extend the District Spatial Plan into Integrated

District Development Plan for the district.

Certainly, the District Spatial Plan for Thrissur District will streamline the directions of development of the

district by way of providing a framework for development as well as future planning of the district.

Thiruvananthapuram Eapen Varughese

11-2-2011 Chief Town Planner

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The “District Spatial Plan for Thrissur” envisages planned sustainable spatial development of the District.

The preparation of the Plan was started in March 2010 as part of preparation of the “State Perspective Plan for

Kerala – Study on Urbanisation in Thrissur District”. Thrissur is one of the district in the state where the project of

preparation of Integrated District Development Plan (IDDP) and Local Development Plans (LDP) has been ex-

tended vide GO (Rt) 354/04/LSGD dated 1/2/07. The data base and initial analysis done for the above study and

that collected for the IDDP have been intensively used for the preparation of this plan.

In this regard I am grateful to the encouraging leadership and motivation given by our Department head

Sri Eapen Varghese, Chief Town Planner to Govt. of Kerala. But for his support and leadership , the plan would

not have came to light within a short period.

I also express my gratitude for the creative and valuable advice given by Sri. G. Mohanan, Senior Town

Planner, Office of the Cheif Town Planner, Thiruvananthapuram in the preparation of the plan.

The report was finalized after a series of discussions, revisions, editing etc. I would like to thank all those

who have participated in these discussions and plan preparation. The carving out of methodology, using appro-

priate planning techniques, data analysis and above all constant and effective monitoring are crucial in the

successful completion of any plan. The success of this plan is also the result of efforts taken by a dedicated team

of officers of the Department. In this connection, I am extremely thankful to Sri. Jacob Easow, Senior Town

Planner, Smt.Ushakumari P.R. Town Planner, Sri.K. Baiju, Deputy Town Planner and other staff of State Project

Cell, CTP Office, Thiruvananthapuram for their support, guidance and valuable assistance for materializing this

plan.

Last but not the least, I also convey my thanks to the officials of District Planning Unit Thrissur, especially to

Sri. T.N. Rajesh, Deputy Town Planner and other staff in IDDP/LDP Project cell, Thrissur, for their sincere and

dedicated service in preparing this plan.

I once again express my gratitude to all those who were associated for successful completion of this plan

and I believe that it will contribute to the orderly development of the District.

Thrissur P.V. Mary

19-1-2011 Town Planner, Thrissur

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CONTENTS District Spatial Plan - Thrissur

Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

CONTENTS

Chapter-1 Profile of the District1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................12. Location ........................................................................................................................................13. Administrative divisions ...............................................................................................................14. Topography and physical features ................................................................................................55. Socio-Economic aspects ...............................................................................................................96. Inference .................................................................................................................................... 13

Chapter-2 History and Regional Linkages1. History ........................................................................................................................................ 152. Regional Linkages ......................................................................................................................173. Connectivity ................................................................................................................................184. Inference .................................................................................................................................... 21

Chapter-3 Population1. Population size .............................................................................................................................232. Growth rate of population ............................................................................................................ 263. Population density ....................................................................................................................... 344. Sex ratio .......................................................................................................................................405. Population concentration pattern ................................................................................................ 446. Migration details .......................................................................................................................... 487. Population projection (Trend based) ............................................................................................ 488. Inference ......................................................................................................................................49

Chapter-4 Occupational Structure1. Work force of the district ..............................................................................................................512. Occupational Structure ................................................................................................................. 533. Occupational Structure - Variation in Urban and Rural areas ....................................................... 564. Spatial distribution of the major class of workers .........................................................................595. Occupational Structure - Temporal variation ................................................................................656. Projection of occupational structure (trend based) ....................................................................... 687. Inference .......................................................................................................................................70

Chapter-5 Land use1. Land use Pattern of Kerala state ................................................................................................... 712. Land use Break up of Thrissur district ........................................................................................... 723. Regional land use .........................................................................................................................744. Concentration pattern of land uses ..............................................................................................77

4.1 Agricultural land use ............................................................................................................ 774.2 Other Built up Land Use ....................................................................................................... 794.3 Forest Land Use .................................................................................................................... 794.4 Residential Land Use ............................................................................................................ 81

5. Analysis of Agricultural land uses .................................................................................................85

IV

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur CONTENTS


5.1 Concentration Pattern of Agricultural land use ....................................................................885.2 Concentration Pattern of Coconut land use .........................................................................885.3 Concentration Pattern of Mixed Crop ...................................................................................885.4 Concentration Pattern of Paddy ............................................................................................905.5 Concentration Pattern of Rubber ..........................................................................................90

6. Major agriculture activities ...........................................................................................................917. Activity zones based on land use concentration pattern ..............................................................938. Inference .......................................................................................................................................96

Chapter-6 Functional Character of settlements1. Character of settlements ..............................................................................................................972. Inference . .....................................................................................................................................99

Chapter-7 Hierarchy of settlements1. Existing Hierarchy of Settlements ............................................................................................... 1012. Suggested Hierarchy of Settlements-Methodology adopted ....................................................... 1033. Suggested Hierarchy of Settlements-Procedure adopted ............................................................ 1044. Character of higher order settlements ........................................................................................ 1065. Inference . ...................................................................................................................................111

Chapter-8 Urban Profile1. Trend of Urbanization Kerala ....................................................................................................... 1132. Census urban areas in Thrissur District ...................................................................................... 1153. Urban population content - existing ........................................................................................... 1164. Decadal variation in urban population content Vs urban area ....................................................1165. Growth rate of urban population .................................................................................................1166. Urban settlements - 1971-2001 .................................................................................................. 1197. Future urbanization profile of the District ...................................................................................1198. Urban profile ............................................................................................................................... 1259. Function (suggested) to be performed by various higher order settlements .............................. 12710. Inference ...................................................................................................................................127

Chapter -9 Connectivity1. Description of Hierarchy of settlements ...................................................................................1292. Description of Hierarchy nodes ................................................................................................ 1293. Existing net work ......................................................................................................................1304. Suggested network ................................................................................................................... 1315. Future connectivity. ..................................................................................................................1326. Inference .................................................................................................................................. 134

Chapter-10 Activity Pattern1. Description of land use concentration pattern .........................................................................1352. Description of future urban profile ........................................................................................... 1363. Description of functional classification .................................................................................... 1364. Determination of activity pattern .............................................................................................138

4.1 Urban Activity .....................................................................................................................138

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4.2 Primary Activity ................................................................................................................... 1384.3 Secondary Activity .............................................................................................................. 1394.4 Agricultural Activity Non-determinantal to forest ............................................................... 1394.5 Agricultur and Alied activit ................................................................................................. 140

5. Inference .................................................................................................................................. 142

Chapter-11 Spatial Structure1. Spatial structure of the District ................................................................................................... 143

1.1 Hierarchy of settlements .................................................................................................... 1431.2 Activity pattern ................................................................................................................... 1431.3 Connectivity ........................................................................................................................ 1451.4 Spatial structure ................................................................................................................. 148

2. Inference ..................................................................................................................................... 148

Chapter-12 Findings ....................................................................................................................... 151

Chapter-13 Goals and objectives1. Development Goals .................................................................................................................. 1572. Development Objectives .......................................................................................................... 158

Chapter-14 Tentative Development Concept1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1612. Development Concept Formation ............................................................................................. 1613. Tentative Development Concept .............................................................................................. 1654. Development Zones.................................................................................................................. 1675. Hierarchy of Settlements .......................................................................................................... 1706. Transportation network ............................................................................................................ 1707. Function of Settlements ............................................................................................................ 1728. Projection of population ........................................................................................................... 1739. Projection of workforce ............................................................................................................ 18610. Inference .................................................................................................................................. 197

Chapter-15 Development Directives1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1992. General Policies and Stratagies ................................................................................................ 1993. Development Stratagies ........................................................................................................... 1994. Development Directives ............................................................................................................ 201

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VII

Table 1.1 Taluks and Taluk Head Quarters.............................................................................. 2Table 1.2 Blocks and Block Head Quarters ............................................................................. 4Table 1.3 Thrissur District: Land Utilization Pattern by Category, 2003-05

(Area in Ha) .......................................... 9Table 1.4 Literacy Rate in various districts, 2001.................................................................... 9Table 1.5 WPR of workers - comparison with state................................................................. 10Table 1.6 GSDP in various districts, 2008-09 .......................................................................... 10Table 1.7 NSDP in various districts - 2003-04 ........................................................................ 11Table 1.8 PCI in various districts, 2008-09 ............................................................................. 12Table 3.1 Population – Comparison with the State ................................................................. 23Table 3.2 Population and Growth rate of Population Districts wise ....................................... 26Table 3.3 Growth rate of Population – Comparison with State .............................................. 28Table 3.4 Population & Area Details of Grama Panchayats showing negative growth rate

during 1991-2001..................................................................................................... 32Table 3.5 Interpolated population and corresponding growth rate of Grama Panchayats

showing negative growth rate due to change in area............................................. 32Table 3.6 Grouping of LSGs based on the range of gross population density 2001 36Table 3.7 Projected District Population – Decreasing rate method ....................................... 48Table 3.8 Projected District Population – Apportionment method ......................................... 49Table 3.9 Final Projected Population figures of the District ................................................... 49Table 4.1 Total Workers and Main workers 1981-2001 .......................................................... 53Table 4.2 Four fold classification of workers - 2001, Thrissur District ................................... 54Table 4.3 Workers Classification – Urban and Rural Break up ............................................... 56Table 4.4 Concentration Pattern of Workers ........................................................................... 62Table 4.5 Four fold Classification of workers - 1981 to 2001 ................................................. 65Table 4.6 Four fold classification of urban workers : 1981-2001 ........................................... 66Table 4.7 Four fold classification of rural workers : 1981-2001 .............................................. 67Table 4.8 Value of WPR ........................................................................................................... 68Table 4.9 Number of workers WPR ........................................................................................ 69Table 4.10 Number of workers Projected................................................................................... 70Table 4.11 Projection of workers in urban and rural areas ....................................................... 70Table 5.1 Land use breakup – Kerala State ............................................................................. 71Table 5.2 Land use breakup – Thrissur District ...................................................................... 73Table 5.3 Comparison of Land use break up of Thrissur District and Kerala state ................ 74Table 5.4 Land use break - comparison with Neighbouring Districts ..................................... 74Table 5.5 Break up of Agricultural land use, Thrissur District, 2008 ..................................... 84Table 5.6 Break up of Agricultural land use, Thrissur District, 2008 ..................................... 86Table 5.7 Grouping of land use classifications ...................................................................... 92Table 5.8 Criteria for determination of activity based on Land use ....................................... 95

LIST OF TABLES



Table 6.1 Functional character of LSGs ..................................................................................... 99Table 7.1 Suggested hierarchy of settlements .......................................................................... 110Table 8.1 Population (2001) of Kerala at a glance .................................................................... 113Table 8.2 Trends of population growth of Kerala - 1981-2001 .................................................. 113Table 8.3 Trends in urbanization of Kerala - 1981-2001 ........................................................... 114Table 8.4 Census Towns & Out growth in Thrissur District - 2001 ........................................... 115Table 8.5 Thrissur District - variation in urban content 1991-2001 .......................................... 116Table 8.6 Growth rate of urban population – Comparison with state ....................................... 118Table 8.7 Urban settlements in different period of time .......................................................... 119Table 8.8 Future urban profile of the District ........................................................................... 124Table 8.9 Urban profile - Phasing ............................................................................................. 126Table 8.10 Facilities in general to be provided ........................................................................... 126Table 10.1 Classification of settlement ...................................................................................... 137Table 10.2 Urban Activity ............................................................................................................ 138Table 10.3 Primary Activity .......................................................................................................... 139Table 10.4 Agricultural activity non detrimental to forest ......................................................... 140Table 10.5 Agriculture and allied activity ................................................................................... 141Table 11.1 Transportation corridor development based on regional spatial structure .............. 145Table 14.1 Zone wise impact on population growth rate and occupation structure.................. 173Table 14.2 Population growth rate – Projected (Trend Based).................................................... 174Table 14.3 Zone wise population and area (2001)...................................................................... 175Table 14.4 Projected growth rate (Induced) – 2021 of the district.............................................. 176Table 14.5 Zone wise growth rate –Trend based ........................................................................ 177Table 14.6 Zone wise induced growth rate ................................................................................. 179Table 14.7 Zone wise population in 2021 ................................................................................... 180Table 14.8 Zone wise population based on projected induced growth rate................................ 181Table 14.9 Percentage of population in 2001& 2021.................................................................. 181Table 14.10Population Density – Zone wise ................................................................................ 182Table 14.11Projection of WPR –Thrissur District ......................................................................... 186Table 14.12Zone wise WPR - 2001 .............................................................................................. 188Table 14.13The combined average WPR - zone wise .................................................................. 188Table 14.14 Projected WPR - zone wise ...................................................................................... 190Table 14.15Total Workers projected - 2021 ................................................................................. 191Table 14.16Main to Marginal Workers ratio ................................................................................ 191Table 14.17Zone wise main workers - Projected ......................................................................... 192Table 14.18Existing occupational structure - 2001 ...................................................................... 192Table 14.19 Zone wise Area & Population ................................................................................... 193Table 14.20The projected occupational structure ....................................................................... 194Table 14.21Projected no of Workers - 2021 ................................................................................ 194Table 15.1 Future urban profile of the District ........................................................................... 201Table 15.2 Nature of developments suggested in various development zones ......................... 204Table 15.3 Zone wise population in 2021 ................................................................................... 209Table 15.4 Projected number of workers ..................................................................................... 210

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LIST OF FIGURES

Fig 1.1 Location of Thrissur 1Fig1.2 Taluks – Thrissur District 2Fig 1.3 Blocks – Thrissur District 3Fig 1.4 Spatial Distribution of LSGs of the District 4Fig 1.5 Physiographic division of the District 5Fig 1.6 Water bodies of Thrissur District 8Fig 1.7 District -wise Sectoral Distribution of GSDP at current prices - 2007-08 11Fig 2.1 Regional connectivity with other district 18Fig 2.2 Transportation Network - Thrissur District 19Fig 2.3 Water Bodies - Thrissur District 20Fig 3.1 Population size - Comparison with surrounding districts 24Fig 3.2 Population – Urban & Rural - Comparison with surrounding districts 24Fig 3.3 Population size of State - Temporal Variation 25Fig 3.4 Population size of Thrissur - Temporal Variation 25Fig 3.5 District wise distribution of population growth rate 1991 - 2001 27Fig 3.6 Population growth rate comparison with State - 2001 census 27Fig 3.7 Population growth rate comparison with surrounding districts 28Fig 3.8 Population growth rate - comparison with State - Temporal variation 29Fig 3.9 Population growth rate 1971-81 Local Self Govt.wise 29Fig 3.10 Population growth rate 1991- Local body wise 30Fig 3.11 Population growth rate 2001- Local body wise 31Fig 3.12 LSGI showing increase of G.R from 1981-2001 31Fig 3.13 LSGs with highest Growth rate of population 32Fig 3.14 LSGs with negative growth rate based on 1991-2001 census of population 33Fig 3.15 District wise distribution of Gross density of population growth rate 34Fig 3.16 Population density - comparison with State (2001) 34Fig 3.17 Population density - comparison with surrounding districts (2001) 35Fig 3.18 Gross Population density 2001- Local body wise 35Fig 3.19 Net Population density 2001- Local body wise 40Fig 3.20 Comparison of sex ratio with State 41Fig 3.21 Comparison of sex ratio 41Fig 3.22 Sex ratio – age group 0 – 6 42Fig 3.23 Age group wise population – Thrissur District 43Fig 3.24 Age Sex Pyramid – Kerala State 43Fig 3.25 Age Sex Pyramid – Thrissur District 44Fig 3.26 Population concentration pattern - 1971 45Fig 3.27 Population concentration pattern - 1981 45Fig 3.28 Population concentration pattern - 1991 46Fig 3.29 Population concentration pattern - 2001 46Fig 3.30 Population concentration pattern based on net population density of 2001 47Fig 4.1 Work Participation of Thrissur District 51Fig 4.2 Work Participation Rate – comparison with surrounding Districts 51Fig 4.3 WPR of Urban Areas – comparison with surrounding Districts 52Fig 4.4 Main & Marginal Workers 52

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Fig 4.5 Temporal variation of total workers and total main workers 1981-2001 52Fig 4.6 Nine fold classification of workers – 1991 census 53Fig 4.7 Worker Classification – 1991 census 54Fig 4.8 Classification of workers - 2001 census 54Fig 4.9 Occupational structure of the surrounding districts - 2001 55Fig 4.10 Classification of total workers in urban & rural areas of Thrissur District - 2001 56Fig 4.11 Nine fold classification of workers (Estimated) – 2001 census 57Fig 4.12 Worker Classification – 2001 census (Estimated) 57Fig 4.13 Worker Classification – 1991 & 2001 census 57Fig 4.14 LSG wise distribution of workers based on

9 fold classification (estimated) – 2001 census 58Fig 4.15 LSG wise distribution of workers – 2001 census 58Fig 4.16 Concentration index of HH industrial workers in LSGS, Thrissur District - 2001 59Fig 4.17 Concentration index of Agricultural labourers in LSGS - Thrissur 60Fig 4.18 Spatial distribution of the concentration index of Cultivators 61Fig 4.19 Spatial distribution of the concentration index of other workers 61Fig. 4.19a Concentration of workers in Primary sector - LSG wise distribution 63Fig. 4.19b Concentration of workers in Secondary sector - LSG wise distribution 64Fig. 4.19c Concentration of workers in Tertiary sector - LSG wise distribution 64Fig 4.20 Activity Pattern of LSGS evolved based on concentration pattern of workers 65Fig 4.21 Variation in the number of different category of workers in urban area 66Fig 4.22 Variation in the number of different category of workers in rural areas 67Fig 4.23 Changes in the occupational structure in urban areas of the district 67Fig 4.24 Changes in the occupational structure in rural areas of the district 68Fig 4.25 Temporal variation of WPR 69Fig 4.26 Projection of WPR 69Fig 5.1 Land use breakup – Kerala State 72Fig 5.2 Percentage of land use breakup 72Fig 5.3 Land use map – Thrissur District 73Fig 5.4 Comparison of the percentage share of Forest Land use of the state

in surrounding districts 75Fig 5.5 Forest Land use comparison with surrounding districts 75Fig 5.6 Comparison of the percentage share of land marked as Marshy Land

of the state in Thrissur and surrounding district 75Fig 5.7 Percentage share of Marshy Land - Comparison with surrounding districts 75Fig 5.8 Comparison of the percentage share of Residential Land Use in district

of Kerala -Thrissur and Surrounding District 75Fig 5.9 Comparison of Percentage share of Residential land use in Thrissur

& Surrounding Districts 76Fig 5.10 Comparison of the percentage share of Agricultural Land use

of the State - Thrissur & surrounding district 76Fig 5.11 Percentage share of Agriculture land use - Thrissur & Surrounding district 76Fig 5.12 Comparison of Plantation Land use Thrissur & Surrounding district 76Fig 5.13 Comparison of the percentage share of State Res/Agr Mix land use

of the state in Thrissur & Surrounding district 76Fig 5.14 Percentage of Res / Agr mix land use in the district 77Fig. 5.15 The concentration pattern of agricultural land use 77Fig. 5.16 The concentration Index of agricultural land use 78Fig 5.17 Concentration pattern of the Other Built up Land Use 78Fig 5.18 The variation of concentration pattern of Other builtup land use

among LSGS of Thrissur Dist. 79

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Fig 5.19 Concentration pattern of forest land use in LSGs of Thrissur District 80Fig 5.20 Variation of concentration pattern of forest land use amount LSGS 80Fig 5.21 Concentration pattern of Residential land use 81Fig 5.22 Variation of concentration index of Residential land use 81Fig 5.23 Concentration pattern of Res/Agri mixed land use 82Fig 5.24 Concentration pattern of water body 82Fig 5.25 Distribution of concentration - Index of Plantation land use 83Fig 5.26 Distribution of concentration - Index of Kole land use 83Fig 5.27 Concentration pattern of Other land use 84Fig 5.28 Break up of agricultural land use Thrissur Dist. 85Fig 5.29 LSG wise break up of agricultural land use 86Fig 5.30 Break up of agricultural land use in to five classes 87Fig 5.31 Spatial pattern of agricultural land use 87Fig 5.32 Distribution of concentration - Index of Coconut 88Fig 5.33 Distribution of concentration - Index of Mixed Crop 89Fig 5.34 Concentration pattern of Paddy lands 89Fig 5.35 Concentration pattern of Rubber 90Fig 5.36 Concentration Pattern of Agriculture Including Plantation 90Fig 5.37 Concentration Pattern of Plantations 91Fig 5.38 Concentration Pattern of Agriculture Including Plantations 92Fig 5.39a The concentration pattern of Non- Agricultural land use 93Fig 5.39b The concentration pattern of Agricultural land use 93Fig 5.39c The concentration pattern of Forest land use 94Fig 5.39d The concentration pattern of Plantations 94Fig 5.40 Land use concentration pattern of LSGS 95Fig 6.1 Functional classification of settlements 97Fig 7.1 CFI Vs No of settlements 101Fig 7.2 Spatial Distribution of settlements of different hierarchies 102Fig 7.3 Existing 1st and 2nd order settlements of Thrissur Dist. 103Fig 7.4 Projected 2nd order settlements 104Fig 7.5 Service area of 2nd order settlements 105Fig 7.6 Service area (service settlements) of 2nd order settlements (adjusted) 106Fig 7.7 Proposed 3rd order settlements 107Fig 7.8 Service Area 3rd order settlements 107Fig 7.9 Service Area of 3rd order settlements adjusted 108Fig 7.10 Service Area (service settlements) of 3rd order centres 108Fig 7.11 Suggested hierarchy of settlements 109Fig 8.1 Urban area of Thrissur District 114Fig 8.2 Extent of urban area of the District 117Fig 8.3 Total urban population during various decades 117Fig 8.4 Population Growth Rate- Comparison with District 118Fig 8.5 Growth rate of population 2001- Local Govt. wise variation 118Fig 8.6 Urban Centers based on 3 fold Census Criteria 120Fig 8.7 Urban Centers Based on Census Criteria & Grade of LSGs 121Fig 8.8 Urban Centers Based on Census Criteria, Grade of LSGs

& Perspectives in Urban Development 123Fig 8.9 Urban Future urbanization profile – Thrissur District 124Fig: 9.1 Suggested hierarchy of settlements 129Fig 9.2 Suggested hierarchy of nodes 130Fig 9.3 Existing road network 131

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Fig 9.4 Suggested hierarchies of nodes and settlements along withexisting road network 132

Fig 9.5 Proposed Road Network 133Fig 9.6 Proposed Conceptual Road Network based on hierarchy of settlements 133Fig 10.1 Derivation of Activity pattern 135Fig 10.2 Land use concentration pattern 135Fig 10.3 Future Urban Profile 136Fig 10.4 Functional Classification 137Fig 10.5 Urban Activity Areas 137Fig 10.6 Intensive Agricultural Activity areas or primary Activity areas 139Fig 10.7 Distribution of secondary activity area 140Fig 10.8 Primary activity areas (Agricultural and allied activity)

non detrimental to forest 141Fig 10.9 Agricultural and allied activity area 142Fig 10.10 Activity Pattern of the District 142Fig 11.1 Spatial structure evolution 143Fig 11.2 Suggested hierarchy of settlements 144Fig 11.3 Suggested hierarchy of nodes 145Fig 11.4 Suggested hierarchies of nodes and settlements along with

existing road network 145Fig 11.5 Suggested spatial structure of the District 148Fig 14.1 Environmentally sensitive areas of the District 162Fig 14.2 Spatial structure of the District 163Fig 14.3 Spatial distribution of major crops 164Fig 14.4 Spatial distribution of industries 165Fig 14.5 Spatial structure of the macro region 166Fig 14.6 Tentative Development concept - IDDP Thrissur 167Fig 14.7 Tentative Development concept 168Fig 14.8 The proposed hierarchy of settlements 171Fig 14.9 The proposed Road network 171Fig 14.10 Funtion of settlement 172Fig 14.11 Projected growth rate 179Fig 14.12 Zone wise population Density 185Fig 14.13 Growth rate of Population 2021 - trend based 185Fig 14.14 G.R of population 2021-Accelerated 186Fig 14.15 Work force participation rate (Existing) 187Fig 14.16 Occupational Structure (Existing) 187Fig 14.17 Projected WPR – Trend based 187Fig 14.18 WPR of Districts surrounding to Thrissur 189Fig 14.19 Projection of WPR –Thrissur District 189Fig 14.20 Occupational Structure-2001 (Main Workers) 197Fig 14.21 Occupational Structure-2021 (Main Workers) 197Fig 15.1 Function of settlement – Thrissur District 207Fig 15.2 Suggested hierarchy of settlements 208

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ANNEXES

Annexe 1 LSGs in Thrissur District.................................... 211Annexe 2 District wise and Sector -wise distribution of Gross state domestic product

during 2008-2009 at constant (1999-2000) prices (Quick Estimate)............... 213Annexe 3 Population Projection Kerala ........................................................................... 214Annexe 4 Concentration index of workers ....................................................................... 216Annexe 4A Activity pattern of workers .............................................................................. 219Annexe 5 LSG Wise concentration indices of various land uses ...................................... 222Annexe 6 LSG Wise major activity (As per land use analysis) ........................................ 226Annexe 7 List of LSGs where major agriculture activities of the district are

concentrated .................................................................................................... 229Annexe 8 LSG Wise land use concentration pattern ....................................................... 232Annexe 9A Composite Functional index (CFI) of settlements ............................................ 235Annexe 9B Hierarchy of settlements ................................................................................... 236Annexe 10 Hierarchy of settlements existing ..................................................................... 238Annexe 11 Centrality ......................................................................................................... 241Annexe 12 Connectivity...................................................................................................... 242Annexe 13 Regional centrality .......................................................................................... 248Annexe 14 Determination of the second order settlements from NE and SW

sub regions.................................... 250Annexe 15 Second order settlements, their service area & service population................... 251Annexe 16 Third order settlements, their service area & service population...................... 254Annexe 17 Number of workers in nine fold category projected (year 2021)..................... 257Annexe 18 List of LSGs in each Activity Zone............................ 262

XIII

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CHAPTER 1 >>

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT


Chapter-1PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

ThrissurDistrict

Fig 1.1 Location of Thrissur

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Thrissur, the cultural capital of Kerala has derived

its name from ‘Thrissivaperur’ meaning the abode of

Lord Shiva. The religious, historical and archeological

cultures are specifically remarkable in the District and

hence the development of tourism gets focused well.

District possess excellent network of transportation

system with its good quality road including National

and State highway. Major industrial sectors are

Handloom, Khadi Handloom, Pottery Tiles, Wood based

units, Rubber based units, Coconut oil extraction, Food

processing units, etc.. Major crops like paddy, tapioca,

rubber, ginger, cashew, tea, coconut, arecanut etc.. are

also grown here.

1.2 LOCATION

Thrissur district is in the central region of Kerala

state lying between 10010’ and 100 46’ north latitude and

750 57’ and 760 54’ east longitude. Thrissur District is

bounded on the north by Malappuram and Palakkad

District, south by Idukki and Ernakulam Districts, east

by Palakkad District and Coimbatore district of

TamilNadu and west by Lakshadweep sea.

Thrissur District slopes down from the Western

Ghats in the east to the Lakshadweep Sea to the west

forming three distinct natural divisions-the highlands,

the plains and the sea board. The Location of Thrissur

District is shown in Fig 1.1.

1.3 ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS

Thrissur district is divided into five taluks which

are Talappilly, Chavakkad, Thrissur, Kodungallur and

Mukundapuram. The spatial distribution of the taluks

is shown in Fig 1.2. The names of the taluks, taluk head

quarters and number of villages in each taluk are given

in Table 1.1.

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PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT District Spatial Plan - Thrissur


The District has 17 Panchayat blocks, six munici-

pal councils namely Chalakkudy, Chavakkad,

Kunnamkulam, Irinjalakkuda, Guruvayur and

Kodungallur and one Municipal Corporation (Thrissur

Municipal Corporation). The name of the blocks, block

head quarters and block wise distribution of the popu-

lation is given in Table 1.2. The spatial distribution of

the development blocks are shown in Fig 1.3.

Fig 1.2 Taluks – Thrissur District

Table 1.1: Taluks and Taluk Head Quarters

Name of Taluk Taluk Head Quarters No of Villages

Talappilly Wadakkanchery 70

Chavakkad Chavakkad 19

Thrissur Thrissur 49

Kodungallur Kodungallur 14

Mukundapuram Irinjalakkuda 52

The 17 development blocks are divided in to

92 Grama Panchayats, the list of which is given in

2

Annexe 1. The spatial distribution of which is shown in

Fig 1.4.



Thrissur Muncipal Corporation Collectorate, Thrissur

Fig 1.3: Block Panchayats of Thrissur District

3



Fig 1.4: Grama Panchayats and Municipalities of the District

Table 1.2: Block Panchayats and their Head Quarters

Sl.No Name of BlockPanchayat

Population2001

Block HeadQuarters

Name of the GramaPanchayat where

Block Panchayat HQsituated

1 Chowwannur 136592 Kanipayur Chowannur2 Wadakkanchery 227026 Wadakkanchery Wadakkanchery3 Pazhayannur 171636 Pazhayannur Pazhayannur4 Chavakkad 125364 Chavakkad Chavakkad

Municipal Council5 Thalikulam 131384 Thalikulam Thalikulam6 Mullassery 58269 Mullassery Mullassery7 Puzhakkal 128438 Puranattukkara Puzhakkal8 Ollukkara 120959 Ollukkara Pananchery9 Anthicad 109205 Kizhakkumuri Anthicad10 Cherpu 45937 Palakkal Avinissery11 Mathilakam 145959 Mathilakam Mathilakam12 Kodungalloor 39384 Eriyad Eriyad13 Mala 144525 Kuruvilassery Mala14 Irinjalakuda 124743 Madayikonam Porathissery15 Kodakara 181996 Puthukad Puthukad16 Vellangallur 114151 Vellangallur Vellangallur17 Chalakkudy 129231 Chalakkudy Chalakkudy

Municipal Council

4



1.4 TOPOGRAPHY AND PHYSICAL FEATURES

Thrissur District can be divided into five well de-

fined Topography regions. The lowest elevation below

MSL (mean sea level) is in the Kole lands towards the

west and the highest elevation of 1430 m are at

Karimalagopuram lying on the boundary between

Palakkad District and Mukundapuram Taluk. Fig 1.5

shows Topographical divisions of the District.

Fig 1.5: Topographic division of the District

TOPOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS OF THE DISTRICT

(I) LOW LANDS (LL)

The low land region has an elevation of 20m

above MSL. The low land region of the District run par-

allel to the Arabian Sea in the north - south direction in

a narrow strip. This area constitutes marine sediment

modified considerably by intensive cultivation. The

sandwitched between the sea coast and the midland

lays the basin representing the “Kole Lands” .This bot-

tom land which lies below the sea level is submerged

under water for a major part of the year. Paddy is ex-

tensively grown in these lands. The units encountered

in this topographical division are given below.

(II) MIDLANDS (ML)

The elevation ranges from 20m to 100m. The

midlands adjoining the high hills stretches in the north

south direction towards the west of mid up lands. This

constitutes the undulating to rolling lands with inter-

mittent flat topped low laterite hillocks broken by broad

and narrow valley. Buff coloured hard laterite exten-

sively used as building material is amply located in the

flat topped hillocks. The units encountered in the to-

pographic division are below.

5



(III) MID UP LANDS (MUL)

The elevation 100 to 300m rolling to hilly terrain

with steep side slopes, isolated rocky patches and in-

termittent narrow valleys. Slope ranges from 10 - 40%.

(IV) UP LANDS (UL)

The elevation is 300 to 600m. Hilly terrain with

high hills and very steep side slopes. Land slope ranges

from 25- 50%.

(V) HIGH LANDS (HL)

The elevation is above 600m for high land. Hill

ranges of the Western Ghats (Sahyadri) with escarp-

ments, summits and rocky cliffs. Areas above 100 m el-

evation are mostly under forest and hence put under

high lands. The high Land running on the east and south

eastern parts covering portions of Mukundapuram and

Thrissur Taluks, constitute a chain of hills as the Machad

Hills, the Paravattani Hills, The Palappilly Hill, the

Kodassery Hills, the Athirappilly Hill etc.

1.4.1 PHYSICAL FEATURES

Physical features of the District namely Natural

Sub-Divisions, Climate, Mountains, Rivers & Lakes and

Backwaters etc. of the District is described here under;

A) NATURAL SUB-DIVISIONS:

Thrissur district falls in the Central Kerala Coast.

Physiographically, the district has five divisions includ-

ing Low Lands, Mid Lands, Mid Up Lands, Up Lands, High

Lands. The highland goes to heights of over 1220 meters

above the mean sea level. The highland goes to North

east part of the district. The low land gently slopes up

to the Backwaters. The sea board lies as a narrow stretch

bordering the sea. Besides, other natural assets in the

region are backwaters locally known as ‘Kayals’ lie par-

allel to the sea coast interconnected by canals, moun-

tains, reserve forest and four rivers (Bharathpuzha,

Kecheri puzha, Karuvannur puzha and Chalakkudy river).

B) CLIMATE :

The district has a tropical humid climate with an

oppressive hot season and plentiful and seasonal rain-

fall. The hot season from March to May is followed by

South West Monsoon from June to September. Octo-

ber and November form the post monsoon or retreat-

ing monsoon season. The rains stop by the end of De-

cember and the rest of the period is generally hot. On

an average there are 124 rainy days in a year.

The average daily maximum temperature in

March & April is about 310 C (830 F) in the coastal re-

gions and 360 C (970 F) in the interior.

The air is highly humid throughout the year, the

relative humidity being generally over 70%. Winds are

generally light to moderate and they strengthen in the

monsoon season.

C) MOUNTAINS :

The Western Ghats which separate the district

from Tamil Nadu consist of several ridges and conical

peaks. The Machad Hills in Talappilly taluk, the

Paravattani Hills in Thrissur taluk and Palappilly,

Kodassery and Athirappally Hills in Mukundapuram

taluk are worth mentioning. There are about 30 peaks

in the district with height ranging between 330 metres

and 1439 metres. The highest peak Karimalapopuram

(1439metres) lies at the boundary of Palakkad district

Poomala Hills

6



and Mukundapuram taluk of Thrissur district.

D) RIVERS:

The main rivers of the District are Bharathapuzha,

Kecheri puzha, Karuvannur puzha and Chalakudy river.

The Bharathapuzha (209km) originates from

Anaimalai Hills. The 5 tributaries of this river are

Gayathripuzha, Kannadipuzha, Kalpathipuzha,

Cheerankuzhy (Gayathririver) and Thuthupuzha. It flows

as northern boundary of Thrissur for about 40km.

The Kechery River otherwise known as

Wadakkanchery river originates from the Machad hills

flowing westwards and joins the backwaters of

Chettuvai. It has a length of 51 km and Vazhani dam is

constructed on this river basin.

The Manali River and Karumali River combines

Peechi Dam

near Arattupuzha and assumes the name Karuvannur

River. This river has a length of 65 km. Peechi Dam con-

structed across Manali River and Chimmoni Dam across

Karumali River help to control floods and to irrigate land.

The water bodies of Thrissur District is shown in Figure

1.6.

The longest river of this district is Chalakkudy

River. It has 4 main tributaries. It joins the Periyar River

about 10 kms east of Kodungallur. The hydro electric

projects at Peringalkuthu and Sholayar are the two main

projects of the river. This river has drainage area of about

1704 sq.km.

E) LAKES & BACKWATERS :

The backwaters locally known as Kayals lie paral-

lel to the sea coast interconnected by canal. Forming

part of a continuous waterway from Vadakkara to

Thiruvananthapuram, the inland navigation systems of

the District provides facilities for all types of country

boats throughout the year. The water of these backwa-

ters is saltish for most part of the year except during

rainy season. There are four fresh water lakes in the

District namely Kattakampal in Talappilly taluk, Muriyad

in Mukundapuram Taluk, Enamakal and Manakkody in

Thrissur Taluk. The chain of lagoons and backwaters on

the western part running parallel to the Arabian Sea

are navigable through out the year.Bharathapuza

Chalakkudy River

7



Puthenthodu in Thrissur Taluk, Sangumugham

canal in Mukundapuram Taluk, and Canoli canal in

Chavakkad Taluk form the important inland waterways

in the District.

Athirappally is famous for a beautiful 80 feet high

waterfall at the entrance to the Sholayar ranges. This

waterfall joins the Chalakudy River. Vazhachal water-

fall lies east of Chalakudy, near the entrance to the

Sholayar forest ranges. Athirappally and Vazhachal are

the most famous waterfalls of Kerala which attract

plenty of tourists.Athirappally water falls

Chimmoni Dam

1.4.2 LAND UTILIZATION

The land utilization pattern exhibits the charac-

teristics of the district in terms of its growth, develop-

ment and activity pattern. It also indicates indirectly

the amount of land available for future development.

The land utilization pattern of Thrissur district is broadly

classified under the categories listed in Table 1.3.

Fig 1.6. Water bodies of Thrissur District

8



Table 1.3 Thrissur District: Land Utilization Pattern by Category, 2003-05(Area in Ha)

Geographical area (in ha) 299390 100 299390 100

Net sown area(in ha) 141685 47.32 136847 45.71

Fallow land(in ha) 5224 1.74 4911 1.64

Current fallow(in ha) 9159 3.05 9658 3.23

Cultivable waste(in ha) 3038 1.01 2937 1.0

Forest(in ha) 103619 34.61 103619 34.61

Uncultivable Land 40464 13.52 40464 13.52

2003-04 2004-05

Land Utilization category Area % Area %

Source: Agricultural Statistics 04-05.

1.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS

In the case of socio-economic aspects the follow-

ing parameters are analyzed.

Literacy rate (1991 and 2001);

Share of Work force (1991 and 2001);

Gross state Domestic Product (2008-09);

Net State Domestic Product (2003-04); and

Per capita Income (2008-09)

a) Literacy Rate:

As per 2001 census, Kerala is the most literate

state in India having literacy rate of 90.86%. Inter-dis-

trict comparison within Kerala reveals that the highest

literacy is recorded in Kottayam district (95.9%) and the

lowest is in Palakkad district (84.3%). Thrissur District

had the 8th rank in 1991 census. In 2001 the literacy rate

of Thrissur is 92.27%, which is above state average. The

rural and urban literacy rate of Thrissur are 91.50% &

94.23% respectively. The district has got 6th rank for lit-

eracy rate in 2001 census. The share of male literates is

48.86% while female is 51.14%. Literacy rate in various

District, 2001 census is given in table 1.4

No Name of the District Literacy rate in %

1 Kasaragod 84.57

2 Kannur 92.59

3 Wayanad 85.25

4 Kozhikode 92.24

5 Malappuram 89.61

6 Palakkad 84.35

7 Thrissur 92.27

8 Ernakulam 93.20

9 Idukki 88.69

10 Kottayam 95.82

Table 1.4 Literacy Rate in various districts, 2001

9



11 Alappuzha 93.43

12 Pathanamthitta 94.84

13 Kollam 91.18

14 Thiruvananthapuram 89.28

Source : 2001 Census

b) Share of Workers:

The work participation ratio (WPR) in Kerala has

increased from 31.43% to 32.30% from 1991 to 2001 cen-

sus. In 2001 Census, Thrissur district holds 9th rank with

32.12 % of WPR, which is below the state average. The

WPR of main, marginal and other-workers of Thrissur

district and the State is given in table 1.5.

Table 1.5 WPR of workers - comparison with state

Catagory of worker Thrissur Kerala

Main workers 27.20% 25.87%

Marginal workers 4.92% 6.43%

Other workers 67.88% 67.70%

Source : 2001 Census

c) Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP):

During 2008-09 the contribution from primary,

secondary and tertiary sectors to the GSDP of state at

constant prices (1999-2000) was 12.42%, 25.02% and

62.56% respectively. While analyzing the sectoral dis-

tribution of state income it is seen that the contribu-

tion from primary sector is decreasing and tertiary sec-

tor is increasing. But secondary sector remains almost

stagnant.

GSDP district wise distribution as factor cost

shows that Ernakulam District continues to have high-

est income of Rs. 19940.06 crore in 2008-09. While low-

est gross domestic product was recorded in Wayanad

district (Rs. 2440.12 crore). The GSDP of Thrissur district

was Rs. 13338.06 crore, (9.87% of total GSDP of State) in

2008-09 and is ranked 3rd in the state. The details are

given in Table 1.6.Table 1.6: GSDP in various districts, 2008-09

NO NAME OF DISTRICT GSDP IN CRORE STATE PERCENTAGE

1 Thiruvananthapuram 14941.69 11.05%

2 Kollam 9974.42 7.38%

3 Pathanamthitta 5321.41 3.94%

4 Alappuzha 8755.38 6.48%

5 Kottayam 9495.00 7.02%

6 Idukki 4354.11 3.22%

7 Ernakulam 19940.06 14.75%

8 Thrissur 13338.06 9.87%

9 Palakkad 10209.08 7.55%

10 Malappuram 10303.48 7.62%

11 Kozhikode 11938.27 8.83%

12 Wayanad 2440.12 1.8%

13 Kannur 9743.37 7.21%

14 Kasargode 4448.04 3.29%

Total 135202.49Source: Department of Economics & Statistics

10



District wise and sector-wise analysis of GSDP shows

that the highest contribution from primary sector in-

come of Rs. 1602.09 crore at constant (1999-2000) prices

was in Kottayam district during 2008-09. The contribu-

tion of Thrissur district from primary sector was 1169.87

crore and it was ranked 8th place in the state. During

2008-09 the lowest primary sector income was in

Wayanad District (Rs. 589.19 crore).

The highest income from secondary sector during

2008-09 was in Ernakulam district (Rs.7599.91 crore). The

contribution of Thrissur district from secondary sector

No Name of District NSDP in crore State Percentage1 Thiruvananthapuram 8829.88 11.19%2 Kollam 6358.60 8.06%3 Pathanamthitta 3079.76 3.9%4 Alappuzha 5345.92 6.77%5 Kottayam 5464.63 6.92%6 Idukki 3229.55 4.09%7 Ernakulam 9957.15 12.61%8 Thrissur 7932.79 10.05%9 Palakkad 5559.50 7.04%10 Malappuram 5924.31 7.51%11 Kozhikode 7318.83 9.27%12 Wayanad 1618.42 2.05%13 Kannur 5591.80 7.08%14 Kasargode 2722.19 3.45%

Total 78933.33

Source: Statistics for Planning

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Alappu

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Kottay

amIdu

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Kozhik

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District

Rs.

Cro

re TERITARYSECONDARYPRIMARY

was 3443.72 crore and it was ranked 3rd place in the state.

Lowest secondary sector income was in Wayanad dis-

trict (Rs.350.36 crore). Regarding tertiary sector the high-

est income during 2008-09 was in Ernakulam district

(Rs.10752.26 crore). The contribution of Thrissur district

from tertiary sector was 8724.47 crore and it was ranked

3rd place in the state. Lowest tertiary sector income was

in Wayanad district (Rs.500.57 crore). The district wise

details of sectoral income and growth rate are presented

in Annexe 2 and the same is shown in fig 1.7. Hence the

analysis of the Gross State Domestic Product shows that

Thrissur is third highest contributor of Secondary and

Territory sector GSDP of the State.

Fig 1.7.District -wise Sectoral Distribution of GSDP at current prices - 2007-08

Table 1.7 NSDP in various districts - 2003-04

11



c) Net State Domestic Product (NSDP):

NSDP district wise distribution as factor cost

shows that the Ernakulam district continues to have

highest income at Rs. 9957.15 crore in 2003-04, while

lowest net domestic product was recorded in Wayanad

district (Rs. 1618.42 crore). The NSDP of Thrissur dis-

trict was Rs.7932.79 crore, (10.05 % of total NSDP of

State) in 2003-04 and is ranked 3rd in the state. The dis-

trict wise NSDP is given in Table. 1.7.

d) Per Capita Income (PCI):

The analysis of district wise per capita income

shows that Ernakulam district stands first with the per

capita income of Rs.59970 at constant (1999-2000) prices

in 2008-09 as against Rs.56060 in 2007-08. The per capita

income of Thrissur District has increased from Rs. 39658

in 2007-08 to Rs. 42316 in 2008-09 with growth rate of

6.7% and it is ranked 4th place in the state. The lowest

per capita income was recorded in Malappuram district

(Rs.25291) in 2008-09 at constant prices.

The highest rate of growth of per capita income

of 6.97% was recorded in Ernakulam District in 2008-09

followed by Trissur (6.70%). The growth rate of per capita

income of the district is higher than the state (6.15%).

The lowest growth rate was recorded in Wayanad Dis-

trict (4.47%). The district wise per capita income with

growth rate is given in Table 1.8.

Table 1.8: PCI in various districts, 2008-09

No District PCI (in Rs) Rank G.R(%)

1 Thiruvananthapuram 43247 3 6.26

2 Kollam 36698 10 6.09

3 Pathanamthitta 42166 5 6.49

4 Alappuzha 40089 6 6.60

5 Kottayam 46362 2 6.04

6 Idukki 37374 9 5.14

7 Ernakulam 59970 1 6.97

8 Thrissur 42316 4 6.70

9 Palakkad 36487 11 5.63

10 Malappuram 25291 14 5.09

11 Kozhikode 38798 7 6.33

12 Wayanad 28047 13 4.47

13 Kannur 38634 8 6.37

14 Kasargode 34006 12 5.25

Total 39815 6.15

Source: Department of Economics & Statistics

12



1.6 INFERENCE

Thrissur District has 17 development blocks, six

Municipal Council and one Municipal Corporation.

Thrissur district can be divided into 5 well defined physi-

ographic regions namely (i) Low lands (ii) Mid Lands

(iii) Mid Up Lands (iv) Up Lands (v)High Lands. The dis-

trict has about 33.34% of its geographical area as forest

mainly seen in the eastern part of the district. The Dis-

trict is blessed with mountains and rivers. The literacy

rate of the district is 92.27% and work participation rate

is 32.12%.

The district contribute 9.87% of the total GSDP of

the state and is ranked 3rd in the state. The sectoral

contribution of the district into the state GSDP shows

that the district is the 3rd highest contributer in sec-

ondary and tertiary sector.

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur HISTORY AND REGIONAL LINKAGE


Chapter – 2HISTORY AND REGIONAL LINKAGES

Thrissur is a central coastal district of Kerala situ-

ated approximately 295 Km north of

Thiruvananthapuram, the state capital. The District

played a very important role in fostering trade rela-

tions between Kerala and outside world in the ancient

and medieval periods. This is an introductory chapter

which include an introduction about Thrissur district,

its historical background and physical setting of the dis-

trict with respect to the nearby important settlements

are described.

2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Thrissur with its rich history, cultural heritage and

archaeological wealth, is called the cultural capital of

Kerala. From ancient times, this district has played a

significant role in the political history of South India.

Many rulers and dynasties beginning with the Zamorins

of Kozhikode, Tipu Sultan of Mysore and Europeans in-

cluding the Dutch and the British moulded the destiny

of this region. Raja Rama Varma, popularly known as

“Sakthan Thampuran” was the architect of the present

Thrissur Town.

The term Thrissur is the abbreviated anglicized

form of the malayalam word “THRISSIVAPERUR” which

means the town of the “SACRED SIVA”. The town is built

on an elevated ground, at the apex of which is the fa-

mous “VADAKKUNNATHAN” Temple. A place of great

antiquity, Thrissur was also known as

“VRISHABHADRIPURAM” and “TEN KAILASAM” in an-

cient days. Thrissur is also named as ‘Trichur’ during

the colonial period.

The district played a very important role in fos-

tering trade relations between Kerala and outside world

in the ancient and medieval periods. The sea port of

Muziris of the Sangam age is the modern Kodungallur

of Thrissur district.

The political agents of British Government had

their temporary head quarters in Thrissur. The Trichur

was connected by roads to hinterland settlements. The

Trichur-Coimbatore road was inaugurated in 1844. A

narrow gauge railway line from Shornur to Ernakulam

through Thrissur was commissioned in 1902. This was

later converted into broad-gauge in 1944.The existence

of the Trichur Public Library dates back to the seventies

of the 19th century. The Museum, Zoo and Botanical

Gardens were started in 1885. The Central Jail of Cochin

Sakthan Palace, Thrissur

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur


HISTORY AND REGIONAL LINKAGE

State was established in 1914.

The present Trichur district is a part of erstwhile

Cochin state. Cochin state had been divided into

‘Nadus’, these Nadus were subsequently divided into

‘Kovilakathum-vathukkals’ or Taluks. The taluks were

grouped into two divisions- Vadakkemugham and

Thekkemugham. The Cochin area of present Trichur

comes formed part of the Vadakkemugham. With ef-

fect from the 1st July 1949 a new district named Thrissur

was formed with 6 taluks of the erstwhile Cochin State

viz. Thalappilly, Chittoor, Thrissur, Mukundapuram,

Canannore and Cochin-Kanayannur and taluks of erst-

while Travancore areas, namely, Kunnathunad and

Parur.

Melpathoor Narayana Bhattathiri (Narayanee-

yam), Poonthanam (Njanappana), Unnayi Warrier

(Nalacharitham), Kunjikuttan Thampuran known

as Kerala Vyasa, Vallathol Narayana Menon,

C.Achutha Menon, Panditaraja K. Rama Pisharoti

are some prominent personalities belonging to

this district.

Kerala Kalamandalam at Cheruthuruthi, re-

nowned the world over for its Kathakali training

Centre, The Kerala Nritha Kalalayam, The Kerala

Sahithya Academy, The Kerala Sangeetha Nataka

Academy , Kerala Lalithakala Academy (fostering de-

velopment of Kerala Dance, Drama and Music) are lo-

cated here. School of Drama, established in 1977 is also

in this district. The Trichur Town hall contains the Ar-

chaeological Museum and Picture Gallery, where mu-

ral paintings from all parts of the state are copied and

exhibited.

Thrissur city have a large number of historic

temples such as Thiruvambady temple,

Vadakkumnathan temple and Paramekkavu temple and

the temples participates in the colorful Thrissur

pooram. Thrissur pooram is a spectacular religious fes-

tival in South India and known as “Mother of all Poorams”

which brings thousands of people from around the

world. In Thrissur city there are two well known

churches, the Our Lady of Lourdes Metropolitan Cathe-

dral and the Our Lady of Dolours, popularly known as

“Puthenpally” (the New Church). It is the biggest church

Kerala Kalamandalam, Cheruthuruthi

The Kerala Sahithya Academy

The Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Academy

16



in South Asia. The Cheraman Juma Masjid, believed to

be the oldest Mosque in India is situated in Thrissur

District.

The famous Sree Krishna temple at Guruvayur lies

just 25 km from Thrissur town. And there are many his-

toric temples like Thriprayar Sree Rama Temple,

Kodungalloor Bhagavathi Temple, Irinjalakuda

Koodalmanikkyam Bharatha Temple, Thiruvilwamala

Villuadrinatha Temple etc.

Millions of money is traded in

the city of Thrissur under the name

Gold and that is why Thrissur is also

Known as the Gold capital of India.

All major jewelleries in Kerala have

branches in Thrissur and 70%

of manufacturing of plain gold and

rolled gold happens in this city.

Thrissur city is also an

important center of garments made

of Silk in Kerala. This city holds the

record for the highest number finan-

cial institution as they exceed 1000,

both government and private. Three predominant

scheduled banks in Kerala, the South Indian Bank, the

Catholic Syrian Bank and Dhanalakshmi bank have their

headquarters at Thrissur. Diamond polishing and auto-

mobile tyre moldings are the remaining industries that

play an important role in Thrissur economy.

Vadakkunnathan Temple Guruvayoor Temple

2.2 REGIONAL LINKAGES

Thrissur district is in the central region of Kerala

state lying between 10010’ and 100 46’ north latitude and

750 57’ and 760 54’ east longitude. Thrissur district is

bounded on the north by Malappuram and Palakkad

Districts, south by Idukki and Ernakulam districts, east

by Palakkad district and Coimbatore district of

TamilNadu and west by Lakshadweep sea.

Thrissur is placed approximately 295

Km north of the state head quarters of

Kerala, 71 kms north to Kochi, the indus-

trial hub of Kerala and 120 kms south to

Kozhikode, the commercial capital of

Malabar region. (figure 2.1) Thrissur town lies 55 km far

from Cochin International air-port and 80 kilometer far

from Kozhikodu air-port. Thrissur railway station is an

important railway station that connects South India to

rest of India through Trivandrum-Chennai and

Trivandrum-Mangalapuram routes. KSRTC operates bus

Puthenpally (New Church) Cheraman Juma

17



HISTORY AND REGIONAL LINKAGE

services to Thrissur from all important cities in Kerala

and also interstate buses are available to reach Thrissur

from Madurai, Chennai, Coimbathoor etc.

2.3 CONNECTIVITY

The road network is the most important mode of

transportation in the district connecting almost all im-

portant nodes. Thrissur district is well connected with

almost all the major towns and cities of the state as

well as nation. The district has comparatively good con-

nectivity due to the two National Highways (NH-47, NH-

17) having a total length of about 124.56km, twenty State

Highways (374.03km), district roads (1249.06kms) and

the railway route network.

Broadly, the transport network structure in the

district is a network of roads and railway routes. The

existing National Highways in the district are:

1. Kanyakumari – Salem NH-47 start from

Karukutty (Pongam) to Vaniyampara of length 60km.

2. NH-17 from Moothakunnam to

Palapetty of length 64.562km and Kodungallur Bye-Pass

of length 3.75 Km

NH-47 act as a main spine of traffic movement

for the district. It facilitates commutation of passen-

gers and goods from within the state and outside the

Paramekkavu TempleThiruvambadi Temple

Fig 2.1 Regional conectivity with other district

71 k.m.

295 k.m.

120 k.m.

18



state. This may be due to the fact that NH 47 is the only

national highway passing through the district in 1980’s.

NH-17 acts as a coastal corridor connecting coastal belt

of Kerala. It also facilitates transportation of perishable

coastal goods.

Railways play an important role in the transport

sector of the district in terms of inter-regional passen-

ger and goods movement. Railways provide the cheaper

and fast inter-city and intra-district transportation fa-

cility for commuters. Thrissur is an important railhead

of southern railways.

The network pattern of the railways in the dis-

trict is primarily in the form of two corridors:Double

lane broad gauge running from Ernakulam to Shornur

(ie. South-North), parallel to NH-47 and East-West Broad

gauge (Single Line) connecting Poonkunnam to world

famous temple town Guruvayoor. Transporation net-

Fig 2.2 Transportation Network - Thrissur District

work of Thrissur district is shown in Fig 2.2

Before the construction of roads in the latter half

of 19th century, inland traffic in the district was carried

on almost entirely over backwaters and rivers. The taluk

of Kodungallur and portions of the taluks of

Mukundapuram and Trichur are so admirably served by

backwaters and rivers that they not only afforded easy

and cheap means of conveying the produce of the inte-

rior to the ports of Cochin, Kodungallur and Chettuvai

but also enabled the old Cochin state to enjoy the lion’s

share of the trade with the Portuguese and the Dutch

on the Malabar coast for nearly 3 centuries. Indeed ca-

nals are important means of communication in early

Cochin that successive rulers devoted much attention

to their improvement and maintenance.

The main canals of the district at that time are

1. Ponnani canal in Chavakkad Taluk

19


Departm

ent of Town &

Country Planning, KeralaD

epartment of Tow

n & Country Planning, Kerala

HISTO

RY AN

D REG

ION

AL LIN

KAG

E

Fig 2.3 Water Bodies - Thrissur District

20



Thrissur swaraj round

2. Cannoli canal lying between Chavakkad andMukundapuram taluk

3. Shanmughom canal in Mukundapuram taluk

4. Puthenthodu in Trichur taluk

These canals form the main arteries of water com-

munication. Now Canoli canal is only existing water

way. Water bodies in Thrissur district is shown in Fig

2.3.

2.4 INFERENCE

It can be concluded that Thrissur District with its

rich history, heritage, cultural, religious and archaeo-

logical wealth act as cultural capital of the state. Thedistrict is also well known for festivals (ThrissurPooram), number of cultural and art institutions (likeKalamandalam, Kerala Sahithya Accadamy, etc.), goldand diamond industry and number of historic temples,Churches & Mosques. Thrissur District is connected toother parts of the state and the country through twomodes of transport, rail and roads. The waterway, whichwas once the major mode of transport of the district, isin an abandoned state now. The nearest airport“Nedumbassery” (Kochin International Airport) is lo-cated at a distance of 55kms, and the nearest port Kochiat a distance of 80 kms.

21

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CHAPTER 3 >>

District Spatial Plan - Thrissur POPULATION


The Population parameter serves as the base in

all the development endeavors. One of the objectives

of all sorts of planning is to provide maximum good to

maximum number of people. Hence it is imperative to

analyze the population by studying the following pa-

rameters - size of population, its growth trends, popu-

lation density, population concentration pattern, mi-

gration details and population projection – which are

described in this chapter.

3.1 POPULATION SIZE

As per 2001 census, the population of Kerala is

31841374 persons which included 15468614 males and

1,63,72,760 females. Although Kerala accounts for only

Chapter – 3POPULATION

Table 3.1: Population – Comparison with the StateDescription Kerala Thrissur % w.r t. Kerala

Total Population 31841374 2974232 9.34

Males 15468614 1422052 9.19

Females 16372760 1552180 9.48

Urban Population 8266925 839433 10.15

Males 4017332 403737 10.05

Females 4249593 435696 10.25

Rural Population 23574449 2134799 9.06

Males 11451282 1018315 8.89

Females 12123167 1116484 9.21

Source: Census 2001

1% of the total area of India, it contains about 3% of the

country’s population.

The total population of Thrissur district as per

2001 census is 2974232, which is 9.34% of the total popu-

lation of the State. Area wise Thrissur district contrib-

ute 7.8% of the state area. The total number of male

and female population in Thrissur district is 1422052

and 1552180 respectively. The District is placed in the

4th position as far as population size is considered.

The population comparison with the state is given

in Table 3.1. From the table it is clear that the total ur-

ban population of Thrissur district is 10.15% of that of

State and the rural population is 9.06% that of State.

23

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POPULATION District Spatial Plan - Thrissur


A comparison of total population of the districts

surrounding Thrissur district is shown in Figure 3.1.

The figure shows that when compared to the sur-

Fig 3.1: Population size - Comparison with surrounding districts

Fig 3.2: Population – Urban & Rural - Comparison with surrounding districts

Source: Census 2001

rounding districts, Thrissur is placed in the third posi-

tion in population size. The population size of

Malappuram and Ernakulam districts are higher than

that of Thrissur.

24



Fig 3.3: Population size of State - Temporal Variation

27 lakhs indicating a decline in the population growth

rate of the state.

The decadal variation in the size of population of

the District over the last three decades is shown in Fig-

Fig 3.4: Population size of Thrissur - Temporal Variation

25

According to 2001 census, the total

urban population of Thrissur district is

839433 which is 28% of the total popula-

tion of the district. A comparison of per-

centage of urban and rural population of

Thrissur district with surrounding districts

is shown in Figure 3.2.

It is clear that urban population of

Thrissur district (28%) is more than that of

Malappuram and Palakkad district and less

than that of Ernakulam district (48%).

Thrissur comes in the 2nd place among the

surrounding districts.

The decadal variation in the size of

population of the State over the last three

decades is shown in Figure 3.3.

From the figure, it is clear that though there is an

increase of about 36 lakhs population from 1981 to 1991,

the increase of population over the last decade is only

Sour

ce:

Cen

sus

2001



ure 3.4.

From the figure, it is clear that though there is an

increase of about 3 lakhs population per decade from

1981 to 1991, the increase of population over the last

decade is only 2.4 lakhs indicating a decline in the popu-

lation growth rate of the district.

The total Population is increasing during 1981 -

2001 period both in Kerala and Thrissur. But the per-

centage of increase in population is decreasing both in

Kerala and Thrissur District during the same period. It

clearly indicates that Thrissur district also follows the

same growth pattern as that of State.

1 Malappuram 3096330 3625471 28.87 17.22

2 Wayanad 672128 780619 21.32 17.04

3 Kasargod 1071508 1204078 22.78 12.3

4 Kozhikode 2619941 2879131 16.69 9.87

5 Palakkad 2382235 2617482 16.52 9.86

6 Thiruvananthapuram 2946650 3234356 13.5 9.78

7 Ernakulam 2817236 3105798 11.42 9.09

8 Thrissur 2737311 2974232 12.2 8.66

9 Kollam 2407566 2585208 10.68 7.33

10 Kannur 2251727 2408956 16.63 7.13

11 Idukki 1078066 1129221 10.45 6.96

12 Kottayam 1828271 1953646 7.71 6.76

13 Alappuzha 2001217 2109160 7.28 5.21

14 Pathanamthitta 1188332 1234016 5.6 3.72

Kerala 29098518 31841374 14.32 9.42

No DistrictPopulation

1991 2001

Growth Rate (G.R)1981-91 1991-2001

Table 3.2: Population and Growth rate of Population Districts wise

Source: Census 2001

3.2 GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION

The growth rate of population among the districts

of Kerala during 1981-91 and 1991-2001 is shown in Fig-

ure 3.5. and the details are given in Table 3.2. Among

the districts, Malappuram has the highest growth rate

of population of 17.22% and Pathanamthitta has the

lowest growth rate of population of 3.72%. All districts

in Kerala shows a decrease in decadal growth rate dur-

ing 1991-2001 compared to 1981-1991 decade. The

northern districts (Malappuram, Wayanad, Kasaragode,

Kozhikkode and Palakkad) show higher population

growth rate in 1991 and 2001.

26



Fig 3.5: District wise distribution of population growth rate 1981-91 and 1991 - 2001

<7.007.01 - 14.0014.01 - 21.0021.01 - 28.00>28.00

Legend<7.007.01 - 14.0014.01 - 21.0021.01 - 28.00>28.00

Legend

N

Fig 3.6: Population growth rate comparison with State - 2001 census

Decadal growth rate of population of Thrissur dis-

trict is 8.66% as per 2001 census which is less than the

average growth rate of 9.42% of the State. The com-

G.R. 2001 - Comparison with State

G.R

Source: Census 2001

parison of growth rate of population of district with the

state is shown in Fig 3.6.

27

Population growth rate 1981-91Legend

Population growth rate 1991-2001Legend



Table 3.3: Growth rate of Population – Comparison with State

G.R 1971-1981 1981-91 1991-01

Kerala 19.24 14.32 9.42

Thrissur 14.64 12.2 8.66

Source: Census 2001

Fig 3.7: Population growth rate comparison with surrounding districts

Growth Rate of Population - 2001 Census

Source: Census 2001

The spatial distribution of the growth rate of

population during last three decades is shown in figure

3.9, figure 3.10 and figure 3.11. From the figures, it is

clear that the growth rates of population of most of the

LSGs of the district are declining from 1981 to 2001. But

the population growth rate of Irinjalakkuda Municipal

Council, Thrissur Municipal Corporation and the Grama

Panchayats of Adat, Arimpur, Avinissery, Kaiparamba,

Kolazhi, Madakkathara, Mulamku-nnathukkavu,

Mundathikode, Puthur are showing increasing trend

from 1981 to 2001. (See fig 3.12).This may be due to

large increase in the population during 1981 - 2001 in

that area and also due to the spatial location of these

LSGs. The analysis of spatial location of these LSGs

shows that they are either urban or located nearby by

the urban areas. Moreover most of these LSGs are well

connected with higher order road network.

During 1971-81, the growth rates of population

of most of the LSGs of the district was in the range 15-

20% (figure 4.9). Kodungallur Municipal council showed

highest growth rate (31.33%) and Irinjalakkuda munici-

pal council (2.72%) showed lowest growth rate.

During 1981-91, the growth rate pattern has

widely changed. From Fig. 3.10, we can see a sudden

decrease in the pattern of growth rate. Growth rates of

population of most of the LSGs were in the range 10-

15%. High growth rate of Population in coastal region

during the period (in the range 15-20%) shows the

strength of the economic base once existed in there.

But during 1991-2001, growth rate of population in

coastal region is decreased. This in turn indicates the

Comparing Thrissur

district with surrounding

districts, Thrissur shows a

lower growth rate. And it is

shown in Fig.3.7.

The temporal varia-

tion of the population

growth rate of the district

and its comparison with

the State figures are shown

in Figure 3.8 and the details

are given in Table 3.3. The

figure shows that the popu-

lation growth rate of the

district as well as that of

state is declining.

28



Fig 3.8: Population growth rate - comparison with State - Temporal Variation

Source: Census 2001

Fig 3.9: Population growth rate 1971-81 LSGs Wise

29



Fig 3.10: Population growth rate 1991- Local body wise

weakening of the economic base of this area.

Puthur Grama Panchayat shows highest growth

rate (24.14) and Athirapilly Grama Panchayat (1.20)

shows lowest growth rate of population in 1991.

The spatial distribution of the growth rates of

population during 2001 shows a definite spatial pat-

tern and it is shown in Figure 3.11. The coastal region

shows a growth rate of 5-10%, whereas the central re-

gion shows a population growth rate of 10 to 15%.

Kolazhy Grama Panchayat shows highest growth rate

and Chowannur Grama Panchayat shows lowest growth

rate.

The growth rate of population in the LSGs adja-

cent to the urban LSGs (especially Thrissur Municipal

Corporation, Chavakkad Municipal Council,

Kunnamkulam Municipal Council and Guruvayur

Muncipal Council) shows higher growth rate indicating

possibility of out migration from the urban areas to the

immediate hinter land as well as the possibility of im-

migrants to the urban areas and settle down the near

by Grama Panchayat. Fig. 3.13. shows distribution of

LSGs with highest growth rate of population.

At the same time, three Grama Panchayats

(Chowannur, Manalur, and Nadathara) show negative

population growth rate while comparing the popula-

tion figures corresponding to 1991 census and 2001 cen-

sus without considering the change in geographical area

of the LSGs.

The spatial location of these Grama Panchayats

is shown in fig 3.14. But while comparing the area of

the Grama Panchayat, it can be seen that out of the

three Grama Panchayat Chowannoor and Nadathara

shows decrease in the area due to merging of part of

the area with neighbouring Municipal Council / Munici-

pal Corporation. Hence the total population figure of

these Grama Panchayat shows a decrease during the

period 1991-2001. The area and population variation is

given in table 3.4.

30



Fig 3.11: Population growth rate 2001- LSGs wise

Fig 3.12: LSGs showing increase of G.R from 1981-2001

31



1 Chowannur 25496 15426 10070 18.39 13.7 4.69

2 Manalur 31230 31179 51 18.22 18.12 0.10

3 Nadathara 31857 27459 4398 20.91 17.22 3.69

Population

1991 2001Difference in

Population

Area

1991 2001Difference in

area

Source: Census 2001

Fig 3.13: LSGs with highest Growth rate of population

Map Generated for IDDP by TCPD, Thrissur Unit

1 Chowannur 15226 15426 1.31

2 Nadathara 26235 27459 4.66

No. Name of LSGPopulation

1991(correspond to 2001Area) 2001 GR

Source: Census 2001

Table 3.5:Interpolated population and corresponding growthrate of Grama Panchayats showingnegative growth rate due to change in area

Table 3.4: Population & Area Details of Grama Panchayats showing negative growth rate during1991-2001

32

Name of LSG



Fig 3.14: LSGs with negative growth rate based on 1991-2001census of population


Area of Chowannur and Nadathara Grama

Panchayats is reduced in 2001 when compared with

1991. It is due to the merging of some wards of

Chowannur Grama Panchayat with Kunnamkulam Mu-

nicipal Council and that of Nadathara Grama Panchayat

with Thrissur Municipal Corporation. Table 3.5 shows

the details of growth rate in these Grama Panchayats

based on interpolation of population of 1991, corre-

sponding to the 2001 area. This shows that the Grama

Panchayats chowannur and Nadathara also has positive

growth rate of population. Hence the negative growth

rate exhibited by these Grama Panchayats are ex-

plained. The modified growth rate of above Grama

Panchayat is shown in Fig 3.15. However Manaloor

Grama Panchayat shows a slight decrease in the abso-

lute population (only 51 persons ) and hence shows a

negative growth rate.

3.3 POPULATION DENSITY

Higher population density puts greater pressure

on infrastructure and environment but reduces the per

capita costs of supply of public goods and services.

Gross population density and net population

density of the district are analyzed. Gross population

density is calculated by dividing the total population

with the geographical area, whereas the net popula-

tion density is calculated by dividing the total popula-

tion with the net area which is calculated by subtract-

ing the un-inhabitable areas like water body, forest,

paddy, rubber plantation, marshy and wasteland etc.

from the geographical area.

3.3.1 GROSS POPULATION DENSITY

As per 2001 Census, the density of population for

India as a whole is 324 persons per sq. km. where as in

Kerala it is 819 persons per sq. km. Among the Indian

States, Kerala is in third position in respect of density,

the first being West Bengal with a density of 904 per-

sons per sq.km.

A comparison of the gross population density

among the districts in the State in 1991 and 2001 is

33



Fig 3.15: District wise distribution of Gross density of population growth rate

ThrissurThrissurThrissurThrissur

Fig 3.16: Population density - comparison with State (2001)

shown in Figure 3.15.

Among the Districts in Kerala, Alappuzha has the

highest density with 1489 persons per sq. km and Idukki

has the lowest density with 252 persons per sq. km ac-

cording to 2001census. Eight districts have densities

higher than the State average and the remaining six

districts have densities lower than the State average.

It can be seen that, except in the Southern dis-

tricts the gross population density increases during

1991-2001. The coastal districts show higher gross popu-

lation density in 1991 as well as in 2001. Thrissur district

comes under 7th place.

The gross population density of Thrissur district

is 981 pp.sq. km. which is higher than the state average

of 819 pp sq. km. The comparison of the population

density with the state is shown in Fig. 3.16.

34



The comparison of the population density with

the surrounding districts is shown in Figure 3.17. The

gross population density of Thrissur district is less than

Fig 3.17: Population density - comparison with surrounding districts (2001)

Source: Census 2001

those of Ernakulam and Malappuram and greater than

that of Palakkad district.

Fig 3.18: Gross Population density 2001- LSG wise

35



The LSGs wise distribution of the gross popula-

tion density of Thrissur district is shown in Fig. 3.18. It

shows a clear distinction between the gross popula-

tion density in the coastal region, central region and

the eastern high land regions of the district. The gross

population density of the Grama Panchayats in the

coastal belt are the highest (in the range of 1500-3200

persons per sq. km. ), whereas the gross population

density of the central region is in the range of 750 - 1500

persons per sq. km. and that of the eastern hill region is

less than 750 persons per sq. km. The gross population

density is maximum in Thrissur Municipal Corporation

which is located in central region. All the Municipal

Council and area near to Thrissur Municipal Corpora-

tion also shows higher gross population density. This

may be due to the educational, medical and infrastruc-

ture facilities available in the urban areas of the dis-

trict.

Based on the range of population density, LSGs

of the district can be grouped as given in Table 3.6.

Table 3.6: Grouping of LSGs based on the range of gross population density 2001

1 Thrissur Muncipal Corporation

2 Methala

3 Chavakkad Municipal Council

4 Guruvayur Municipal Council

5 Eriyad

6 Edavilangu

7 Irinjalakkuda Municipal Council

8 Avinissery

9 Kadapuram

10 Kaipamangalam

11 Orumanayur

12 Thalikulam

13 Vadanappilly

14 Nattika

15 Pookode

16 Perinjanam

17 Pavaratty

Sl.No. Name of Local Government Range of Gross population density(ppn/sq.km)

>3000

2250-3000

1500-2250

36



18 Valappad

19 Mathilakam

20 Punnayur

21 Kodungallur Municipal Council

22 Chalakkudy Municipal Council

23 Sreenarayanapuram

24 Thaikkad

25 Nenmanikkara

26 Vadakkekad

27 Vallachira

28 Cherpu

29 Esdathiruthy

30 Manalur

31 Punnayurkulam

32 Kolazhy

33 Thanniyam

34 Anthikkad

35 Nadathara

36 Chowannur

37 Kandanissery

38 Elavally

39 Kunnamkulam Municipal Council

40 Kattur

41 Engandiyur

42 Choondal

43 Kattakampal

44 Pudukkad

1500-2250

750 - 1500

37



45 Alagappanagar

46 Porathissery

47 Kodakara

48 Koratty

49 Parappukkara

50 Kaiparamba

51 Vellangallur

52 Kadukkutty

53 Paralam

54 Venkitangu

55 Arimpur

56 Adat

57 Vallatholenagar

58 Alur

59 Mullassery

60 Mala

61 Melur

62 Karalam

63 Kadavallur

64 Annamanada

65 Chazhur

66 Poyya

67 Wadakkanchery

68 Avanur

69 Mundathikode

70 Poomangalam

71 Porkulam

72 Thrikkur

73 Kuzhur

74 Velukkara

75 Madakkathara

750 - 1500

38



76 Tholur

77 Padiyur

78 Puthenchira

79 Kadangode

80 Erumapetty

81 Velur

82 Mulamkkunnathukkavu

83 Desamangalam

84 Pariyaram

85 Panjal

86 Thiruvilwamala

87 Kondhazhi

88 Pazhayannur

89 Chelakkara

90 Varavoor

91 Puthur

92 Thekkumkkara

93 Mattathur

94 Muriyad

95 Mullurkkara

96 Varandarappilly

97 Kodassery

98 Pananchery

99 Athirappilly

<750

Source: Census 2001

Thirteen Grama Panchayats in the eastern high

land region fall within the lowest density range group

with a minimum of 20 persons / Sq.km. in Athirappilly

Grama Panchayat, whereas three LSGs including Thrissur

Municipal Corporation falls in the highest population

density range with maximum of 3130. Majority of the

LSGs (45 No.) falls within the population density range

of 750-1500 persons/sq.km. The remaining LSGs falls

within the range of 1500- 3000 pp.sq.km.

3.3.2 NET POPULATION DENSITY

The average net population density of the dis-

trict is calculated as 1784 pp.sq.km. The spatial distri-

bution of the net population density is shown in Fig.

3.19.

39



Highest net population density range exists

(2000-3000) in the coastal plains. Lowest net popula-

tion density is seen in Athirapilly (less than 1000). How-

ever the net population density is highest in Thrissur

Municipal Corporation (4349.73 pp.sq.km). Net popu-

lation density of all Municipal Councils are more than

2000pp Sq.km. except Chalakkudy Municipal Council

(1991.26 pp.sq.km). This clearly indicates that net popu-

lation density in urban areas is more than that of rural

areas. In other words habitable area available per per-

son in urban areas as well as in some of the coastal LSGs

of the district is much less compared to the remaining

parts of the district resulting in increased pressure on

land at urban as well as coastal areas of the district.

3.4 SEX RATIO

Kerala has a unique position with regard to sex

Fig 3.19: Net Population density 2001- LSG wise

ratio. In all the Census, females outnumbered males in

Kerala, which is contrary to all India pattern. The sex

ratio of Kerala has gradually increased from 1004 in 1901

to 1028 in 1951 and then to 1058 in 2001. The 2001 Cen-

sus shows that Kerala is the only state in India where

sex ratio is above the equality ratio and is a 100-year

high with 1058 females per 1000 males.

District-wise analysis shows that the highest sex

ratio of 1094 is in Pathanamthitta District and the low-

est in Idukki District with 993 females per 1000 males.

Among the surrounding districts, Thrissur has the high-

est sex ratio (Fig 3.20)

In 1991 census, Thrissur district had a sex ratio of

1085 as against 1036 for the state during the correspond-

ing period. Thrissur district had the highest sex ratio

among the districts in 1991. In 2001 census, Sex ratio of

Thrissur district is 1092 which is higher than the State

40



value of 1058. Thrissur district has the second rank

among the districts in respect of sex ratio. The com-

parison of sex ratio of Thrissur district with that of the

state in 1991 and 2001 is shown in Fig. 3.21.

Fig 3.21: Comparison of sex ratio with State

Source: Census 2001

Fig 3.20 Comparison of sex ratio

Source: Census 2001

Within the district, the sex ratio varied from 1064

in Thrissur taluk to 1154 in Chavakkad taluk in 2001. The

highest sex ratio is in Chavakkad taluk (1154), followed

by Kodungallur (1116), Talappilly taluk (1104),

41



Mukundapuram taluk (1068) and Thrissur taluk (1064).

Generally rural areas have higher proportion of females

than that of urban areas. Thrissur District confirms this

pattern.

A higher value of sex ratio could mean that there

is out migration of male (for jobs etc.) population from

district.

The sex ratio in the age group of 0-6 (Figure 3.22)

of the district is 958 which is less than that of the aver-

Fig 3.22 Sex ratio – age group 0 – 6 Source: Census 2001

age value of the sex ratio of the State (960) in this age

group. Reason if any for the same has to be explored.

The variation in sex ratio of 0-6 age group in the

surrounding districts is less (963-954) than the varia-

tion in general value of sex ratio (1092-1017), indicat-

ing that at birth the sex ratio is more or less uniform

irrespective of districts, but it changes later due to the

migration pattern.

3.4.1 AGE SEX PYRAMID

The most important demographic characteristic

of a population is its age-sex structure. Age-sex pyra-

mids (also known as population pyramids) graphically

display this information to improve understanding and

ease comparison.

Age group wise population of Thrissur district is

shown in Fig. 3.23 The age sex pyramid of state Kerala

and Thrissur district is shown in Fig 3.24 and Fig. 3.25.

From the figures it is clear that sex pyramid of the Dis-

trict is more or less similar to that of the State.

42



Fig 3.23: Age group wise population – Thrissur District

Source: Census 2001

Fig 3.24: Age Sex Pyramid – Kerala State

0-10

20-30

40-50

60-70

80-90

Source: Census 2001

43



Fig 3.25: Age Sex Pyramid – Thrissur District

Source: Census 2001

3.5 POPULATION CONCENTRATION PATTERN

The following procedure is adopted to find out

the population concentration pattern.

1. Find the population density of each LSG

2. Arrange the LSGs in the descending order of

density

3. Find the cumulative of the population

4. Identify the LSGs where 1/3rd of the cumula-

tive total population meets.

5. LSGs from top to the LSGs identified in step 4

are the LSGs where 1/3rd population is con-

centrated.

6. Similarly identify the LSGs where ½ and 2/3rd

population is concentrated.

The population concentration patterns of Thrissur

district in 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001 are shown in Fig-

ures 3.26, 3.27, 3.28 and 3.29 respectively.

Considering the population concentration pat-

tern of Thrissur District in 1971 (Figure 3.26), it is clear

that 1/3RD of the cumulative population is distributed

in 23 LSGs which include four Municipal Councils ex-

cept Kodungallur and Kunnamkulam and Thrissur Mu-

nicipal Corporation, ½ of the cumulative population is

distributed in 42 LSGs which include five Municipal

Councils except Kunnamkulam and Thrissur Municipal

Corporation and 2/3rd of the cumulative population is

distributed in 59 LSGs which include all Municipal Coun-

cils and Thrissur Municipal Corporation. These LSGs are

located along coastal areas and the existing statutory

urban areas.


tern of Thrissur District in 1981 (Fig. 3.27), it is clear that

1/3RD of the cumulative population is distributed in 23

LSGs which include five Municipal Councils (except

Kunnamkulam) and the Municipal Corporation, ½ of the

cumulative population is distributed in 42 LSGs which

include five Municipal Councils and one Municipal Cor-

poration except Kunnamkulam Municipal Council and

44



Fig 3.26: Population concentration pattern - 1971


45





2/3rd of the cumulative population is distributed in 59

LSGs which include all Municipal Councils and Munici-

pal Corporation. These 59 LSGs out of 99 LSGs are lo-

cated along coastal areas and near to the existing statu-

tory urban areas. In 1971 Kodungallur Municipal Coun-

cil falls under ½ population concentration category. But

in 1981 it comes under 1/3rd population concentration

category indicating increasing population in this urban

46



Fig 3.30: Population concentration pattern based on net population density of 2001

area.



1/3rd of the cumulative population is distributed in 24

LSGs which include Municipal Councils (except

Kunnamkulam and Chalakkudy) and the Municipal Cor-

poration. ½ of the cumulative population is distributed

in 43 LSGs which include five Municipal Councils except

Kunnamkulam and the Municipal Corporation. 2/3RD of

the cumulative population is distributed in 60 LSGs

which include all Municipal Councils and the Municipal

Corporation. These 60 LSGs include coastal LSGs and

statutory urban areas.



1/3RD of the cumulative population is distributed in 25

LSGs which include five Municipal Councils (except

Kunnamkulam Muncipal Council) and the Thrissur Mu-

nicipal Corporation ½ of the cumulative population is

distributed in 43 LSGs which include all Municipal Coun-

cils and the Municipal Corporation . 2/3rd of the cumula-

tive population is distributed in 61 LSGs which include

all Municipal Councils and Municipal Corporation.

These 61 LSGs out of 99 LSGs include the coastal LSGs

and existing statutory urban areas.

The population concentration pattern based onnet population density

The population concentration pattern is derived

by calculating the cumulative population after arrang-

ing the LSGs in the descending order of net residential

density (total population / habitable area obtained by

subtracting the area of water bodies, forest, paddy, rub-

ber plantation, marshy and wasteland etc. from the

geographical area).

The population concentration pattern of the dis-

trict is shown in Fig. 3.30. It shows 1/3rd of the cumula-

tive population is distributed in 24 LSGs and it includes

5 Municipal Councils (except Chalakkudy Municipal

Council) and the Municipal Corporation. Half of the cu-

mulative population is distributed in 41 LSGs which in-

clude all Municipal Councils and the Municipal Corpo-

ration. 2/3rd of the cumulative population is distributed

in 62 LSGs which include all Municipal Councils and the

Municipal Corporation.

47



It shows 2/3rd of the total population of the dis-

trict is concentrated in 38.21% of the area of the dis-

trict. Considering the above factors, it is concluded that

population is distributed more in the coastal areas, along

the major transportation corridor and around the ur-

ban areas. The spatial location of 24 LSGs, where

1/3rd population is concentrated clearly shows that they

are located along coastal areas and in the corporation

area and its surroundings. This may be due to social/

occupational reasons. The alignment of NH 17 along the

coastal belt more strengthens the above factors.

3.6 MIGRATION DETAILS

The total population of Thrissur district in 1991

census was 2737311. Out of this, 209369 persons were

in-migrants by place of birth who constituted 7.65% of

the total population. The percentage of total male and

female in-migrants by place of birth was 6.66% and

8.56% respectively. As regards in-migrants by place of

birth from other districts of the state, there were 181173

such in-migrants, who constituted 86.53% of the total

in-migrants by place of birth reported in the district

during 1991 census. Among them 83.49% were male in-

migrants and 88.71% were female in-migrants. The per-

centage of in-migrants by place of birth who migrated

from other States and Union Territories of India to

Thrissur district was 11.72%. Among them, 14.4% were

males and 9.80% were females.

3.7 POPULATION PROJECTION (TREND BASED)

Population growth of an area depends on num-

bers of births, death, in migrants and out migrants over

a time period taken for the population projection. If

one can predict the exact future values of all these fac-

tors, population projection of that area can be done

very accurately. The mathematical expression is as fol-

lows

P1 = P0 + B- D + I-O , where P1 and P0 refers to the

size of population at the beginning and end of a time

period and B, D,I and O are the number of births , deaths

, immigrants and out migrants respectively in the time

period concerned. Practically this is very difficult .So

population projection is usually done by understand-

ing the pattern of population growth in the past and

assuming the same pattern will continue in the future,

the present population is projected to the desired fu-

ture period.

The population is projected by two methods

namely Decreasing rate method and Apportionment

method and average of the two is taken as the popula-

tion figures in 2011 and 2021.

Table 3.7: Projected District Population – Decreasing rate method

Year Total population Population Growth rate % Decrease inPopulation Growth rate

1971 2,128,877

1981 2,439,633 14.6

1991 2,737,311 12.2 -16.41

2001 2,974,232 8.66 -29.07

2011 3,156,775 6.14 -29.09

2021 3,294,161 4.35 -29.09

Source: Census 2001

48



1971 21,347,375 2,128,877 0.0997 1981 25,453,680 2,439,633 0.0958 -0.03891991 29,098,518 2,737,311 0.0941 -0.018522001 31,841,374 2,974,232 0.0934 -0.007042011 33,817,196 3,150,353 0.0932 -0.002672021 35,198,589 3,278,716 0.0931 -0.0001

YearTotal population

Kerala Thrissur

Ratio of Districtpopulation to Sate

Population

Change inthe ratio

Table 3.8: Projected District Population – Apportionment method

Source: Census 2001

3.7.1 Decreasing rate method

The population growth rate of 2011 & 2021 are

calculated assuming that the same percentage of de-

crease in population growth prevails as that of 2001 for

the succeeding two decades. Based on the population

growth rate calculated, the population of the District is

projected for 2011 and 2021 and the result is given in

Table 3.7.

3.7.2 Apportionment method

In the apportionment method the ratio of the

District population to the State population has been

found out and the same is projected to the next two

decades assuming the change in the ratio during 2001 -

2011 and 2011-2021 will remain same as the value of

that during 2001-2011. In order to find out the projected

population in 2011 and 2021, the projected populations

of the State during the same years are needed. The

details of the population projection of Kerala is elabo-

rated in the Annexe 3. The projected population of the

YearTotal population as per

decrease rate method

Total population as perapportionment method

Average

population figures

2011 3,156,775 3,150,353 3,153,564

2021 3,294,161 3,278,716 3,286,439

TABLE 3.9: FINAL PROJECTED POPULATION FIGURES OF THE DISTRICT

Source: Census 2001

District based on the apportionment method is given

in table 3.8.

The projected total population by the two meth-

ods differs slightly. The average of these two is taken

as the population figures of Thrissur District for 2011

and 2021. This is given in Table 3.9 .Thus the projected

total population of Thrissur District for 2011 and 2021

are 3,153,564 and 3,286,439 respectively.

3.8 INFERENCE

The population density of Thrissur district is 981

pp sq km which is higher than the state average value

of 819 pp.sq.km. Among the surrounding districts, popu-

lation density of Thrissur is less than that of Ernakulam

and Malappuram. The growth rate of population in the

district is significantly declining for the last three de-

cades and hence it can be presumed that there won’t

be much increase in the gross population density of

the district in future if the present trend continues.

The spatial agglomeration pattern of population

49



POPULATION

clearly shows that the transportation corridors espe-

cially the national highways passing through the dis-

trict plays a crucial role in formulating the spatial con-

centration pattern of population. Other determinants

are social and physical character of coastal areas near-

ness to existing urban areas etc.

Three distinct zones can be earmarked based on

the distribution of the gross population density. The

eastern high land region of the district shows the least

gross population density value of less than 750 popula-

tion/sq km. The LSGs in the mid land region is having a

gross population density range of 750-1500 population/

sq km. The highest population density is seen in the

coastal belt of the district which falls in the range 1500-

3200 population / sq km. Based on the trend it is pro-

jected that the population of the District will be in-

creased by 1.79 lakhs and 1.33 lakhs in the succeeding

decades, 2001-11 and 2011-2021 respectively.

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE


In this chapter the existing economic base of

the District based on the occupational structure of

the District as per census 2001 is studied. The

change that has happened in the economic base of

the district over a period of time is also probed

into.

4.1 WORK FORCE OF THE DISTRICT

Population, workforce and employment are

closely interrelated and change in the size, com-

position and distribution of population will alter

the structure of the labour force. In turn, a change

in the size of the labour force, level of employ-

ment and job opportunities will affect components

of population change, particularly fertility and migra-

tion.

The work participation rate of Kerala is 32% as

per 2001 census. As per census 2001, the work partici-

Chapter – 4OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

Fig 4.1: Work Participation of Thrissur District

Source: Census 2001

Fig 4.2: Work Participation Rate –comparison with surrounding Districts

Sour

ce:

Cen

sus

2001

pation rate of Idukki district is maximum (43%) and

Malappuram district has the lowest work participation

rate (24%). The work participation rate of Thrissur Dis-

trict is equals to that of the state (ie32%) in 2001 (Fig

4.1). That means, out of the total population of 29.74

lakhs, 9.55 lakhs are workers.

In comparison with surrounding districts, WPR

of Thrissur district is greater than that of Malappuram &

less than that of Ernakulam and Palakkad District. (Fig

4.2.)

When the WPR of urban areas are compared, WPR

of Thrissur district (32%) is greater than that of

Malappuram & less than that of Ernakulam and Palakkad

district. (fig 4.3.)

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<< CHAPTER 3

OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur


Fig 4.3: WPR of Urban Areas –comparison with surrounding Districts

The total workers are further divided in to the

main and marginal workers. Main workers constitute

27 % of the total population and marginal workers con-

stitute 5 % of the total population. This is shown in fig

4.4. Out of the total workers in Thrissur district, 25% are

female workers.

The change in the number of total workers and

main workers during 1981-2001 is shown in fig 4.5

and table 4.1. The graph shows that, though the total

Source: Census 2001

Fig 4.4 Main & Marginal Workers

workers are gradually increasing over last three decades

(from 1981 to 2001), the rate of increase in the number

of main workers shows slightly decreasing trend in be-

tween 1991 and 2001 when compared to 1981-1991

trend, indicating a dim picture about the current eco-

nomic base of the District. The number of total workers

of the district shows increase in figures during 1991-

2001, the growth rate of workers during this period is

9.2% which is above the growth rate of total population

of 8.66% of the same period. This indicates that the

opportunity of working is increasing in proportion to

the growth of population.

Fig 4.5: Temporal variation of total workers and total main workers 1981-2001

Source: Census 2001

52



Table 4.1: Total Workers and Main workers 1981-2001

1981 1991 2001

Total workers 722,784 874,806 955,300

Total Main workers 648,825 804,738 808,965

Source: Census 2001

4.2 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

The nine fold classification of workers of Thrissur

district in 1991 is shown in Fig 4.6. From the figure it is

clear that 23% of workers were agricultural labourers

and 20% workers were engaged in other services. For

the purpose of analysis the classification into primary,

secondary and tertiary sector (Fig 4.7). Primary sector

includes agriculture labourers, Cultivators and Live-

stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, Plantation, Orchards

Fig 4.6: Nine fold classification of workers – 1991 census

Source: Census 2001

and Allied activities & mining and quarrying. Second-

ary sector includes Manufacturing, Processing, Servic-

ing and repairs in Household industries and other than

household industries. And finally tertiary sector in-

cludes Trade and commerce, Transport, storage and

Communications & other services. As per the above

grouping 39% workers were engaged in primary sector,

19% of workers were engaged in secondary sector and

42% of workers were engaged in tertiary sector. (See

Fig. 4.7)

53



Fig 4.7: Worker Classification – 1991 census

Source: Census 2001

Table 4.2: Four fold classification of workers - 2001, Thrissur District

Cultivators Agricultural HH Industrial Workers Other WorkersLabourers

50,692 108907 48850 746851

Source: Census 2001

Fig 4.8: Classification of workers - 2001 census

Source: Census 2001

However in 2001 census, a four-fold classifica-

tion of workers are only available.

Occupational structure of Thrissur district as per

2001 census is shown in Figure 4.8 and Table 4.2.

54



A comparison of the occupational structure of

districts surrounding Thrissur District is shown in Fig-

ure 4.9.

Fig 4.9: Occupational structure of the surrounding districts - 2001

Source: Census 2001

The percentage of the agriculture labourers and

cultivators together constitute 43%, 24%, 17%, 13% of

the total workers in Palakkad, Malappuram, Thrissur and

Ernakulam districts respectively ( Fig 4.8 and 4.9). The

total percentage of agricultural labourers and cultiva-

tors of Thrissur District is third among the neighboring

districts. But the total percentage of house hold indus-

trial workers of Thrissur District is the highest among

the neighboring districts.

The cultivators and agricultural labourers consti-

tute only 17 % of the total workers whereas major share

of workers (78%) belongs to the other workers category

(See fig 4.8). Other workers category 2001 census will

include some of the primary workers like fishermen,

workers engaged in mining and plantation works. As-

suming that 20 % of the other workers category belong

to such workers, the remaining 58 % of the total work-

ers engage in secondary / tertiary activity. More or less

similar pattern exists with the respect to workers clas-

sification in remaining districts of the state also. This is

in contrast against the national figures where more

than 60% of the total workers engage in primary activ-

55



ity. This is a clear indication of the rural areas being less

rural in Thrissur District as well as in the state.

4.3 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE - VARIATION INURBAN AND RURAL AREAS OF THRISSUR DISTRICT

The Table 4.3 shows the urban - rural break up of

four-fold category of workers in the District. This is de-

picted in pie diagram in Figure 4.10.

Cultivators Agricultural HH Industrial Other Total

Labourers Workers Workers Workers

Persons % Persons % Persons % Persons % Persons %

Urban 3395 1 9872 4 12920 5 241478 90 267665 100

Rural 47297 7 99035 14 35930 5 505373 74 687635 100

Table 4.3: Workers Classification – Urban and Rural Break up

Source: Census 2001

Fig 4.10: Classification of total workers in urban & rural areas of Thrissur District - 2001

Source: Census 2001

The above table shows that the share of cultiva-

tors and agricultural labourers, in the work force is 5%

and 21% respectively in urban areas and rural areas.

The household industrial workers share is the same at

5% in both the urban and rural areas. This indicates that

as far as the workers classification is considered, all

most all the workers (90%) in urban area belonging to

tertiary sector for their lively hood. Household indus-

trial sector share in both urban and rural areas is found

to be approximately equal. However the above data

clearly points out that both in urban and rural area,

atleast 2/3rd of the population depends on non agricul-

tural pursuits.

4.4 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE – ESTIMATION OFNINE FOLD CLASSIFICATION OF 2001

Due to the differences in classification of work-

ers in 1991 and 2001, the four fold classification of 2001,

is rearranged to nine categories of workers to facilitate

comparison and analyse of shifts in sectoral composi-

56



tion of workers.

Based on the total number of workers and work

participation rate, the nine fold classification in 2001 is

estimated and it is shown in Fig. 4.11.

Fig 4.11: Nine fold classification of workers(Estimated) – 2001 census

Source: Census 2001

Through the comparison of 9 fold classification

of 1991 and estimated 9 fold classification in 2001 it can

be seen that work force in H.H. Industries other than

H.H. Industries, Trade and Commerce, Transport stor-

age and communication and others show an increasing

trend where as cultivators and agricultural labourers Fig 4.12: Worker Classification – 2001 census (Estimated)

Source: Census 2001

Fig 4.13: Worker Classification – 1991 & 2001 census

Source: Census 2001

shows declining trend. When grouped into primary,

secondary and tertiary sector (Fig 4.12). 28% workers

engaged in primary sector, 23% of workers engaged in

secondary sector and 49% of workers engaged in ter-

tiary sector.

When compared with 1991 census (Fig 4.13) a sig-

nificant shift in the occupational structure of the Dis-

trict, from Primary to Service sector & Secondary Sector

& Secondary Sector can be observed.

57



The LSG wise distribution of workers based on

nine fold classification during 2001 (estimated) shown

in fig 4.14. The LSG wise distribution of primary second-

Fig 4.14: LSG wise distribution of workers based on 9 fold classification (estimated) – 2001 census

Fig 4.15: LSG wise distribution of workers – 2001 census

ary and tertiary workers is shown in Figure 4.15. From

the figure, it is clear that primary workers are more con-

centrated on the eastern region of the district. The per-

58



centage of primary workers in the district is in the range

5 – 75%. Thrissur Muncipal Corporation and six Munici-

pal Councils show very less percentage of primary work-

ers (less than 20%). Percentage of primary workers is

more in Athirapilly Grama Panchayat (74.79%) and least

in Thrissur Muncipal Corporation (5.29%).

Secondary workers are more concentrated in mid

land and coastal regions. The percentage of secondary

workers is least in eastern region. The percentage of

secondary workers in the district is in the range 5 – 50%.

The percentage of secondary workers in Thrissur

Muncipal Corporation and six Municipal Councils lies in

the range 15–30%. Percentage of secondary workers is

more in Nenmanikkara Grama Panchayat (47.87%) and

least in Athirapilly Grama Panchayat (6.15%) where pri-

mary workers are more concentrated.

Tertiary workers are more concentrated in mid

land and coastal regions and the percentage is least in

eastern region. The percentage of tertiary workers in

the district is in the range 15 – 80%. The percentage of

tertiary workers in eastern region is less than 40%. The

percentage of tertiary workers in Thrissur Muncipal Cor-

poration and six Municipal Councils is more than 55%.

Percentage of tertiary workers is more in Guruvayur

Municipal Council (77.31%) and least in Athirapilly

Grama Panchayat (19.06%)

4.5 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE MAJOR CLASSESOF WORKERS

The concentration index of the four classes of

workers viz: House hold industrial workers, Cultivators,

Agricultural labourers and Other workers are calculated

for each LSGs (See Annexe 4) and its spatial variation is

analyzed. This gives an idea about where a particular

class of workers is concentrated in the district.

Figure 4.16 shows the variation of the concentra-

tion index of house hold industrial workers. From the

figure it is clear that the house hold industrial workers

are concentrated in the coastal region.

The concentration index of house hold industrial

Fig 4.16: Concentration index of HH industrial workers in LSGS, Thrissur District - 2001

59



workers is maximum at Sreenarayanapuram which is

situated in the coastal area. Concentration index of

house holds industrial workers is less in eastern region

of the district except in Thiruvilwamala. It may be due

to the presence of world famous “Kuthampully” (both

handloom type and power loom type) industry there.

Kuthampully is 5kms from Tiruvilwamala and is well

known for kasavu handloom weaving. Kuthampully

Handloom Industrial Cooperative Society was regis-

Fig 4.17: Concentration index of Agricultural labourers in LSGS - Thrissur

tered in Kuthampully village, on the banks of the leg-

endary Bharathappuzha, in the Thiruvilwamala Grama

Panchayat, in the year 1972 with 102 members.

Kuthampully Sarees and other handlooms are

favourites especially among womenfolk not only in

Kerala, but also in other parts of the country.

The concentration index of house hold industrial

workers at Sreenarayanapuram, Edavilangu,

Kaipamangalam, Mathilakam is more than 3. All the

four LSGs are situated in the coastal region. Coir prod-

ucts, Thazhappaya, Handicrafts, Fish products, Food

products, Cement Door frames and Window frames etc.

are the main house hold industries in these regions.

Figure 4.17 shows the variation of the concentra-

tion index of agricultural labourers LSG wise. From the

figure it is clear that agricultural labourers are concen-

trated in north eastern part of Thrissur District. In that

region concentration of house hold industrial workers

are less except Thiruvilwamala.

The concentration index of is maximum at

Kondazhi which is situated in the high land region. The

concentration index is more than 2.8 at Kondazhi,

Chelakkara, Panjal and Pazhayannur Grama Panchayats

which is situated in the high land region. Concentra-

tion index of agricultural labourers in the coastal LSG is

generally less than one.

Figure 4.18 shows LSG wise variation of the con-

centration index of cultivators and the distribution pat-

tern of it shows that cultivators are concentrated in the

mid and high land regions of the district.

60



Fig 4.18: Spatial distribution of the concentration index of Cultivators

Fig 4.19: Spatial distribution of the concentration index of other workers

61



The concentration index of cultivators is maxi-

mum at Alur which is situated in the mid land region.

The concentration index of cultivators is more than 1.5

in Grama Panchayts of Alur, Annamanada, Kodakara,

Kondazhi, Mattathur, Pariyaram, Pazhayannur,

Puthenchira and Thekkumkara. All these LSG are situ-

ated in the high and mid land regions. The concentra-

tion index of cultivators in the coastal region is gener-

ally less than one. Most of the LSGs lie in the range of

concentration index 1.0-1.5.

Figure 4.19 shows LSG wise variation of the con-

centration index of other workers and the distribution

pattern shows concentration of other workers in the

mid and coastal regions of the district.

The concentration index of other workers is maxi-

Table 4.4: Concentration Pattern of Workers

LSGs where HH IndustrialWorkers are concentrated

(Con.Index > 1.5)

LSGs where AgricultureWorkers are concentrated

(Con.Index > 1.5)

LSGs whereCultivators areconcentrated

(Con.Index > 1.5)

LSGs where Other Workers areconcentrated

(Con.Index > 1.1)

SreenarayanapuramMathilakamKaipamangalamEdavilanguThiruvilwamalaParalamCherpuPerinjanamNenmanikkaraParappukkaraEriyadElavallyValappad

KondhazhiPazhayannurChelakkaraPanjalVaravoorThiruvilwamalaVelurDesamangalamChazhurMelurPariyaramKodasseryThekkumkkaraMullasseryKadangodePorkulamMullurkkaraAnnamanadaParalamPanancheryPuthenchiraMattathurKadavallur

AlurKodakaraKondhazhiMattathurPazhayannurAnnamanadaPariyaramThekkumkkaraPuthenchiraVelukkaraKuzhurKodasseryChelakkaraMelurPanancheryMalaTholurParalamChowannur

Guruvayur Municipal councilMethalaKadappuramThrissur Municpal CorporationOrumanayurPavarattyChavakkad Municipal councilKodungallur Municipal councilEngandiyurIrinjalakkuda Municipal councilAthirapillyPoyyaThaikkadVadanappillyPookodeEriyadPerinjanamAvinisseryThalikulamPunnayurValappadNattikkaKunnamkulamMunicipal CouncilVadakkekadChalakkudy Municipal councilKolazhyEdathiruthyKaralamPuthurKadukuttyDesamangalamMuriyadPuthukkad

Source: Census 2001

62



mum at Guruvayur Municipal Council. The concentra-

tion index of other workers is more than 1.1 in 27 LSGS

(Estimated) which includes Thrissur Municipal Corpo-

ration, Guruvayur Municipal Council, Chalakkudy

Muncipal Council, Chavakkad Municipal Council,

Irinjalakkuda Municipal Council, Kodungallur Munici-

pal Council and Kunnamkulam Municipal Council. Other

Fig. 4.19a Concentration of workers in Primary sector - LSG wise distribution

workers are more concentrated in and around urban

areas of the District. The concentration index of other

workers is less in the north eastern part of the district

where cultivators and agricultural labourers are more

concentrated.

The result of the analysis is shown in Table 4.4.

4.6 ACTIVITY PATTERN BASED ON OCCUPATIONALSTRUCTURE OF WORKERS

For analyzing the activity pattern of the district,

the concentration index of three class of workers viz:

Primary sector workers, Secondary sector workers and

Tertiary sector workers are calculated for each LSG (see

Annexe 4.A) and its spatial variation is analyzed

(fig4.19a, 4.19b, 4.19c).

it is clear that primary workers are more concen-

trated in high land region and some mid land LSGS. Sec-

ondary workers are concentrated in the mid land re-

gion and some coastal LSGS and the tertiary workers

are more concentrated in and arround the urban areas.

Overlaying the above concentration pattern of

primary, secondary and tertiary workers an activity pat-

tern based on work force can be evolved as below.

1. Primary Activity

2. Secondary Activity

3. Tertiary Activity

4. Combination of Primary Activity

63



Fig. 4.19b Concentration of workers in Secondary sector - LSG wise distribution

Fig. 4.19c Concentration of workers in Tertiary sector - LSG wise distribution

64



Fig 4.20: Activity Pattern of LSGS evolved based on concentration pattern of workers

Table 4.5: Four fold Classification of workers - 1981 to 2001

Cultivators Agr. labourers HH Industrial Workers Others

1981 60657 166408 34165 387595

1991 74064 183588 35898 511188

2001 50692 108907 48850 746851

Source: Census 2001

& Secondary Activity

5. Combination of Primary Activity & Ter-

tiary Activity

6. Combination of Secondary Activity &

Tertiary Activity

The activity pattern evolved in this manner is

given in figure. 4.20

From the above analysis, it is seen that activity

pattern of 29 LSGs is primary and 21 LSGs is secondary.

Tertiary activity pattern is seen in 11 LSGs. The rest of 38

LSGs have combination of the above activity patterns.

(6 LSGs with combination of primary and secondary ac-

tivity, 15 LSGs with combination of primary and tertiary

and 17 LSGs with combination of secondary and tertiary

activity).

4.7 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE - TEMPORALVARIATION

The number of various categories of workers

from 1981 to 2001 in the district is given in the table 4.5.

Cultivators and agricultural labourers show decrease in

total numbers (a decrease of approximately 17% and

65



Fig 4.21: Variation in the number of different category of workers in urban area

Table 4.6: Four fold classification of urban workers : 1981-2001

Year Cultivators Agri Labourers HH Industrial Workers Other Workers

1981 4352 11751 6131 113780

1991 7011 17946 9861 172723

2001 3395 9872 12920 241478

Source: Census 2001

35%) during the period from 1981 to 2001, whereas the

other workers show an increase of 93%. This is a clear

indication of the weakening of the primary, mainly the

agricultural sector, in the district.

The Fig 4.21 and table 4.6 shows the variation of

the number of different category of workers in the ur-

ban area from 1981 to 2001. There is significant increase

in the category of other workers during this period,

meanwhile the category of workers in cultivators and

agricultural labourers are in the decline during the same

period. The house hold industrial workers also show an

increase during the period 1981-2001.

The fig 4.22 and table 4.7 shows the variation of

different category of workers in the rural area during

the period from 1981- 2001. The pattern of change in

the number of workers in different category show that

the rural area also exhibit the same pattern as that of

the urban area. This indicates that the primary sector

activity, mainly the agricultural activity is on the de-

cline in the rural area of the District. The back bone of

any economy of a region is the production sector, the

decline of which will have effects in multiple faces like

self sufficiency, economic stability etc. of a region.

66



Table 4.7: Four fold classification of rural workers : 1981-2001

Year Cultivators Agri Labourers HH Industrial Workers Other Workers

1981 56305 154657 28034 273815

1991 67053 165642 26037 338465

2001 47297 99035 35930 505373

Source: Census 2001

Fig 4.22 Variation in the number of different category of workers in rural areas

Sour

ce:

Cen

sus

2001

Fig 4.23: Changes in the occupational structure in urban areas of the district

Sour

ce:

Cen

sus

2001

67



Fig 4.24: Changes in the occupational structure in rural areas of the district

Sour

ce:

Cen

sus

2001

Comparison of the changes in the occupational

structure of the district in urban and rural areas are

shown in fig 4.23 and fig 4.24 respectively.

The above figure clearly indicates that the per-

centage of workers engaged in primary sector in rural

areas is alarmingly decreasing whereas the percentage

of workers in the other workers category is increasing.

This indicates a dilution of the rural nature of the rural

areas of the district. Workers in other workers category

is increasing both in urban and rural area. This has re-

sulted in the narrowing down of the boundary, distin-

guishing the character of rural and urban areas.

4.8 PROJECTION OF OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE(TREND BASED)

Occupational structure of an area determines

whether an area is urban or rural. As per the projection

made earlier in the urbanization studies, the total ur-

ban population of the District is expected to be in-

creased to 732235 and 979310 in 2011 and 2021 respec-

tively. Of course this will be reflected in the occupa-

tional structure of the area also. Before projecting the

possible occupational structure of the District, it is es-

sential to arrive at the work participation rate (WPR)

during 2011 and 2021. WPR of the District over a time

period is shown in Figure 4.25 and Table 4.8

Table 4.8: Value of WPR

68

1981 1991 2001

WPR 29.63 31.96 32.12WPR - Urban 28 31 32WPR - Rural 30 32 32



Fig 4.25: Temporal variation of WPR

Sour

ce:

Cen

sus

2001

From this it is clear that WPR of the urban area is

increasing over the period of time. WPR of rural area

has been increased from 30 % to 32% during the period

from 1981 to 1991 and after that during the succeeding

decade the value of WPR didn’t change, remained at 32

%. The fact that WPR of the urban area is equal to that

of the rural area indicates a uniform picture about the

number of job opportunities created in urban and rural

areas against the popular belief that urban area creates

more job opportunities.

This trend has to be changed in such a way that

urban area creates more job opportunities. Otherwise

it will affect the environmental and economical

sustainability of a region. There will be migration of

Table 4.9 : Number of Workers Projected (WPR)

1981 1991 2001 2011 2021

WPR 29.63 31.96 32.12 32.82 33.26

Source: Census 2001

Fig 4.26 : Projection of WPR

69



people from urban to rural areas resulting in the pos-

sible destruction of the resources like agricultural area,

water bodies and environmentally sensitive areas in

the rural area for residential purpose and thus destroy-

ing the economic base of the District.

It is accepted that a WPR of 40 % indicates a well

off society as far as the job opportunities are concerned.

The present WPR is only 32.12% and attaining a WPR of

40% by two decades is very difficult. In this circumstance

it is assumed that by 2021 the WPR of the District will

Table 4.10 : Number of workers projected

1981 1991 2001 2011 2021

WPR 29.63 31.96 32.12 32.82 33.26Population 2439633 2737311 2974232 3153564 3286439Workers 722784 874806 955300 1035000 1093070

Source: Census 2001

Table 4.11: Projection of workers in urban and rural areas

be a moderate figure of 33.26%. Assuming a uniform

increase in the WPR, the projected WPR of the District

is shown in table 4.9 and fig 4.26.

The number workers based on the projected WPR

is given in table 4.10.

In order to arrest the trend of migration of people

from urban to rural area, it is assumed that the WPR in

both urban and rural areas attain the same value of

33.26% accordingly the number of workers in urban and

rural area are projected. This given in table 4.11.

4.9 INFERENCE

The backbone of any economy of a region is the

production sector. The analysis of the occupational struc-

ture of the District shows a very alarming situation about

the economic base of the district. The production sec-

tor including the agriculture and cultivator sector shows

declining trend in the district. The sectors, which show

growth, are the industrial and the service sector. More

than 50% of the urban population depends on the ser-vice sector for their lively hood. It is observed that ruralarea of the district is also slowly withdrawing from theprimary sector and started depending more on the ser-vice sector. The boundary distinguishing the characterof rural and urban areas is narrowing down. If this trendin the change in the occupational structure of the dis-trict is considered, there won’t be any distinction inthe occupational structure whether it is in an urban or

rural area.

Year Total workers

Urban rural break up of total workers

WPR totalUrban Rural

Number of workers

WPRNumber of

workersWPR

1981 722784 146449 0.28 576335 0.30 0.296

1991 874806 221188 0.31 653618 0.32 0.320

2001 955300 267665 0.32 687635 0.32 0.321

2011 1035000 240759 0.3288 794241 0.3280 0.3282

2021 1093070 325719 0.3326 767351 0.3326 0.3326

70

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CHAPTER 5 >>

District Spatial Plan - Thrissur LAND USE


Use of a percent of land is indicated by the pre-

dominant activity be it agriculture, residential, com-

mercial, forest etc, for which the land is put to. Hence

the analysis of the existing land use is inevitable to

understand the predominant economic activities of an

area as well as the availability of vacant land for future

economic activities. In order to spatially analyze the

land use pattern and economic activity as well as link-

ages between them land use survey in all the 99 LSGs in

the district has to be completed. However this will take

considerable time period. The source of the data is from

Satellite Data from IRS P6 LISS-IV Mx/ LISS- III/

PAN 2003-‘04 (India Satellite Data). The Data forms part

of the Natural Resources and Environmental Data Base

(NREDB). The Data on Land Use has been procured from

Kerala State Land use Board. The above data base is

predominantly agriculture oriented and as such the

Chapter –5LAND USE

analysis limited to that extent.

5.1 LAND USE PATTERN OF KERALA STATE

Based on the land use data of the Natural Re-

sources and Enviornmental Data Base the Land use of

Kerala can be categorized under 9 Major categories and

the percentage share of these categories is shown in

Table (5.1) and Fig 5.1. Accordingly predominant land

use of the state is a mix of residential and agricultural

which constitute 48.38 % total Land area. It can be fur-

ther seen that Forest area of the state contribute nearly

23.18 % of the total area making the forest land use as

second highest land use of the state. The Agricultural

Land use and plantation land use together constitute

20.18% (Agricultural 10.17% and plantation 10.01%) of

total area. The above analysis further support the real

to ground peculiar scenario of the state in terms of ur-

Table 5.1: Land use break-up – Kerala State

SI No Land use Category % Of Total Area

1 Forest 23.18

2 Water bodies 2.92

3 Marshy Land 0.28

4 Residential 3.45

5 Agriculture 10.17

6 Plantation 10.01

7 Res/Agr Mix 41.38

8 Other Built up Land Use 0.48

9 Others 8.13

Total 100.00

Source: Natural resources and enviornmental data base of Kerala

71

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LANDUSE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur


ban rural continuum, highly scattered settlement pat-

tern, and traditional homestead type of development

23.18%

8.13%

10.01%

10.17%

41.38x

Source: Natural resources and enviornmental data base of Kerala

Fig 5.1: Land use breakup – Kerala State

individual house surrounded by agricultural

land mainly of mixed crop cultivation.

5.2 LAND USE BREAK UP OF THRISSURDISTRICT

Total area of the district is 3035 Sq.km.

The breakup of land use area of the District

with its percentage to total area of the Dis-

trict is shown in Table 5.2 and Fig. 5.2. The

land use map of the district is shown in Fig.

5.3 The highest percentage of land use falls

under the category Residential / Agricultural

mix, which include mainly dry agriculture

lands where in residential developments are

co-existent. The district consists of 353.65 sq

km of pacca agricultural land and 31.53 sq kmFig 5.2 : Percentage of land use breakup

of land under intense residential land use. Water bod-

ies and forest also has a significant share (88.58 and

772.86 sq km respectively) in the land use of the dis-

trict.

72

District Spatial Plan - Thrissur LANDUSE


Table 5.2: Land use breakup – Thrissur District

SI No. Land use Area (Sqkm) Percentage

1 Forest 772.86 25.462 Water bodies 88.58 2.923 Kole Land 32.62 1.074 Residential 31.53 1.045 Agriculture 353.65 11.656 Plantation 159.35 5.257 Res/Agr Mix 1544.90 50.898 Other Built up Land Use 19.67 0.659 Others 32.46 1.07

Total 3035.63 100.00Generated from NREDB of the State

Fig 5.3: Land use map – Thrissur District

From the analysis of land use of the district it is

clear that, the major portion of the total land area of

the District is coming under three major uses– Resi-

dential / Agricultural mix (50.89 %), forest land (25.46


%) and agriculture (11.65 %). The glaring aspect of the

land use is that the district is blessed with potential

resources such as agricultural land and forest.

73



5.3 REGIONAL LAND USE STUDY

Clearly the process of land use analysis of Thrissur

District shall starts with an insight to the whole Kerala

state and neighboring Districts (Malappuram, Palakkad

and Ernakulam). In this section an attempt has been

made compare the land use pattern of Thrissur District

with the state as well as with surrounding districts of

Palakkad, Ernakulam and Malappuram. Land use pat-

tern of Thrissur in comparison with Kerala state is shown

in Table 5.3. From the table, it is clear that within the

SI No Land use Area % of Percentage of the( sqkm) total corresponding area

in the Dist. in the state

1 Forest 772.86 25.46 23.18

2 Water bodies 88.58 2.92 2.92

3 Marshy Land 32.62 1.07 0.28

4 Residential 31.53 1.04 3.45

5 Agriculture 353.65 11.65 10.17

6 Plantation 159.35 5.25 10.01

7 Res/Agr Mix 1544.90 50.89 41.38

8 Other Built up Land Use 19.67 0.65 0.48

9 Others 32.46 1.07 8.13

Table 5.4 Land use break - comparison with Neighbouring Districts

Generated from NREDB of the State

SI No LAND USE Ernakulam Thrissur Palakkad Malappuram

1 Forest 661.02 772.86 1263.90 643.13

2 Water bodies 174.58 88.58 123.42 57.05

3 Kole Land 0.00 32.62 4.58 11.87

4 Residential 233.53 31.53 12.05 18.14

5 Agriculture 275.26 353.65 755.55 252.27

6 Plantation 174.82 159.35 208.59 138.19

7 Res/Agr Mix 1483.61 1544.90 1813.06 2159.13

8 Other Built up Land Use 3.40 19.67 56.75 19.79

9 Others 37.87 32.46 231.08 252.30

Total 3044.09 3035.63 4468.98 3551.87

Generated from NREDB of the State

Table 5.3 Comparison of Land use break up of Thrissur District and Kerala state

district the predominant land use is mix of residential

and agriculture. The comparison of category wise land

use with that of Kerala shows that the share of total

Kole land in Kerala is high in Thrissur District. The share

of Residential / Agricultural land use category is also on

the higher compared to state.

The comparison of Land use pattern of Thrissur

District with neighbouring Districts (Malappuram,

Palakkad and Ernakulam), is shown in Table 5.3.

74



Comparison of the percentage of share Forest

land use of Thrissur District and neighbouring three

Districts shown in Fig. 5.4. The figure clearly shows

that Palakkad District has the highest share where as

Thrissur is placed in the second position.

Fig 5.4 Comparison of the percentage share of Forest Landuse of the state in surrounding districts

Fig 5.5 Forest Land use comparison with surrounding districts

The percentage of Forest Land Use of each dis-

trict is shown in Fig.5.5 . Palakkad district shows high-

est percentage (28.28%) followed by Thrissur. (25.46%).

Ernakulam and Malappuram shows less percentage of

forest land comparing to Thrissur Dist.

In case of land depicted as Marshy land in the

data base Ernakulam has no land under this category

where as Thrissur shows highest contribution of about

31.82% of the total area under this category in the state

(fig. 5.6).

The percentage of Marshy land of each district is

shown in fig. 5.7 The figure shows that Thrissur district

shows highest percentage (1.07 %). It is observed that

the Kole lands of the district is categorised as Marshy

land as per NREDB. Hence the percentage share of

marshy land in Thrissur district is reported to be high.

Fig 5.6 Comparison of the percentage share of land marked asMarshy Land of the state in Thrissur and surrounding district

Fig 5.7 Percentage share of Marshy Land - Comparison withsurrounding districts

Residential land use which include landuses

categorised as Mixed Built-up/Mixed Built-up con-

verted from paddy, Residential, and Residential (Con-

verted from Paddy) shows higher concentration in

Ernakulam District with 18.62% of the total area under

this category in the state. The corresponding share of

Thrissur District is only 2.51%. At the same time it is

higher than the corresponding shares of Palakkad and

Malappuram District (fig. 5.8).

Fig 5.8 Comparison of the percentage share of ResidentialLand Use in district of Kerala - Thrissur and Surrounding District

75



Fig 5.9 Comparison of Percentage share of Residential landuse in Thrissur & Surrounding Districts

The percentage of Residential Land use of

Thrissur & Surrounding Districts is shown in Fig. 5.9 The

figure shows that Ernakulam district shows highest per-

centage (7.67%) followed by Thrissur. (1.04%).

Malappuram and Palakkad shows lowest percentages.

In case of wet agriculture land use Palakkad shows

dominance (20.45%) within whole Kerala State and

Thrissur has a share of 9.57% of agricultural land in the

state Fig. 5.10

The comparison of percentage of Agriculture

Land Use of each district is shown in Fig.5.11. The fig-

ure shows that Palakkad district shows highest per-

centage (16.91%) and Thrissur District is in second po-

sition (11.65%) followed by Ernakulam and

Malappuram.

Fig 5.11 Percentage share of Agriculture land use - Thrissur &Surrounding district

Fig 5.10 Comparison of the percentage share of AgriculturalLand use of the State - Thrissur & surrunding district

Res / Agri mix category mainly include dry agri-

culture land uses. Comparing to the other districts of

Kerala, Thrissur and surrounding three districts show

highest (Fig. 5.13) concentration of mix of residential

and agricultural land uses.

Fig 5.13 Comparison of the percentage share of State Res/AgrMix land use of the state in Thrissur & Surrounding district

The percentage share of Plantation Land Use in

Thrissur & surrounding districts is shown in Fig. 5.12.

The figure shows that Ernakulam district shows highest

percentage (5.74%) . Among the near by district Thrissur

fall under 2nd position.

Fig 5.12 Comparison of Plantation Land use Thrissur &Surrounding district

5.74% 5.25% 4.67%3.89%

76



The percentage share of Forest Land Use of each

district is shown in Fig. 5.14. The figure shows that

Malappuram district shows highest percentage (60.79%)

followed by Thrissur (50.89%), Ernakulam shows

(48.74%), Palakkad shows less percentage (40.57%) of

Resi / Agri mix land.

Fig 5.14 Percentage of Res / Agr mix land use in the district

5.4 CONCENTRATION PATTERN OF LAND USE

The concentration pattern of a land uses gives an

idea about where that particular land use is concen-

trated within the District.

The Concentration Index value may be greater

than one, equal to one or less than one. LSGS

with Concentration Index greater than one indicates

that the land use under consideration is concentrated

more than the other LSGS in the district.

Using the above method concentration index of

9 categories of Land use (which are Forest, Water Bod-

ies, Marshy Land, Residential, Agriculture, Plantation,

Resi/Agri Mix, Other built up land use and Others) are

analysed.

The regional land use study shows a general ob-

servation that Thrissur stand in the second or third po-

sition with respect to surrounding district in the case of

urban components of landuse (residential, mixed

builtup, resi/agri mix etc., other built up etc.) and rural

components of the landuse ( Agriculture, plantation

etc.)

5.4.1 Agricultural land use

The Agricultural land use consists of Cashew/or-

ange/pepper/pineapple, Viruppu (1st Crop)/

Mundakan, Land without scrub, Double Crop/Triple

crop, Agriculture farm, Agriculture farm (Orchads)/and

Mixed trees catagories of land use as demarketed in

the landuse map generatedout of NREDB. The concen-

tration pattern of agricultural land use (Figure-5.15)

shows that agricultural area of the District is mainly con-

centrated in the central, and some of the up land re-

gions of the District. The pattern also reveals that the

concentration pattern of agricultural land use is also

influenced by the location of water bodies.

Fig. 5.15 : The concentration pattern of agricultural land use

77



Fig. 5.16 : The concentration Intex of agricultural land use

The variation of concentration index of Agricul-

tural land use among the LSGs where concentration

index of agricultural land use is greater than 1 is shown

in fig 5.16. The list of LSGs with concentration index of

agricultural land use is given in Annexe 5. The highest

concentration of agricultural land use within the dis-

trict is seen in Grama Panchayats of Kuzhur, Poyya,

Alagappanagar, Arimpur, Mullassery, Chowannoor,

Vallathole Nagar of the district.

Fig 5.17 : Concentration pattern of the Other Built up Land Use

78



5.4.2 Other Built up Land Use

Other built up land use include Commercial, In-

dustrial /Industrial Park and Educational Institutions.

Figure 5.17 shows the distribution of the concentration

pattern of the Other Built up Land Use. From the figure

it is clear that the concentration index of the Other Built

up Land Use in urban LSGs and in those LSGs along the

major transport corridors are higher than that in other

LSGs. Also it is observed that high land area of the dis-

trict has lesser concentration of Other Built up Land Uses

even in LSGs along main transportation corridors indi-

cating that the economic activity of hill areas is not con-

siderably dependent on secondary / tertiary sectors.

The list of LSGs with concentration index of the Other

Built up Land Use is given in Annexe 6 and the list of

LSGs with high concentration of the Other Built up Land

Use (i.e. concentration index of other built up land use

greater than one) is shown in Annexe 6. The variation

of concentration index of Other builtup land use among

the LSGs where concentration index of other builtup

land use is greater than one is shown in Fig 5.18.

Fig 5.18: The variation of concentration pattern of Other builtup land use among LSGS of Thrissur Dist.

5.4.3 Forest Land Use

Forest Land use contains land use categories of

Dense Mixed Forest, Dense Mixed Forest (R.F)/Forest

Blank, Dense mixed forest mainly bamboo, Dense

mixed forest mainly bamboo & teak (R.F), Dense mixed

forest mainly bamboo (R.F), Dense mixed forest mainly

teak or cashew, Bamboo (R.F), Barren Rocky/ Stone

waste/ sheet rock (RF), Open mixed forest/Open mixed

forest (RF), Scrub forest, Degraded grass land (RF),

Dense mixed forest mainly rubber, Under utilized /

degraded notified forest and Dense Grassland/De-

graded grass land.

The concentration pattern of forest land use

shows (Figure 5.19) that forest area of the District is

mainly concentrated in the South - Eastern part of the

District. Total area of active forest land of the district is

927.25 sq km which is about 30.55% of the total area of

the district. The forest land of the district is concen-

trated in 11 LSGs namely Grama Panchayat of Athirapalli,

Kodassery, Mattathur, Varantharapalli, Puthur,

Pananchery, Pazhayannur, Chelakkara, Erumapetty ,

79



Varavoor and Mullurkkara. The forest land is seen in

the high land and upland regions of the district. The

variation of concentration index of Forest Land use

Fig 5.19: Concentration patern of forest land use in LSGs of Thrissur Dist.

among the LSGs is shown in Fig 5.20

The LSGs wise concentration index of Forest land

use is given in Annexe 6.

Fig 5.20: Variation of concentration pattern of forest land use among LSGS

80



Fig 5.22: Variation of concentration index of Residential land use

Fig 5.21: Concentration pattern of Residential land use

5.4.4 Residential Land Use

The concentration pattern of Residential land use

shows (Figure 5.21) that Residential area of the District

is mainly concentrated in the coastal LSGs of the dis-

trict. Orumanayur is characterised with the highest con-

centration index for residential land use (16.66).

The LSGs wise concentration index of Residen-

tial land use and list of LSGs where residential land use

is concentrated are given in Annexe - 6. The variation of

concentration index of Residential land use among the

LSGs where concentration index of Residential land

use is greater than one is shown in Fig 5.22

81



5.4.5 Residential / Agriculture mixed Land use

Resi/Agri mixed land use consists of land use cat-

egories of Arecanut, Banana, Banana & Tapioca, Coco-

nut/coconut & arecanut/cocconut & tapioca, Coconut

dominant mixed crop, Current fallow, Mixed Crop, Rub-

Fig 5.23: Concentration pattern of Res/Agri mixed land use

ber, Mixed and Tapioca as per the land use data of

NREDB. Resi / Agri land use is concentrated in the coastal

areas of the district. The concetration patter of Resi/

Agri land use is shown in Fig. 5. 23. The pattern also

reveals that the concentration of Res/Agr Land use is in

Fig 5.24: Concentration pattern of water body

82



coastal and midland regions of the district.

5.4.6 Water bodies

Water bodies include perennial, Reservoir/Canal,

Reservoir Bed/River bed/River island, Water Bodies,

and Back waters. The land use is concentrated among

the major river basis which are Chalakkudy Puzha,

Karuvannur puzha, Kanjira puzha and small portions of

Bharatha puzha and Periyar.

Fig. 5.24 shows concentration index based on

Fig 5.25: Distribution of concentration - Index of Plantation land use

Fig 5.26: Distribution of concentration - Index of Kole land use

83



extend of land under water bodies in LSGs of Thrissur.

5.4.7 Plantations

This category of Land use include land use cat-

egories of Rubber (R.F), Tea/Cofee/cardomom/

Eucalptus, Tea & Eucalyptus, Tea (R.F)/Cofee (RF)/

Fig 5.27: Concentration pattern of Other land use

Cardomom(RF), Teak, Teak & Softwood (R.F), Teak (R.F)/

Cashew (RF), Eucalyptus (R.F)/ Eucalptus and soft wood

(RF)/Sof wood (silver oak), Oil Palm and Oil Palm (R.F)

as per land use data of NREDB.

Plantations are spreaded in most of the north

east / south east areas of the district. The concetration

Table 5.5: Break up of Agricultural land use, Thrissur District, 2008

1 Coconut Dominant Mixed Crop 751.45 38.55

2 Mixed Crop 484.27 24.84

3 Paddy 333.49 17.11

4 Rubber 208.51 10.70

5 Coconut 65.8 3.38

6 Perennial 54.37 2.79

7 Current Fallow 29.61 1.52

8 Land without scrub 9.23 0.47

9 Banana 1.97 0.10

10 Mixed trees 0.99 0.05

11 Plantation 9.31 0.48

12 Coffee 0.2 0.01

13 Arecanut 0.02 0.00

14 Banana Tapioca 0.09 0.00

Total 1949.31 100.00

Sl.No. Type Area (sqkm) %

Source: Census 2001

84



pattern of Plantations is shown in Fig.5.25..

5.4.8 Marshy Land / Kole Land

Land parcels which are categorised as Temporarily

marshy land / Marshy land/Permanently marshy land is

per NREDB is included under Marshy land / Kole land.

Distribution of concentration - Index of Kole land use

is shown in Figure 5.26

5.4.9 Other Land Use

Following land use of NREDB are grouped to

form the category Other Land use - Barren Rocky/ Stone

waste/ sheet rock, Coastal Sand, Sands/ riverine/Flood

plain, Beaches, Harbour / Port, Mining / Industrial waste

land, Airport, Playground, Dam wall, Mining. Other Land

uses are spreaded near by coastal areas and in the North

and Western region of the district. The concetration

pattern of Other land use is shown in Fig. 5.27.

Source: Census 2001

Fig 5.28 Break up of agricultural land use Thrissur Dist.

5.5 ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

The agricultural land use is analyzed further for

all crops within the district. The total agricultural area

of the district is 1949.31sq km. The breakup of the agri-

cultural land use of Thrissur District is shown in Table

5.5 and Figure 5.28. Dry Agriculture contribute an area

of 1616 sqkms and wet agriculture contribute an area of

333.5 sqkms. The LSG wise break up of the agricultural

land use is shown in Figure 5.29.

From the above analysis it is found that major

contributor among various crops in Thrissur District is

coconut (42%), followed by mixed crops (25%), paddy

(17%) and rubber (10%). Other crops contribute only

5.5%. So the agricultural land use is analyzed further

considering these four main crops (Coconut, Mixed

Crops, Paddy and Rubber). The breakup of the agricul-

tural land use of Thrissur District considering these main

crops is shown in Table 5.6 , Figure 5.30 and Figure 5.31

85



Fig 5.29 : LSG wise break up of agricultural land use

Table 5.6 : Break up of Agricultural land use, Thrissur District, 2008

Major Land use Sub Land use Area SqKm. % Total% Coconut Coconut Dominant Mixed Crop 751.45 38.55 42.00

Coconut 65.8 3.38

Mixed Crop Mixed Crop 484.27 24.84 24.84

Paddy Paddy 333.49 17.11 17.11

Rubber Rubber 208.51 10.7 10.7

Others Perennial 54.37 2.79 5.42

Current Fallow 29.61 1.52

Land without scrub 9.23 0.47

Banana 1.97 0.10

Mixed trees 0.99 0.05

Plantation 9.31 0.48

Coffee 0.2 0.01

Arecanut 0.02 0.00

Banana Tapioca 0.09 0.00

Total 1949.31 100.00 100.00

Source: Census 2001

86



5%

Fig 5. 30: Break up of agricultural land use in to five classes

Fig 5.31 : Spatial patterm of agricultural land use

Paddy Rubber Mixed Crop Others Coconut

87



5.5.1 Concentration Pattern of Agriculture landuse

The concentration pattern of Agricultural land use

gives an idea about where that particular Agriculture is

concentrated. For major agriculture viz: Coconut, Mixed

crop, Paddy and rubber - that dominant in Thrissur dis-

trict are analyzed here.

5.5.1.1 Concentration Pattern of Coconut land use

Figure 5.32 shows the distribution of the concen-

tration index of the coconut land use. From the figure it

is clear that the high concentration of coconut land use

Fig 5.32 : Distribution of concentration - Index of Coconut

lying along Coastal belt, so we can say beach sand is

very supporting to enrichment of coconut and coconut

dominant mixed crops. Second highest concentration

of coconut is also lying neighboring LSGs of coastal belt.

High and up land have concentration index less than

one indicating poor land cover of coconut.

5.5.1.2 Mixed crop


tration index of the mixed crop land use. From the fig-

ure it is clear that the high concentration of mixed crop

is found in LSGs located nearby main transportation

corridors of the district.

Considering the unique scattered or dispersed

settlement pattern prevailing in Kerala the LSGs located

near by the major transportation corridors usually have

small land holdings together with built up land use

which lead to mixed crop cultivation instead special-

ized single crop cultivation. In other words the urban

and semi urban areas support mixed crop cultivation.

Highland areas have less concentration of Mixed crops.

88



Fig 5.33: Distribution of concentration - Index of Mixed Crop

Fig 5.34: Concentration pattern of Paddy lands

89



5.5.1.3 Paddy


tration index of the Paddy land use. Highest concentra-

tion index of the paddy area is found in LSGs in mid and

up land areas. It may be due to good drainage catch-

ment area that support paddy cultivation. Coastal and

upland areas have very poor concentration of paddy

lands.

5.5.1.4 Rubber

Figure 5.35 shows the distribution of the con-

centration index of the Rubber land use. North – East-

Fig 5.35: Concentration pattern of Rubber

Fig 5.36: Concentration Pattern of Agriculture

90



ern parts of the district have the highest concentration

of Rubber land use. Most of the LSGs on highland re-

gions are showing a clear dominance to Rubber. As pro-

ceeding from highland area to low land area of the dis-

trict value of concentration index of rubber is descend-

ing. Coastal areas have very little concentration of Rub-

ber.

5.6 MAJOR AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES

In the above paragraphs, the areas of concentra-

tion of the major agriculture land uses in the District is

delineated taking land put to crops viz coconut, mixed

crop, paddy and rubber. By combining the concentra-

tion pattern of major agricultural land uses spatially and

by analyzing the resulting pattern, areas of major agri-

cultural (based on the existing land use) activity can be

delineated.

The area of specialization of each LSG of the dis-

trict against agriculture land use is given in Annexe 7.

Figure 5.36. shows the concentration pattern of all the

four major agriculture land uses together. From the fig-

ure, the areas of Specialization can be delineated. From

the figure it is found that only two Grama Panchayats

(Athirapalli and Puthoor) do not exhibit any

specialisation in agriculture activities. It may be due

the forest land cover of that LSGs.

5.6.1 Major agriculture activities including Plan-tation

From the analysis of major agricultural activities

it is found that two Grama Panchayats (Athirapalli and

Puthoor) do not exhibit any agriculture activities, but

as per real to ground scenario these areas are active in

primary sector activities. Hence the analysis is further

extended including ‘others category’ especially for

Plantation.


tration index of the Plantation land use. Highest con-

centration of plantation is Thrikkur area. Athirapalli,

Varantharapalli, Thiruvilwamala and Pazhayaanoor are

also showing clear dominant of Plantations. So it is clear

that Athirapalli have a clear land cover for plantations.

Figure 5.38 shows the concentration of all the

four major agriculture land uses together with planta-

tion . From the figure, the areas of Specialization, based

on the agricultural land use analysis, can be delineated.

Fig 5.37: Concentration Pattern of Plantations

91



Fig 5.38: Concentration Pattern of Agriculture Including Plantations

land use Catagories groupedMajor Land use

Non Agriculture (Urbanland use)

Other builtup + Others+Residential ( Plot size <50Scents

Agriculture Agri + Resi /Agri+Residential (Plot size >50 Scents

Forest All components of Forestland use

Plantation All components of Plantationland use

Table 5.7: Grouping of land use classifications

SlNo.

1

2

3

4

92



The area of specialization of each LSGs of the district

against agriculture including plantation land use is given

in Annexe 7. From the figure and table it is found that

Athirapalli Grama Panchayat dominance of Plantation.

Still Puthoor show no dominance to any agricultural ac-

tivities.

Fig 5.39 a: The concentration pattern of Non- Agricultural land use

Fig 5.39b: The concentration pattern of Agricultural land use

93



5.7 ACTIVITY ZONES BASED LAND USE CONCENTRA-TION PATTERN

In the previous sections, the areas of concentra-

tion of the major land uses in the District is delineated

Fig 5.39c: The concentration pattern of Forest land use

taking each land uses separately. By combining the con-

centration pattern of the major land uses spatially and

by analyzing the resulting pattern, activity pattern of

LSGs (based on the existing land use) can be evolved.

Fig 5.39d: The concentration pattern of Plantations

94



In order to evolve the activity pattern the nine

categories of land uses are grouped into 4 categories

which are Non agricultural, Agricultural, Forest and Plan-

tation as given in Table 5.7.

The concentration index of these major land use

catogories is shown in Annexe - 7. The concentration

patterns are shown in Fig. 5.39a, 5.39b, 5.39c, 5.39d re-

spectively. Based on the pattern, the activity of the LSGs

is evolved as per the criteria shown in Table. 5.8

Activity based on land use evolved based on the

above criteria for each LSG is shown in

Annexe - 8. The activity pattern based on the land use

is shown in Figure. 40.

SI No Activity based onLand use Criteria

1. Urban CI* Urban > CI Agri / CI Plantation / CI Forest

2. Agricultural CI* Agri > CI Urban /CI Plantation

3. Plantation CI* Plantation > CI Forest /CI Urban / CI Agri

4. Forest` CI Forest > CI Plantation /CI Urban / CI Agri

Table 5.8: Criteria for determination of activity based on Land use

* CI - Concentration index of

Fig 5.40 Land use concentration pattern of LSGS

Urban

95



The analysis of land use concentration pattern

shows that most of the plantation / forest activities are

concentrated on the highland region of the district. The

urban activity is found to be mainly concentrated in

coastal regions and along the major transportation cor-

ridors. The agricultural activities are predominantly con-

centrated in the midland region of the district.

5.8 INFERENCE

From the above details we can conclude that the

whole District can be divided into four Activity zones

namely Agricultural, Non-Agricultural/Urban, Planta-

tion, Plantation/Forest. The analysis of land use con-

centration pattern shows that most of the plantation /

forest activities are concentrated on the highland re-

gion of the district. The urban activity is found to be

mainly concentrated in coastal regions and along the

major transportation corridors. The agricultural activi-

ties are predominantly concentrated in the midland

region of the district.

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur FUNCTIONAL CHARACTER OF SETTLEMENTS


The function of a settlement is the major activity

within the settlement, be it primary sector activities

(rural), secondary sector / tertiary sector activities (ur-

ban activities) or the combination of above. But here

an attempt is made to determine the major function of

a settlement by studying the major land use and the

average plot size within the settlement.

6. 1 CHARACTER OF SETTLEMENTS

With the unique settlement pattern existing in

Kerala, the function of a settlement cannot be limited

to the usual classification of urban or rural. There are

settlements exhibiting a combination of the two char-

Chapter – 6FUNCTIONAL CHARACTER OF SETTLEMENTS

Fig 6.1 : Functional classification of settlements

acters which needs to be explored. Analysis based on

land use and average plot size (Methodology already

explained in IDDP Kollam report) shows that there ex-

ists semi urban and semi rural character in settlements

in addition to the urban and rural character. An area can

be classified as Semi Urban, if there exists (or it is likely

to introduce) both urban and rural activities with pre-

dominance to urban activities. If the predominant ac-

tivity is rural, in area both urban and rural activities co-

exist, it is classified as a semi rural area.

The functions of all the settlements of the Dis-

trict derived based on the methodology are shown in

Figure 6.1 and Table 6.1.

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FUNCTIONAL CHARACTER OF SETTLEMENT District Spatial Plan - Thrissur


Table 6.1: Functional Character of LSGs

1 Adat RURAL

2 Alagappanagar SEMI RURAL

3 Alur RURAL

4 Annamanada RURAL

5 Anthikkad RURAL

6 Arimpur SEMI RURAL

7 Athirappilly RURAL

8 Avanur RURAL

9 Avinissery URBAN

10 Chalakkudy Municipal Council RURAL

11 Chavakkad Municipal Council URBAN

12 Chazhur RURAL

13 Chelakkara RURAL

14 Cherpu SEMI RURAL

15 Choondal RURAL

16 Chowannur RURAL

17 Desamangalam RURAL

18 Edavilangu URBAN

19 Elavally SEMI

URBAN

20 Engandiyur RURAL

21 Eriyad URBAN

22 Erumapetty RURAL

23 Esdathiruthy RURAL

24 Guruvayur Municipal Council URBAN

25 Irinjalakkuda Municipal Council URBAN

26 Kadangode RURAL

27 Kadapuram URBAN

28 Kadavallur RURAL

29 Kadukkutty RURAL

30 Kaipamangalam URBAN

31 Kaiparamba RURAL

32 Kandanissery RURAL

33 Karalam RURAL

34 Kattakampal SEMI

RURAL

35 Kattur RURAL

36 Kodakara RURAL

37 Kodassery RURAL

38 Kodungallur Municipal council URBAN

39 Kolazhy SEMI

RURAL

40 Kondhazhi RURAL

41 Koratty RURAL

42 Kunnamkulam Municipal Council URBAN

43 Kuzhur RURAL

44 Madakkathara RURAL

45 Mala RURAL

46 Manalur SEMI

RURAL

47 Mathilakam URBAN

48 Mattathur RURAL

49 Melur RURAL

50 Methala URBAN

51 Mulamkkunnathukkavu RURAL

52 Mullassery RURAL

53 Mullurkkara RURAL

54 Mundathikode RURAL

55 Muriyad RURAL

56 Nadathara RURAL

57 Nattika URBAN

58 Nenmanikkara RURAL

59 Orumanayur RURAL

60 Padiyur RURAL

61 Pananchery RURAL

62 Panjal RURAL

63 Paralam RURAL

64 Parappukkara RURAL

65 Pariyaram RURAL

66 Pavaratty URBAN

67 Pazhayannur RURAL

68 Perinjanam URBAN

SI No Name of LSG Character SI No Name of LSG Character

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur FUNCTIONAL CHARACTER OF SETTLEMENT


69 Pookode URBAN

70 Poomangalam RURAL

71 Porathissery SEMI

RURAL

72 Porkulam RURAL

73 Poyya SEMI

RURAL

74 Pudukkad RURAL

75 Punnayur SEMI

RURAL

76 Punnayurkulam RURAL

77 Puthenchira RURAL

78 Puthur RURAL

79 Sreenarayanapuram RURAL

80 Thaikkad RURAL

81 Thalikulam URBAN

82 Thanniyam RURAL

83 Thekkumkkara RURAL

84 Thiruvilwamala RURAL

85 Tholur RURAL

86 Thrikkur RURAL

87 Thrissur Municipal Corporation URBAN

88 Vadakkekad RURAL

89 Vadanappilly URBAN

90 Valappad URBAN

91 Vallachira SEMI URBAN

92 Vallatholenagar SEMI URBAN

93 Varandarappilly RURAL

94 Varavoor RURAL

95 Vellangallur RURAL

96 Velukkara RURAL

97 Velur RURAL

98 Venkitangu RURAL

99 Wadakkanchery RURAL

6. 2. INFERENCE

The spatial distribution of the settlements based

on its character shows a clear demarcation in the pat-

tern of the settlements in four categories. Thrissur

Municipal Corporation and Municipal Councils except

Chalakkudy shows the urban character. Some of coastal

LSGs also show urban character. Semi urban character is

exhibited by LSGs that have urban influence like

Vallathole Nagar (located near to Shornur Municipality

in Palakkad District) , Elavally and Vallachira. Most of

the LSGs in the midland and high land region of the

District exhibit rural character. Semi rural character is

seen in those LSGs which are in a transition zone be-

tween LSGs of urban and rural character.

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS


In this chapter the existing hierarchy of settle-

ments based on the number and order of facilities is

assessed and the suggested hierarchy of settlements is

identified mainly based on their locational importance

7.1 EXISTING HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS

Hierarchy value of a settlement is an indication

on the extent of concentration of facilities in a region.

The spatial distribution of settlement with different

hierarchies and its probe in to matching or mismatch-

ing with population distribution is issue need to be ad-

dressed in any strategic planing.

Cumulative Functional Index (CFI) method is used

to find out the hierarchy of settlement. The CFI of a

settlement is assessed based on the number and hier-

Chapter –7HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS

archy of the following types of facilities in the settle-

ment.

1. Educational facilities

2. Health Facilities

3. Markets

4. Physical infrastructure facilities

5. Transportation facilities

The weightage of each of these facilities in the

District and CFI index calculated based on this is given

in the Annexe- 9 A & 9 B

CFI value is plotted against the number of settle-

ments to find out the hierarchy of settlements in the

District. The graph, so obtained is shown in Fig. 7.1.

Fig 7.1: CFI Vs No of settlements

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HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENT District Spatial Plan - Thrissur


While plotting the graph Thrissur Municipal Corpora-

tion is not taken in to account because of its very high

CFI, which will make the graph difficult for assessing

the hierarchy of the lower order settlements. Thrissur

Municipal Corporation is designated as the first order

settlement of the District. Hence, in the graph, second

order and other lower order settlements are identi-

fied.

Graph reveals that there are 3 second order settle-

ments, 14 third order settlements, and 81 fourth order

settlements in the District.

When Thrissur Municipal Corporation is taken as

the first order settlement, the settlements of the dis-

trict can be classified in to four orders as follows.

I order settlement

Thrissur Municipal Corporation

II order settlement

Kunnamkulam Municipal Council

Irinjalakuda Municipal Council

Chalakkudy Municipal Council

III order settlement

14 LSGs as listed in Annexe -10

IV order settlement

81 LSGs as listed in See Annexe -10

The spatial distribution of the settlement of dif-

ferent hierarchies is shown in Fig 7.2. The national high-

way (NH-47) and state highway (SH-069 & SH-22a) are

passing through Thrissur Municipal Corporation (first

order settlement). All 2nd and 3rd order settlements

except Grama Panchayats of Chelakkara, Pavaratty,

Eriyad, Edavilangu, Pazhayannur are situated along to

either National highway or State high way.

Fig 7.2 : Spatial Distribution of settlements of different hierarchies

102

District Spatial Plan - Thrissur HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENT


7.2 SUGGESTED HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS –METHODOLOGY ADOPTED

The methodology adopted to identify the pro-

posed hierarchy is explained here.

The concept as per the Crystallor’s Central place

theory in identifying the proposed hierarchy of the

settlements is that spatial distribution of settlements

of various hierarchies should be centrally located (as

far as possible) with respect to the service area or ser-

vice population to be served. Theoretically speaking,

there will be one first order settlement serving the

entire region (District).The service area of a settlement

is hexagonal in shape as per the Crystallor’s theory. But

practically in case of Thrissur District the service area of

the first order settlement (Thrissur Municipal Corpora-

tion being the only one) is taken as the entire district.

This limits the task to identification of the second or-

der settlements applying Crystallor’s Central Place

theory.

The Crystallor’s Central Place theory stipulates

that the lower order settlements are placed at the ver-

tices of the hexagonal shaped service area of the higher

order settlement. But here the service area of the first

order settlement is the entire district and hence it is

assumed that there are at least four second order

settlements one from each of the sub regions (North-

East division, North-West division, South-West division

and South-East division) of the district. The service area

of the second order settlements is delineated by draw-

ing the perpendicular bisectors to the straight line con-

necting the second order settlements. This area may

form a hexagon or part of hexagon in shape. The verti-

ces of the hexagon determine the location of the next

lower settlements i.e. the third order settlement. The

Fig 7.3: Existing 1st and 2nd order settlements of Thrissur Dist.


103



service area of the third order settlement can be delin-

eated as hexagonal in shape. The remaining settle-

ments of the District are assumed to be having the low-

est order, i.e. the fourth order.

7.3 SUGGESTED HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS –PROCEDURE ADOPTED

IDENTIFICATION OF SECOND ORDER SETTLEMENTS

While assessing the proposed hierarchy of settle-

ments of the District after 20 years (based on the

method explained earlier), the existing hierarchy of the

settlements, especially of those settlements with

higher order, cannot be shuffled altogether. The exist-

ing hierarchy of the settlements in Thrissur District show

that, the settlements here falls under four hierarchies

viz. Ist order settlement, IInd Order settlements, IIIrd or-

der settlements, IVth Order settlements. Those settle-

ments in the first two orders as per the existing hierar-

chy of settlements are taken while identifying the pro-

posed hierarchy of settlements. This means that in the

proposal also the first order settlement is invariably

taken as Thrissur Municipal Corporation and

Kunnamkulam Municipal Council, Irinjalakuda Munici-

pal Council, Chalakudy Municipal Council, are taken as

within the II order settlements.

The first order settlement and the second order

settlements are marked in the District map and it is

shown in the fig 7.3

From the figure it is clear that there are no sec-

ond order settlements in the South East and North East

divisions of the region. Second order settlement are

identified from the South East and North East division

based on the following criteria

1. Administrative status of the settlements

2. Centrality

3. Connectivity

Fig 7.4: Projected 2nd order settlements

104



4. Existing hierarchy

(The methodology to assess the relative values

of centrality and connectivity is given in

Annexe -11 & 12).

The settlement with maximum preferred values

based on the above criteria in each of the divisions is

taken as the second order settlement from the division

(See Annexe -14). Accordingly Mattathur from the S-E

division and Chelakkara from the N-E division are iden-

tified as the second order settlements.

Hence the suggested second order settlements are

1. Kunnamkulam Municipal Council (Existing

second order settlement)

2. Irinjalakuda Municipal Council (Existing sec-

ond order settlement)

3. Chalakudy Municipal Council (Existing second

order settlement)

Fig 7.5: Service area of 2nd order settlements

4. Chelakkara Grama Panchayat (Existing third

order settlement)

5. Mattathur Grama Panchayat (Existing fourth

order settlement)

The spatial distribution of the second order

settlements is given in fig 7.4

In order to identify the service area of each of

the second order settlements, perpendicular bisectors

are drawn to the line joining nearest second order

settlements and the polygon formed with the second

order settlement as centre is taken as the service area

of the second order settlement under consideration

(see fig 7.5).

Usually a higher order settlement fulfils the sec-

ond order needs of the surrounding settlements. That

is, the first order settlements usually function as sec-

ond order settlement also. And hence, though the ser-

u

105



Fig 7.6: Service area (service settlements) of 2nd order settlements (adjusted)

vice area of the second order settlements are delin-

eated as described above, this has to be readjusted tak-

ing in to account the service area of the first order settle-

ment when it function as a second order settlements.

The lines joining the first order settlement with the

second order settlements (Kunnamkulam Municipal

Council, Irinjalakuda Municipal Council, Chalakudy

Municipal Council, Chelakkara, Mattathur) are bisected

and the bisector is extended to meet the service area

polygon of the corresponding settlement.

The adjusted service area (service settlements)

of the second order settlements is shown in fig 7.6. The

service settlements of various second order settlements

and the population served is given in Annexe 15.

IDENTIFICATION OF THIRD ORDER SETTLEMENTS

The third order settlements will be those settle-

ments coinciding with the vertices of the hexagonal

service area of the second order settlements. The

settlements falling in the vertices of the polygon are

Grama Panchayats of Mullassery, Chazur, Pudukkad,

Trikkur, Wadakkanchery and Pananchery. These settle-

ments can invariably be taken as the third order settle-

ments.

Pudukkad and Trikkur are closely placed LSGs and

hence instead of these two settlements,

Alagappanagar in between these two is taken as the

third order settlement. The existing third order settle-

ments and the proposed third order settlement

(Alagappanagar) are shown in fig 7.7.

The existing third order settlement is adjusted

based on the following criteria

Centrality

Connectivity

Existing hierarchy

Based on these criteria Venkitangu is considered

instead of Mullasserry, Valappad is considerd instead

of Chazur as 3rd order settlements.

Theoretically the service area of each of these

106



Fig 7.7: Proposed 3rd order settlements

third order settlements will be uniform and hexagonal

in shape. Five hexagons of equal shape with the third

order settlement as center are fixed. As per Crystallor’s

theory the higher order settlements will function as

the lower order settlements as well. And hence the

service area of each higher order (settlements of first

order and second), when it functions as the third order

settlement also are taken into account. The third order

settlements (both adjusted and proposed) and their

service areas delineated are shown in fig 7.8.

From figure 7.8, it is clear that certain areas near

to Kunnamkulam, Chavakkad and Irinjalakkuda are un-

served by any of the third order settlements necessi-

tating the identification of new third order settlements

in there. Based on the following criteria Guruvayur

Municipal council and Kodungallur Municipal council

are therefore identified third order settlements.

Centrality Connectivity Existing hierarchy

Hence Alagappanagar, Guruvayoor municipal

council and Kodungallur Municipal council are the three

suggested third order settlements.

The third order settlements are

1. Venkitangu Grama Panchayat (Existing FourthOrder Settlement)

2. Valappad Grama Panchayat (Existing Third OrderSettlement)

3. Kodungallur Muncipal Council (Existing Third Or-der Settlement)

4. Guruvayur Muncipal Council (Existing Third Or-der Settlement)

5. Wadakkanchery Grama Panchayat (Existing ThirdOrder Settlement)

6. Alagappanagar Grama Panchayat (Existing FourthOrder Settlement).

7. Pananchery Grama Panchayat (Existing Fourth

Order Settlement)

The spatial distribution of the third order settle-

ments and the adjusted service area are shown below

(Fig 7.9).

107



Fig 7.9: Service Area of 3rd order settlements adjusted

Fig 7.8: Service Area 3rd order settlements

108



In order to identify the service settlements, the

polygons so formed are adjusted for the administra-

tive boundary of the settlements close to the poly-

gon. The service settlements of the third order settle-

Fig 7.10: Service Area (service settlements) of 3rd order centres

ments are shown in fig 7.10. and listed in Annexe 16.

The suggested hierarchies of settlements are shown in

Table 7.1 and in Figure 7.11.

Fig 7.11: Suggested hierarchy of settlements

109



Table 7.1: Suggested hierarchy of settlements

Order of the settlement Sl.No Name of the LSGs

I 1 Thrissur Municipal Corporation

II 1 Chalakkudy Municipal Council



4 Chelakkara

5 Mattathur

III 1 Kodungallur Municipal Council


3 Alagappanagar

4 Pananchery

5 Venkitangu

6 Valappad

7 Wadakkanchery

IV 1 Adat

2 Alur

3 Annamanada4 Anthikkad5 Arimpur6 Athirappilly7 Avanur8 Avinissery9 Chavakkad Municipal Council10 Chazhur11 Cherpu12 Choondal13 Chowannur14 Desamangalam15 Edavilangu16 Elavally17 Engandiyur18 Eriyad19 Erumapetty20 Esdathiruthy21 Kadangode22 Kadapuram23 Kadavallur24 Kadukkutty

110



25 Kaipamangalam26 Kaiparamba27 Kandanissery28 Karalam29 Kattakampal30 Kattur31 Kodakara32 Kodassery33 Kolazhy34 Kondhazhi35 Koratty36 Kuzhur37 Madakkathara38 Mala39 Manalur40 Mathilakam41 Melur42 Methala43 Mulamkkunnathukkavu44 Mullassery45 Mullurkkara46 Mundathikode47 Muriyad48 Nadathara49 Nattika50 Nenmanikkara51 Orumanayur52 Padiyur53 Panjal54 Paralam55 Parappukkara56 Pariyaram57 Pavaratty58 Pazhayannur59 Perinjanam60 Pookode61 Poomangalam62 Porathissery63 Porkulam64 Poyya65 Pudukkad66 Punnayur67 Punnayurkulam68 Puthenchira69 Puthur70 Sreenarayanapuram71 Thaikkad

111



72 Thalikulam73 Thanniyam74 Thekkumkkara75 Thiruvilwamala76 Tholur77 Thrikkur78 Vadakkekkad79 Vadanappilly80 Vallachira81 Vallatholenagar82 Varandarappilly83 Varavoor84 Vellangallur85 Velukkara86 Velur

7.4 INFERENCE

As per the suggested hierarchy of settlements,

there is one first order settlement, 5 second order

settlements and 7 third order settlements in the Dis-

trict. The character wise analysis of these higher order

settlement show that, the first order settlement,

Thrissur Municipal Corporation is urban in nature. Of

the five second order settlements, Irinjalakkuda Mu-

nicipal council, Chalakkudy Municipal council,

Kunnamkkulam Municipal council are the existing ur-

ban area.

Since Chelakkara which is an existing special

grade Grama Panchayath of rural character, is proposed

as second order settlement. This settlement is also pro-

posed to attain the status of Nagar Panchayt by 2011

and to attain the status of Municipal Council by 2021.

112

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur URBAN PROFILE


In this chapter the trend of urbanization of

Thrissur District is assessed and is compared with the

level of Urbanization of the State so as to ascertain the

position of the District in the State scenario.

8.1 TREND OF URBANIZATION – KERALA

At the turn of the 21st century, Kerala had a popu-

lation of 63.96 lakhs, of which 59.42 lakhs were in its

rural areas as per Census 2001. This constituted 92.89%

of the total population of the state. At the end of the

Table 8.1: Population (2001) of Kerala at a glance

Person Males Females Growth rate

Total 31838619 15468664 16369955 9.42Rural 23571484 11450785 12120699 10.05Urban 8267135 4017879 4249256 7.64

2001

Source: Census of India - 2001

Chapter – 8URBAN PROFILE

20th century the total population in Kerala has in-

creased to 3.18 crores (31838619) of which rural popu-

lation is 2.35 crores. This means that the rural popula-

tion constitutes about 74% of the total population in

Table 8.2: Trends of population growth of Kerala - 1981-2001

1981 25453680 19.24% 37.64%1991 29098518 14.32% 60.97%2001 31838619 9.42% 7.64%

Year Total population Growth rate of Growth rate in urbantotal population population


2001. The population figures of the State as per census

2001 are shown in the Table 8.1.

There is an increase of about 400% in the total

population of Kerala within a century. During this pe-

riod rural population has increased by 300 %. Rural

population content in Kerala has declined from 92.89%

to 74% of the total population within a century. This is

an indication on the trend of urbanization in Kerala that

has happened in a century.

The population figures of the immediate past, ie

last three decades are analyzed here (see table 8.2).

There is a steady decline in the population growth

rate over the last three decades. Population growth rate

113

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URBAN PROFILE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur


was 19.24% in 1981 and it reduced to 9.42% in 2001.

During the period 1981-91 population of 36.45 lakhs

were added to the previous decades population,

whereas during the period 1991-2001, population of

only 27.4 lakhs were added within. The growth rate of

urban population of Kerala over the last three de-

cades shows that it is in a transition phase. Over the

last two decades (1971-81 and 1981-91) growth rate in

urban population was on the rise, 37.64% in 1981 and

60.97% in 1991. (see table 8.3).

Table 8.3: Trends in urbanization of Kerala - 1981-2001

Percentage of Growth rate of Growth rate inYear Total Urban urban total urban

Polpulation Population Population Population Population

1981 25453680 4771275 18.74 19.24 37.64

1991 29098518 7680294 26.39 14.32 60.97

2001 31838619 8267135 25.97 9.42 7.64


But the urban population growth rate has drasti-

cally declined to 7.64% in 2001 with a decrease of 87.5

% over the preceding decadal urban population growth

rate. At the same time the growth rate in total popula-

tion has decreased from 14.32 % to 9.42% only with a

decrease rate of 34.2%. This indicates that over the last

three decades there is spread effect of population into

the rural area. This is an indication to the planners to

take the planning of rural areas seriously than before

and subsequently address the reasons for the spread

Fig 8.1: Urban area of Thrissur District

114



Table 8.4: Census Towns & Out growth in Thrissur District - 2001

Sl.No Name of Census Town Name of Grama Panchayat/ Wards numbers

Muncipal council

1 Akathiyyoor(C.T) Porkulam Ward No.4,5,6,72 Perakam(C.T) Pookode Ward No.8,9,10,11,12,133 Iringaprom(C.T) Pookode Ward No.3,4,5,6,7,84 Thaikkad(C.T) Thaikkad Ward No.2,3,4,5,6,75 Paluvai(C.T) Pavaratty Ward No.1,2,7,8,9,106 Pavaratty(C.T) Pavaratty Ward No.1,2,3,4,7,8,9,107 Brahmakulam(C.T) Elavally Ward No.1,2,9,10,11,128 Venmanad(C.T) Pavaratty Ward No. 4,5,6,7,8,9,10, \11, 129 Kolazhy(C.T) Kolazhy Ward No. 4,5,6,7,810 Pottore(C.T) Kolazhy Ward No. 2,3,4,8,12,1311 Puranattukkara(C.T) Adat Ward No. 7,8,9,12,1312 Nadathara(C.T) Nadathara Ward No. 1,3,8,9,10,1113 Marathakkara(C.T) Puthur Ward No. 12,13,14,15,16, 17,1914 Avinissery(C.T) Avinissery Ward No.3,4,5,6,7,1015 Palissery(C.T) Avinissery Ward No.1,2,8,916 Chevvoor(C.T) Cherpu Ward No.1,2,3,4,5,10, 11, 1317 Vallachira(C.T) Vallachira Ward No.1,2,3,4,8,9,1018 Methala(C.T) Methala Ward No.1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,

9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,1719 Nenmanikkara(C.T) Nenmanikkara Ward No. 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, 1120 Pudukkad(C.T) Pudukkad Ward No. 1,2,3,8,9,10,1121 Koratty(C.T) Koratty Ward No. 1,2,3,4,5,12,

13,14,15,16

22 Pookode(O.G) Guruvayur Ward No.21

23 Eriyad(O.G) Kodungallur Ward No.25

effect of population to rural areas.

8.2 CENSUS URBAN AREAS IN THRISSUR DISTRICT

As per the 2001 census, the population of Thrissur

District is 2,974,232 which constitute about 9.34 % of

the total population of the State. Of the total popula-

tion of the district, 839433 is urban population. That is

28.2 % of the total population of the District is in the

urban areas of the District. There are thirty urban areas

viz, Thrissur Municipal Corporation, Kunnamkulam

Municipal Council, Chavakkad Municipal Council,

Guruvayoor Municipal Council, Kodungallur Municipal

Council, Irinjalakuda Municipal Council, Chalakudy

Municipal Council, Akathiyoor Census Town, Perakam

Census Town, Iringapurom Census Town, Thaikkad Cen-

sus Town, Paluvai Census Town, Pavaratty Census Town,

Brahmakulam Census Town, Venmanad Census Town,

Kolazhy Census Town, Pottore Census Town,

Puranattukara Census Town, Nadathara Census Town,

Marathakkara Census Town, Avinissery Census Town,

Palissery Census Town, Chevvoor Census Town,

Vallachira Census Town, Methala Census Town,

Nenmenikkara Census Town, Puthukkad Census Town,

Koratty Census Town, Pookode Out Growth, and Eriyad

Out Growth, in the District as per 2001 census. The de-

tails are shown in figure 8.1 The details of census towns

is shown in table 8.4.


115



8.3 URBAN POPULATION CONTENT (EXISTING)

The process of urbanization of an area can be as-

sessed in relation to its urban population content. The

urban population content of Kerala state is 26%,

whereas that of the District is 28.2%, which clearly points

out the fact that the process of urbanization in Thrissur

district is slightly more than that of average state fig-

ure. On comparing the urban content of all the 14 Dis-

trict of the State, it can be seen that Thrissur District is

positioned in the 6th rank.

There is a steep increase (From 11.74% to 21.1%)

in the urban content of the total population for a pe-

riod from 1971 to 1981. The urban area of the district

during this period (1971-1981) shows an increase of

131.87 sq km. The sudden surge in the urban popula-

tion during this period correspond to this increase in

area. A slight increase in the urban population and ur-

ban area is noted during the period from 1991 to 2001.

(Table 8.5).

The increase in urban areas of the District as indi-

cated in the corresponding years census figures, is

showed the fig 8.2. In 1971 the extent of urban area in

Thrissur District was 83.43 sq km, which has increased

to 301.2 sq km in 1991. The increase of urban area of the

district was not uniform from 1971 to 2001, but the in-

crease was high during the period from 1971 to 1981

and from 1981 to 1991. There is only slight increase of

urban area during the last decade, i.e. during the pe-

riod 1991 –2001.

Table 8.5: Thrissur District - variation in urban content 1991-2001

Year Total Population Urban Population Percent of urban Urban area inPopulation Sq. km

1971 2,128,877 249,845 11.74 83.43

1981 2,439,633 514,783 21.1 215.3

1991 2,737,311 720,216 26.31 301.2

2001 2,974,232 839,433 28.2 345.85


It can be summarized that urban population has

increased by 236 % against an increment of 315% in the

extent of urban area. Urban population and urban area

of the district increased during 1971-2001 period. But

the increase in population is less than the increase in

the urban area. This indicates that there is a chance of

migration of further densification of the urban areas of

Thrissur.

8.4 GROWTH RATE OF URBAN POPULATION

The graph (see fig 8.3) shows the decadal varia-

tion in the urban population of Thrissur District from

1971 to 2001. The total urban population of the District

has increased from 249845 to 839433 in a period of four

decades. The variation during this period was not uni-

form. A steady increase in the urban population is ob-

served from 1971 to 1991, but during the period from

1991 to 2001 there is comparatively less increase in the

urban population.

The graph (see fig 8.4) shown below depicts the

growth rate of urban population against the growth rate

of population over the last two decades in the District.

When the population growth rate of the District has

declined from 12.21 to 8.66, the urban population

growth rate has declined from 39.9 to 16.55 during the

same time period (1981 to 2001), indicating a possibil-

ity of considerable reduction in the migration of popu-

lation to the urban areas of the District. The growth

rate of urban population is more than the growth rate

116



Fig 8.2: Extent of urban area of the District

of the district. There is a reduction in growth rate the

rural and urban scenario, but it is found that the urban

areas exhibit faster growth indicating a constant mi-

gration to urban area. This may be due to the educa-

tional, medical and Infrastructural facilities available

in the urban areas of the district.

Fig 8.3: Total urban population during various decades

Sour

ce:

Cen

sus

of I

ndia

- 2

001

Table 8.6 compares the growth rate of urban popu-

lation of the State and the District. This shows that there

is a huge decline in the growth rate of urban popula-

tion of Kerala; more or less the same decreasing pat-

tern is seen in Thrissur also, but the rate of decrease is

just half that of the state.

Figure (fig 8.5) depicts the variation of popula-

tion growth rate of various local government of Thrissur

district. From the figure it is clear that growth rate is

maximum at Kunnamkulam Muncipal Council. Growth

rate of population of Thrissur Municipal Corporation is

less than the surrounding Grama Panchayats. But the

Grama Panchayats that are census towns show more

growth rate than the surrounding Grama Panchayats.

There are 11 census towns located near Thrissur Mu-

nicipal Corporation. Guruvayur Muncipal council and

Chavakkad Muncipal council show less growth rate than

the surrounding Grama Panchayats. Grama Panchayat

parts of which are census towns via Akathiyoor Census

117



Table 8.6: Growth rate of urban population – Comparison with state

1981-91 1991-01

Kerala 60.89 % 7.69 %Thrissur 39.9 % 16.55 %


Fig 8.5: Growth rate of population 2001- Local Govt. wise variation

Fig 8.4: Population Growth Rate- Comparison with District

118



Town, Perakam Census Town, Iringapuram Census

Town, Thaikkad Census Town, Paluvai Census Town,

Brahmakulam Census Town, Kolazhy Census Town,

Pottore Census Town, Puranattukara Census Town,

Marathakkara Census Town, Avinissery Census Town,

Palissery Census Town, Vallachira Census Town,

Methala Census Town, Nenmenikkara Census Town,

Koratty Census Town, Pookode Out Growth and Eriyad

Out Growth show greater population growth rate. In

general there is a chance of in migration of people to

the urban areas from the rural areas.

8.5 URBAN SETTLEMENTS – FROM 1971 TO 2001

The number of urban settlements of the district

was increasing from 1971 to 1991 (see table 8.7). In 2001,

Thrissur Municipal Corporation has been upgraded to

Thrissur Municipal Corporation appending the adjoin-

ing the census urban settlements, thus there is decrease

in the total number of urban settlements of district

compared to the previous decade. But area wise there

is an increase from 1991 to 2001 in the urban area.

8.6 FUTURE URBANIZATION PROFILE OF THE DIS-TRICT

The analysis of the occupational structure of the

District shows that the primary sector i.e., the agricul-

ture sector, shows declining trend in the district. The

sectors, which show growth, are industrial and the ser-

vice sectors. More than 50% of the total urban popula-

tion depends on the service sector for their lively hood.

It is observed that rural areas of the district are also

slowly withdrawing from the primary sector and started

depending more on the service sector. Because of this

shift in the occupational structure some of the rural

areas will be having more than 75% of the male work-

ers in the non-agricultural category in the near future

and hence will fall in the category of census urban.

Hence there may be significant increase in the urban

population as well as in the extent of urban areas of

the District in the future. In the following paragraphs,

the future urban LSGs are delineated based on the

three fold census classification as per census 2001, and

the result is further iterated with the factors like im-

pact of proposed urban development projects, grade

of the LSGs and hierarchy of settlements.

CRITERIA-1: CENSUS URBAN AREA

A study on the existing occupational structure in

various settlements of the District will throw light on

the future urban profile of the district. The workers of

each settlement which are classified in to four fold clas-

sification as per census 2001 are divided in to the fol-

lowing nine categories based on the workers classifica-

tion in the 1991 census.

1. Main Cultivators

2. Main Agricultural Labourers

3. Livestock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, Planta-

tion, Orchards, and allied activates

4. Mining and Quarrying

5. Manufacturing, Processing, Servicing and

repairs in Household industries

6. Manufacturing, Processing, servicing and

Table 8.7: Urban settlements in different period of time

Census year Total number of Muncipal Muncipal Census Urban out Total urbanurban centres Corporation Towns Towns Growths area (Sq. Km)

1971 9 4 4 1 83.431981 26 6 19 1 215.31991 44 6 34 4 301.22001 30 1 6 21 2 345.85

Source: Census 2001

119



repairs in other than household industries

7. Trade and commerce

8. Transport storage and Communications

9. Others

The methodology adopted for the extrapolation

to get the nine fold classification of workers in 2001

based on the workers classification in census 1991 is

described briefly here. The only two types of workers

included in both 1991 and 2001 census are the cultiva-

tors and agricultural laborers. The remaining two types

of workers in the 2001 census, house hold industrial

workers and other workers are totaled together and

this total is divided in to 7 classes of workers in the

same proportion as these 7 classes of workers as there

in the 1991 census. Then the number of male workers

in manufacturing, processing, servicing and repairs in

House hold industries, manufacturing, processing, ser-

vicing and repairs in other than house hold industries,

trade & commerce, transport, storage & communica-

tion and others are totaled to calculate the percentage

of male workers in non-agricultural activities in each of

the LSGs of the District. The details are shown in

Annexe-21. In order to avoid the possibility of errors,

i.e. exclusion of some of the actual urban area, the ex-

trapolation of the data to get classification of workers

based on 1991 census, is attempted only for the LSGs

with non-agricultural male workers more than 90% (in-

stead of 75%) is taken for the study. Based on this, there

are 45 LSGs identified in the District, which are satisfy-

ing the three-fold census criteria to be urban in imme-

diate future. The list of which is given below and the

spatial location of these LSGs is shown in fig 8.6.

1. Thrissur Municipal Corporation2. Methala3. Edavilangu

Fig 8.6: Urban Centers based on 3 fold Census Criteria

120



4. Eriyad5. Guruvayur Municipal Council6. Avinissery7. Chavakkad Municipal Council8. Irinjalakkuda Municipal Council9. Kaipamangalam10. Sreenarayanapuram11. Mathilakam12. Nenmanikkara13. Pookode14. Kodungallur Municipal Council15. Perinjanam16. Kolazhy17. Chalakkudy Municipal Council18. Valappad19. Thalikulam20. Cherpu21. Nattika22. Manalur23. Kadapuram24. Vadanappilly25. Pavaratty26. Kunnamkulam Municipal Council27. Orumanayur

28. Pudukkad29. Thaikkad30. Alagappanagar31. Edathiruthy32. Kaiparamba33. Punnayur34. Kandanissery35. Elavally36. Vadakkekad37. Kadukkutty38. Adat39. Vellangallur40. Engandiyur41. Mala42. Venkitangu43. Poyya44. Mulamkkunnathukkavu45. Nadathara

The classification of an area into urban depending

upon 9 fold classification of workers obtained out of a

mere extrapolation of the census 2001 data based on

the previous decades data can’t be taken as very accu-

Fig 8.7: Urban Centers Based on Census Criteria & Grade of LSGs

121



rate. Though it gives a near accurate picture about the

trend of urbanization, some other factors like the ex-

tent of physical and economic development, future

urban development projects and existing hierarchy of

settlements need to be considered.

CRITERIA 2: GRADE OF LSGs

The grading of LSGs is done previously compar-

ing their physical and economical development. So, in

the absence of direct data to assess the physical and

economic development, the grade of Grama Panchayat

can be taken as a proxy indicator to measure the physi-

cal and economic development of the LSGs

Out of the 45 Grama Panchayats listed based on

criteria one, 24 are Special grade Grama Panchayts and

14 are first grade Grama Panchayats. The first grade

Grama Panchayats are excluded from the list. The re-

maining LSGs are:

1. Thrissur Municipal Corporation

2. Guruvayur Municipal Council

3. Chavakkad Municipal Council

4. Irinjalakkuda Municipal Council

5. Kodungallur Municipal Council

6. Chalakkudy Municipal Council

7. Kunnamkulam Municipal Council

8. Valappad

9. Engandiyur

10. Edavilangu

11. Edathiruthy

12. Venkitangu

13. Nattika

14. Pavaratty

15. Adat

16. Manalur

17. Cherpu

18. Eriyad

19. Perinjanam

20. Mathilakam

21. Sreenarayanapuram

22. Methala

23. Nenmanikkara

24. Alagappanagar

25. Vadanappilly

26. Pudukkad

27. Vellangallur

28. Mala

29. Kadukkutty

30. Nadathara

31. Vadakkekad

Figure 8.7, shows the spatial location of these 31

LSGs. Before finalizing the future urban LSGs of the Dis-

trict, the urban development Projects of the District

and their possible impacts are also to be studied.

CRITERIA: 3: PERSPECTIVES IN URBAN DEVELOP-MENT

The major urban development projects envis-

aged in the District as of now are the proposal for a

Medical University in the Avanoor Grama Panchayat

where part of the existing medical college is function-

ing. This will obviously induce a tremendous develop-

ment impulse in this area.

It is to be noted that Avanoor Grama Panchayat is

not included in the 31 LSGs listed as probable urban

LSGs of the District. So this local body is to be consid-

ered while listing the future urban LSGs. After the in-

clusion of this LSGs the number of LSGs in the select list

will increase to 32 as listed below and also shown in Fig

8.8.





122






8. Valappad

9. Engandiyur

10. Edavilangu

11. Edathiruthy

12. Venkitangu

13. Nattika

14. Pavaratty

15. Adat

16. Manalur

17. Cherpu

18. Eriyad

19. Perinjanam

20. Mathilakam


22. Methala

23. Nenmanikkara

24. Alagappanagar

25. Vadanappilly

26. Pudukkad

27. Vellangallur

28. Mala

29. Kadukkutty

30. Nadathara

31. Vadakkekad

32. Avanoor

CRITERIA: 4: HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENT

The hierarchy of the above 32 LSGs in the overall

context of the District are also to be taken in to account

before finalizing the LSGs with urban character, be-

cause it is an indicator of the type and number of facili-

Fig 8.8: Urban Centers Based on Census Criteria, Grade of LSGs & Perspectives in Urban Development

123



ties in the LSGs. Annexe 10 shows the hierarchy of the

settlements and according to this, out of the 32 LSGs

listed above the following are in the category of LSGs

having the lowest hierarchy.

1. Engandiyur2. Edathiruthy3. Venkitangu

4. Nattika5. Perinjanam6. Mathilakam7. Nenmanikkara8. Alagappanagar

9. Vadanappilly10. Vellangallur11. Kadukkutty12. Nadathara

13. Vadakkekad

14. Avanoor

These fourteen LSGs are to be excluded from the

list of the selected list of likely urban LSGs. The final

lists of the probable urban LSGs are given below.








8. Valappad

9. Edavilangu

10. Pavaratty

11. Adat

12. Manalur

13. Cherpu

14. Eriyad

Table 8.8: Future urban profile of the District

Existing Urban area Future probable urban area

1. Thrissur Municipal Corporation 1. Valappad

2 Kunnamkulam Municipal Council 2. Edavilangu

3 Chalakkudy Municipal Council 3. Pavaratty

4 Irinjalakkuda Municipal Council 4 . Adat

5 Kodungallur Municipal Council 5. Manalur

6 Guruvayur Municipal Council 6. Cherpu

7 Chavakkad Municipal Council 7. Eriyad


9. Methala

10. Pudukkad

11. Mala

124



Fig 8.9: Urban Future urbanization profile – Thrissur District


16. Methala

17. Pudukkad

18. Mala

Clearly the above local governments define the

future urban profile of the District. The likely future

urban profile of the district evolved is shown in the

table 8.8 and the same is shown in fig 8.9

8.7 URBAN PROFILE

All the 11 LSGs listed as probable future urban

LSGs can’t be expected to attain urban character in next

decade (2011) but only some of these will attain urban

character by the next decade and the remaining will

attain urban character in the succeeding decade after

that. The growth rate of population can be taken as

deciding criteria by how fast a LSGs attains urban na-

ture.

The pattern of growth rate of population among

the LSGs of the District as per census 2001 shows that

the growth rate is the highest among those LSGs adja-

cent to the Thrissur Municipal Corporation. And hence

it can be presumed that those LSGs adjacent to the

Thrissur Municipal Corporation and those along the

National high way can be assumed to attain urban sta-

tus in the next 10 years and the remaining LSGs to be-

come urban within the next 20 years. In the study of

the hierarchy of settlements Adat is positioned next to

Thrissur Municipal Corporation. So this LSGs can be as-

sumed to attain urban nature in the first phase itself.

That means Adat, Pavaratty, Eriyad, Mala and Methala

will attain the status of urban LSGs in the next 10 years

where as all the other 6 LSGs will attain the urban sta-

tus within the next 20 years.

This is shown in Table 8.9.

125



Order Name of the settlement ProjectedAdministrative status Facilities

1 Thrissur Municipal Corporation Urban LSG Higher order urban andrural facilities

2 Irinjalakuda Municipal Council Urban LSG Higher order rural facilitiesand middle order urban facilities

2 Chalakkudy Municipal Council Urban LSG Higher order rural facilities andmiddle order urban facilities

2 Kunnamkulam Municipal Council Urban LSG Higher order rural facilitiesand middle order urban facilities

2 Mattathur Rural LSG Higher order rural facilitiesand middle order urban facilities

2 Chelakkara Rural LSG Higher order rural facilitiesand middle order urban facilities

3 Kodungallur Municipal Council Urban LSG Higher order rural facilitiesand middle order urban facilities

3 Wadakkanchery Rural LSG Middle order rural facilitiesand Lower order urban facilities

3 Valappad Urban LSG Middle order rural facilitiesand Lower order urban facilities

3 Guruvayur Municipal Council Urban LSG Higher order rural facilitiesand middle order urban facilities

Table 8.10: Facilities in general to be provided

Table 8.9: Urban profile - Phasing

Sl No In the next 10 years In the next 20 years

1 Adat Edavilangu

2 Pavaratty Valappad

3 Eriyad Sreenarayanapuram

4 Mala Pudukkad

5 Methala Manalur

6 Cherpu

126



8.8 FUNCTIONS (PROPOSED) TO BE PER-FORMED BY VARIOUS HIGHER ORDER SETTLE-MENTS.

The functions to be performed by various higher

order settlements are derived based on their order,

administrative status, character of the settlements and

the service area. The result is summarized in table 8.10.

All the other LSGs will act as basic service cen-

ters.

8.9 INFERENCE

Thrissur District is more urbanized when com-

pared to the State. However the level of urbanization

shows an inclining trend within the District. The urban

areas of the district show higher growth rate of popula-

tion whereas the rural areas surrounding the urban ar-

eas show significantly lower growth rate indicating pos-

sible in migration of people to the urban areas from

the surrounding rural settlements.

3 Venkidangu Rural LSG Middle order rural facilitiesand Lower order urban facilities

3 Pananchery Rural LSG Middle order rural facilitiesand Lower order urban facilities

3 Alagappanagar Rural LSG Middle order rural facilitiesand Lower order urban facilities

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur CONNECTIVITY


9.1 DESCRIPTION OF HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS

As per the settlement analysis, it is found that

the settlements in the District can be grouped in to four

hierarchies. The future hierarchy of settlement of the

district evolved shows that Thrissur Municipal Corpo-

ration is the highest order settlement in the District.

Chalakkudy Municipal Council, Irinjalakkuda Municipal

Council, Kunnamkulam Municipal Council are the ex-

isting and Chelakkara and Mattathur are the proposed

second order settlements. Kodungallur Municipal Coun-

cil, Guruvayur Municipal Council and Grama Panchayats

of Alagappanagar, Pananchery, Venkitangu, Valappad

and Wadakkanchery are the proposed third order settle-

Fig: 9.1: Suggested hierarchy of settlements

Chapter – 9CONNECTIVITY

ments. In general there is one first order settlement, 5

second order settlements and 7 third order settlements

in the District as shown in figure 9.1.

9.2 DESCRIPTION OF HIERARCHY OF NODES

The hierarchy of a node is indicated by the ex-

tent of activity taking place in the node. The study of

hierarchy of node shows that, obviously Thrissur round

and surrounding area is the 1st order node of the Dis-

trict acting as a commercial centre serving the entire

District. Based on the service area of the existing sec-

ond order nodes, nine extra nodes are proposed as sec-

ond order for serving the entire area effectively by con-

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CONNECTIVITY District Spatial Plan - Thrissur


sidering population distribution, centrality and exist-

ing status. Similarly based on the service area of the

existing third order nodes, ten extra nodes are pro-

posed as third order nodes for serving the entire area

effectively by considering population distribution, cen-

trality and existing status of the nodes. Finally there

are 20 suggested second order nodes and 43 suggested

third order nodes. The suggested hierarchy of nodes is

shown in fig 9.2.

Fig: 9.2: Suggested hierarchy of nodes

9.3 EXISTING NETWORK

The roads in Thrissur district are considered as

the main connecting link between northern and south-

ern part of state. In most of traffic junctions the avail-

able road space is encroached upon for non transport

purposes. The major roads in Thrissur were former foot

paths. Only a few roads were properly designed. Due

to limited resources and land availability for develop-

ment, proper road standards is not still attained. Im-

provement to road project planning and designing are

essential to provide efficient road network system. Fig

9.3 shows the existing road network system.

National Highways provide inter-state and inter-

district connectivity. It is proposed to upgrade the stan-

dards of National Highways to meet future require-

ments by providing a Right of Way of 45 meters, with 4-

line carriage way of 3.75 meters wide lanes and service

roads of 3.75 meters each.

The existing National Highways in the district are:

1. 60 Km. of Kanyakumari – Salem NH-47

from Vaniyampara to Karukutty

2. 64.562 Km. NH- 17 from Palapetty to

Moothakunnam and kodungallur Bye-Pass 3.75 Km.

Under NHAI, Fourlaning of NH-47 from Mannuthy to

Karukutty is in progress and will be completed by 2011.

Fourlaning of balance portion in the district from

Mannuthy to Vaniyampara is being taken up by NHAI.

Also Alignment of Fourlaning of NH-17 from

Kottappuram to Chettuva has been approved by NHAI

and land acquisition is in progress.

Thrissur Junction is one of busiest and important

railway junctions in South India, connecting Thrissur city

with the rest of Kerala and India. It lies in the Shoranur-

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Cochin Harbour section of Trivandrum division. Thrissur

Railway Station is operated by the Chennai-headquar-

tered Southern Railways of the Indian Railways. The

railway station of Thrissur lies on the main railway line

that connects Kerala with the rest of India. Hence,

Thrissur Railway Station is an important gateway to

Kerala. It is the halting point of all express, long dis-

tance and local trains and have three platforms. The

station is located in the heart of the Thrissur city and

handles over 20,000 passengers daily.

Thrissur has a well maintained network of rail-

way tracks that connects the place to all parts of India

with much ease and convenience. As an important rail-

way station of the Southern Railways network, Thrissur

is one of the important halting stops for any train pass-

ing through the region. The local trains of Thrissur which

pass through this station cater to the local population

who prefer to travel by train from one city to another.

Regular train services are there to Cochin and Palakkad

are available from here. Thrissur also has a suburban

station at Punkunnam and Ollur, but only local passen-

ger trains and a few express trains stops here.

9.4 SUGGESTED NETWORK

The road net work should connect the higher or-

der settlements and nodes. Figure 9.4 shows the sug-

gested hierarchy of nodes and settlements together

with existing major road network. From the figure, it is

clear that most of the suggested 1st, 2nd order nodes

and suggested 1st, 2nd and 3rd order settlements are well

connected by already existing NH, SH and other district

road.

Conceptual road network is prepared based on

the existing and proposed hierarchy of settlements.

The analysis of the above map clearly reveals the

following facts.

1. The entire district depends upon the

monocentric single first order settlement ie, Thrissur

Municipal Corporation for higher order facilities.

2. Considering the service area of the first order

settlement, Thrissur Municipal Corporation shows the

clear primacy.

3. As far as the linkage between the first order

settlement and second order settlement is concerned,

Fig: 9.3: Existing road network

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Fig: 9.4: Suggested hierarchies of nodes and settlements along with existing road network

there is already exist a radial pattern of roads which

support the planning concept of road network for a

settlement which is centrally located.

Incorporating the spatial distribution of settle-

ment in the District, the following conceptual road net-

work can be suggested. And it is shown in fig.9.5

Conceptual road network contains mainly five

types of proposed roads. They are as follows.

1. Ring Road

2. Radial Roads (1st order Road) – Connecting 1st

order settlement with second order settlement.

3. Loop Roads (2nd order Road) - Connecting all

2nd order settlements

4. Road connecting loop road and 3rd order

settlement (3rd order road)

5. By Pass Roads

9.5 FUTURE CONNECTIVITY

Transportation always depends upon the posi-

tion of nodes and the rank of the nodes. In Kerala sce-

nario where perfect urban – rural continuum exist,

nodes plays a crucial role in the transportation network.

Hence it is highly essential to modify the proposed road

network based on proposed hierarchy of nodes. So

modification of proposed road network based on the

hierarchy of nodes is necessary.

Based on the hierarchy of nodes, Thrissur Round

becomes the first order node. And based on the servic-

ing area of the existing second order nodes, nine extra

nodes are proposed as second order for serving the

entire area effectively by considering population dis-

tribution, centrality and existing status of the nodes

which is described above. Similarly based on the ser-

vicing area of the existing third order nodes, ten extra

nodes are proposed as third order for serving the en-

tire area effectively by considering population distri-

bution, centrality and existing status of the nodes which

is described above.

By superimposing the suggested conceptual road

network with the proposed hierarchy of nodes, it is

found that most of the proposed and existing 1st, 2nd, 3rd

order nodes are already incorporated in the proposed

Map Generated for IDDPby TCPD, Thrissur Unit

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Fig: 9.5 Suggested Conceptual Road Network based on hierarchy of settlements

Fig: 9.6: Future connectivity

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road network and all other proposed and existing 1st ,

2nd and 3rd order nodes are well connected by already

existing NH, SH and other district road.

Modified proposed road network contains mainly

five types of proposed roads. They are as follows.

1. Ring Road around Thrissur Municipal Corpora-

tion

2. Radial Roads (1st order Road) – Connecting 1st

order settlement with second order settlement.

3. Ring Road connecting second orders.

4. Road connecting ring road with other major

nodes.

5. By Pass Roads.

Some routes of radial roads, loop roads and by-

pass are changed by considering the hierarchy of nodes

in the modified road network. Hence there is not much

difference in the proposed conceptual road network.

And it is shown in fig.9.6.

9.6 INFERENCE

Conceptual road network based on hierarchy of

settlement has been derived and superimposed over

the existing transportation network to derive the pro-

posed road network. The proposed road network is

modified based on the spatial distribution of hierarchy

of nodes. The proposed transportation network

emerged out from the study consist of 1st order radial

roads with second order loop roads which support and

justify the transportation planning concept for a

monocentric region.

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur ACTIVITY PATTERN


Chapter – 10ACTIVITY PATTERN

Fig: 10.1: Derivation of Activity pattern

In this chapter the Activity pat-

tern of Thrissur District is described

based on three aspects namely the land

use concentration pattern, functional

character and urban profile,

10.1 DESCRIPTION OF LAND USECONCENTRATION PATTERN

Existing activity pattern within

the district is derived based on the

study of the spatial distribution of the

aspects covered in the settlement stud-

ies namely, the land use concentration pattern, func-

tional character and urban profile, (see figure 10.1).

Fig: 10.2: Land use concentration pattern


ACTIVITYPATTERN

Land use concentration pattern

Future urban profile

Functional classification

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ACTIVITY PATTERN District Spatial Plan - Thrissur


These are combined to evolve the activity pattern.

Functional character is determined based on popula-

tion distribution and land use, Urban profile is derived

taking into account occupational structure and hierar-

chy of settlements, the land use concentration pattern

is studied based on the land use analysis. Along with

these the real ground scenario is also taken into con-

sideration.

Activity pattern based on land use concentration pat-

tern (described in chapter 5.) given as (Figure 10.2)

shows that most of the plantation / forest activities are

concentrated on the highland region of the district. The

urban activity is found to be mainly concentrated in

coastal regions and along the major transportation cor-

ridors. The agricultural activity is predominantly con-

centrated in the midland region of the district.

Accordingly whole District is divided into four

Activity zones namely Agricultural, Non-Agricultural/

Fig: 10.3: Future Urban Profile

Urban, Plantation and Plantation / Forest.

10.2 DESCRIPTION OF FUTURE URBAN PROFILE

The second criterion to derive the activity pat-

tern is future urban profile which is well explained in

chapter 8. There are seven existing urban LSGs (one

Municipal corporation and 6 Municipal council) in the

district. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that 11

LSGs will attain urban character in the next two decades.

The future urban profile is shown in fig 10.3.

10.3 DESCRIPTION OF FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICA-TION

The last criterion to derive the activity pattern is

functional classification of settlements which is well

explained in chapter 6. The spatial distribution of the

settlements based on its character shows a clear de-

marcation in the pattern of the settlements in four cat-

egories (figure 10.4). Thrissur Municipal Corporation

136



and Municipal Councils except Chalakkudy Municipal

Council shows the urban character. Some of low land

LSGs also exhibits urban character. Semi urban charac-

ter is exhibited by LSGs that have urban influence like

Vallathole Nagar (located near to Shornur Muncipality

in Palakkad District), Elavally and Vallachira. Most of

the LSGs in the midland and high land region of the

District exhibit rural character. Semi rural character is

seen in LSGs in the transition zone between the LSGs

Fig: 10.4 : Functional Classification

Table 10.1: Classification of settlements

Urban Profile Land Use Concentration Functional Classification

Urban Non agricultural Urban

Non urban Agricultural Semi - Urban

Forest Semi - Rural

Plantation Rural

with urban and rural character.

The classification of settlements as per the three

aspects namely the land use concentration pattern,

functional classification and urban profile is given in

Table 10.1.

The activity pattern within the district is derived

by combining the characters under these three aspects.

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10.4. DETERMINATION OF ACTIVITY PATTERN

10.4.1 Urban Activity

If the character of a settlement is urban as per

urban profile, non agricultural as per land use concen-

tration and urban as per functional classification, then

that settlement can be termed as an urban activity area

– mainly service sector activities (Table 10.2).

Table 10.2: Urban Activity

Urban Profile Land Use Functional Main

Concentration Pattern Classification Activity

Urban Non agricultural UrbanUrban and

Teritiary activity

In such areas, the work force is predominantly

non agricultural as per urban profile (LSGs with more

than 90% NAMW are designated as urban) and there is

concentration of non agricultural land uses (as per land

use concentration pattern). Some LSGs clearly showing

non urban character as per urban profile may be having

major activity as urban in reality. Besides the plot sizes

Fig: 10.5: Urban Activity Areas

and major land uses indicate (as per functional classifi-

cation) the nature of activity as urban such area also

delineated as urban activity area. The urban activity

areas so delineated is shown in fig. 10.5.

10.4.2 Primary Activity

If the character of a settlement agricultural as

per land use concentration pattern and rural as per func-

tional classification, the most suitable activity in that

settlement can be rural related activities. Agricultural

workers plus cultivators are the predominant workers

in these areas (as per urban profile this area is desig-

nated as non urban) there is concentration of agricul-

tural or plantation land use in such areas (as per land

use concentration pattern) and the plot sizes and ma-

jor land uses indicate (as per functional classification)

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Table 10.3: Primary Activity

Urban Profile Land Use concentration Functional Activity

classification

Non urban Agriculture / Plantation Rural Primary activity

the nature of activity as rural. Even if the character of a

settlement is urban as per urban profile if the land use

concentration pattern is agricultural and rural as per

functional classification, that settlement is considered

under Primary Activity Areas (table 10.3) The area de-

lineated accordingly is shown in fig:-10.6.

Fig: 10.6 Intensive Agricultural Activity areas or primary Activity areas

10.4.3 Secondary Activity

Settlements with land use concentration pattern

as non agriculture/urban and functional classification

as semi urban have most suitable activity is secondary

activities. The work force here is predominantly non

agricultural (more than 70%). The secondary activity

areas delineated as above is shown in figure 10.7

There is concentration of non agricultural land

use (as per land use concentration pattern) and the ma-

jor land use is residential. Hence these areas are suit-

able for secondary activity mainly small scale and cot-

tage industries or service activities.

10.4.4 Agricultural activity non detrimental toforest

If the character of a settlement is non urban as

per urban profile, forest as per land use concentration

pattern and rural as per functional classification the

most suitable activity in that settlement can be rural

related activities, mainly agricultural and allied activi-

ties which are non detrimental to forests. When the

139



Fig: 10.7 Distribution of secondary activity area

character of a settlement is rural as per functional clas-

sification, it indicates the existence of significant ex-

tent of agricultural land in the area. Hence agriculture

will remain as a significant activity in such settlements

(Table 10.4). The area delineated is depicted in figure

10.8.

Table 10.4: Agricultural activity non detrimental to forest

Urban Profile Land Use Nature Activity

Non urban Forest Rural Agricultural

and allied activitynon detrimental to forest

10.4.5 Agriculture and Allied activity

Final combination is taken as the settlements

with non-urban as per urban profile, agricultural / plan-

tation as per land use concentration pattern and semi

rural as per functional classification. This is an area

where major land use is residential and the plot size

varies from 50 to 75 cents.

Majority of the workers are either cultivators or

agricultural labourers (it is a non urban area as per ur-

ban profile). This area is suitable for agricultural pur-

pose, but for the limitation of average plot size between

50 to 75 cents imposing restrictions on agricultural op-

erations. The plot size limitation makes the area suit-

able for small scale or cottage industries and also for

animal husbandry activity (Table 10.5). The area delin-

eated shown here (Figure 10.9).

By superimposing the activity patterns derived

for LSGs, the final activity pattern of the district is

emerging out as shown in fig 10.10

140



Table 10.5: Agricultural and Allied Activity

Urban Profile Land Use Functional Activityconcentration Classification

Non urban Agri/Plantation Semi Rural Agricultural

& Allied Activity

Animal Husbandry

Fig: 10.8 Primary activity areas (Agricultural and allied activity) non detrimental to forest

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ACIVITY PATTERN District Spatial Plan - Thrissur


Fig: 10.10 Activity Pattern of the District


10.5 INFERENCE

The activity pattern of Thrissur District is

categorised into urban, primary sector, secondary sec-

tor, Agriculture and allied activity, forest activity. Pri-

mary activities are concentrated on midland region sec-

ondary activities are concentrated on coastal and near

urban areas. Forest activities are concentrated along

the eastern region.

Fig: 10.9 Agricultural and allied activity area


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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur SPATIAL STRUCTURE


Chapter – 11SPATIAL STRUCTURE

Fig: 11.1: Spatial structure evolution

Hierarchy of settlements& Nodes

Connectivity

Activity Pattern

SPATIALSTRUCTURE

In this chapter, the spatial pat-

tern of activities, hierarchy of settle-

ment, hierarchy of nodes and road

network evolving out of the settle-

ment analysis are sinergically linked

to obtain the spatial structure.

11.1 SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THEDISTRICT

In settlement analysis, the fol-

lowing aspects pertaining to settle-

ments of the district were studied

1. Land use distribution

2. Population distribution

3. Occupational structure

4. Functional character

5. Hierarchy of settlements

6. Hierarchy of nodes

7. Urban profile

Spatial structure of the district is derived mainly

from the Activity pattern, Hierarchy of settlements and

Hierarchy of nodes and Connectivity. (Fig 11.1)

11.1.1 Hierarchy of settlemets

The study of hierarchy of settlement is explained

in the chapter 7. As per the settlement analysis, it is

found that the settlements in the District can be

grouped into four hierarchies. The future hierarchy of

settlement of the district evolved shows that Thrissur

Municipal Corporation is the highest order settlement

in the District. Chalakkudy Municipal Council,

Irinjalakkuda Municipal Council, Kunnamkulam Munici-

pal Council are the existing and Chelakkara and

Mattathur are the proposed second order settlements.

Kodungallur Municipal Council, Guruvayur Municipal

Council and Grama Panchayats of Alagappanagar,

Pananchery, Venkitangu, Valappad and Wadakkanchery

are the proposed third order settlements. In general



trict as shown in figure 11.2.

11.1.2 Hierarchy of Nodes

The study of hierarchy of node shows that, obvi-

ously Thrissur round and surrounding area is the 1st or-

der node of the District acting as a commercial centre

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Fig: 11.2: Suggested hierarchy of settlements

serving the entire District. Based on the service area of

the existing second order nodes, nine extra nodes are

proposed as second order and based on the service area

of the existing third order nodes, ten extra nodes are

proposed as third order for serving the entire area ef-

fectively by considering population distribution, cen-

trality and existing status of the nodes. Finally there

are 20 suggested second order nodes and 43 suggested

third order nodes. The suggested hierarchy of nodes is

shown in fig 11.3

11.1.3 ACTIVITY PATTERN

Activity pattern within the district is derived

based on the land use concentration pattern, functional

character and future urban profile. The activity pattern

of urban, primary sector, secondary sector, Agriculture

and allied activity, forest activity are analyzed based on

the above data. The three aspects namely Land use

concentration pattern, Functional Charector and Urban

Profile which cover all the aspects taken for the study

of the settlements are combined in order to evolve the

activity pattern (functional character is determined

based on population distribution and land use, Urban

profile is derived taking into account of occupational

structure and hierarchy of settlements, the land use

concentration pattern is studied based on the land use

analysis) and real ground scenario is also taking into

consideration.

By superimposing the five activity pattern, the

final activity pattern of the district is emerging out. And

it is shown in fig 11.4.

11.1.4 CONNECTIVITY

Modified proposed road network contains mainly

five types of proposed roads. They are as follows.

1. Ring Road around Thrissur Municipal Corporation

2. Radial Roads (1st order Road) – Connecting

1st order settlement with second order settle-

ment.

3. Ring Road connecting second orders.

4. Road connecting ring road with other major

nodes.

5. By Pass Roads.

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Fig: 11.3: Suggested hierarchy of nodes

Fig: 11.4 Activity Pattern of the District

145



The modified proposed road network is shown

in fig. 11.5

11.1.5 Spatial Structure of the Region (Thrissur &Surrounding Three Districts).

The development of Thrissur district also af-

fected by the activity pattern of neighboring Districts

especially due to presence of Ernakulam, the trade and

commercial centre of the State. The activity pattern of

Thrissur district with adjacent district is shown in figure

11.6. From the figure it is clear that secondary and ter-

tiary activities are more predominant in coastal areas

of Thrissur and Ernakulum districts . Primary related ac-tivity is more predominated in the eastern region ofthe district due to the effect of activity pattern ofPalakkad district where primary activity is more con-centrated at the boundary between Thrissur andPalakkad.

Urban activity is predominating in the Methala,Eriyad, and Edavilngu Grama Panchayats andKodungallur Muncipal Council, it may be due to the ef-fect of activity pattern of Ernakulum on Thrissur dis-trict. The study also reveals the transportation corridorbased developments which are shown in table 11.1

Fig: 11.5: Proposed Road Network

146



Sl

No

Name of

transportation

Corridor

Major

Transportation

Net work

Major Activity as

per spatial

structure

Suspected

generators of

development

momentum

1 Chavakkadu-

Guruvayoor-

Kodungallor –

Methala-Paravoor-

Ernakulam

NH-17 Tertiary

supported by

Fisheries, SSI,

and HHI

Ernakulam Municipal

Corporation and

Surrounding

Municipal Counsil,

Kodungalloor (MC) &

Surrounding Urban

Agglomeration

2 Thrissur –

Irinjalakkuda

Kodungallur –

Methala – Paravoor-

Ernakulam

SH 22 & NH17 Tertiary

supported by

SSI, Agriculture

and Allied

activities

Ernakulam Municipal

Corporation and

Surrounding

Municipal Council,

Thrissur Municipal

Corporation,

Kodungalloor (MC),

Irijalakkuda(MC) &

Surrounding Urban

Agglomeration

3 Thrissur –

Chalakkudy –

Angamali – Aluva -

Ernakulam

NH -47 Tertiary

supported SSI &

large scale

industries,

Agriculture and

Allied activities

Ernakulam Municipal

Corporation and

Surrounding

Municipal Council,

Thrissur Municipal

Corporation,

Chalakkudy (MC),

Angamali (MC) Aluva

(MC) & Surrounding

Urban Agglomeration.

4 Thrissur –

Wadakkanchery –

Shornur

SH 22 Agriculture and

allied activities,

SSI and HH

industry

Thrissur Municipal

Corporation, Shornur

(MC) & Surrounding

Urban Agglomeration

5 Thrissur –

Kunnamkulam-

Kuttippuram

SH69 Tertiary activites

supported by

secondary

activities

Thrissur Municipal

Corporation,

Kunnamkulam (MC)

Shornur (MC) &

Kuttippuram &

Surrounding Urban

Agglomeration

Table 11.1 : Transportation corridor development based on regional spatial structure

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Fig: 11.6 Activity pattern of Thrissur district with adjacent district

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Fig: 11.7 Suggested spatial structure of the District

11.1.4 SPATIAL STRUCTURE

The spatial structure of the district is obtained by

overlaying the activity pattern, road network and hier-

archy of settlements derived. The spatial structure so

obtained is shown in figure 11.7.11.2 INFERENCE

The activity pattern of urban, primary sector,

secondary sector, agriculture and allied activity, forest

activity are studied.

Based on the hierarchy of settlements, hierarchy

of nodes, modified proposed transportation network

and the activity pattern of various parameters, the spa-

tial structure of the district is evolved.

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur FINDINGS


Findings emerged out of spatial and sectoral

analyses are summarised to enable the envisioning pro-

cess. Major findings of analyses of general planning

parameters, various sectoral studies as well as the re-

source base of the district are listed below.

12.1. GENERAL

1. Thrissur District with its rich history, heritage and

cultural, religious and archaeological wealth, acts

as the cultural capital of the state. The district is

also well known for festivals (Thrissur Pooram),

many cultural and art institutions (like Kerala

Kalamandalam, Kerala Sahithya Academy etc.)

and historic temples, churches & mosques.

2. Thrissur District is connected to other parts of the

state and the country through two modes of

transport, rail and roads. The waterway, which

was once was a major mode of transport of the

district, is in an abandoned state now. The near-

est airport “Nedumbassery” (Kochi International

Airport) is situated at a distance of 55 kms and

the nearest sea port of Kochi is situated at a dis-

tance of 80 kms from Thrissur City.

3. Thrissur district has about 15 higher level educa-

tional institutions and 8 multi speciality hospi-

tals as on date and acts as an educational and

health hub which caters not only the District but

also a wider influence region.

Chapter – 12FINDINGS

4. Physiographic profile of the district shows 5 well

defined physiographic regions namely (i) Low

lands (ii) Mid Lands (iii) Mid up Lands (iv) Up Lands

and (v) High Lands. The district has about 33.34%

of its geographical area as forest, mainly seen in

the eastern part of the district. The district is

blessed with resourceful hill areas in the Eastern

part of the district which separate the district from

Tamil Nadu State. These hills are part of highly

resourceful Western Ghats.

5. The district is blessed with 4 major rivers

(Bharatha puzha, Kechery puzha Karuvannur

puzha and Chalakudy puzha) with a number of

tributaries and drainage channels. Vazhani Dam

across Kechery river, Peechi Dam across Manali

river and Chimminy Dam across Karumali river

are the reservoirs of the district.

12.2. POPULATION:

1. Thrissur district is comparatively denser than the

state with 9.34 % of the total population of the

state. The district have only 7.8% of the geo-

graphical area of the state. In other words the

population density of Thrissur District (981 per-

sons/sq km) is higher than that of the state (819

persons /sq km) indicating pressure on land.

2. Even though the district shows a population

growth rate less than that of state, the rate of the

decrease in growth rate of the district (-0.41 dur-

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FINDINGS District Spatial Plan - Thrissur


ing the period 1981-01) is less than that of the

state (-0.51 during the period 1981-01) showing

that the district is blessed with fabric that can

sustainably attract the population. An increase

of only 1.79 lakhs and 1.33 lakhs respectively are

expected in the succeeding decades of 2001-‘11

and 2011 –‘21.

3 The population concentration pattern of Thrissur

district shows a definite spatial pattern in which

highest concentration is seen in LSGs situated in

the periphery of existing urban areas, coastal ar-

eas and LSGs situated near to coastal areas. East-

ern high land region of the district shows least

concentration of population.

4. LSG wise gross population density of the district

shows a spatial pattern in which the urban LSGs

and LSGs surroundings them as well as LSGs in

the coastal region, shows highest gross popula-

tion density ranging from 1500 persons per/sq.km

to 3200 persons/sq.km. The LSGs located in the

mid land region shows a gross population den-

sity variation of 750-1500 persons per/sq km and

LSGs in high land regions shows least gross popu-

lation density.

5. Among the LSGs of the District, population growth

rate is the highest in those LSGs situated in the

periphery of existing urban areas. It can be pre-

sumed that immigrants to the urban centre of

the district prefer to settle in the periphery of

urban areas rather than within. This may lead to

undesirable spread of urban area and conversion

of agricultural land in rural areas for residential

and other non agricultural purposes, thus affect-

ing the economic base of rural areas.

12.3. WORK PARTICIPATION RATE AND OCCUPA-TIONAL PATTERN

1. Work participation rate of the district (32%) equals

that of the state. At the same time it is well be-

low the desirable WPR of a developed economy.

This indicates idling of certain portion of poten-

tial work force of the district.

2. The analysis of the occupational structure of the

district points to a disturbing situation about the

economic base of the district. The number of

workers in primary sector of production namely

cultivators and agricultural labourers show de-

clining trend. The occupational structure of the

district shows that (Refer Chapter 4) more than

75% of the total workers engage in non agricul-

tural pursuits. Even in rural areas of the district,

more than 50% of workers belong to non primary

sectors, mainly service or tertiary sector. Num-

ber of workers in service sectors is on the in-

crease. Number of industrial workers shows a

slight increase. It is observed that rural areas of

the district are slowly withdrawing from the pri-

mary sector and depends more on service sector

and on industrial sector to a certain extent.

3. A shift (mainly towards service sector and sec-

ondary sector) in the occupational structure of

the district (even in rural areas) resulting in the

possible destruction of the rural character of ru-

ral areas is taking place. There is dilution in the

rural nature of the rural areas of the district as far

as the occupational structure is considered. At

the same time industrial activity in the urban ar-

eas is also on the decrease and the share of other

workers category in the work force is increasing.

This has resulted in narrowing down of the bound-

ary distinguishing the character of rural and ur-

ban areas in terms occupational structure.

4. The growth rate of total workers during the last

decade 1991-2001(9. 20 %) is slightly greater than

the growth rate of total population indicating that

work opportunities are increasing in proportion

to the increase in population. However, the rate

of increase in number of main workers shows a

decreasing trend, indicating disturbing picture

about employment generation which has reflec-

152



tion in resource utilization and in turn in the eco-

nomic base and may lead to reduced local eco-

nomic growth.

5. Among the total workers only 17% of workers

constitute agriculture labourers and cultivators

which indicate less intensive agriculture activity

in the District.

6. Among the total workers, 5% are house hold in-

dustrial workers. This is the highest among the

neighbouring districts. This indicates the strength

of the district in house hold industrial sector. The

spatial pattern of concentration of house hold

industrial workers shows a clear concentration

in coastal LSGs and in Thiruvillwamala Grama

Panchayat as well.

7. Nearly 25% of land use is agricultural. From the

point of view of economic as well as environ-

mental stability of the District, the agricultural

land should be put to optimal use.

8. Based on concentration pattern of workers, LSGs

of the district exhibit one of the following six

activity patterns i.e. primary, secondary, tertiary,

combination of primary and secondary, combi-

nation of secondary and tertiary and combina-

tion of primary and tertiary (Refer Chapter 4, Fig

4.17) .

12.4. LAND USE:

1. When compared to near by districts Thrissur

shows no major prominence with respect to ru-

ral land uses or urban land uses. In other words,

the district still has potential for rural activities

where as it ranks 6th with respect to urban con-

tent among the districts in the state.

2. The land use analysis shows concentration of for-

est land use in LSGs located in eastern highland

region of the district indicating rich natural re-

sources and environmental sensitiveness of the

area.

3. “Kole lands” in the district demand special at-

tention due to rich potential for paddy produc-

tivity as well as ecological and environmental

sensitivity.

4. Nearly 25% of the total area of the district is un-

der agricultural land use. Most of the agricultural

areas are concentrated in the mid land and high

land regions of the district. Also the general char-

acter of settlements shows that most of them

are rural in nature, indicating that there is scope

for developing the agriculture sector as one of

the economic base of the District.

5. Coconut cultivation contributes 42% of the agri-

culture land use followed by mixed crop

(17.11%), paddy (17.11%) and rubber (10.7%).

12.5. ECONOMIC BASE OF THE DISTRICT:

1. Thrissur district, contributing 9.87 % of the GDP

of the state, is ranked third in the state. As per

Economic Review-2009, during the period 2008-

09 (at constant price of 1999-2000), 62.58 % of the

GDP of the district is contributed by tertiary sec-

tor and is ranked third in the state. Whereas the

contributions of secondary and primary sectors

are 25.02% and 12.42% respectively and is ranked

third and eight respectively in the state.

2. The sector wise contribution of district GDP over

a period shows a diminishing trend in primary

sector, stagnant trend in secondary sector and in-

creasing trend in tertiary sector.

3. Thrissur district, with per capita income of Rs

42316/- ranks fourth among districts of the state

and shows second highest growth rate in this re-

gard.

4. The spatial distribution of settlements based on

functional character shows a clear demarcation

character of settlements in four categories.

Thrissur Municipal Corporation and Municipal

Councils except Chalakkudy and some of the LSGs

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FINDINGS District Spatial Plan - Thrissur


located in the low land region of the district

characterised by high population concentration

exhibits urban character. Semi urban character is

exhibited by LSGs that have urban influence like

Grama Panchayats of Vallathole Nagar (situated

near to Shornur Municipality in Palakkad District),

Elavally and Vallachira. Most of the LSGs in the

midland and high land region of the District ex-

hibit rural character. Semi rural character is seen

in a few LSGs placed as a transition zone between

the LSGs with urban and rural character. The func-

tional character of settlements gives an idea

about the likely economic base of each LSGs.

5. Existing hierarchy of settlements based on facili-

ties and the proposed hierarchy of settlements

evolved from the analysis show that Thrissur

Municipal Corporation is the single first order

settlement. Besides, there are 5 second order

settlements and 7 third order settlements in the

District to have equitable distribution of facili-

ties that each settlement in a specific hierarchy

should cater.

6. High population density of the district in general

and in the coastal areas in particular combined

with the presence of fragile ecosystems compris-

ing ‘kole’ lands, water bodies, forest and paddy

lands impose limitation on high level of industri-

alization of such areas of the district.

7. Even though there exists Urban-Rural continuum,

the activity pattern evolved based on the land

use concentration pattern, future urban profile

and functional classification shows that there is

a clear demarcation of areas of concentration of

urban activity, agricultural activity, agriculture and

allied activity and agriculture activity non detri-

mental to forests in the district, making it pos-

sible to assign definite development character

to each region.

8. The district is blessed with potential resources

such as tourism potential spots, minerals, lengthy

coastal stretch with potential for fishing, num-

ber of religious centres with archaeological & his-

toric importance, presence of world famous pil-

grim centre ‘Guruvayoor’, four major river basins

and connected drainage network covering entire

district.

9. Activity pattern of the district evolved shows ex-

istence of following zones: Urban activity, Agri-

cultural activity non detrimental to forests, In-

tense agricultural activity, Secondary activity and

Agricultural allied activity.

10.Sectoral analysis of sectors related to major re-

sources such as Agriculture, Industries, Forest,

Animal Husbandry, Fisheries, Mining, Tourism

etc. shows that the district is having areas of con-

centration of the above activities.

11.The analysis of environmental sector shows that

major ecological and environmental sensitive

areas of the district are the reserve forest areas

in the eastern high land region and the ‘kole lands’

in between low land and mid land regions of the

district.

12.Four distinctive agriculture development pat-

terns viz. the coastal and low land regions where

homestead cultivation predominantly of coco-

nut, arecanut, nutmug, jackfruit etc can be pro-

moted, mixed cultivation area in the low –mid

land area where paddy cultivation (kole land &

pokkali area) has to be sustained and nut mug,

plantain, vegetable and fodder cultivation etc can

be promoted, intense crop cultivation area in the

mid land where rubber to be sustained and pine-

apple, pepper, plantain, vegetable and paddy cul-

tivation to a certain extent etc. can be promoted

and finally resource base area where forest re-

sources are to be conserved. Here, intense affor-

estation has to be promoted while existing plan-

tations, rubber and pepper cultivation are to be

sustained.

154



13.The analysis of industrial sector shows the con-

centration of industrial activity (large, medium,

small scale) in the south-west, south-east and

north-west regions of the district spatially located

along the major transportation corridors such as

NH-47, NH-17, SH connecting Thrissur Municipal

Corporation with urban activity areas of the dis-

trict such as Kunnamkulam- Chavakadu-

Guruvayur and Irinjalakuda-Kodungallur-

Methala. The concentration of house hold indus-

tries and hand loom industries are found along

the coastal areas and in Thiruvillwamala Grama

Panchayat as well. The district also has potential

for clay based industries, diamond & gold based

industries, agro based industries, handloom in-

dustries, wood industries and book making in-

dustries etc.

14.Mining activities especially of clay, granite and

black sand has got immense potential within the

district; the potential areas are lower part of the

mid land areas and lower part of the up land ar-

eas in the southern part of the district

15.Coastal belt is suitable for marine fishing. Areas

surrounding the inland water bodies in north-

west and south-west regions of the district are

found suitable for developing inland fishing on a

commercial basis.

16.Thrissur district has got potential to develop the

tourism spots in connection with eco tourism,

adventure tourism, religious tourism and heri-

tage tourism.

The tourism potential areas include Thrissur Mu-

nicipal Corporation, Guruvayoor Municipal Coun-

cil, Kodungalloor Municipal Council, Irinjalakuda

Municipal Council, Athirappaly Grama Panchayat,

Mattathoor Grama Panchayat, Puthur Grama

Panchayat, Vallathol Nagar Grama Panchayat,

Varandarappilly Grama Panchayat etc.

17.Forest area within the district has got economic

potential. Also it is one of the main environmen-

tally sensitive areas of the district.

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur GOALS AND OBJECTIVES


Chapter – 13GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

In this chapter, the development goals evolved

for District Spatial Plan and the development objec-

tives set to achieve the goals based on the findings of

analysis are discussed. The development goals

emerged reflects the thrust areas where planning in-

tervention is required and the objectives clearly spell

out how the goals can be achieved in a real to ground

scenario.

13.1. DEVELOPMENT GOALS

The findings derived from the sector wise stud-

ies and settlement studies evolve following facts:

The Thrissur – Kochi corridor exhibits spatial con-

centration of secondary as well as tertiary activities and

is developing into a vibrant region of development

which acts as a major generator of economic momen-

tum. Analysis reveal that Thrissur district has potential

for rural activities whereas it ranks 6th with respect to

urban content among the districts in the state indicat-

ing the strength of the district in the case of urban ac-

tivities as well. At the same time primary sector too has

a considerable role in the district’s economy with nearly

25% of the total area of the district under agricultural

land use. Most of the agricultural areas are concentrated

in the mid land and high land regions of the district.

Also the general character of settlements shows that

most of them are rural in nature, indicating that there

is scope for developing the agriculture sector as one of

the economic bases of the District.

Work participation rate of the district (32%) equals

that of the state. At the same time it is well below the

desirable WPR of a developed economy. This indicates

idling of certain portion of potential work force of the

district. The situation needs change through genera-

tion of more employment opportunities for the people

of Thrissur. Diversification of economic activity to the

secondary and tertiary activity to create better job op-

portunities with due regard to ways and measures to

increasing productivity, value addition, optimum utili-

zation of resource and scientific intervention in primary

sector may therefore be resorted to promote local eco-

nomic growth.

Even though there exists Urban-Rural continuum,

the activity pattern evolved based on the land use con-

centration pattern, future urban profile and functional

classification shows that there is a clear demarcation of

areas of concentration of urban activity, agricultural

activity, agriculture and allied activity and agriculture

activity non detrimental to forests in the district, mak-

ing it possible to assign definite development charac-

ter to each region. This has to be viewed as a potential

for the overall development of the district.

The district is blessed with potential resources

such as tourism potential spots, minerals, lengthy

coastal stretch with potential for fishing, number of

religious centres with archaeological & historic impor-

tance, presence of world famous pilgrim centre

‘Guruvayoor’, four major river basins and connected

drainage network covering entire district. The analysis

of the secondary sector reveals the potential for clay

based industries, diamond & gold based industries, agro

based industries, handloom industries, book making

industries and wood based industries with in the dis-

trict. Co-ordination and inter linkage between few key

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GOALS AND OBJECTIVES District Spatial Plan - Thrissur


thrust areas is essential to have a sustained develop-

ment.

Thrissur district having many higher level educa-

tional institutions and health facilities caters not only

the District but a wider influence region. Thrissur

Municpal Corporation acts as the first order settlement

in the district serving the entire district. Further there

are some centers of economic development to cater

second order functions in the other parts of the district

as well. Provision of equitable distribution of facilities

(physical & social) in a planned manner and planned

connectivity to ensure speed & safe commutation for

the entire population of the district is a concern.

The analysis of environmental sector shows the

need for protection of major ecological and environ-

mental sensitive areas of the district namely the re-

serve forest areas in the eastern high land region and

the ‘kole lands’ in between low land and mid land re-

gions of the district. The coastal belt of the district is

also another area of environmental concern.

Another aspect of concern is that Thrissur Dis-

trict with its rich history, heritage and cultural, religious

and archaeological wealth, acts as the cultural capital

of the state and this status need to be sustained through

concerted efforts.

THUS THE MAJOR DEVELOPMENT GOALS FOR THEDISTRICT SPATIAL PLAN ARE,

To Develop Thrissur district as an eco-friendly

and economically vibrant region in the state

To utilize resources for economic

development with social justice in a

sustainable manner.

To Enhance and ensure local economic growth

and to create better opportunities to the

people.

To attain a certain level of self-sufficiency in

production (primary and secondary) sectors.

To attain balanced development through

equitable spatial distribution of facilities.

To conserve cultural and heritage fabrics of

the district so as to sustain the status of

cultural capital of the State.

To attain Ecological conservation and

environmental protection.

13.2. DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES

In order to achieve the development goals set

above, development objectives have to be set through

synthesis of the findings evolved from the sectoral and

settlement analysis and general planning parameters.

Developing Thrissur district as an eco-friendly and

economically vibrant region in the state is one of the

development goal of District Spatial Plan Thrissur.

Thrissur district contributes 9.87 % of the GDP of the

state and is ranked third in the state in this respect. As

per Economic Review-2009, during the period 2008-09

(at constant price of 1999-2000), 62.58 % of the GDP of

the district is contributed by tertiary sector and is ranked

third in the state. Whereas the contribution of second-

ary sector is also comparatively high with 25.02% and is

ranked third in the state. Thrissur district, with per capita

income of Rs 42316/- ranks fourth among districts of the

state and shows second highest growth rate in this re-

gard. All the above points to the potential of the dis-

trict in developing into a vibrant region of economic

development in the state. As stated earlier, the Thrissur

– Kochi corridor exhibits spatial concentration of sec-

ondary as well as tertiary activities and is developing

into a vibrant region of development which acts as a

major generator of economic momentum. Measures

for providing impetus to development of this region

are required.


district points to a disturbing situation about the eco-

nomic base of the district. The number of workers in

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur GOALS AND OBJECTIVES


primary sector of production namely cultivators and

agricultural labourers show declining trend. Among the

total workers only 17% of workers constitute agricul-

ture laborers and cultivators, indicating decline in agri-

culture activity and in turn the rural nature of the Dis-

trict. The occupational structure of the district shows

that more than 75% of the total workers engage in non

agricultural pursuits. Even in rural areas of the district,

more than 50% of workers belong to non primary sec-

tors, mainly service or tertiary sector. Number of work-

ers in service sector is on the increase. Number of in-

dustrial workers shows a slight increase. It is observed

that rural areas of the district are slowly withdrawing

from primary sector and depends more on service sec-

tor and on industrial sector to a certain extent. Thus a

shift (mainly towards service sector and slightly to sec-

ondary sector) in the occupational structure of the dis-

trict (even in rural areas) resulting in the possible de-

struction of the rural character of rural areas is taking

place. There is dilution in the rural nature of the rural

areas of the district as far as the occupational structure

is considered. At the same time industrial activity in

the urban areas is also on the decrease and the share of

other workers category in the work force is increasing.

This has resulted in narrowing down of the boundary

distinguishing the character of rural and urban areas in

terms occupational structure. Besides, the rate of in-

crease in number of main workers shows a decreasing

trend within the district indicating disturbing picture

about employment generation, resource utilization and

economic base which in turn point to low economic

growth.

Comparing industrial and commercial land uses, it

is seen that land under commercial use is higher,

indicating domination of tertiary sector over secondary

sector. Also, in 2008-2009, 62.58 % of NSDP of the district

is from tertiary sector compared to 25.02% from the

secondary sector, supporting the same. Another

important aspect to be noted that 25 % of total area of

the district is still under agricultural use. This indicates

that agricultural development is still having a potential

in the district.

The population growth rate pattern among LSGs of

the District shows that growth rate is highest in those

LSGs adjacent to Thrissur Municipal Corporation and

other Municipal Councils. It can be presumed that

migrants to the district prefer to live in the periphery

of urban areas rather than within. If this tendency is

continued, it will result in the undesirable spread of

urban areas and conversion of agricultural land in rural

areas for residential and other nonagricultural purposes

resulting in the destruction of the economic base of

rural areas. Thrissur District shows even more level of

urbanization when compared to the State average. And

also, the level of urbanization shows an increasing

trend within the District pointing out the fact that

significant change in the urban profile of the district.

In brief, there is need to ensure appropriate forward

and backward linkages i. between urban areas of the

district and its rural hinter lands and ii. between

primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of production

so as revitalize the urban as well as rural areas of the

district to enhance socio-economic growth. This

necessitates planned intervention, such that selective

concentration of urban and rural economic activities is

made possible in the district in designated spatial

regions.

The analysis clearly bring out the fact that the district

is blessed with its rich cultural resources, heritage value,

art institutions, religious monuments etc… which in fact

played a crucial role in the evolution of the district as

‘cultural capital’ of the state. The analysis also shows

that In addition to its traditional status of cultural

capital; at present Thrissur District also act as an

educational and health hub. But the serious efforts

towards effective and sustainable utilization of the

above mentioned cultural and heritage resources are

not emerged out from the analysis. Hence any planning

attempt should address the conservation and effective

utilization of these cultural and heritage fabric of the

district. In this context, one should think of how these

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GOALS AND OBJECTIVES District Spatial Plan - Thrissur


cultural and heritage fabric can be effectively utilized

to enhance the tourism potential of the district. Thrissur

district has got potential to develop the tourism spots

in connection with eco tourism, adventure tourism,

religious tourism and heritage tourism.

The district is endowed with abundant natural

resources also. Mining activities especially of clay and

granite and black sand has got immense potential within

the district; the potential areas are lower part of the

mid land areas and lower part of the up land areas in

the southern part of the district. Coastal belt is suitable

for marine fishing. Areas surrounding the inland water

bodies in north-west and south-west regions of the

district are found suitable for developing inland fishing

on a commercial basis. Forest area within the district

has got economic potential. Also it is one of the main

environmentally sensitive areas of the district.

From the study of existing hierarchy of settlements,

it is seen that there is uneven distribution of higher

order settlements. The existing pattern of higher order

settlements do not follow the population distribution

creating a distorted spatial structure. This necessitates

reorganizing of the spatial structure of the district so as

to arrive at a planned settlement hierarchy to attain

equitable distribution of facilities and balanced

development.

Although the district has fairly good network of

roads, the existing connectivity pattern is not sufficient

to distribute smoothly the movements of people,

goods and services. The future requirements in this

connection shall also be taken into account. Therefore

it is essential to develop a proper road network based

on spatial structure of the district.

The analysis of environmental sector shows the

concentration ecological and environmental sensitive

areas of the district mainly in two areas; the reserve

forest area in the eastern high land region and the ‘kole

lands’ in between low land and mid land regions of the

district. Even though the ecological conservation of

forests is showing positive trend, considering the

pressures for revitalization of forest economy and

tourism there has to be definite conservation

perspectives for this area. Obviously, the already

disturbed ‘kole land’ areas, watershed based drainage

channels, etc... also needs to be conserved and

whatever pollution generated in the urban centers

needs to be brought down. The coastal stretch of the

district is another area of environmental concern.

MAJOR DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES

1. To take all possible measures for providing

impetus to development of the Thrissur- Kochi

corridor as a generator of economic momentum.

2. To selectively concentrate urban and rural

economic activities and diversify the economic

base mainly through strengthening production

sectors

3. To attain a certain level of self-sufficiency in

production (primary and secondary) sectors and

deliberate planning intervention in service

sector so that service sector enhances the

production sectors.

4. To develop the key sectors of development of

the district so that the integration of these

sectors can ensure and trigger the socio-

economic development of the district.

5. To conserve the existing cultural and heritage

fabrics of the district in a planned manner and to

utilize them effectively and sustainably for

developing tourism sector.

6. To achieve equitable spatial distribution of

facilities through a network of regional/sub

regional and service centers which are linked to

the service region through rational

transportation network

7. To conserve the ecologically sensitive areas and

to minimize environmental pollution so as to

ensure sustainable development.

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur TENTATIVE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT


Chapter – 14TENTATIVE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

14.1 INTRODUCTION

Once the goals and objectives of the District Spa-

tial Plan are set, the ways and means to achieve them

have to be explored. Formulation of Tentative devel-

opment concept of the district by synthesis of the find-

ings of the spatial analysis and sectoral analysis, in the

orbit of the goals and objectives, over the district plat-

form that will provide the required development frame

work for integrated development of the district is there-

fore attempted in this chapter.

This chapter discusses the Tentative develop-

ment concept derived for District Spatial Plan Thrissur.

We have the spatial structure of the district evolved

from the hierarchy of settlements, connectivity and

activity pattern. The environmental aspects of the dis-

trict are also studied. Even though sectoral analysis of

some of the sectors are yet to be completed, we have

results of sectoral analysis of following sectors namely

Agriculture, Industries and Tourism which have physi-

cal manifestation on land. The resource pattern of the

district evolved through spatial analysis of these sec-

tors is also available. The development concept is de-

rived by incorporating these with the spatial structure

of the district and that of the macro region.

As per the settlement analysis, it is found that

the settlements in the District can be grouped in to four

hierarchies. The future hierarchy of settlement of the

district evolved shows that Thrissur Municipal Corpo-

ration is the highest order settlement in the District.

Chalakkudy Municipal Council, Irinjalakkuda Municipal

Council, Kunnamkulam Municipal Council are the ex-

isting and Chelakkara and Mattathur Grama Panchayats

are the proposed second order settlements.




are proposed as third order settlements. In general



trict. The first order settlement is supposed to provide

higher order facilities in Education, Health and in other

sectors to the entire district population and is

conceptualised as the regional centre of the district.

The second order settlements are supposed to provide

second order facilities of various development sectors

to the surrounding area and are hence envisaged as the

sub regional centers. A district level road network with

roads of three hierarchies viz major roads, sub major

roads and minor roads is suggested, such that it con-

nects all the higher order settlements each other. The

details of formation of development concept of Thrissur

district is described hereunder:

14.2 DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT FORMATION

Analysis of various parameters pertaining to the

development of the district and findings emerged out

from them clearly show that the district has

underutilized or un-utilized potential in primary as well

as in secondary sector. The district shows a flourishing

tertiary sector without having proper backward and for-

ward linkages with primary and secondary sectors. More

over the district is bestowed with natural resources,

tourism potential spots, cultural richness etc. At the

same time there are areas/regions of environmental

concern. The resource base of the district as well as

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the spatial structure including transportation network

play a crucial role in the development of the district. In

addition, the spatial structure of the macro region, cov-

ering Thrissur and surrounding districts will also have a

determinant role in evolving the development concept.

No doubt, the development concept for Thrissur shall

be formulated only through a synthesis of all such fac-

tors namely,

1. Environmentally sensitive areas

2. Spatial structure of the district

3. Resources pattern of the district

4. Spatial structure of the macro region

Since the sectoral analysis is incomplete, the re-

sources pattern of the district is not fully evolved and

only the development concept evolved here is tenta-

tive which may need fine tuning on completion of

sectoral analysis of all sectors.

14.2.1 Environmentally Sensitive Areas

Deforestation and environmental exploitation

when reaches the pinnacle of endurance, nature reit-

erates as never before. The loss of forest cover and

conversion to other land uses can adversely affect fresh

water supplies, threatening the survival of millions of

people and damaging the environment. So, protection

of environment sensitive areas is important for ensur-

ing sustainable development.

Environmentally sensitive areas of Thrissur Dis-

trict include the eastern forests, kole lands of the cen-

tral region, the coastal areas and the inland water bod-

ies of the district. (figure 14.1).

14.2.2 Spatial Structure of Thrissur District

Spatial structure of the district is derived mainly

from Hierarchy of settlements and nodes, the trans-

portation network and activity pattern. As per the settle-

ment analysis, it is found that the settlements in the

District can be grouped in to four hierarchies. The study

of the suggested hierarchy of settlement of the district

shows that Thrissur Municipal Corporation is the high-

est order settlement in the District. Chalakkudy Mu-

nicipal Council, Irinjalakkuda Municipal Council,

Kunnamkulam Municipal Council, Chelakkara and

Fig: 14.1 Environmentally sensitive areas of the District

162



Mattathur Grama Panchayats are the proposed second

order settlements. In general there is one first order

settlement, 5 second order settlements and 7 third or-

der settlements in the District. The first order settle-

ment is supposed to provide higher order facilities in

Education, Health and in other sectors to the entire dis-

trict population. The second order settlements are sup-

posed to provide second order facilities of various de-

velopment sectors to the surrounding area. The pro-

posed road network of the district is derived based on

the hierarchy of settlements and nodes such that the

road network should connect the higher order settle-

ments and nodes.

Activity pattern within the district is derived

based on the land use concentration pattern, functional

character and future urban profile. In other words the

activity pattern cover all the aspects taken for the study

of the settlements (functional character is determined

based on population distribution and land use, urban

Fig: 14.2 Spatial structure of the District

profile is derived taking in to account occupational struc-

ture and hierarchy of settlements, the land use con-

centration pattern is studied based on the land use

analysis). The spatial structure derived is shown in fig

14.2.

14.2.3 Resource Pattern of the Districta. Agriculture

Nearly 25% of the total area of the district is un-

der agricultural land use. Most of the agricultural areas

are concentrated in the mid land and high and regions

of the district. Also the general character of settlements

shows that most of them are rural in nature, indicating

that there is scope for developing the agriculture sec-

tor as one of the economic base of the District.

Four distinctive agriculture development pat-

terns can be clearly delineated in the district viz. the

coastal and low land regions where homestead cultiva-

tion, predominantly of coconut, arecanut, nutmug, jack-

163



fruit etc. can be promoted; mixed cultivation area in

the low –mid land area where paddy cultivation (kole

land & pokkali area) has to be sustained and nut mug,

plantain, vegetable and fodder cultivation etc can be

promoted; intense crop cultivation area in the mid land

where rubber to be sustained and pineapple, pepper,

plantain, vegetable and paddy cultivation to a certain

extent etc. can be promoted and finally resource base

area where forest resources are to be conserved. Here,

intense afforestation has to be promoted while exist-

ing plantations and rubber and pepper cultivation are

to be sustained. The spatial distribution of major crops

in Thrissur district is shown in fig. 14.3

b. Industry

The analysis of industrial sector shows the con-

centration of industrial activity (large, medium, small

scale) in the south-west, south-east and north-west

regions of the district spatially located along the major

transportation corridors such as NH-47, NH-17, SH con-

Fig.14.3 Spatial distribution of major crops

necting Thrissur Municipal Corporation with urban ac-

tivity areas of the district such as Kunnamkulam-

Chavakadu-Guruvayur and Irinjalakuda-Kodungallur-

Methala. The concentration of house hold industries

and hand loom industries are found along the coastal

areas and in Thiruvillwamala Grama Panchayat as well.

The district also has potential for clay based industries,

diamond & gold based industries, agro based indus-

tries, handloom industries, book making industries etc.

The spatial distribution of industries in Thrissur

district is shown in fig 14.4.

c. Tourism

Thrissur district has got potential to develop the

tourism spots in connection with eco tourism, adven-

ture tourism, religious tourism and heritage tourism.

The tourism potential areas include Thrissur Municipal

Corporation, Guruvayoor Municipal Council,

Kodungalloor Municipal Council, Irinjalakuda Munici-

pal Council, Grama Panchayats of Athirappaly,

164



Fig: 14.4 Spatial distribution of industries

Mattathoor, Puthur, Vallathol Nagar, Varandarappilly

etc.

14.2.4 Spatial Structure of the Macro Region

Influence of neighbouring Districts especially

Ernakulam, plays significant role in the development

of Thrissur district. The Thrissur – Kochi corridor linking

Thrissur to the Metro City of Kochi, the trade and com-

mercial capital of the State, is functioning as a corridor

of vibrant development. The spatial structure of this

region is shown in figure 14.5. A contiguous belt of

coastal LSGs exhibiting prominence of tertiary activi-

ties supported by fisheries, Small Scale Industries and

House Hold Industries are existing in Thrissur and

Ernakulum districts. A contiguous belt of urban activity

covering Grama Panchayats of Methala, Eriyad, and

Edavilngu and the Kodungallur Muncipal Council in

Thrissur district and extending upto Kochi can also be

observed. Primary activity is more concentrated at the

boundary between Thrissur and Palakkad districts.

14.3 THE TENTATIVE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

The development Tentative concept for Thrissur

District is derived integrating all the above factors with

the development goals and objectives set for the dis-

trict. Hence the development concept embraces as-

pects of:

Environmental Protection & Sustainable devel-

opment. include

Optimum utilization of resources through inte-

gration of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors

Ensuring the local economic development and

generation of better opportunities

Certain level of self-sufficiency in production

(primary and secondary) sectors

165



Balanced development and equitable spatial

distribution of facilities

The process of integrating these, to evolve de-

velopment concept is schematically shown in Figure

Fig.14.5 Spatial structure of the macro region

14.6. As per the tentative development concept thus

derived, the district is divided in to eight development

zones and future hierarchy of each settlement and

node are set and a future transportation network con-

166



necting the higher order settlements and nodes are

planned. A development zone is delineated by group-

ing the settlements possessing similar major economic

activity pattern as per the Spatial Analysis. In other

words, the thrust development sector of each Grama

Panchayat or Municipal Council is specified. Develop-

ment Concept of Thrissur District is depicted in Figure

14.7. The list of LSGs in each development zone is given

in Annexe 16.

14.4 DEVELOPMENT ZONES

The eight development zones evolved for

Thrissur district are as follows

1. Environmental Concern Zone.

2. Intensive Agricultural Zone

3. Economic Development Corridor (EDC)

Fig: 14.6 Tentative Development concept - IDDP Thrissur

4. Accelerated growth zone - Industrial

5. Accelerated growth zone - Institutional

6. Accelerated growth zone - Marine

7. Multifunctional zone I

8. Multifunctional zone II

14.4.1 Environmental Concern Zone

In order to preserve the environmentally sensi-

tive areas of the district so as to ensure sustainable

development, areas where environmentally sensitive

land uses are concentrated are delineated as Environ-

mental Concern Zone. This zone includes the natural

forests, environmentally sensitive ‘kole’ lands, the

coastal zone and inland water bodies of the district. In

Thrissur district the environmental sensitive areas are

167



Fig 14.7 Tentative Development concept

more concentrated in the eastern region where forest

is more concentrated. Peechi-Vazhani Sanctuary (situ-

ated in Wadakkanchery, Pazhayannur, Pananchery and

Puthur Grama Panchayats) and Chimmony Wildlife

Sanctuary (situated in Mattathur and Varantharapilly

Grama Panchayats) are situated here. Within this zone,

in the areas where natural forest land use is concen-

trated, no activity that causes deforestation of any kind

shall be permitted. Afforestation, plantation, cultiva-

tion of crops like Rubber, Pineapple and Pepper are

found most suitable in the non forest areas of this zone.

Forest related activities including eco tourism; Aromatic

& Medicinal plant cultivation, small scale HH industry

based on natural resources of the region, outlets for

forest related products. watershed related activity &

soil conservation etc may also be promoted. Agricul-

ture and Allied activity non detrimental to forests can

be promoted as supporting activity in this zone while

deforestation, wet land reclamation, industrialization,

urbanisation etc will be restricted here.

Other environmentally sensitive areas of the dis-

trict include ‘kole’ lands in mid land region which are

rice granaries located in the central Kerala. These areas

are valuable assets of the district. So the protection of

these areas is important. Activities that affect the wa-

ter resources and natural drainage basin of these areas

are not permitted in this zone.

The coastal zone of the district and inland water

bodies of the district are also included in this zone and

their conservation deserve due attention.

14.4.2 Intensive Agricultural Zone

The intensive agricultural area as per the spatial

analysis of settlement studies and the area of concen-

tration of agricultural activity as per the spatial analysis

of the Agricultural sector are included in Intensive agri-

cultural zone of the district where intensive agricul-

tural activity can be promoted. The list of Grama

Panchayats which fall in Agro Development Zone is

given in Annexe 16. This zone is suitable for the inten-

sive cultivation of crops like Paddy, Coconut, Arecanut,

Nutmeg, Plantain, Banana etc. and also for agro based

industries like food processing units, coir industry etc.

In this zone providing agricultural infrastructure like

168



wholesale markets, seed centers, warehousing facili-

ties etc for supporting the agriculture activities shall be

given priority. This zone is also suitable for promoting

animal husbandry related activities.

Thus Agriculture, small scale industries to pro-

mote value addition of produces of agriculture and ani-

mal husbandry may be promoted as major activity in

this zone. Animal husbandry, SSI & HH industries may

be promoted as supporting activity in this zone where

as conversion of agriculture land and urbanisation will

be restricted.

14.4.3 Economic Development Corridor (EDC).

The areas where tertiary activities and second-

ary activities (especially industrial activity to trigger eco-

nomic development) are more concentrated or can be

concentrated due to locational advantages are zoned

as the Economic Development Corridor (EDC). Two de-

velopment corridors, namely the Thrissur - Ernakulam

(NH-47) corridor and Thrissur – Irinjalakuda -

Kodungalloor – Paravoor - Ernakulam (SH-22 & NH-17)

corridor are gaining importance in this regard. This zone

is also influenced by Ernakulam, the commercial and

industrial hub of the state. Industrial activities, espe-

cially large scale production industries, are being at-

tracted to this region. This Zone has profound implica-

tion in terms of good transportation linkages with sea

port, airport, nearest urban centre etc. This zone has

got wide influence region in terms of employment gen-

erated, raw resources utilised and products marketed.

This zone has to play a key role to trigger the economic

growth and generating employment opportunities. This

zone is suitable for large/ medium scale industries, in-

dustrial parks, Special Economic Zones (SEZ’s), IT & Info

Parks, Quality Education and Health care institutions

etc. Care shall be taken to restrict polluting industries.

Agriculture and allied activity and agro based indus-

tries may be allowed as supporting activities.

14.4.4 Accelerated growth zone - Industrial

The mid land areas of the district, extending north

south, along either sides of Irinjalakuda – Thrissur –

Shornur corridor where the activity pattern is ‘second-

ary’ is delineated as Accelerated growth zone -Indus-

trial. In this Zone special types of developmental ac-

tivities, in line with the existing activities, which are

found very much suitable for those particular places,

are intended. This zone should enhance the small scale

and house hold industrial activities which support value

addition of agriculture, fisheries and marine products.

This zone can also accommodate supporting industries

which enhance the industrial activity in the Economic

Development Corridor.

14.4.5 Accelerated growth zone - Institutional

The region along SH-69, (the transportation cor-

ridor that connects Thrissur Municipal Corporation and

Kunnamkulam Municipal Council) is zoned as Acceler-

ated growth zone –Institutional. Activities of the Grama

Panchayats in the region will definitely have influence

of the urban centers of Thrissur Municipal Corporation

and Kunnamkulam Municipal Council. Social infrastruc-

ture facilities including hospitals, health institutions

and educational facilities are already in existence in

the region and there is scope for future institutional

developments here. The zone is located near to the

Intensive Agricultural zone, so agro based industries

can be promoted, to a certain extent in this zone.

14.4.6 Accelerated growth zone - Marine

The zone where fisheries and tertiary activities

are more concentrated are designated as Accelerated

growth zone - Marine. This zone is located in the coastal

region of Thrissur district. The LSGs along NH-17 are in-

cluded in this zone. From the activity analysis, it is found

that nature of most of the LSGs fall under the category

of urban or secondary activities. Hence this zone can be

promoted for service sector activities and industrial

sector which enhance the fisheries and allied activi-

ties. We can promote Fish markets, fish preservation

and production units, export and import of marine prod-

ucts, ice plants, Aquaculture Farms, Ornamental fish

169



trading units, fish seed farms Fish Farmers clubs, value

added marine product outlet units, development of fish

harbour & Boat building Yards, production and mainte-

nance units of Machineries. This zone is also influenced

by Ernakulam, the commercial and industrial hub of the

state. The zone has immense potential with HH indus-

trial activities in connection with allied activities and

also tourism potential.

14.4.7 Multifunctional zone I

This zone includes the jurisdictional area of

Thrissur Municipal Corporation. In this zone all urban

activities including higher order educational and health

care facilities and a transportation network copping up

with the requirements etc are to be made available.

This zone will act as a service centre for the entire dis-

trict. Suitable projects and programmes are to be imple-

mented to exploit the urban potential of this zone.

Thrissur Municipal Corporation which is the only

first order settlement is the heart of the district due to

its multifunctional character (seat of specialized and

regional level facilities, status as administrative head

quarters, trade and commercial centre of the district

and Art & Cultural Centre) and also its spatial location

within the district. Thrissur Municipal Corporation is

located almost in the geographic centre of the District

and reflects the character of activities of the whole dis-

trict. Also Thrissur Municipal Corporation has good in-

ter district and intra district connectivity both by road

and railway. This zone plays a crucial role both in ser-

vice sector and other sectors and also plays a crucial

role in creating good link between all sectors in an effi-

cient way.

Thrissur Municipal Corporation has rich in tour-

ism, heritage, cultural, religious and archaeological

wealth and acts as cultural centre of District as well as

the state. Thrissur Municipal Corporation has also good

role in industrial sector also. Gold and diamond indus-

try, textile industry, real estate, banking, brick and tile

industry, furniture making, automobile industry and HH

industries etc are existing. This zone has intense po-

tential in infrastructure facilities like super specialty

hospitals, five star hotels, Health institutions, IT parks,

educational facilities etc. This zone is surrounded by

intensive agriculture zone. So agro and allied indus-

tries like processing units, value addition units etc in

this connection also has potential.

Thus, Thrissur Municipal Corporation, the pro-

posed regional centre of Thrissur District, will develop

as a regional centre in the state next only to Cochin.

The development of the zone should be in such a way

that it should minimize the degradation of nature and

other pollution related activities.

14.4.8 Multifunctional zone II

This zone is the multifunctional zone of second

order activities which also serve various sectors effec-

tively. In this zone, all types of 2nd order urban activi-

ties, 2nd order educational and health care facilities

and enabling transportation facilities etc. are to be pro-

vided. This zone will act as a service centre for the hinter

lands and this zone is very much suitable for industries

utilizing agricultural produces of hinter land. The

Guruvayur – Chavakkad - Kunnamkulam region as well

as Kodungallur -Irnjalakkuda -Eriyad Methala region

come under this zone. All the LSGs in this zone are lo-

cated along major coastal transportation corridors of

NH-17/SH 69/ SH 22.

14.5 HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS

The proposed hierarchy of settlements required

for a balanced distribution of facilities to all the Local

Governments in the district consists of Regional Cen-

tre, Sub regional centers and Service centers. The pro-

posed hierarchy of settlements is shown in Figure 14.8.

14.6 TRANSPORTATION NETWORK

Conceptual road network is prepared based on

the existing and proposed hierarchy of settlements.

The entire district depends upon the monocentric

single first order settlement ie, Thrissur Municipal Cor-

170



Fig 14.8 The proposed hierarchy of settlements

Fig 14.9 The proposed Road network

171



poration for higher order facilities. Considering the ser-

vice area of the first order settlement, Thrissur Munici-

pal Corporation shows the clear primacy. As far as the

linkage between the first order settlement and second

order settlement is concerned, there is already exist a

radial pattern of roads which support the planning con-

cept of road network for a settlement which is cen-

trally located. In corporating the spatial distribution of

settlement in the District, the proposed districtl road

network can be suggested and it is shown in fig 14.9.

14.7 FUNCTION OF SETTLEMENT

Thrissur district has rich potential in primary, sec-

ondary and tertiary activities. Nearly 25% of the land

use in the district is agricultural, indicating that there is

a scope for developing the agriculture sector as one of

the economic base of the district. Thrissur district is

also blessed with Kole lands which are rice granaries.

The major crops in the district are paddy, tapioca, rub-

ber, ginger, cashew, tea, coconut, arecanut etc. Major

industrial sectors are handloom, khadi handloom, pot-

tery tiles, wood based units, rubber based units, coco-

nut oil extraction, food processing units etc. Also we

have rich potential in information technology and

knowledge based industry, textiles & garments, plastic

& gem and jewelry etc.

The function of the LSGs is determined by com-

bining the effect of activity pattern which is already

explained in chapter 10 and the zones which are de-

rived from the development concept and real to ground

scenario. The activity pattern of the district shows that

there exist five major zones which are urban activity,

agricultural activity non detrimental to forests, primary

activity, secondary activity and agricultural & allied ac-

tivity. Based on the development concept, Thrissur dis-

trict is divided into eight zones which are already de-

scribed above. The various activities in each zone are

also well explained. By considering both the activities

of development zones & the activity pattern of district,

it is seen that there is not much difference in the func-

tion of a LSGs.

There are seven major classifications are done

for determining the function of a LSGs. There are as

Fig 14.10 Funtion of settlement

172



follows

1. Tertiary activity which is similar to urban activity

area

2. Primary activity

3. Primary activity – Agricultural

4. Primary activity – Plantation

5. Agricultural activity non detrimental to forests

6. Agricultural activity + Animal Husbandry activity

which is similar to agricultural & allied activity

7. Agricultural activity + Animal Husbandry activity

+ Small scale industrial activity which is similar to

secondary activity area.

The major functions of each LSGs in the district is

shown in figure 14.10.

14.8 PROJECTION OF POPULATION

Population growth of an area depends on num-

bers of births, death, in migrants and out migrants over

a time period taken for the population projection. If

one can predict the exact future values of all these fac-

tors, population projection of that area can be done

very accurately.

Thrissur district shows an increasing trend in the

population figures during the period 1981-2001. But at

the same time the growth rate of population is decreas-

ing during 1981-2001. The spatial development plan of

Thrissur district envisage the planned sustainable de-

velopment of Thrissur district with optimum utilization

of resources, planned diversification of economic ac-

tivities to trigger the local economic growth, genera-

tion of better opportunities, balanced development,

equitable spatial distribution of facilities and thus to

improve the quality of life. The development goal also

envisage to develop the district as an eco-friendly and

economically vibrant region in the state. Obliviously

the programs and projects developed and imple-

mented based on this planning concept will attract more

population to the district in terms of creation of new

and better paid employment opportunities, access to

facilities and so forth. Hence the main intention of the

spatial development plan of Thrissur district is regen-

erate the declining trend of the growth rate of popula-

tion through the maximum optimal utilization of re-

sources available in the district and developing the pro-

duction sector along with other sectors such as animal

husbandry, industrial and tourism etc as one of major

the economic bases of the district. At the same time

this will not interfere with the protection of natural

resources and environmental sensitive areas. Mani-

festly, optimum utilization of the resources in the Dis-

trict will have reflection in the future occupational struc-

ture and future population of the District.

From the development concept, Thrissur district

is divided into eight development zones. They are as

follows

1. Environmental Concern Zone.

2. Intensive Agricultural Zone

3. Economic Development Corridor (EDC)

4. Accelerated growth zone - Industrial

5. Accelerated growth zone - Institutional

6. Accelerated growth zone - Marine

7. Multifunctional zone I

8. Multifunctional zone II

Each development zone has its own develop-

ment potential and this has to be taken into account in

ascertaining the future occupational structure, popula-

tion and its distribution within the district. Another fac-

tor to be considered in the projection of occupational

structure and population distribution is the projected

urban scenario of the District. The urban population

content of Thrissur District will increase to 29.8% by

2021 from the value of 18.13% in 2001. It is projected

that 11 rural LSGs, will attain urban status by the end of

the plan period. The population in the district is to be

so redistributed (to the possible extent) that it has more

concentration in multifunctional zones, accelerated

growth zone and economic development corridor, less

concentration in intensive agricultural zone and lest in

environmental concern zone.

The nature of the each development zone and

173



how they make impressions on the occupational struc-

ture and population growth rate is discussed hereun-

der.

Environmental concern zone includes the natu-

ral forests, environmentally sensitive ‘kole’ lands, the

coastal zone and inland water bodies of the district. In

Thrissur district the environmental sensitive areas are

more concentrated in the eastern region where forest

is more concentrated. Any activity that causes defores-

tation shall not be permitted in this area. Agriculture

and allied activity non detrimental to forests can be

promoted as supporting activity in this zone while de-

forestation, wet land reclamation, industrialization,

urbanisation etc will be restricted here. Hence an en-

hanced growth in population and work force is not ex-

pected in this zone. Only natural growth in population

and slight increase in agricultural work force can be

expected.

Intensive agricultural zone is suitable for the in-

tensive cultivation of crops like Paddy, Coconut,

Arecanut, Nutmeg, Plantain, Banana etc. and also for

agro based industries like food processing units, coir

industry etc. In this zone providing agricultural infra-

structure like wholesale markets, seed centers, ware-

housing facilities etc for supporting the agriculture ac-

tivities shall be given priority. This zone is also suitable

for promoting animal husbandry related activities,

servise sector activities which support primary sector

key activities envisaged in this zone and industrial ac-

tivities (mainly small scale) which enhance the value

addition of the production from this zone. This will bring

more cultivators and agricultural laborers into this zone.

Consequently there will be increase in growth rate of

population in this zone along with increase in agricul-

tural workers. The increase in the workforce will mainly

be in primary sector- i.e. agriculture sector. However

the growth of the population in this zone is limited to

the extent that the attraction of further population to

this zone is enhanced only after satisfying the demands

of the present population and its natural growth in this

zone. Hence a population growth rate slightly higher

than the natural growth rate can be envisaged in this

zone.

Economic development corridor has profound

implication in terms of good transportation linkages

with sea port, airport, nearest urban centre etc. This

zone has got wide influence region in terms of employ-

ment generated, raw resources utilized and products

marketed. For that reasons we can expect floating

population for a period of time. Also it is located near

the intensive agricultural zone and accelerated growth

zone and also it is well connected to multifunction

zones. More over this zone is mainly to provide infra-

structure and other facilities so as to generate devel-

opment impulses to the scale and as such is not sup-

posed to create high density residential population. It

is perceived that the major chunk of floating popula-

tion in this zone may likely to settle in the hinterland as

well as nearby urban centers within and outside the

district. So we can expect a slight enhancement in the

population. Also an increase in service sector workers

and industrial workers.

Accelerated growth zone (Industrial) should en-

hance the small scale and house hold industrial activi-

ties which support value addition of agriculture, fish-

eries and marine products. This zone can also accom-

modate supporting industries which enhance the in-

dustrial activity in the Economic Development Corri-

dor. Secondary workers are more concentrated in that

area, so we can expect high enhanced growth rate of

population.

Accelerated growth zone (Institutional) should

enhance the social infrastructure facilities including

hospitals, health institutions and educational facilities.

The zone is located near to the Intensive Agricultural

zone, so agro based industries can be promoted, to a

certain extent in this zone. Here also we can expect a

slight enhanced growth. Also service sectoral workers

are more concentrated in that area.

Accelerated growth zone (Marine) zone is located

174



in the coastal region of Thrissur district. This zone pro-

motes service sector activities and industrial sector

which enhance the fisheries and allied activities. The

zone has immense potential with House Hold Indus-

trial activities in connection with fisheries, marine al-

lied activities and also tourism potential. So we can

expect high enhanced growth in this zone. The main

work participation rate contributed from House Hold

and Service sectors.

The multifunction zones where urban activities

including higher order educational, health care facili-

ties and transportation network copping up with the

requirements are available. This zone will act as a ser-

vice centre for the entire district. For that reason we

can expect a high enhanced growth in this region and

the tertiary workers are more concentrated in that area.

The effect of growth rate of population and oc-

Table 14.1: Zone wise impact on population growth rate and occupation structure

cupational structure in each development zone is sum-

marized in table 14.1.

14.8.1 Projection of decadal population growthrate

Decadal growth rate of population of Thrissur dis-

trict is 8.66% as per 2001 census which is less than the

average growth rate of 9.42% of the State. Trend based

population projection is explained in chapter 3 by two

methods namely decreasing rate method and appor-

tionment method. The projected total population in

2011 and 2021 is taken as average of these two values

obtained in the above two methods.

The population growth rate of 2011 and 2021 is

given in the table 14.2. From the table, it is clear that the

growth rate is 6.03% during 2001- 2011 and 4.21% during

2011- 2021. The average figure of 5% can be assumed as

the lower limit of the accelerated population growth

No Zone Impact on population growth Impact on occupational structure

1 Environmental concern zone Only natural growth Slight increase in cultivators &

agricultural labourers

2 Intensive agricultural zone Enhanced growth Increase in cultivators & agricultural

labourers

3 Economic Development Corridor

(EDC)

moderate Enhanced growth Increase in industrial & service sector

workers

4 Acceleratedgrowth zone - Industrial Highenhancedgrowth Increase in secondary workers &

industrial workers

5 Accelerated growth zone -Institutional

SlightEnhanced growth Increase in industrial & service sector

workers

6 Acceleratedgrowth zone - Marine Highenhancedgrowth Increase inHH & service sector workers

7 Multifunctional zone I Highenhancedgrowth Increase intertiary workers

8 Multifunctional zone II Highenhancedgrowth Increase intertiary workers

175



rate during the plan period, assuming that the induced

development will push up the population growth rate

above the trend based projected value.

The temporal variation of the population growth

rate of the district as well as that of state shows a de-

clining trend. So the future accelerated population

growth rate of the district should be less than the cur-

Table 14.2: Population growth rate – Projected (Trend Based)

rent population growth rate of 8.66%. It can be assumed

that the accelerated future population growth rate of

Thrissur will be between 5% and 8.66%. The actual value

of population growth rate depends on the extent of

area and the population comes under various zones.

The zone wise population and area (2001) is shown in

Table 14.3.

From the table, the agriculture zone shows both

the maximum percentage of population (28.56%) and

area (44.71%) where we are expecting a slight enhanced

growth above the natural growth rate. In the economic

development corridor we consider the Thrissur –

Ernakulam (NH-47) and Thrissur – Irinjalkkuda –

Kodungallur – Paravur – Ernakulam (SH-22 & NH -17)

corridors. The areas of some localbodies are not com-

pletely included in this zone. But the effect of influ-

ence due to this zone is fully covered by that LSGs. For

getting more clarified picture about the influence of

the development due to this zone, we take the entire

area and population of these LSGs in this zone. The same

is also done in the case of accelerated growth zones.

The percentage of area of Economic Development Cor-

ridor (EDC) is only 13.05% and it shows 15.67% popula-

tion where we expect slight enhanced growth. In the

similar manner we can expect slight enhanced growth

in Accelerated growth zone – Institutional where the

area (5.48%) of zone is very less and the population

(7.64%) corresponding to area is high. In Multifunction

zones where we expect high enhanced growth, nearly

20% population is distributed in only 7% area of the

district which clearly indicates the multifunctional de-

velopment potential of that zone in various sectors.

As a whole 96% population is distributed in 85% of area

of the district where we expect enhanced growth.

Year Total population Population Growth rate

1971 2,128,877

1981 2,439,633 14.6

1991 2,737,311 12.2

2001 2,974,232 8.66

2011 3,153,564 6.03

2021 3,286,439 4.21

176



Table 14.3: Zone wise population and area (2001)

It is clear that most of the population is distrib-

uted in the zones where enhanced growth is anticipated

as per the development concept. Thus the population

growth rate for these zones will be near to the upper

limit of the deduced population growth rate range of 5

- 8.66. The actual value of population growth rate, in

between 5% and 8.66%, depends mainly on the migra-

tion pattern of population due to the development sce-

nario visualized in the development concept assuming

birth rate and death follows the same pattern of the

yester years.

Population 2021= Population 2001+ {Birth – Death

+ In migration – Out migration} during two decades.

i.e., Population 2021= Population 2001+ (Population

2001 x future birth rate) - (Population in 2001 x future

Death Rate) + (Future in migrants) - (Future out mi-

grants)

In order to ascertain the migration trend in fu-

ture, the existing scenario of migration (from 1991-2001)

is to be known. This is calculated hereunder.

The average annual birth rate and death rate in

2001 in Thrissur District are 18.51 and 7.34 respectively

for 1000 population. [Source of Data: Vital Statistics

Bulletin 2001, Directorate of Economics and Statistics,

Thiruvananthapuram]. This implies that the natural

growth rate for the period 1991-2001 will be 18.51 –

7.34 = 11.17 %.

Projected population of 2001, taking into account

the natural growth component alone is (Population in

1991 as per census is 2737311)

Population of 2001 =2737311+ 0.1117 x

2737311=3043069

But as per 2001 census, Population of District in

2001 is 2974232 which take into account the total num-

ber of births, deaths, in migration and out migration

taken place in the district during 1991-2001 periods. The

difference between the two population figures ac-

No Zone Impact on population

growth

Total Population

2001

% of Population

w.r.t district

Total Area % of Area w.r.t

District

1 Environmental concern zone Only natural growth 105188 3.54430.28 14.16

2 Intensive agriculturalzone Enhanced growth 849296 28.56

1358.78 44.71

3 Economic Development Corridor

(EDC)

Moderate Enhanced

growth

465897 15.67

396.64 13.05

4 Accelerated growth zone -

Industrial

High enhanced growth 296892

9.98 230.05 7.57


Slight Enhanced growth 227085

7.64 166.44 5.48

6 Accelerated growth zone - Marine High enhanced

growth

473733

15.93 244.34 8.04

7 Multifunctional zone I High enhanced growth 317526

10.68 101.42 3.34

8 Multifunctional zone II High enhanced growth 238407

8.02 111.02 3.65

177



counts for the net migration which has taken place dur-

ing this period.

The difference is negative (i.e. 2974232-3043069=

-68837), indicating that there is out migration during

the period 1991-2001. Percentage wise, it is 2.5% of the

total population of 1991.

As per the Development Concept, 90% of the

population of the district lives in the zones of enhanced

growth rate. Hence, a reversal in the above trend is

expected. Instead of the net migration being out mi-

gration at present, in migration is expected. There is all

the probability that the net migration will become zero

by the end of the plan period. This means that, during

the plan period, there will be in migration of 68837 per-

sons. It is 2.3% of the total population of district in 2001.

The trend based growth rate of population in

2011- 2021 decade will be 4.21% shown in table14.2.

The assumption is that the existing trend in birth rate,

death rate and migration will continue. But the Devel-

opment Plan visualizes a change in pattern of migra-

tion as discussed above. By taking this into account the

future population growth is calculated as follows.

Adding the net percentage of migrants to the

trend based decadal growth rate of population in 2021,

expected population growth rate (accelerated growth)

in 2021 comes to be 6.51% (4.21+2.3). (ie within the

range of 5 - 8.66 and towards the upper side of the

range). The population growth rate during 2001-2011 is

interpolated as 7.5%. The projected population growth

rates (induced) are shown in Table 14.4 and Figure 14.11.

14.8.2. DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECTED POPULATIONAMONG THE DEVELOPMENT ZONES.

The projected population is distributed in vari-

ous zones by considering the following factors.

1. Existing population growth rate

2. The trend based projected population growth

rate

3. The type of development in each zone as per

development concept

Considering the growth rate scenario of the dis-

trict, it shows a declining trend during 1981- 2001. The

population growth rate is more concentrated in the mid

– up land and coastal region in 1991 and in 2001 the

growth rate is more concentrated in mid land region

only. The decadal growth rate of various zones is shown

in table 14.5. From the table it is clear that the growth

Table 14.4: Projected growth rate (Induced) – 2021 of the district

rate of Multifunction zone I is 8.38% in 2001 and it shows

decreasing trend in future. But the percentage of de-

crease is not too large. But considering the Multifunc-

tion zone II, the growth rate is decreased to 1.55% from

5.87% where we have to enhance the population growth

rate to some extent as per development concept. This

may be due to the fact that the percentage of decrease

in growth rate is high in the previous decades. But some

of the LSGs cover the Multifunction zone II is raised to

urban criteria in future, so it will help to increase the

growth rate in that region. Thus we can expect a high

enhanced growth rate in that region. As a whole, the

LSGs cover the multifunction zones show a positive

trend in the growth rate which implies the future de-

velopment in that zone.

As per the development concept, various activi-

Year 1991 2001 2011 2021

G.R 12.2 8.66 7.5 6.51

178



Fig 14.11 Projected growth rate (Induced) of the district

Table 14.5: zone wise growth rate –Trend based

No Zone Impact on

population growth

Decadal G.R 1991-

2001

Trend based decadal G.R

2021

1 Environmental concern

zone

Only natural growth

9.02 4.05

2 Intensive agricultural zone Enhanced growth

9.73 4.98

3 Economic Development

Corridor (EDC)

Moderate

Enhanced growth

8.60 4.07


Industrial

High enhanced

growth 10.58 4.83


Slight Enhanced

growth 12.39 7.59


Marine

High enhanced

growth 5.52 0.72

7 Multifunctional zone I High enhanced

growth 8.38 5.65

8 Multifunctional zone II High enhanced

growth 5.87 1.55

179



ties which contributing the development is limited to

some extent in Environmental concern zone due to prior

importance given to the protection of natural resources

and environment sensitive area. So we can expect only

natural growth of population in the zone. The growth

rate of environmental concern zone in 2001 is 9.02%

which is comes to the fourth place when considering

the growth rate in various zones. The high value of

growth rate is due to the positive growth rate shown by

the some Grama Panchayat which cover the zone where

plantation related primary activity are predominant.

Considering the trend, it is reduced to 4.05% in 2021.

The growth rate of intensive agricultural zone is

9.73 in 1991-2001. But considering the trend of the popu-

lation growth rate of LSGs included in that zone, it show

high decreasing trend. Based on that the projected

population growth rates become 4.98% in 2021. In view

of envisaged intensive agricultural activity and allied

activities in this zone, we have to enhance the growth

rate of that zone to some extent for the future devel-

opment through agriculture sector. However a high

growth rate of population is not expected in this zone.

In similar manner the growth rate of accelerated

growth zone – Marine (5.52%) is also show the high

decreasing trend. This is due to the fact that the popu-

lation growth rate of coastal region during the period

1981-1991 comes in the range 15-20% which shows the

strength of the economic base once existed in there

and when comes in 1991-2001, growth rate of popula-

tion in coastal region is decreased in the range 5 – 10%.

But as per development concept, this zone is promoted

for service sector and industrial sector activities which

enhance the fisheries and allied activities and utilizing

the potential of coastal line. Also we can promote eco

friendly tourism. Hence we have to enhance the popu-

lation growth rate in the zone to achieve the develop-

ment through a strong economic base.

The growth rates of accelerated growth zone –

Institutional show high growth rate (12.39%) in 2001.The

trend based growth rate in 2021 is 7.59% and it show

slight decreasing trend. The high value of growth rate

of population in 2001 clearly indicates the development

of that area through service activities. The same pat-

tern is also seen in the case of accelerated growth zone

– Industrial and Economic Development Corridor (EDC).

The growth rates of accelerated growth zone – Indus-

trial and Economic Development Corridor (EDC) are

10.58% and 8.60% respectively in 2001. And it is reduced

to 4.83% and 4.07 respectively in 2021. As per develop-

ment concept also, we expect enhancement in the

growth rate of these zones to utilize the potential of

urban activities.

We have to calculate the induced growth rate of

2021 by considering the impact on population growth

rate derived based on development concept, growth

rate of 1991-2001 periods and trend based decadal

growth rate 2021. Considering the environmental con-

cern zone, where the trend based growth rate in 2021 is

4.05%. As per the development concept, various activi-

ties which contributing the development is limited to

some extent in Environmental concern zone due to prior

importance given to the protection of natural resources

and environment sensitive area. Hence the trend based

growth rate of 4.05% in 2021 will remain in that zone.

We are not providing any enhancement of population

in that area.

In the case of intensive agricultural zone, the

growth rate in 2001 is 9.73% and in 2021 it is reduced to

4.98%. But as per development concept, we provide

enhanced growth in that zone. The induced growth rate

of intensive agricultural zone in 2021 will be less than

9.73% and more than 4.98%. It is assumed that an aver-

age growth rate of 6% which is slightly less than aver-

age of the above two values (9.73% and 4.98%) will at-

tain within two decades.

In the case of economic development corridor

(EDC), the growth rate in 2001 is 8.6% and in 2021 it is

reduced to 4.07%. But as per development concept, we

provide moderate enhanced growth in that zone. The

induced growth rate of EDC in 2021 will be less than

180



8.6% and more than 4.07%. It is assumed that an aver-

age growth rate of 7% which is slightly more than aver-

age of the above two values (8.6% and 4.07%) will at-

tain within two decades.

In the case of Accelerated growth zone - Indus-

trial, the growth rate in 2001 is 10.58% and in 2021 it is


provide high enhanced growth in this zone. The induced

growth rate of Accelerated growth zone - Industrial in

2021 will in the range 4.83-10.58. Due to the high en-

hanced growth, it is assumed an average growth rate of

10.58% which is the upper limit of the range will attain

within two decades.

In the case of Accelerated growth zone - Institu-

tional, the growth rate in 2001 is 12.39% and in 2021 it is


provide slight enhanced growth in this zone. Consider-

ing the fact of enhancement in growth rate, the induced

growth rate of Accelerated growth zone - Institutional

in 2021 will be less than 12.39% and more than 7.59%. It

is assumed that an average growth rate of 9.3% which is

slightly less than average of the above two values

(9.73% and 4.98%) will attain within two decades.

In the case of Accelerated growth zone – Marine

and Multifunctional zones, we are expecting high en-

hanced growth rate in 2021. Due to the high enhanced

growth, it is assumed an average growth rate of 5.52%,

8.38% and 5.87% which is the upper limit of the range in

each zone will attain within two decades in Acceler-

ated growth zone – Marine, Multifunction zone I and

Multifunction zone II respectively.

Table 14.6: Zone wise induced growth rate


growth

Decadal G.R

1991-2001

Trend based decadal

growth rate 2021

Range of Induced

growth rate –

Projected

Average Induced

growth rate 2021–

Projected

1 Environmentalconcern zone Only natural growth

9.02 4.05 4.05

4.05

2 Intensive agricultural zone Enhanced growth

9.73 4.98 9.73 – 4.98

6


Corridor (EDC)

Moderate Enhanced

growth

8.60 4.07 8.6 – 4.07

7


Industrial

High enhanced growth

10.58 4.83 10.58 – 4.83

10.58


Slight Enhanced growth

12.39 7.59 12.39 – 7.59

9.3


Marine

High enhanced

growth

5.52 0.72 5.52 – 0.72

5.52

7 Multifunctional zone I High enhanced growth

8.38 5.65 8.38

8.38

8 Multifunctionalzone II High enhanced growth

5.87 1.55 5.87

5.87

181



The trend based population growth rate and av-

erage induced population growth rate is calculated zone

wise and it is given in Table 14.6.

The table 14.6 gives the average growth rate of

each zone which will attain within two decades. And it

is well explained that the induced growth rate of dis-

trict in 2011 and 2021 is 7.5% and 6.51% respectively. By

incorporating the above facts, the average growth rate

of each zone can be extrapolated to growth rate for the

period 2001-11 & 2011-2021. And it is given in table 14.7.

Zone wise population based on the projected in-

duced growth rate is shown in Table 14.8.

The change in scenario of the population distri-

bution within district due to projected population is

depicted by the change in zone wise percentage of

population. It is shown in Table 14.9. From the table it is

clear that the percentage of population does not show

Table 14.7: Zone wise population in 2021


growth

Average Induced

growth rate 2021–

Projected

Induced growth

rate 2001-2011

Induced growth

rate 2011-2021

1 Environmentalconcern zone Only natural growth 4.05

5.50 4.05

2 Intensive agriculturalzone Enhanced growth 6

6.50 5.50


Corridor(EDC)

Moderate Enhanced

growth

7

7.50 6.50


Industrial

High enhanced growth 10.58

11.08 10.08


Slight Enhanced

growth

9.3

9.80 8.80


Marine

High enhanced

growth

5.52

6.02 5.02

7 Multifunctional zone I High enhanced growth 8.38

8.88 7.88

8 Multifunctional zone II High enhanced growth 5.87

6.37 5.37

182



Table 14.8: Zone wise population based on projected induced growth rate

Table 14.9: Percentage of population in 2001& 2021

much variation in the zones. It is slightly increasing in

Multifunction zones, and some accelerated growth

zones. And it is decreasing in environmental concern

zones and intensive agricultural zone.

183



Consider the percentage of increase in popula-

tion density for getting clearer picture about the pro-

jected population which is given in each zone. The popu-

lation density of various zones is given in table 14.10.

Considering the percentage of increase in population

density, it is seen that the percentage of increase is

maximum in Accelerated growth zone – Industrial

(22.28%) and the percentage of increase is least in En-

vironmental concern zone (9.77%). The percentage of

increase is more than 15% in Accelerated growth zone

– Industrial (22.28%), Multifunctional zone I (17.46%)

and Accelerated growth zone - Institutional (19.46%).

The percentage of increase is more than 10% in the rest

of the zones except Environmental concern zone

(9.77%). The Population density variation is shown in

figure 14.12. This shows a population distribution sup-

ports with the development concept.

Table 14.10: Population Density – Zone wise

184



Fig 14.12 Zone wise Population Density

14.8.2.1 Distribution of projected populationamong LSGs

The LSGs wise distribution of growth rate of

population in 2021 based on the trend wise analysis is

shown in figure14.13.

Figure 14.13 G.R of population 2021-trend based

From the figure it is clear that growth rate is more

concentrated in the central region and mid upland area

of the district. It covers the multifunction zone I and

accelerated growth zones. There are four LSGs

(Mattathur Grama Panchayat, Melur Grama Panchayat,

Kolazhi Grama Panchayat, Anthikkad Grama Panchayat)

185



showing growth rate more than 15. Nine LSGs showing

growth rate in the range 10-15 and ten LSGs are in the

range 5-10. The rest of the LSGs (76 in no) showing

growth rate less than 5. In the intensive agriculture zone

and accelerated growth zone marine are having growth

rate less than 5. The growth rate of Multifunction zone

II also showing less growth rate in the trend based analy-

sis. Out of 99 LSGs in the district, 76 LSGs having growth

rate less than 5 which cover the agricultural zone and

accelerated growth zone (Marine) and some industrial

zone area.

The LSGs wise distribution of growth rate of popu-

lation in 2021 based on induced growth rate analysis is

shown in figure 14.14. From the figure it is clear that

growth rate is more concentrated in the central region,

mid upland area and some coastal regions of the dis-

trict. In the trend wise analysis, only four LSGs are hav-

ing growth rate more than 15. But when the growth

rate is accelerated there are seven LSGs come in the

range more than 15 and all are located near the Multi-

function zones. Eight LSGs showing growth rate in the

range 10-15 which are in the accelerated growth zones.

In the trend wise analysis, only ten LSGs are having

growth rate in the range 5-10 and it is increased to 39

LSGs while considering the induced projected growth

rate. The rest of 45 LSGs show a growth rate less than 5.

14.9. PROJECTION OF WORK FORCE


District (Chapter 4) shows a very alarming situation

about the economic base of the district. The produc-

tion sectors including agriculture shows declining trend

in the district. Meanwhile service sector shows growth

both in urban and rural areas. The occupational struc-

ture also reveals that the secondary sector also takes a

determinant role in the district’s economy. More than

50% of the population depends on the service / sec-

ondary sector for their lively hood. It is observed that

Figure 14.14 G.R of population 2021-Accelerated

186



rural areas of the district are slowly withdrawing from

primary sector and started depending more on the ser-

vice sector. The boundary distinguishing the character

of rural and urban areas is narrowing down. It is clear

that primary workers are more concentrated in high land

region and some mid land LSGS. Secondary workers are

concentrated in the mid land region and some coastal

LSGS and the tertiary workers are more concentrated in

and around the urban areas.

The existing trend of work participation rate and

existing occupational structure of the District are ana-

lyzed in Chapter 4. The existing work participation and

occupational structure is shown in Figure 14.15 and Fig-

ure 14.16 respectively.

Fig 14.15: Work participation rate (Existing)

Fig 14.16: Occupational Structure (Existing)

187



The Work Participation Rate (WPR) of Thrissur

District from 1981 to 2001 is shown in figure 14.15. WPR

is increased by 8.40 % from 1981 to 2001. If the same

trend is continued, work participation rate at the end

of the plan period (2021) will be about 33.26. (Figure

14.17).

But the proposed developments (as per devel-

opment concept) will open up new avenues of employ-

ment and consequently there will be enhanced work

participation rate. Just like in the case of population

projection, the trend based projected WPR can be taken

as the lower limit of the work participation rate at the

end of the plan period, on the assumption that the ac-

celerated WPR will be higher than this.

The work participation rate of Kerala is 32% as

per 2001 census. As per census 2001, the work partici-

pation rate of Idukki district is maximum (43%) and

Malappuram district has the lowest work participation

rate (24%). The work participation rate of Thrissur Dis-

trict is equals to that of the state (ie 32%) in 2001). That

means, out of the total population of 29.74 lakhs, 9.55

lakhs are workers.

As per the likely impact in the occupational struc-

ture due to future developments (Table 14.11), increase

in work force is expected in 7 out of the 8 development

zones. This will surely increase the WPR significantly

well above the trend based projected WPR of 33.26%.

It is accepted that a WPR of 40% indicates a well off

society as far as the job opportunities are concerned.

The present WPR of Thrissur District is only 32.12% and

attaining a WPR of 40% by two decades is very difficult.

The WPR of the surrounding Districts shows (Figure

14.18) a maximum value of 34% (in Palakkad and

Ernakulam District). The WPR of the State as per 2001

Fig 14.17 projected WPR – Trend based

Table 14.11 Projection of WPR –Thrissur District

188



Fig 14.18: WPR of Districts surrounding to Thrissur

census is only 32.3%. Considering all these a WPR of

36% is targeted (2.74% above the lower limit of 33.26%)

as the WPR for future population of Thrissur District.

The projected WPR of the District is given in Table

14.11 and Figure 14.19 by assuming a uniform increase

in the WPR.

14.9.1 Zone wise distribution of WPR

Zone wise distribution of WPR based on 2001 cen-

sus data is shown in Table 14.12.

Fig 14.19: Projection of WPR –Thrissur District

189



Table 14.12: Zone wise WPR - 2001

The existing scenario of WPR shows that WPR is

more in the environmental concern zone (33.72) and

least in the Accelerated growth zone-Marine (26.92).

Intensive agricultural zone also shows WPR greater than

multifunction zone and Accelerated growth zones.

The environmental concern zone is rural in na-

ture and primary workers are more concentrated in that

region. But the primary activity non detrimental to na-

ture is only allowed in that region as per the develop-

ment concept. As per the present scenario, WPR is high-

est in that zone. But we cannot provide a high WPR

considering the development concept derived and in

view of environmental and economical sustainability

of a region.

WPR of Economic Development Corridor (EDC) is

slightly more than intensive agricultural zone. The ser-

vice activities are mainly concentrated in Economic

Development Corridor (EDC). So we can expect a high

WPR as per development concept in that zone.

Consider the Multifunction zone I and Acceler-

ated growth zones, they have WPR less than even in-

tensive agricultural zone. From the analysis of occupa-

tional structure, it is very clear that WPR of the urban

area is equal to that of the rural area indicates a uni-

form picture about the number of job opportunities

created in urban and rural areas against the popular

belief that urban area creates more job opportunities.

This trend has to be changed in such a way that urban

area creates more job opportunities. Otherwise it will

affect the environmental and economical sustainability

of a region. There will be migration of people from ur-

ban to rural areas resulting in the possible destruction

of the resources like agricultural area, water bodies and

environmentally sensitive areas in the rural area for

residential purpose and thus destroying the economic

base of the District.

Table 14.13 shows the combined average WPR -

zone wise of the District. In this Accelerated growth

190



zone – Industrial, Accelerated growth zone – Institu-

tional, Accelerated growth zone – Marine, are taken as

a single one. Similar manner Multifunction zones and

Economic Development Corridor (EDC) are considered

as single unit.

Table 14.13 The combined average WPR - zone wise

‘Selective concentration of urban and rural eco-

nomic activities and diversification of the economic

base through interventions in production sectors to

prevent the dilution of economic base of rural and ur-

ban areas’ is one of the development objectives of the

Development Plan. Another objective is to protect the

environmentally sensitive areas of the District. These

two objectives will have a direct bearing in the deter-

mination of future economic base and in turn future

WPR and spatial distribution of work force.

Considering the environmental concern zone,

the WPR of 2001 is 33.72. We will not provide a high

WPR as per development concept. The range of WPR in

2021 is fixed between 33.72 and 36 which is the pro-

jected WPR of District in 2021 as per development con-

cept. And also the value of WPR should be least in this

zone considering other zones. Hence it is assumed a

value of WPR which is less than the average of the range

is taken (34%). The value of WPR should be least in this

zone considering other zones.

In the case of Intensive Agricultural Zone, the

WPR in 2001 is 33.28 and as per development concept

we provide increase in cultivators & agricultural

labourers. Hence the range of WPR in 2021 will be more

than 33.28 but less than 36 (District WPR). Also the value

of WPR in 2021 should be more than that of environ-

mental concern zone. It is assumed that average of 33.28

& 36 is taken as WPR in 2021 (34.64%).

The WPR of Economic Development Corridor

(EDC) in 2001 is 33.34%. As per development concept

we expect increase in industrial & service sector work-

ers. Considering the increase of workers, the WPR in

2021 will be lies in the range 33.34-36. But the zone is

influenced by Ernakulam which is the commercial and

industrial hub of the state and good transportation link-

ages. Hence the WPR in 2021 may be more than the

range due to the development through Thrissur-

Ernakulam corridor (NH-47). It is assumed that WPR of

EDC in 2021 will be 37 which is more than the range

(33.34-36).

In the case of Accelerated growth zone – Indus-

trial, the value of WPR in 2001 is 32.44 and as per devel-

opment concept we expect high increase in secondary

workers & industrial workers. Hence the range of WPR

in 2021 will be taken as between 32.44 & 36. This zone

can also accommodate supporting industries which

191



enhance the industrial activity in the Economic Devel-

opment Corridor. Considering this fact, the value of

WPR in 2021in this zone will be more than the range

and also more than the WPR of EDC in 2021. It is as-

sumed that a value of WPR of 38 will attain in this zone

within the two decades.

The WPR of Accelerated growth zone – Institu-

tional in 2001 is 33.07. As per development concept, we

can expect an increase in industrial & service sector

workers in the zone. The value of WPR in 2021 will be

lies in the range 33.07-36. The various activities of the

zone is influenced by the urban centres (Multifunction

zones), EDC and Accelerated growth zone – Industrial.

Hence it is assumed a value of WPR of 36 (upper limit of

range) which is less than the WPR of EDC and Acceler-

ated growth zone – Industrial and more than Intensive

Agricultural Zone will be attain in 2021.

The WPR of Accelerated growth zone – Marine in

2001 is 26.92 which is least WPR compared to other

zones. As per development concept, we can expect an

increase in House hold & service sector workers in the

zone. The value of WPR in 2021 will be lies in the range

26.92-36. Hence it is assumed a value of WPR of 34 which

is more than the average of the range will attain in 2021.

The value of WPR in 2001 is 32.51 and 33.38 in

Multifunction zone I & Multifunction zone II respec-

tively. As per development concept, we expect increase

in tertiary workers in that zone. The value of WPR is

more than the district average (36) due to the special

development through multifunctional activities created

as per development concept. Hence we expect the

value of WPR of 39 which is the highest value of WPR

compared to other zones will attain in Multifunction

zone I in 2021. Similarly the WPR of Multifunction zone

II will be 38 which is more than District average and less

than that of Multifunction zone I (39).

Based on this combined average WPR - zone wise

of the District is projected and it is shown in table 14.14

Table 14.14 – Projected WPR - zone wise

192



The total number workers projected based on

the projected WPR is given in table 14.15.

14.9.2 MAIN WORKERS

Main workers (projected) are calculated from the

total workers (projected) based on the main to mar-

Table 14.15 Total Workers projected - 2021

ginal workers ratio deduced from the previous decades

data (Table 14.16)

The zone wise main workers are calculated from

the total workers, taking in to account the main to mar-

ginal workers ratio. It is shown in Table 14.17.

Table 14.16 Main to Marginal Workers ratio

Zone WPR 2021 ‐

Projected

Population

2021

Total Workers 2021 ‐

Projected

Environmental Concern Zone 34115468 39259

Intensive Agricultural Zone 34.64954248 330551

Economic Development Corridor (EDC) 37533394 197356

Accelerated growth zone - Industrial 38363030 137951

Accelerated growth zone - Institutional 36271281 97661

Accelerated growth zone - Marine 36527465 179338

Multifunctional zone I 39372965 145456

Multifunctional zone II 38267211 101540

Year 1981 1991 2001

Total workers 722,784 874,806 955,300

Total Main workers 648,825 804,738 808,965Total Marginal

workers 73,959 70,068 146,335Main -marginal

ration 8.7728 11.4851 5.5282

Average ratio 8.60

193



Table 14.17: Zone wise main workers - Projected

14.9.3 PROJECTED OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

The occupational structure of an area is deter-

mined by the constituent category of workers in the

area. Existing zone wise (2001) occupational structure

(based on main workers) existing is shown in Table

14.18.

Table 14.18 Existing occupational structure - 2001

Zone Total Workers 2021 ‐

Projected

Main Workers – 2021 ‐

Projected

Environmental Concern Zone 39259 35168

Intensive Agricultural Zone 330551 296110

Economic Development Corridor (EDC) 197356 176808

Accelerated growth zone - Industrial 137951 123585

Accelerated growth zone - Institutional97661 87485

Accelerated growth zone - Marine179338 160662


Multifunctional zone II 101540 90962

Zone Total Workers

2001

Main Workers –

2001

CultivatorsAgricultural Labourers

HH Industry Workers

Other Workers

Environmental Concern Zone 35472 29313 1899 2558.5 1051.5 23804Intensive Agricultural Zone 282661 236271 18711 38301.5 10757.5 168501Economic Development Corridor (EDC)

155340 129953 10616 13763 4934 100640Accelerated growth zone - Industrial 96302 80856 4402 6981 4500 64973Accelerated growth zone - Institutional 75105 64621 3382 5703 3369 52167Accelerated growth zone - Marine 127547 104514 2258 2935 8602 90719Multifunctional zone I 103234 94924 469 1222 3201 90032Multifunctional zone II

79576 68458 607 1498 3527 62826

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While calculating the future occupational struc-

ture of an area, the category of workers and their num-

ber in future is to be known. This in turn requires the

knowledge of the type of future development activi-

ties likely to happen in that area. The development

concept is an indication of it.

Table 14.19 : Zone wise Area & Population

Table 14.19 shows that intensive agricultural zone

constitute about 44.71 % of the total area of the District

and that this area accommodates 28.02 % of the total

population of District. This is a reflection of the thrust

given to agriculture and allied activities in the devel-

opment concept of the district.

The projected occupation structure of the district

is mainly based on the development concept derived

and projected population which is already explained.

As per development concept, we expect slight increase

in cultivators & agricultural labourers in Environmental

concern zone and high increase in cultivators & agricul-

tural labourers is expected in Intensive agricultural

zone. In 2001, the percentage of cultivators and

agricutural labourers in environmental concern zone is

6.48% and 8.73% respectively. The percentage of culti-

vators and agricutural labourers is increased to 7.5%

and 10% respectively in 2021. Similarly the percentage

of cultivators and agricutural labourers in environmen-

tal concern zone is increased to 16% and 32% in 2021

from the current values of 7.92% and 16.21% (2001 cen-

sus) respectively. Only a marginal increase in house

hold, industrial worker and other workers are expected

in these zones.

In the case of Economic Development Corridor

(EDC), Accelerated growth zone – Industrial, Acceler-

ated growth zone – Institutional and Accelerated

growth zone – Marine, we expect increase in industrial

& service sector workers as per development concept.

Similarly in Multifunction zones we expect high in-

No Zone Total Area % of Areaw.r.t District

Population in 2021

% of total population in

2021

1 Environmental concernzone 430.28 14.16 115468 3.39

2 Intensive agriculturalzone 1358.78 44.71 954248 28.02

3 Economic DevelopmentCorridor (EDC) 396.64 13.05 533394 15.66

4 Accelerated growth zone- Industrial 230.05 7.57 363030 10.66

5 Accelerated growth zone - Institutional 166.44 5.48 271281 7.97

6 Accelerated growth zone- Marine 244.34 8.04 527465 15.49

7 Multifunctional zone I 101.42 3.34 372965 10.958 Multifunctional zone II 111.02 3.65 267211 7.85

195



crease in tertiary workers. But at the same time we are

not providing much decrease in the agricultural

laboures and cultivators in that zone from the existing

occupation structure. The projected occupational struc-

Table 14.20 The projected occupational structure

ture of the district is as shown in Table 14.20.

Projected number of workers category wise is

shown in Table 14.21

A comparison of the projected occupational

structure (2021) and existing occupational structure is

given in Figures 14.20 and 14.21. From this, it is clear

that the percentage of cultivators and agricultural

labourers are 5% and 9% respectively in 2001. The per-

centage is increased to 7% and 12% respectively in 2021.

The percentages of House hold industrial workers also

show increasing trend in 2021.

Zone

Cultivators

2001Agri.Labour 2001

HH Indus.Wo

rkers 2001

Other Workers

2001 ImpactCultivators 2021

Agri.Labour

2021

HH Indus.Work

ers 2021

Other Workers

2021

Environmental concern

zone 6.48 8.73 3.59 81.21

Slight increase incultivators & agriculturallabourers 7.50 10.00 4.00 79.20

Intensive agricultural

zone 7.92 16.21 4.55 71.32

Increase in cultivators &agricultural labourers

16 32 4.55 47.45Economic

Development Corridor

(EDC) 8.17 10.59 3.80 77.44

Increase in industrial &service sector workers

7.17 9 5 78.83Accelerated

growth zone -Industrial 5.44 8.63 5.57 80.36

Increase in secondaryworkers & industrialworkers 4.44 7.63 8 79.93

Accelerated growth zone -Institutional 5.23 8.83 5.21 80.73

Increase in industrial &service sector workers

4.5 7.83 7 80.67Accelerated

growth zone -Marine 2.16 2.81 8.23 86.80

Increase in HH & servicesector workers

2 2 12 84Multifunction

al zone I 0.49 1.29 3.37 94.85Increase in tertiaryworkers 0.29 0.5 4 95.21

Multifunctional zone II 0.89 2.19 5.15 91.77

Increase in tertiaryworkers 0.5 1 5 93.5

14.10. INFERENCE

The tentative development concept formulated

for District Spatial Plan of Thrissur District has given due

respect to the unique cultural and heritage character of

district, optimum utilization of resources; self suffi-

ciency in production sectors, local economic growth and

above all conservation of environmentally sensitive

areas of the district. As per the development concept

thus derived, the district is divided in to eight develop-

ment zones and future hierarchy of each settlement

and node are set and a future transportation network

connecting the higher order settlements and nodes are

planned. A development zone is delineated by group-

ing the settlements possessing similar major economic

activity pattern as per the Spatial Analysis. In other

words, the thrust development sector of each Grama

Panchayat or Municipal Council is specified.

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Fig 14.20 Occupational Structure-2001 (Main Workers) Fig 14.21 Occupational Structure-2021 (Main Workers)

Table 14.21 : Projected no of Workers - 2021

The present declining trend in population growth

rate is expected to reverse during the plan period

mainly because of the change in trend of migration pat-

tern, ie from the exiting out migration trend into in

migration into the District due to the enhanced devel-

opments activities expected in the District. A popula-

ZONE

total main worker2001

Cultivators 2001

Agri.Labour 2001

HH Indus.Workers 2001

Other Workers

2001Cultivators

2021Agri.Labour

2021

HH Indus.Workers 2021

Other Workers

2021

total main

workers 2021

Environmental concern zone 29313 1899 25586 1052 23804 2638 3517 1407 27853 35168

Intensive agricultural

zone 236271 18711 38302 10758 168501 47378 94755 13473 140504 296110Economic

Development Corridor (EDC) 129953 10616 13763 4934 100640 12677 15913 8840 139378 176808

Accelerated growth zone -

Industrial 80856 4402 6981 4500 64973 5487 9430 9887 98781 123585Accelerated

growth zone -Institutional 64621 3382 5703 3369 52167 3937 6850 6124 70574 87485Accelerated

growth zone -Marine 104514 2258 2935 8602 90719 3213 3213 19279 134956 160662


12223201 90032 378 651 5212 124057 130298

Multifunctional zone II 68458 607 1498 3527 62826 455 910 4548 85049 90962District

808909 42343 72962 39942 653662 76162 135239 68770 821153 1101078

tion growth rate of 6.51% is expected in the District in

the plan period instead of a population growth rate of

4.21% that would have been possible if the present

trend of development continues. The future pattern of

population distribution within the district would be

such that it has more concentration in accelerated

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growth zones and multifunctional zones, less concen-

tration in intensive agricultural zone and even lesser in

Environmental concern zones. This is in conformity with

the development concept.

The work participation rate in Thrissur District is

expected to increase from 32.12% in 2001 to 36 % in

2021. The development proposals in agriculture sector

are a major component in increasing the work partici-

pation rate.

The boost in agricultural activities is expected to

arrest the dilution in the economic base of the District

in its rural areas.

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CHAPTER 15 >>

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIVES


Chapter – 15DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIVES

15.1. INTRODUCTION

Based on the issues, problems and potentials

evolved from the study of settlements and within the

frame work of the goals and objectives, the key sec-

tors, where planning interventions are required are

identified. We have the spatial structure of the district

which is evolved from the hierarchy of settlements,

connectivity and activity pattern. The environmental

aspects of the district are also studied. Based on the

above, and incorporating the spirit of the development

goals, development concept has been formulated. Sub-

sequently development zones were delineated, trans-

ferring the development concept into ground. Now,

based on the tentative development concept, devel-

opment policies have to be framed. This chapter at-

tempt to develop the General Policies and Strategies

for integrated and concept based planned development

of the District. The desirable directions of future de-

velopment of the district, evolved in the District Spa-

tial Plan are also summed up in this chapter.

The development concept derived for the dis-

trict aim at

Environmental protection and sustainable

development

Optimum utilisation of resources

Integration of primary, secondary and tertiary

sectors

Ensuring local economic development and

generation of better opportunities

Balanced development and equitable

distribution of facilities

Attain certain level of self sufficiency in

production sectors

15.2 GENERAL POLICIES AND STRATEGIES

Within the framework of Goals, Objectives and

the Development Concept the general District Devel-

opment Policy can be stated as

“To make the district a thriving economic

growth hub of the state by enhancing economy through

optimum utilization of resources while conserving its

environmentally sensitive areas where equitable dis-

tribution of facilities enable people to live a better qual-

ity life.”

15.3. DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES – 2021

Future development strategies for the district

have been formulated based on findings of analysis,

development concept and the development policy. In

view of the development policy the strategies are

grouped as follows:

1. Environmental Protection & Sustainable De-

velopment Strategies.

2. Strategies to enhance the economic growth

through optimum utilization of resources

3. Social welfare strategies/ Strategies for pro-

vision of equitable distribution of facilities

15.3.1 Environmental Protection & SustainableDevelopment Strategies

To attain long-term sustainability of natural re-

sources, the land utilization pattern must be designed

to ensure that the natural basis of living is sustained in

the long run, i.e. the use of land should correspond to

its natural potential. Environmental damage, already

occurred shall be mitigated and damaging develop-

ments shall be avoided in future.

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DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIVES District Spatial Plan - Thrissur


Surveillance of natural eco systems and unique

bio diversity in the western gaht reserve forest

area of the district.

Conservation of unique “kole land” areas which

act as food granaries within the district

Protecting flora, fauna, water and soil through

traditional methods.

Enhance the non conventional energy sources

like solar energy, tidal energy and wind energy.

Eco friendly, sustainable and judicial utilization

of natural resources and environmental wealth

of the district for local economic growth

through eco tourism, value added products,

extraction of resources within the carrying

capacity limits and so forth.

Prevention of reclamation/conversion of kole

land / paddy lands

Conservation of water bodies and natural

drainage networks.

Enhance the ground water recharging and

rainwater harvesting to improve the ground

water table and thus to solve water scarcity

problems of the district to the extent possible.

Abatement of water, air and noise pollution.

Developing efficient and sustainable solid

waste management system

15.3.2 Strategies to enhance the economic growththrough optimum utilization of resources

♦ Develop agricultural sector as one of the economic

bases of the District as most of the agricultural areas

of the district are concentrated in the intensive

agriculture zone of the district and general

character of most of the settlements are rural. This

can be achieved through:

Developing sustainable agriculture which

involves three aspects: an economically viable

agricultural production system, the

maintenance or enhancement of the natural

resource base and eco-systems affected by

agricultural activities, and the provision of

natural amenities, including landscapes.

Conversion of fallow land and waste land into

agricultural land

Restrict diversion of prime agricultural lands

for other purposes

Adoption of modernization techniques to

improve production of goods and thus to attain

certain level of self sufficiency in food crops.

Develop agro based industries and food

processing units in the Intensive Agricultural

Zone and increase the income of the district.

Create an administrative framework which can

promote integration.

Co-ordination of various agencies such as

environment, irrigation, agriculture and soil

and water conservation etc.

♦♦♦♦♦ Develop animal husbandry sector complemen-tary to agricultural sector through

Augmenting the production potentialities of

livestock and poultry and thus increasing the

production of milk, egg and meat.

Providing necessary and timely modern

veterinary assistance and health cover to the

livestock and poultry.

Improve infrastructure facilities; implement

schemes for the development of livestock and

poultry products for self sufficiency.

Restoration and protection of grazing lands

♦ Develop tourism as a major sector of economy

through various measures such asImprove infrastructure facilities and

connectivity network

Make proper waste management plants/

systems in tourist centers.

Provide Guided Tours.

Build better co-ordination between line

departments and agencies for time bound

implementation of tourism projects.

Start tourism study centre.

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Protect beach area from natural threats.

Harness the direct and multiplier effects of

tourism for employment generation, economic

development and providing impetus to rural

tourism.

Focus on domestic tourism as a major driver of

tourism growth;

Acknowledge the critical role of private sector

with government working as a pro-active

facilitator and catalyst.

Create and develop integrated tourism circuits

based on India’s unique civilization, heritage

and culture in partnership with States, private

sector and other agencies

♦ Develop fisheries sector to enhance local

economic growth through various measures

such as

Promote fish markets, fish preservation and

production units, export and import of marine

products, ice plants, aquaculture farms,

ornamental fish trading units, fish seed farms,

fish farmers clubs, value added marine

product outlet units, development of fish

harbour & boat building yards, production and

maintenance units of machineries in the

‘accelerated growth zone – marine’ of the

district.

Increase salt water fishing harvest

Training in inland fish farming, maintenance

of fishing equipment, and in fishing skills.

Improve equipment availability to fishermen

♦ Developing Thrissur-Kochi corridor as anEconomic Development Corridor throughvarious measures such as

Promoting industries, industrial parks, Special

Economic Zones (SEZ’s), IT & Info Parks, Quality

Education and Health care institutions etc

Enhance the small scale and house hold

industrial activities which support value

addition of agriculture, fisheries and marine

products.

Provision of trained manpower in par with the

anticipated demand due to industrial growth

Need to preserve the environment and ensure

the efficient use of available resources in a

prominent way.

15.3.3. Social welfare strategies/ Strategies forprovision of equitable distribution of facilities

Safeguard the individual rights of every person

in view of the principle that every human being

has the right to live and enjoy the basic

necessities of life

Planning and preparedness to prevent or

mitigate the effects of problems encountered

by vulnerable populations.

Develop, at different levels, the appropriate

specific social policies and strategies

To monitor the economic, socio-cultural,

political and technological interests of the

population, paying special attention to the

needs and rights of minorities.

Developing indicators and quality standards in

order to measure and evaluate the impact of

social welfare/social security programmes and

implementing programmes to fill the gaps

identified

Providing a hierarchial system of settlements/

nodes supported with a network of transport

corridors so as to ensure equitable distribution

of facilities in the district

15.4 DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIVES

The district spatial plan for Thrissur aim at planned

sustainable and integrated spatial development of the

district. In connection with the preparation of the Plan

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detailed studies of the profile and regional setting of

the district, trend and level of urbanization in the dis-

trict, economic base and regional connectivity of the

district etc were conducted leading to evolution of func-

tional character and hierarchy of settlements of the dis-

trict. Further the activity pattern of each Local Govern-

ment is evolved by integrating urban profile (urban/

non urban), functional character (Urban/Semi Urban/

Semi Rural/Rural) and land use concentration pattern

(Urban/Agricultural/Plantation /forest) of Local Govern-

ments in the district. The spatial structure of the dis-

trict is evolved by integrating the activity pattern, re-

gional connectivity and hierarchy of settlements. The

development goals and objectives of the district were

derived based on findings of various studies. The ten-

tative development concept of the district is formu-

lated by synthesis of findings of studies in the orbit of

goals and objectives over the district platform. The de-

velopment concept so derived will provide the required

frame work for integrated development of the district.

Broad development policy for the district and the strat-

egies to achieve them were also framed. The develop-

ment directions of Thrissur district evolved in the Dis-

trict Spatial Plan for the district are consolidated here-

under:

15.4.1 Future Urban Profile

Following local governments are expected to

define the future urban profile of the District.








8. Valappad

9. Edavilangu

10. Pavaratty

11. Adat

12. Manalur

13. Cherpu

14. Eriyad


16. Methala

17. Puukkad

18. Mala

The likely future urban profile of the district

evolved is shown in the table 15.1

LSGs adjacent to Thrissur Municipal Corporation

and those along the National High way can be assumed

to attain urban status in the next 10 years and the re-

maining LSGs to become urban within the next 20 years.

Five LSGs (Adat Grama Panchayat, Pavaratty Grama

Panchayat, Eriyad Grama Panchayat, Mala Grama

Panchayat, Methala Grama Panchayat) will attain ur-

ban status in 2011 and six LSGs (Edavilangu Grama

Panchayat, Valappad Grama Panchayat,

Sreenarayanapuram Grama Panchayat, Pudukkad

Grama Panchayat, Manalur Grama Panchayat, Cherpu

Grama Panchayat) will attain urban status in 2021.

The future urban profile of Thrissur District show-

ing the existing urban local governments and the LSGs

that will attain urban status by 2011 and by 2021 is rep-

resented in Fig 8.9 of Chapter 8.

15.4.2 Development zones and functions of settle-ments

a. Development zones

The tentative development concept formulated

for Thrissur District has given due respect to the unique

cultural and heritage character of the district, optimum

utilization of resources, self sufficiency in production

202



Table 15.1: Future urban profile of the District

sectors, local economic growth and above all conserva-

tion of environmentally sensitive areas of the district.

As per the development concept thus derived, the dis-

trict is divided into eight development zones and fu-

ture hierarchy of each settlement and node are set and

a future transportation network connecting the higher

order settlements and nodes are planned (See fig 14.9

of Chapter 14). A development zone is delineated by

grouping the settlements possessing similar major eco-

nomic activity pattern as per the settlement studies. In

other words, the thrust development sector of each

Grama Panchayat or Municipal Council is specified.

The Development Zones evolved for Thrissur dis-

trict and the nature of developments suggested in each

zone are as given in Table 15.2.

The Development Zone in which each local gov-

ernment of the district is included is given in Annexe

18.

b. Functions of settlements

The function of a settlement is determined by

combining the effect of activity pattern and the zones

which are derived from the development concept. The

proposed major functions of settlements in Thrissur

district derived through integrating their existing ac-

tivity pattern and the nature of developments sug-

gested in the development zone(s) in which they are

included are as given hereunder:

Whatever may be the major function identified

for a settlement, if any part of the settlement fall in

Environmental Concern Zone, developments that may

adversely affect the environmental concerns of that

zone shall not be permitted in such parts . In the case of

Environmental Concern Zone along coastal areas regu-

lations like CRZ will be applicable. In the case of kole

lands and other wet lands included in Environmental

Concern Zone, agriculture and allied activities that are

non detrimental to the environmental concerns of the

area are allowable. Forest related primary activities

including eco tourism; Aromatic & Medicinal plant pro-

duction, aforestation, plantation etc will be permitted

in non forest areas of Environmental Concern Zone

along eastern high land areas of the district.

Existing Urban areas Future probable urban areas




Irinjalakkuda Municipal Council

Kodungallur Municipal Council

Guruvayur Municipal Council

Chavakkad Municipal Council

1. Valappad

2. Edavilangu

3. Pavaratty

4. Adat

5. Manalur

6. Cherpu

7. Eriyad


9. Mehtala

10. Pudukkad

11. Mala

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Table 15.2 – Nature of developments suggested in various development zones

Thrissur Municipal Corporation falls in the

Multifunction zone I and the main activity of

Thrissur Municipal Corporation is tertiary

activity and will act as a service centre for the

entire district and will be seat of Higher order

facilities like super specialty hospitals/other

major health institutions, five star hotels, IT

parks, educational facilities etc. Besides,

Thrissur Municipal Corporation acts as cultural

centre of District as well as the state. Thrissur

Municipal Corporation has also good role in

industrial sector also. This zone is surrounded

by intensive agriculture zone. So agro and allied

industries like processing units, value addition

units etc in this connection also have potential.

Suitable projects and programmes are to be

implemented to exploit the urban potential of

this zone.

Municipal towns of Guruvayoor, Irinjalakkuda,

Kodungalloor, Kunnamkulam, Chavakkad and

Grama Panchayats of Eriyad and Methala fall in

Multifunction Zone II. Here the basic function

is tertiary activities of second order. These LSGs

will act as a service centers for the respective

hinter lands and is very much suitable for

industries utilizing agricultural produces of

Sl.No Development Zones Nature of developments suggested

1 Environmental Concern Zone Developments that will not adversely affect the environmental concerns of the area viz.cultivation, forest related primary activities including eco tourism; Aromatic & Medicinal plant cultivation, aforestation, plantation etc. as the case may be.

2 Intensive Agricultural Zone Agriculture related activities, Small scale industries promotevalue addition of production from agriculture and animalhusbandry ie production units, chocolate production, coirindustry, oil factory, Milk societies, Cattle feed etc

3 Economic Development Corridor(EDC) Large and medium scale industries, industrial park, , QualityEducation and Health service institutions etc.

4 Accelerated Growth Zone – Industrial Large and small scale and house hold industrial activities which support value addition of agriculture, fisheries and marine products

5 Accelerated Growth Zone –Institutional

Infrastructure facilities including Hospitals, Health Institutions and educational facilities, industries etc.

6 Accelerated Growth Zone – Marine Industries accelerate marine products, fishing etc.

7 Multifunction Zone I First order service activities, IT parks, Tourism, banking,infrastructure facilities, Real estate, textile, gold industry, Printingindustry, brick and tile industry etc

8 Multifunction Zone II Second order service activities, tourism, banking, infrastructurefacilities, Real estate, textile, Printing industry, brick and tileindustry etc

204



hinter land. Second order Service activities,

Tourism, banking, infrastructure facilities, Real

estate, textile Industry, Printing industry, brick

and tile industry etc will be promoted here.

Grama Panchayats of Kadavallur, Chelakkara,

Desamangalam, Elavally, Erumapetty,

Kadangode, Kandanassery, Kondazhy, Kuzhur,

Madakkathara ,Mulloorkara, Nadathara, Panjal,

Pariyaram, Pazhayannoor, Pookkode,

Thekkumkara, Thiruvilwamala,

Vadakkancherry, Vadakkekkad, Vallathol Nagar,

Varavoor and Velur fall fully in Intensive

Agriculture Zone. These Grama Panchayats will

specialize in primary agriculture and allied

activities. Tertiary service sector activities

including eco tourism, farm tourism etc which

are in conformity in the zone can also be

promoted.

Portions of Grama Panchayats of Arimpur,

Athirapilly, Chazur, Kattakampal, Kodassery,

Pananchery, Porkulam, Punnayur,

Punnayurkulam, Puthur, Tholur,

Varantharappilly that fall in Intensive

Agriculture Zone are in Environmental Concern

Zone. Agriculture and allied activities that are

non detrimental to the environmental

concerns of the area are allowable here.

Grama Panchayats of Avanur, Avinissery,

Karalam, Mala, Mulamkunnathukavu,

Mundathokode, Paralam, Poomangalam,

Poyya, Vallachira fall, fully in Accelerated

Growth Zone – Industries. Grama Panchayats

of Kodakara and Nenmanikkara fall, fully in

Economic Development Corridor (EDC). Some

areas of Puthenchira and Vellangallur grama

panchayats fall in EDC and the remaining

portion of these grama panchayats fall in

Accelerated Growth Zone – Industries. These

Grama Panchayats may specialise in micro,

small, medium and large industries to trigger

the development impulses with priority to

value addition of primary production

(agriculture, marine etc…) and local resources.

Non polluting service sector industries like IT

can also be promoted. Tertiary/service sector

activities to support secondary sector activities

are also promoted. Large and medium scale

industries, industrial park, IT & Info Parks,

Quality Education and Health service

institutions etc are suggested in LSGs along

Economic Development Corridor (EDC).

Kaiparamba Grama Panchayat is in the

Accelerated Growth Zone – Institutional. The

Grama Panchayat will specialize in service

sector institutions like health, education,

research and training along the transportation

corridors and primary agriculture activity in

hinter land area.

Grama Panchayats of Orumanayoor & Pavaratty

fall, fully in Accelerated Growth Zone Marine.

These Grama Panchayats will specialize in

production, value addition and marketing of

marine produces and all allied activities. Also

portions of Grama Panchayats of Edathuruthy,

Edavilangu, Engadiur, Kadappuram,

Kaippamangalam, Mathilakom, Nattia,

Perinjanam, Sreenarayanapuram, Thalikulam,

Vadanappally and Valappad that are not in

Environmental Concern Zone are in Accelerated

Growth Zone Marine. In such areas, Marine

Activities viz. production, value addition and

marketing of marine produces, allied tertiary

sector developments (trade & commerce) are

proposed. Agricultural activities will be

continued in potential agricultural areas.

Grama Panchayats of Kattur & Padiyur fall partly

in Accelerated Growth Zone Marine & partly in

Accelerated Growth Zone - Industrial and

hence the proposed function of these LSGs is

Secondary Activity with supporting Tertiary

Activities. Accelerated industrial

development, mainly focusing on marine

205



produces with supporting developments in

trade and commerce are suggested in these

LSGs.

Kolazhy Grama Panchayat falls in Accelerated

Growth Zone - Institutional & Accelerated

Growth Zone - Industrial. The proposed

function of the Grama Panchayat is secondary

activity with supporting tertiary activity. We can

promote secondary sector industrial activity

together with supporting tertiary service sector

activities like industrial training institutions etc.

Grama Panchayats of Choondal & Chowannur

fall in Accelerated Growth Zone Institutional &

Intensive agriculture zone and hence the

proposed major function of these LSGs is

Secondary Activity with supporting primary

Activities. These Grama Panchayats will

specialize in service sector institutions like

health, education, research and training along

the transportation corridors and primary

agriculture activity in hinter land area

production, value addition and marketing of

marine produces and all allied activities.

Portion of Porathissery Grama Panchayat that

falls in Accelerated Growth Zone - Industries is

in Environmental Concern Zone. Similarly

Portion of Velukkara Grama Panchayat that falls

in Economic Development Corridor and

Accelerated Growth Zone - Industries is in

Environmental Concern Zone. The proposed

functions of the Grama Panchayats are

secondary activity, but in areas that fall in

Environmental Concern Zone, any

developments that may adversely affect the

environment shall not be permitted.

The activity pattern of Grama Panchayats of

Muriyad and Cherppu is primary activity

(Agriculture). At the same time, Muriyad Grama

Panchayat is included in Intensive agricultural

zone, Economic Development Corridor (EDC),

Accelerated growth zone-industrial and

Environmental Concern Zone. Similarly

Cherppu Grama Panchayat falls in Intensive

Agriculture Zone, Accelerated Growth Zone-

Industrial and Environmental Concern Zone.

Therefore function of these two grama

panchayats derived is primary activity with

support to secondary activity.

Grama Panchayats of Alagappa Nagar, Alur,

Annamanada, Kadukutty, Koratty, Melur,

Parappukkara, Pudukkad and Thrikkur are along

Economic Development Corridor (EDC).

However, considerable portions of these LSGs

are in the Intensive agriculture zone. So the

main function of these LSGs is primary activity.

Secondary activities which support the

agriculture related activities will be promoted

here. Promotion of large and medium scale

industries, industrial park, IT & Info Parks,

Quality Education and Health service

institutions etc are suggested along Economic

Development Corridor (EDC).

Grama Panchayats of Manalur, Mullassery,

Thaikkad, Thanniyam Anthikkad and

Venkitanghu fall in Intensive agriculture zone

& Accelerated Growth Zone- Marine. The basic

function of these Grama Panchayats is primary

along with secondary. The agriculture related

activities along with Industrial activities

support Marine activities viz. production, value

addition and marketing of marine produces and

agriculture activities can be promoted here.

Portions of Anthikkad and Venkitanghu Grama

Panchayats fall in Environmental Concern Zone

also. The basic function of these Grama

Panchayats is primary along with secondary.

The agriculture related activities along with

Industrial activities support Marine activities

viz. production, value addition and marketing

of marine produces and agriculture activities

can be promoted here.

206



Figure 15.1 Function of settlement – Thrissur District

The activity pattern of Adat Grama Panchayat

is primary activity. The Grama Panchayat is

included in Intensive agriculture zone,

Accelerated growth zone-Institutional and

Environmental concern zone. The basic function

of the Grama Panchayat is derived as primary

activity. Tertiary sector activities will be

promoted in the Institutional Growth Zone.

The activity pattern of Mattathur Grama

Panchayat is primary activity (Plantation). The

Grama Panchayat is included in Intensive

agriculture zone, Economic Development

Corridor (EDC) and Environmental concern

zone. The basic function of the Grama

panchayat is primary activity because major

portion falls in the Intensive agriculture zone.

Chalakudy Municipal Council is one among the

five sub-regional centers proposed in the district. Hence

the proposed function of the Municipal Council is Ter-

tiary Activity, even though the Municipal Council is in-

cluded in the Development Zones of Intensive Agricul-

ture Zone and Economic Development Corridor (EDC).

15.4.3 Hierarchy of settlements

Balanced development of the district and equi-

table distribution of facilities to its population are aimed

at in the Plan. Hence a hierarchial system of settlements

is proposed in the district with one regional centre, 5

sub – regional centers and 7 service centers. The future

hierarchy of settlement of the district evolved shows

that Thrissur Municipal Corporation is the regional cen-

tre of the District. Chalakkudy Municipal Council,

Irinjalakkuda Municipal Council, Kunnamkulam Munici-

pal Council and Grama Panchayats of Chelakkara and

Mattathur are the proposed sub – regional centers.


207



Fig. 15.2 Suggested hierarchy of settlements



are the proposed service centers. The suggested hier-

archy of settlements is as shown in figure 15.2.

The service area of the regional centre is the en-

tire Thrissur District. The service area and service popu-

lation of the sub-regional centers and service centers

is given in Annexe 15.

15.4.4 Future Connectivity

Equitable distribution of facilities to the district

population calls for proper connectivity between settle-

ments of different hierarchies. Existing transportation

network need to be augmented by way of upgrading,

providing new linkages etc. Incorporating the spatial

distribution of settlements of different hierarchies with

the existing transportation network, a conceptual road

network is evolved for the district as shown in figure

9.5 of Chapter 9. The conceptual road network thus

evolved is superimposed over the existing road net

work to suggest proposed road network for the Dis-

trict.

The proposed district road network contains

mainly following types of roads:

1. Ring Road around Thrissur Municipal Corporation

2. Radial Roads (1st order Road) – connecting Regional

Centre with Sub-Regional Centers

3. Loop connecting Sub-Regional Centers

4. Roads connecting loop road with service centres.

5. By Pass Roads.

Some routes of radial roads, loop roads and by-

passes are suggested in the road network by consider-

ing the hierarchy of settlements. As far as the linkage

between the Regional Centre and Sub-Regional Cen-

ters is concerned, there already exists a radial pattern

of roads which support the planning concept of road

208



network for a first order settlement which is centrally

located.

The proposed district road network is shown in

figure 9.6 of Chapter 9.

15.4.5 Future Population Content & Work Partici-pation rate

The population of Thrissur district is analyzed

based on various parameters like population density,

population growth rate, population concentration pat-

tern etc. The spatial agglomeration pattern of popula-

tion clearly shows that the transportation corridors,

especially the national highways, passing through the

district play a crucial role in formulating the spatial con-

centration pattern of population. Other determinants

are social and physical character of coastal areas, near-

ness to existing urban areas etc.

Three distinct zones can be earmarked based on

the distribution of the gross population density. The

eastern high land region of the district shows the least

gross population density value of less than 750 popula-

tion/sq km. The LSGs in the mid land region is having a

gross population density range of 750-1500 people/sq

km. The highest population density is seen in the coastal

belt of the district which falls in the range 1500-3200

people/sq km.

When projected based on trend, the population

of the district will be 3,286,439 by 2021(growth rate

4.21%). But as per the district development concept,

accelerated growth of population is envisaged in some

of the development zones on account of the develop-

ment anticipated in those zones. Based on the district

development concept natural growth in Environmen-

tal Concern Zone, enhanced growth in Intensive Agri-

cultural Zone, moderate enhanced growth along Eco-

nomic Development Corridor (EDC) & Accelerated

Growth Zone – Institutional, high enhanced growth in

Accelerated Growth Zone – Industrial & Multifunctional

Zones of the district are expected. A reversion in the

trend of out migration from the district is expected

through planned interventions. So the 2021 population

of the district is projected to be 3,405,062 with an in-

Table 15.3: Zone wise population in 2021

209



creased growth rate of 6.51%. Table 15.3 gives the dis-

tribution of future population in various development

zones of the district.

The existing occupational structure of the district

clearly shows that there is a declining trend in the pro-

duction sector and increasing trend in service sector.

Secondary sector also takes a determinant role in the

district’s economy. It is observed that rural areas of the

district are slowly withdrawing from primary sector and

started depending more on the service sector. The

boundary distinguishing the character of rural and ur-

ban areas is narrowing down.

It is clear that primary workers are more concen-

trated in high land region and some mid land LSGS. Sec-

ondary workers are concentrated in the mid land re-

gion and some coastal LSGS and the tertiary workers

are more concentrated in and around the urban areas.

The projected occupation structure of the district

is mainly based on the development concept derived

and projected population which is already explained.

As per the likely impact in the occupational structure

due to future developments, increase in work force is

expected in 7 out of the 8 development zones. The work

participation rate in Thrissur District is expected to in-

crease from 32.12% in 2001 to 36% in 2021. The pro-

jected occupational structure is given in Table 15.4.

The occupation structure of Thrissur district

clearly shows that the percentage of cultivators and

agricultural labourers are 5% and 9% respectively in

2001. And it is increased to 7% and 12% respectively in

2021. The percentage of House hold industrial workers

also show increasing trend (5% in 2001 & 6% in 2021) in

2021. The development proposals in agriculture sector

are a major component in increasing the work partici-

pation rate. The boost in agricultural activities is ex-

pected to arrest the dilution in the economic base of

the District in its rural areas.

Table 15.4: Projected no of workers - Zone wise in 2021

ZONETotal

workers Total main workers

Cultivators Agri.Labour HH

Indus.WorkersOther

Workers

Environmental concern zone 39259 35168 2638 3517 1407 27853

Intensive agricultural zone

330551 296110 47378 94755 13473 140504Economic

Development Corridor (EDC)

197356 176808 12677 15913 8840 139378Accelerated growth

zone - Industrial137951 123585 5487 9430 9887 98781

Accelerated growth zone - Institutional

97661 87485 3937 6850 6124 70574Accelerated growth

zone - Marine179338 160662 3213 3213 19279 134956

Multifunctional zone I 145456 130298 378 651 5212 124057Multifunctional zone II 101540 90962 455 910 4548 85049

District1229112 1101078 76162 135239 68770 821153

210

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ANNEXES >>

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur ANNEXE


Sl.No Name of LSGI Sl.No Name of LSGI

1 Chowwannur Block

2 Kadavallur

3 Chowwannur

4 Porkulam

5 Kattakampal

6 Kandanassery

7 Choondal

8 Wadakkanchery Block

9 kandangode

10 Varavoor

11 Desamangalam

12 Erumapetty

13 Mullurkara

14 Thekkumkara

15 Wadakkanchery

16 Velur

17 Mundathikode

18 Pazhayannur Block

19 Vallathol Nagar

20 Panjal

21 Kondazhy

22 Thiruvilwamala

23 Pazhayannur

24 Chelakkara

25 Chavakkad Block

26 Punnayurkulam

27 Vadakkekad

28 Punnayur

29 Orumanayur

30 kadappuram

31 Pookode

32 Thaikkad

33 Talikkulam Block

34 Engandiyur

35 Vadanappally

36 Talikkulam

37 Nattika

38 Valappad

39 Ollurkkara Block

40 Madakkathara

41 Kolazhy

42 Pananchery

43 Puthur

44 Nadathara

45 Mullassery Block

46 Elavally

47 Mullassery

48 Venkitangu

49 Pavaratty

50 Puzhakkal Block

51 Kaiparamba

52 Avanur

53 Mulamkunnathukavu

54 Tholur

55 Adat

56 Arimpur

57 Anthicad Block

58 Manalur

59 Anthicad

60 Chazhoor

61 Thanniyam

62 Cherpu Block

63 Paralam

64 Cherpu

65 Vallachira

66 Avinissery

67 Mathilakam Block

68 Edathiruthy

69 Kaipamangalam

70 Perinjanam

71 Mathilakam


73 Kodungallur Block

74 Edavilangu

75 Eriyad

76 Methala

ANNEXE - 1

LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENTS IN THRISSUR DISTRICT

211

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ANNEXE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur


77 Mala Block78 Poyya79 Alur80 Mala81 Annamanada82 Kuzhur83 Irinjalakuda Block84 Kattur85 Karalam86 Porathissery87 Parappukkara88 Muriyad89 Kodakara Block90 Nenmanikkara91 Trikkur92 Alagappanagar93 Varandarappilly94 Puthukkad95 Kodakara96 Mattathur

97 Vellangallur Block98 Poomangalam99 Vellookkara100 Padiyur101 Vellangallur102 Puthenchira103 Chalakudy Block104 Kodassery105 Pariyaram106 Kadakkutty107 Melur108 Koratty109 Athirappally110 Chalakkudy Municipal Council111 Chavakkad Municipal Council112 Guruvayur Municipal Council113 Irinjalakkuda Municipal Council114 Kodungallur Municipal Council115 Kunnamkulam Municipal Council116 Thrissur Municipal Corporation

212



DISTRICT WISE AND SECTOR-WISE DISTRIBUTION OFGROSS STATE DOMESTIC PRODUCT DURING

2008- 2009 AT CONSTANT (1999-2000) PRICES (QUICK ESTIMATE)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Thiruvananthapuram 1280.55 1.44 3964.91 9.94 9696.23 6.8

2 Kollam 1541.07 1.39 2036.08 10.15 6397.27 7.06

3 Pathanamthitta 903.45 0.54 877.1 10.36 3540.86 7.56

4 Alappuzha 876.67 0.8 2072.35 10.04 5806.36 7

5 Kottayam 1602.09 0.46 1860.99 10.09 6031.92 7.31

6 Idukki 1139.26 0.34 812.9 8.7 2401.95 7.04

7 Eranakulam 1587.89 0.72 7599.91 9.97 10751.26 7.57

8 Thrissur 1169.87 0.9 3443.72 10.38 8724.47 7.27

9 Palakkad 1446.3 0.82 2622.44 9.51 6140.34 6.68

10 Malappuram 1380.25 0.92 2201.52 10.94 6721.71 6.47

11 Kozhikode 1197.41 0.97 3040.91 10.94 7699.95 6.81

12 Wayanad 589.19 0.38 350.36 10.66 1500.57 6.78

13 Kannur 1095.67 0.74 2239.47 11.09 6408.23 6.7

14 Kasaragod 978.4 0.44 707.14 11.52 2762.5 7.1

STATE 16788.07 0.81 33829.8 10.25 84584.62 7.02

Primary Secondary Tertiary

Sl. No. District GDDPAnnual Growth

Rate (%) GDDPAnnual Growth

Rate (%) GDDPAnnual

Growth Rate(%)

Source: Department of Economics and Statistic

ANNEXE - 2

213



POPULATION PROJECTION –KERALA

The population of the State is calculated based on the decreasing rate method since the growth rate of

population of the State has been decreasing for the last four decades. The tables below (Table-1) show the

population details of Kerala over a century.

Table 1: Population of Kerala

1901 6396262

1911 7147673 11.75

1921 7802127 9.16 -22.06

1931 9507050 21.85 138.66

1941 11031541 16.04 -26.62

1951 13549118 22.82 42.32

1961 16903715 24.76 8.49

1971 21347375 26.29 6.18

1981 25453680 19.24 -26.83

1991 29098518 14.32 -25.56

2001 31841374 9.43 -34.17

Year Totalpopulation Growth rate

% Decrease inPopulation

Growth rate

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.001911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

The variation in the growth rate of population over a century is shown in the figure-1

Series 111.75 9.16 21.85 16.04 22.82 24.76 26.29 1924 14.32 9.43

ANNEXE - 3

214



The projected population growth rate is shown in the figure 2

Figure-2: Projected Growth rate of population - Kerala

The projected population details are shown in the table -2

Table – 2 Projected Population of KERALA

Year Totalpopulation Growth rate

% Decrease inPopulation

Growth rate

1901 6396262

1911 7147673 11.75

1921 7802127 9.16 -22.06

1931 9507050 21.85 138.66

1941 11031541 16.04 -26.62

1951 13549118 22.82 42.32

1961 16903715 24.76 8.49

1971 21347375 26.29 6.18

1981 25453680 19.24 -26.83

1991 29098518 14.32 -25.56

2001 31841374 9.43 -34.17

2011 33817196 6.21 -34.17

2021 35198589 4.08 -34.17

215



CONCENTRATION INDEX OF WORKERS

Sl.No Name of LSG Agriculture HH Industrial Cultivators Otherlabourers Workers Workers

1 Adat 0.861 0.931 0.932 1.029

2 Alagappanagar 0.836 0.577 1.189 1.039

3 Alur 1.195 0.571 2.412 0.904

4 Annamanada 1.657 0.378 2.179 0.865

5 Anthikkad 1.063 1.088 1.051 0.982

6 Arimpur 1.454 0.659 1.024 0.954

7 Athirappilly 0.472 0.296 0.326 1.169

8 Avanur 1.141 1.080 1.196 0.961

9 Avinissery 0.375 1.154 0.237 1.133

10 Chalakkudy (MC) 0.607 0.513 0.827 1.101

11 Chavakkad (MC) 0.070 1.240 0.094 1.181

12 Chazhur 2.132 0.542 1.090 0.859

13 Chelakkara 3.096 0.678 1.835 0.659

14 Cherpu 0.874 2.313 0.592 0.960

15 Choondal 1.464 0.995 1.219 0.918

16 Chowannur 1.155 1.014 1.568 0.938

17 Desamangalam 2.151 0.941 1.534 0.800

18 Edavilangu 0.117 3.095 0.189 1.047

19 Elavally 0.701 1.812 0.745 1.008

20 Engandiyur 0.100 0.864 0.524 1.172

21 Eriyad 0.117 1.894 0.060 1.134

22 Erumapetty 0.976 1.316 1.383 0.957

23 Edathiruthy 0.472 1.139 0.544 1.099

24 Guruvayur (MC) 0.088 0.613 0.116 1.218

25 Irinjalakkuda (MC) 0.204 0.936 0.242 1.172

26 Kadangode 1.787 1.054 1.399 0.855

27 Kadapuram 0.087 0.653 0.268 1.206

28 Kadavallur 1.496 1.009 1.284 0.908

29 Kadukkutty 0.825 0.281 1.549 1.035

30 Kaipamangalam 0.064 3.166 0.210 1.048

31 Kaiparamba 0.786 1.001 1.077 1.026

32 Kandanissery 0.660 1.328 0.909 1.034

33 Karalam 1.199 0.503 1.557 0.966

34 Kattakampal 1.322 0.798 1.169 0.955

35 Kattur 0.969 0.563 0.718 1.052

36 Kodakara 1.160 0.939 2.406 0.885

37 Kodassery 1.916 0.584 1.889 0.833

ANNEXE - 4

216



38 Kodungallur (MC) 0.214 0.890 0.190 1.17739 Kolazhy 0.617 0.546 0.795 1.09940 Kondhazhi 3.622 0.723 2.363 0.54341 Koratty 1.327 0.653 1.318 0.95342 Kunnamkulam (MC) 0.579 0.978 0.361 1.10643 Kuzhur 1.229 0.518 1.931 0.93544 Madakkathara 1.230 0.847 1.460 0.94545 Mala 0.894 0.500 1.645 1.00446 Manalur 0.732 0.842 0.670 1.07247 Mathilakam 0.173 3.208 0.534 1.00848 Mattathur 1.581 0.599 2.219 0.85949 Melur 2.072 0.411 1.782 0.82950 Methala 0.050 0.939 0.037 1.20851 Mulamkkunnathukkavu 0.756 0.618 0.750 1.07752 Mullassery 1.805 1.217 1.214 0.85453 Mullurkkara 1.687 0.914 1.437 0.87654 Mundathikode 1.327 0.918 1.415 0.93055 Muriyad 1.421 0.903 1.509 0.91056 Nadathara 0.664 0.643 1.017 1.07157 Nattika 0.470 1.074 0.466 1.10958 Nenmanikkara 0.589 1.972 0.466 1.03359 Orumanayur 0.043 0.941 0.148 1.20160 Padiyur 1.128 0.804 1.094 0.98861 Pananchery 1.604 0.386 1.763 0.90062 Panjal 2.845 0.781 1.442 0.71563 Paralam 1.638 2.409 1.589 0.77564 Parappukkara 1.188 1.936 1.309 0.89065 Pariyaram 2.005 0.321 2.069 0.82566 Pavaratty 0.084 1.018 0.155 1.19067 Pazhayannur 3.370 0.717 2.204 0.59168 Perinjanam 0.058 1.997 0.101 1.13369 Pookode 0.271 1.395 0.174 1.13670 Poomangalam 0.973 0.822 1.250 0.99971 Porathissery 1.286 1.076 1.087 0.94772 Porkulam 1.752 0.548 1.381 0.89473 Poyya 0.317 0.326 0.696 1.16474 Pudukkad 0.862 0.702 1.506 1.00575 Punnayur 0.364 1.057 0.497 1.12376 Punnayurkulam 1.283 1.005 0.903 0.96577 Puthenchira 1.598 0.505 2.004 0.877

217



78 Puthur 0.928 1.007 1.554 0.97279 Sreenarayanapuram 0.076 3.532 0.250 1.02080 Thaikkad 0.267 1.190 0.193 1.14981 Thalikulam 0.318 1.063 0.514 1.12882 Thanniyam 1.148 0.867 1.138 0.97883 Thekkumkkara 1.870 0.800 2.009 0.81884 Thiruvilwamala 2.413 2.641 1.304 0.66685 Tholur 1.385 1.241 1.596 0.88886 Thrikkur 1.059 0.974 1.157 0.98287 Thrissur Municipal Corporation 0.164 0.665 0.103 1.20588 Vadakkekad 0.636 0.678 0.564 1.10489 Vadanappilly 0.305 1.008 0.308 1.14890 Valappad 0.192 1.659 0.312 1.12191 Vallachira 0.849 0.806 0.561 1.06592 Vallatholenagar 1.490 0.874 0.934 0.94193 Varandarappilly 0.798 0.737 1.276 1.02894 Varavoor 2.489 0.942 1.375 0.76195 Vellangallur 0.782 0.319 0.756 1.09396 Velukkara 1.327 0.585 1.961 0.91497 Velur 2.166 1.020 1.198 0.81598 Venkitangu 0.805 1.303 0.734 1.02799 Wadakkanchery 1.038 0.850 1.041 1.001

218



ACTIVITY PATTERN OF WORKERS

Sl. No Name of LSG CI of Primary CI of Secondary CI of Teritiary Activity Pattern

1 Adat 0.678 1.185 1.075 S+T

2 Alagappanagar 0.768 1.708 0.786 S

3 Alur 1.296 0.975 0.863 P

4 Annamanada 1.497 0.940 0.779 P

5 Anthikkad 1.210 0.638 1.063 T+P

6 Arimpur 1.010 0.842 1.069 T+P

7 Athirappilly 2.934 0.259 0.375 P

8 Avanur 0.842 1.369 0.907 S

9 Avinissery 0.317 1.779 0.979 S

10 Chalakkudy (MC) 0.573 0.989 1.219 S+T

11 Chavakkad (MC) 0.618 1.203 1.097 S+T

12 Chazhur 1.562 0.555 0.926 P

13 Chelakkara 2.006 0.508 0.725 P

14 Cherpu 0.672 1.324 1.014 S+T

15 Choondal 1.021 1.046 0.968 S+P

16 Chowannur 0.897 1.065 1.021 S+T

17 Desamangalam 1.597 0.691 0.845 P

18 Edathiruthy 0.844 0.875 1.136 T

19 Edavilangu 0.784 1.697 0.783 S

20 Elavally 0.645 1.343 1.018 S+T

21 Engandiyur 1.112 0.493 1.181 T+P

22 Eriyad 0.945 1.311 0.882 S

23 Erumapetty 0.887 1.279 0.927 S

24 Guruvayur (MC) 0.209 0.733 1.522 T

25 Irinjalakkuda (MC) 0.241 0.808 1.471 T

26 Kadangode 1.378 0.940 0.838 P

27 Kadapuram 1.465 0.533 0.984 P

28 Kadavallur 1.133 0.774 1.039 S+T

29 Kadukkutty 0.925 1.317 0.890 S

30 Kaipamangalam 0.852 1.459 0.860 S

31 Kaiparamba 0.641 1.986 0.720 S

32 Kandanissery 0.687 1.212 1.058 S+T

33 Karalam 1.128 0.905 0.980 P

34 Kattakampal 0.919 0.738 1.163 T

35 Kattur 0.871 0.666 1.221 T

36 Kodakara 1.357 1.138 0.756 S+P

37 Kodassery 1.963 0.633 0.688 P

ANNEXE - 4A

219



38 Kodungallur (MC) 0.527 1.190 1.149 S+T

39 Kolazhy 0.510 1.176 1.164 S+T

40 Kondhazhi 2.271 0.508 0.592 P

41 Koratty 0.997 1.548 0.746 S

42 Kunnamkulam (MC) 0.443 1.097 1.234 S+T

43 Kuzhur 1.387 0.783 0.907 P

44 Madakkathara 1.236 0.829 0.961 P

45 Mala 1.229 0.701 1.024 T+P

46 Manalur 0.840 0.762 1.191 T

47 Mathilakam 0.726 1.455 0.925 S

48 Mattathur 1.801 0.813 0.685 P

49 Melur 1.578 0.805 0.801 P

50 Methala 0.504 1.128 1.189 S+T

51 Mulamkkunnathukkavu 0.694 1.269 1.028 S+T

52 Mullassery 1.262 0.766 0.978 P

53 Mullurkkara 1.289 0.900 0.902 P

54 Mundathikode 1.101 1.150 0.879 S+P

55 Muriyad 1.129 1.019 0.927 P

56 Nadathara 0.722 1.092 1.096 S+T

57 Nattika 1.016 0.835 1.069 T+P

58 Nenmanikkara 0.481 2.019 0.785 S

59 Orumanayur 0.557 0.815 1.309 T

60 Padiyur 1.332 0.887 0.886 P

61 Pananchery 1.547 0.436 0.989 P

62 Panjal 1.880 0.478 0.802 P

63 Paralam 1.229 1.158 0.811 S+P

64 Parappukkara 1.005 1.264 0.874 S

65 Pariyaram 1.973 0.500 0.745 P

66 Pavaratty 0.539 0.761 1.343 T

67 Pazhayannur 2.194 0.489 0.639 P

68 Perinjanam 0.813 1.303 0.953 S

69 Pookode 0.528 1.092 1.194 S+T

70 Poomangalam 1.003 0.856 1.066 T+P

71 Porathissery 0.975 1.075 0.978 S

72 Porkulam 1.166 0.677 1.067 T+P

73 Poyya 1.181 0.638 1.078 T+P

74 Pudukkad 0.978 1.184 0.925 S

75 Punnayur 1.144 0.598 1.115 T+P

76 Punnayurkulam 1.145 0.711 1.062 T+P

77 Puthenchira 1.598 0.645 0.865 P

220



78 Puthur 0.979 1.292 0.874 S

79 Sreenarayanapuram 0.777 1.647 0.810 S

80 Thaikkad 0.459 1.045 1.251 S+T

81 Thalikulam 0.995 0.763 1.113 T+P

82 Thanniyam 1.150 0.616 1.104 T+P

83 Thekkumkkara 1.646 0.928 0.709 P

84 Thiruvilwamala 1.421 1.419 0.593 S+P

85 Tholur 1.040 1.697 0.655 S

86 Thrikkur 0.875 1.490 0.834 S

87 Thrissur Corporation 0.208 1.005 1.395 T

88 Vadakkekad 0.704 0.637 1.318 T

89 Vadanappilly 0.958 0.657 1.181 T+P

90 Valappad 1.028 1.044 0.966 S+P

91 Vallachira 0.708 1.522 0.903 S

92 Vallatholenagar 1.013 0.569 1.194 T+P

93 Varandarappilly 1.827 0.620 0.762 P

94 Varavoor 1.572 0.869 0.774 P

95 Vellangallur 0.978 1.013 1.005 S+T

96 Velukkara 1.281 0.853 0.928 P

97 Velur 1.407 1.012 0.790 P

98 Venkitangu 1.070 0.838 1.040 T+P

99 Wadakkanchery 0.857 0.805 1.163 T

221

AN

NEXE


Departm

ent of Town &


epartment of Tow


1 Adat 0.00 1.31 25.23 0.48 1.41 0.00 1.07 0.00 0.33

2 Alagappanagar 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.23 3.06 1.73 1.08 0.00 0.01

3 Alur 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.44 0.00 1.86 0.00 0.02

4 Annamanada 0.00 0.75 0.00 0.49 1.12 0.00 1.66 0.00 0.00

5 Anthikkad 0.00 1.04 0.00 2.87 0.51 0.00 1.73 0.00 0.00

6 Arimpur 0.00 1.07 15.10 0.47 3.37 0.00 0.85 0.00 0.00

7 Athirappilly 3.08 1.48 0.00 0.03 0.00 2.78 0.04 0.01 0.10

8 Avanur 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.16 2.14 0.00 1.22 12.78 4.26

9 Avinissery 0.00 0.07 1.93 1.34 0.31 0.00 1.82 1.00 0.00

10 Chalakkudy MC 0.00 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.39 0.00 1.83 0.60 0.00

11 Chavakkad MC 0.00 0.56 0.00 3.76 0.14 0.00 1.59 5.27 8.53

12 Chazhur 0.00 0.83 0.03 1.38 0.97 0.00 1.65 0.67 0.80

13 Chelakkara 0.86 0.09 0.00 0.02 1.70 1.20 1.00 0.00 0.90

14 Cherpu 0.00 0.61 0.06 1.64 2.15 0.00 1.41 0.29 0.15

15 Choondal 0.00 0.31 0.00 2.05 2.64 0.00 1.30 0.00 0.46

16 Chowannur 0.00 0.13 0.00 1.64 3.07 0.00 1.22 0.58 0.49

17 Desamangalam 0.00 2.59 0.00 0.10 2.01 1.16 1.16 0.00 3.98

18 Edavilangu 0.00 0.04 0.00 5.34 0.00 0.00 1.77 3.67 1.87

19 Elavally 0.00 0.62 1.17 1.52 1.91 0.00 1.45 0.04 0.00

20 Engandiyur 0.00 3.97 0.00 5.12 0.03 0.00 1.47 12.44 0.32

21 Eriyad 0.00 2.05 0.00 8.08 0.00 0.00 1.60 3.36 2.20

22 Erumapetty 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.00 2.64 4.66 0.83 0.20 1.41

23 Edathiruthy 0.00 0.71 0.00 5.86 0.42 0.00 1.65 3.41 1.08

24 Guruvayur Municipality 0.00 0.05 0.00 4.72 0.06 0.00 1.81 3.64 0.00

25 Irinjalakkuda MC 0.00 0.20 1.08 0.05 0.57 0.00 1.73 5.70 0.10

26 Kadangode 0.05 0.14 0.00 0.90 2.23 1.63 1.16 1.70 2.88

27 Kadapuram 0.00 0.00 0.12 4.86 0.00 0.21 1.42 0.00 2.06

28 Kadavallur 0.00 0.02 0.00 1.12 1.96 0.00 1.46 0.00 1.82

S l Name of LSGI CI of CI of CI of Marshy CI of CI of CI Ci of CI of CI ofNO. Forest Water body Lnad Residential Agricultural of Plantation ResAgri Commercial Others

LSG WISE CONCENTARTION INDICES OF VARIOUS LAND USESANNEXE - 5 222

District Spatial Plan - ThrissurA

NN

EXE

Departm

ent of Town &


epartment of Tow


S l Name of LSGI CI of CI of CI of Marshy/ CI of CI of CI Ci of CI of CI ofNO. Forest Water body Kole Lnad Residential Agricultural of Plantation ResAgri Commercial Others

29 Kadukkutty 0.00 1.55 0.00 0.72 1.44 0.00 1.54 0.00 0.24

30 Kaipamangalam 0.00 0.14 0.00 10.64 0.02 0.00 1.62 2.61 3.98

31 Kaiparamba 0.00 0.24 0.72 0.33 2.42 0.00 1.36 2.36 0.08

32 Kandanissery 0.00 0.33 0.00 1.45 1.89 0.00 1.49 0.00 0.00

33 Karalam 0.00 1.44 1.70 1.90 2.64 0.00 1.18 2.48 0.23

34 Kattakampal 0.00 1.11 22.98 0.45 1.38 0.00 1.13 0.51 0.00

35 Kattur 0.00 0.57 3.69 3.99 1.11 0.00 1.51 1.94 0.00

36 Kodakara 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.77 0.01 1.77 0.00 0.27

37 Kodassery 2.63 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.12 1.50 0.45 0.00 0.42

38 Kodungallur MC 0.00 4.49 0.00 3.81 1.48 0.00 1.12 15.13 0.00

39 Kolazhy 0.00 0.23 3.51 0.43 2.71 0.00 1.26 1.06 0.21

40 Kondazhi 0.74 1.59 0.00 0.06 1.43 0.42 1.14 0.00 0.00

41 Koratty 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.11 0.93 0.00 1.75 0.00 0.00

42 Kunnamkulam MC 0.00 1.13 7.15 1.49 1.27 0.00 1.44 0.23 0.00

43 Kuzhur 0.00 0.65 0.00 2.37 3.60 0.00 1.06 0.74 0.00

44 Madakkathara 0.80 0.26 0.00 0.05 0.76 0.00 1.34 0.02 1.66

45 Mala 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.11 1.10 0.00 1.67 2.90 0.00

46 Manalur 0.00 2.14 0.00 4.02 1.77 0.00 1.34 2.29 0.00

47 Mathilakam 0.00 0.38 0.00 6.38 0.01 0.00 1.76 3.72 0.12

48 Mattathur 2.29 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.36 1.07 0.54 0.00 0.49

49 Melur 0.00 0.84 0.00 0.01 0.10 0.00 1.89 0.00 0.17

50 Methala 0.00 5.42 0.00 6.52 0.00 0.00 1.38 12.63 0.00

51 Mulamkunnathukavu 0.43 0.43 0.00 0.48 1.32 0.00 1.20 9.20 5.17

52 Mullassery 0.00 1.54 4.82 1.57 3.18 0.00 1.02 0.75 0.36

53 Mullurkara 1.63 0.16 0.20 0.06 0.79 2.69 0.67 0.00 0.07

54 Mundathikode 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.25 1.74 1.17 1.26 10.47 1.35

55 Muriyad 0.00 0.45 3.42 0.46 1.42 0.00 1.54 0.14 0.00

56 Nadathara 0.01 0.38 0.15 0.08 1.34 1.47 1.44 0.00 1.72

223

AN

NEXE


Departm

ent of Town &


epartment of Tow


57 Nattika 0.00 1.22 0.00 7.66 0.01 0.00 1.60 4.90 3.64

58 Nenmanikkara 0.00 0.87 0.83 1.38 0.83 0.00 1.68 0.00 0.22

59 Orumanayur 0.00 0.00 0.60 16.66 0.00 0.14 1.35 0.00 4.24

60 Padiyur 0.00 1.81 1.70 1.01 1.60 0.00 1.45 0.00 0.00

61 Pananchery 2.01 0.46 0.00 0.05 0.22 0.74 0.75 0.42 1.87

62 Panjal 0.15 1.39 0.00 0.02 1.47 2.12 1.23 0.53 1.11

63 Paralam 0.00 0.77 2.97 3.77 2.08 0.00 1.25 5.84 0.00

64 Parappukkara 0.00 0.59 0.00 0.43 2.87 0.00 1.27 0.80 0.00

65 Pariyaram 0.40 1.05 0.00 0.13 0.14 0.13 1.64 0.32 0.67

66 Pavaratty 0.00 6.80 0.00 3.67 0.10 0.00 1.43 4.71 0.00

67 Pazhayannur 1.79 0.24 0.00 0.12 1.05 1.11 0.69 0.34 0.13

68 Perinjanam 0.00 0.48 0.00 4.44 0.00 0.00 1.83 0.67 0.65

69 Pookode 0.00 0.12 0.00 1.95 0.93 0.00 1.70 0.81 0.00

70 Poomangalam 0.00 1.15 4.03 0.17 2.25 0.00 1.31 0.12 0.00

71 Porathissery 0.00 1.06 1.55 0.66 2.60 0.00 1.27 0.80 0.00

72 Porkulam 0.00 1.09 16.48 0.63 1.60 0.00 1.19 0.63 0.69

73 Poyya 0.00 2.65 0.00 2.68 3.87 0.00 0.89 0.29 0.00

74 Pudukkad 0.00 0.83 0.00 0.85 1.64 0.17 1.49 0.00 0.99

75 Punnayur 0.00 0.00 0.17 3.07 0.00 2.22 1.52 0.00 0.00

76 Punnayurkulam 0.51 0.00 0.06 1.46 0.00 1.70 1.39 0.00 0.29

77 Puthenchira 0.00 2.15 0.00 2.21 1.42 0.00 1.45 2.20 0.00

78 Puthur 2.27 2.01 0.00 0.08 0.38 0.93 0.51 0.03 0.80

79 Sreenarayanapuram 0.00 1.84 0.00 5.89 0.07 0.00 1.67 3.43 0.66

80 Thaikkad 0.00 2.88 0.00 3.37 0.01 0.00 1.73 0.32 0.00

81 Thalikkulam 0.00 0.46 0.00 8.67 0.05 0.00 1.68 0.52 3.12

82 Thanniyam 0.00 1.00 0.00 4.06 0.71 0.00 1.61 5.10 0.00

83 Thekkumkara 0.50 1.34 0.00 0.09 1.15 1.19 1.17 0.36 0.86

84 Thiruvilwamala 0.03 1.42 0.00 0.00 1.82 0.74 0.98 0.99 18.72

85 Tholur 0.00 1.11 12.90 1.91 2.64 0.00 0.99 2.11 0.21

86 Thrikkur 0.04 0.18 0.00 0.32 1.14 5.36 1.07 0.08 1.02

87 Thrissur Muni.Corporation 0.00 0.70 5.59 0.49 2.08 0.00 1.31 0.88 0.86

224


NN

EXE

Departm

ent of Town &


epartment of Tow


88 Vadakkekad 0.07 0.00 0.16 1.60 0.00 2.69 1.58 0.00 0.95

89 Vadanappally 0.00 0.83 0.00 5.71 0.03 0.00 1.72 3.48 1.81

90 Valappad 0.00 0.06 0.00 6.22 0.10 0.00 1.66 0.00 7.37

91 Vallachira 0.00 0.64 1.53 3.49 0.69 0.00 1.66 0.22 0.34

92 Vallathol Nagar 0.37 1.33 0.00 0.18 3.31 0.38 0.87 0.21 2.37

93 Varandarappilly 2.19 1.28 0.00 0.05 0.30 1.37 0.57 0.00 0.83

94 Varavoor 0.06 0.15 0.00 0.31 2.00 4.80 0.90 0.00 2.79

95 Vellangallur 0.00 1.78 0.00 1.57 1.52 0.00 1.47 2.00 0.00

96 Velukkara 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.97 1.10 0.00 1.66 2.22 0.00

97 Velur 0.00 0.32 0.00 0.70 1.88 1.05 1.35 0.73 1.83

98 Venkitangu 0.00 4.48 0.00 3.24 1.32 0.00 1.35 0.63 0.00

99 Wadakkanchery 0.12 3.24 0.00 0.06 1.33 3.04 1.06 0.00 1.88

225



LSG WISE MAJOR ACTIVITY (AS PER LAND USE ANALYSIS)

Sl. NO. Name of the PanchayatConection index greater than one

Other builtup Agricultural Forest Residential

1 Adat P

2 Alagappanagar P

3 Alur P

4 Annamanada P

5 Anthikkad P

6 Arimpur P

7 Athirappilly P

8 Avanur P P

9 Avinissery P

10 Chalakkudy MC No major predominant activity as per land use

11 Chavakkad MC P P

12 Chazhur P

13 Chelakkara P P

14 Cherpu P P

15 Choondal P P

16 Chowannur P P

17 Desamangalam P

18 Edavilangu P P

19 Elavally P P

20 Engandiyur P P

21 Eriyad P P

22 Erumapetty P P

23 Edathiruthy P P

24 Guruvayur MC P P

25 Irinjalakkuda MC P

26 Kadangode P P

27 Kadapuram P P

28 Kadavallur P P

29 Kadukkutty P

30 Kaipamangalam P P

31 Kaiparamba P P

32 Kandanissery P P

33 Karalam P P P

34 Kattakampal P

35 Kattur P P P

36 Kodakara

37 Kodassery P

No major predominant activity as per land use

ANNEX - 6

226



38 Kodungallur MC P P P

39 Kolazhy P

40 Kondazhi P

41 Koratty

42 Kunnamkulam MC P P

43 Kuzhur P P

44 Madakkathara

45 Mala P P

46 Manalur P P P

47 Mathilakam P P

48 Mattathur P

49 Melur

50 Methala P P

51 Mulamkunnathukavu P P

52 Mullassery P P

53 Mullurkara P

54 Mundathikode P P

55 Muriyad P

56 Nadathara P

57 Nattika P P

58 Nenmanikkara P

59 Orumanayur P P

60 Padiyur P P

61 Pananchery P

62 Panjal P

63 Paralam P P P

64 Parappukkara P

65 Pariyaram

66 Pavaratty P P

67 Pazhayannur P P

68 Perinjanam P

69 Pookode P

70 Poomangalam P

71 Porathissery P

72 Porkulam P

73 Poyya P P

74 Pudukkad P

75 Punnayur P P

76 Punnayurkulam P

77 Puthenchira P P P




227



78 Puthur P

79 Sreenarayanapuram P P

80 Thaikkad P

81 Thalikkulam P

82 Thanniyam P P

83 Thekkumkara P

84 Thiruvilwamala P

85 Tholur P P P

86 Thrikkur

87 Thrissur Corporation P P

88 Vadakkekad P P P

89 Vadanappally P P

90 Valappad P P

91 Vallachira P

92 Vallathol Nagar P

93 Varandarappilly P

94 Varavoor P P

95 Vellangallur P P P

96 Velukkara P P

97 Velur P

98 Venkitangu P P

99 Wadakkanchery P

228



LIST OF LSG’s WHERE MAJOR AGRICULTURE ACTIVITIES OF THE DISTRICT ARE CONCENTRATED

Name of the Panchayath Coconut Mixed crop Paddy Rubber Plantation

1. Adat P P

2. Alagappanagar P P P

3. Alur P P

4. Annamanada P P P

5. Anthikkad P

6. Arimpur P P

7. Athirappilly P

8. Avanur P P P

9. Avinissery P P

10. Chalakkudy MC P

11. Chavakkad MC P P

12. Chazhur P P

13. Chelakkara P P

14. Cherpu P P P

15. Choondal P P P

16. Chowannur P P

17. Desamangalam P P P

18. Edavilangu P

19. Elavally P P P

20. Engandiyur P

21. Eriyad P P

22. Erumapetty P P

23. Edathiruthy P

24. Guruvayur MC P P

25. Irinjalakkuda MC P P

26. Kadangode P P P

27. Kadapuram P P

28. Kadavallur P P P P

29. Kadukkutty P P P

30. Kaipamangalam P

31. Kaiparamba P P P

32. Kandanissery P P P

33. Karalam P P P

34. Kattakampal P P

35. Kattur P P P

36. Kodakara P

37. Kodassery P


ANNEXE - 7

229



38. Kodungallur MC P P P

39. Kolazhy P P P

40. Kondazhi P P

41. Koratty P P P

42. Kunnamkulam MC P P P

43. Kuzhur P P

44. Madakkathara P P

45. Mala P P P

46. Manalur P P

47. Mathilakam P

48. Mattathur P

49. Melur P P P

50. Methala P P

51. Mulamkunnathukavu P P

52. Mullassery P P

53. Mullurkara P

54. Mundathikode P P P

55. Muriyad P P P P

56. Nadathara P P P P

57. Nattika P P

58. Nenmanikkara P P

59. Orumanayur P P

60. Padiyur P P

61. Pananchery P

62. Panjal P P P

63. Paralam P P

64. Parappukkara P P P

65. Pariyaram P P P

66. Pavaratty P P

67. Pazhayannur P P P

68. Perinjanam P

69. Pookode P

70. Poomangalam P P P

71. Porathissery P P P

72. Porkulam P P P

73. Poyya P P

74. Pudukkad P P P

75. Punnayur P P P

76. Punnayurkulam P P

77. Puthenchira P P P

230



Land Use

78. Puthur NO Major Agriculture

79. Sreenarayanapuram P

80. Thaikkad P P

81. Thalikkulam P

82. Thanniyam P

83. Thekkumkara P P P

84. Thiruvilwamala P P P P

85. Tholur P P

86. Thrikkur P P P P

87. Thrissur Municpal Corporation P P

88. Vadakkekad P P

89. Vadanappally P P

90. Valappad P

91. Vallachira P P

92. Vallathol Nagar P P

93. Varandarappilly P

94. Varavoor P P

95. Vellangallur P P P

96. Velukkara P P P

97. Velur P P P

98. Venkitangu P P

99. Wadakkanchery P P P

231



LSG WISE LAND USE CONCENTRATION PATTERN

Sl No Name of LSGI CI of CI of CI of CI ResultForest Agriculture Plantation Non-Agri

1 ADAT 0.00 1.41 0.00 0.16 AGRICULTURE

2 ALAGAPPANAGAR 0.00 3.06 1.73 0.05 PLANTATION

3 ALUR 0.00 0.44 0.00 0.01 AGRICULTURE

4 ANNAMANADA 0.00 1.12 0.00 0.09 AGRICULTURE

5 ANTHIKKAD 0.00 0.51 0.00 0.55 AGRICULTURE

6 ARIMPUR 0.00 3.37 0.00 0.09 AGRICULTURE

7 ATHIRAPPILLY 3.08 0.00 2.78 0.03 PLANTATION/FOREST

8 AVANUR 0.00 2.14 0.00 2.33 URBAN

9 AVINISSERY 0.00 0.31 0.00 0.37 AGRICULTURE

10 CHALAKKUDY MUNICIPALITY 0.00 0.39 0.00 0.07 AGRICULTURE

11 CHAVAKKAD MUNICIPALITY 0.00 0.14 0.00 2.97 URBAN

12 CHAZHUR 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.50 AGRICULTURE

13 CHELAKKARA 0.86 1.70 1.20 0.18 PLANTATION

14 CHERPU 0.00 2.15 0.00 0.38 AGRICULTURE

15 CHOONDAL 0.00 2.64 0.00 0.48 AGRICULTURE

16 CHOWANNUR 0.00 3.07 0.00 0.48 AGRICULTURE

17 DESAMANGALAM 0.00 2.01 1.16 0.78 AGRICULTURE

18 EDATHIRUTHY 0.00 0.42 0.00 1.73 URBAN

19 EDAVILANGU 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.81 URBAN

20 ELAVALLY 0.00 1.91 0.00 0.30 AGRICULTURE

21 ENGANDIYUR 0.00 0.03 0.00 2.48 URBAN

22 ERIYAD 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.36 URBAN

23 ERUMAPETTY 0.00 2.64 4.66 0.29 PLANTATION

24 GURUVAYUR MC 0.00 0.06 0.00 1.33 URBAN

25 IRINJALAKKUDA MC 0.00 0.57 0.00 0.69 URBAN

26 KADANGODE 0.05 2.23 1.63 0.92 URBAN

27 KADAPURAM 0.00 0.00 0.21 1.33 URBAN

28 KADAVALLUR 0.00 1.96 0.00 0.56 AGRICULTURE

29 KADUKKUTTY 0.00 1.44 0.00 0.18 AGRICULTURE

30 KAIPAMANGALAM 0.00 0.02 0.00 3.11 URBAN

31 KAIPARAMBA 0.00 2.42 0.00 0.35 URBAN

32 KANDANISSERY 0.00 1.89 0.00 0.28 AGRICULTURE

33 KARALAM 0.00 2.64 0.00 0.70 URBAN

34 KATTAKAMPAL 0.00 1.38 0.00 0.15 AGRICULTURE

35 KATTUR 0.00 1.11 0.00 0.99 URBAN

36 KODAKARA 0.02 0.77 0.01 0.06 AGRICULTURE

37 KODASSERY 2.63 0.12 1.50 0.08 PLANTATION/FOREST

ANNEXE- 8

232



38 KODUNGALLUR MC 0.00 1.48 0.00 2.48 URBAN

39 KOLAZHY 0.00 2.71 0.00 0.24 AGRICULTURE

40 KONDAZHI 0.74 1.43 0.42 0.01 AGRICULTURE

41 KORATTY 0.00 0.93 0.00 0.02 AGRICULTURE

42 KUNNAMKULAM MC 0.00 1.27 0.00 0.31 AGRICULTURE

43 KUZHUR 0.00 3.60 0.00 0.54 AGRICULTURE

44 MADAKKATHARA 0.80 0.76 0.00 0.33 AGRICULTURE

45 MALA 0.00 1.10 0.00 0.36 URBAN

46 MANALUR 0.00 1.77 0.00 1.04 URBAN

47 MATHILAKAM 0.00 0.01 0.00 1.68 URBAN

48 MATTATHUR 2.29 0.36 1.07 0.09 PLANTATION/FOREST

49 MELUR 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.03 AGRICULTURE

50 METHALA 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.71 URBAN

51 MULAMKUNNATHUKAVU 0.43 1.32 0.00 2.15 URBAN

52 MULLASSERY 0.00 3.18 0.00 0.46 AGRICULTURE

53 MULLURKARA 1.63 0.79 2.69 0.02 PLANTATION/FOREST

54 MUNDATHIKODE 0.00 1.74 1.17 1.52 URBAN

55 MURIYAD 0.00 1.42 0.00 0.11 AGRICULTURE

56 NADATHARA 0.01 1.34 1.47 0.35 PLANTATION

57 NATTIKA 0.00 0.01 0.00 2.74 URBAN

58 NENMANIKKARA 0.00 0.83 0.00 0.31 AGRICULTURE

59 ORUMANAYUR 0.00 0.00 0.14 4.02 AGRICULTURE

60 PADIYUR 0.00 1.60 0.00 0.19 AGRICULTURE

61 PANANCHERY 2.01 0.22 0.74 0.42 PLANTATION/FOREST

62 PANJAL 0.15 1.47 2.12 0.28 PLANTATION

63 PARALAM 0.00 2.08 0.00 1.40 URBAN

64 PARAPPUKKARA 0.00 2.87 0.00 0.17 AGRICULTURE

65 PARIYARAM 0.40 0.14 0.13 0.19 AGRICULTURE

66 PAVARATTY 0.00 0.10 0.00 1.25 URBAN

67 PAZHAYANNUR 1.79 1.05 1.11 0.09 PLANTATION/FOREST

68 PERINJANAM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.06 AGRICULTURE

69 POOKODE 0.00 0.93 0.00 0.47 AGRICULTURE

70 POOMANGALAM 0.00 2.25 0.00 0.05 AGRICULTURE

71 PORATHISSERY 0.00 2.60 0.00 0.22 AGRICULTURE

72 PORKULAM 0.00 1.60 0.00 0.33 AGRICULTURE

73 POYYA 0.00 3.87 0.00 0.55 AGRICULTURE

74 PUDUKKAD 0.00 1.64 0.17 0.35 AGRICULTURE

75 PUNNAYUR 0.00 0.00 2.22 0.59 PLANTATION

76 PUNNAYURKULAM 0.51 0.00 1.70 0.34 PLANTATION

77 PUTHENCHIRA 0.00 1.42 0.00 0.68 URBAN

233



78 PUTHUR 2.27 0.38 0.93 0.17 PLANTATION/FOREST

79 SREENARAYANAPURAM 0.00 0.07 0.00 1.65 URBAN

80 THAIKKAD 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.68 AGRICULTURE

81 THALIKKULAM 0.00 0.05 0.00 2.32 AGRICULTURE

82 THANNIYAM 0.00 0.71 0.00 1.37 URBAN

83 THEKKUMKARA 0.50 1.15 1.19 0.22 AGRICULTURE

84 THIRUVILWAMALA 0.03 1.82 0.74 3.71 AGRICULTURE

85 THOLUR 0.00 2.64 0.00 0.65 URBAN

86 THRIKKUR 0.04 1.14 5.36 0.27 PLANTATION

87 THRISSUR CORPORATION 0.00 2.08 0.00 0.36 URBAN

88 VADAKKEKAD 0.07 0.00 2.69 0.49 PLANTATION

89 VADANAPPALLY 0.00 0.03 0.00 1.85 URBAN

90 VALAPPAD 0.00 0.10 0.00 2.61 AGRICULTURE

91 VALLACHIRA 0.00 0.69 0.00 0.76 AGRICULTURE

92 VALLATHOL NAGAR 0.37 3.31 0.38 0.52 AGRICULTURE

93 VARANDARAPPILLY 2.19 0.30 1.37 0.17 PLANTATION/FOREST

94 VARAVOOR 0.06 2.00 4.80 0.60 PLANTATION

95 VELLANGALLUR 0.00 1.52 0.00 0.53 URBAN

96 VELUKKARA 0.00 1.10 0.00 0.44 URBAN

97 VELUR 0.00 1.88 1.05 0.57 AGRICULTURE

98 VENKITANGU 0.00 1.32 0.00 0.69 AGRICULTURE

99 WADAKKANCHERY 0.12 1.33 3.04 0.37 PLANTATION

234



1 Thrissur Municipal Corp. 533.25

2 Irinjalakkuda MC 159.49

3 Chalakkudy MC 158.72

4 Kunnamkulam MC 140.66

5 Adat 115.68

6 Mundathikode 112.28

7 Kodungallur MC 98.27

8 Pavaratty 86.94

9 Eriyad 86.39

10 Guruvayur MC 84.90

11 Mala 76.71

12 Methala 71.05

13 Edavilangu 66.72

14 Valappad 64.63

15 Sreenarayanapuram 63.71

16 Pazhayannur 63.30

17 Chelakkara 62.33

18 Wadakkanchery 61.45

19 Vallatholenagar 55.84

20 Annamanada 52.24

21 Chavakkad MC 49.82

22 Madakkathara 48.88

23 Pudukkad 47.55

24 Kattur 45.24

25 Manalur 43.28

26 Velukkara 41.93

27 Cherpu 41.36

28 Vadanappilly 39.91

29 Edathiruthy 38.91

30 Nattika 38.06

31 Perinjanam 37.62

32 Kadavallur 36.78

33 Vadakkekad 36.06

34 Choondal 35.29

35 Pananchery 34.08

36 Kodakara 33.67

37 Koratty 33.55

COMPOSITE FUNCTIONAL INDEX (CFI) OF SETTLEMENT

Sl.No LSG Name CFI

38 Mullurkkara 33.25

39 Pookode 32.05

40 Vellangallur 31.29

41 Alur 30.85

42 Kaipamangalam 29.13

43 Punnayurkulam 28.50

44 Parappukkara 28.36

45 Kandanissery 26.91

46 Panjal 26.74

47 Kadangode 26.74

48 Mattathur 26.20

49 Erumapetty 26.10

50 Melur 26.07

51 Kadukkutty 25.79

52 Nenmanikkara 25.17

53 Anthikkad 25.01

54 Kodassery 24.73

55 Mathilakam 24.33

56 Porathissery 23.80

57 Thalikulam 23.46

58 Alagappanagar 22.32

59 Avanur 21.85

60 Puthur 21.63

61 Kolazhy 21.53

62 Engandiyur 20.99

63 Thiruvilwamala 20.23

64 Thanniyam 20.11

65 Chazhur 19.69

66 Nadathara 19.67

67 Kaiparamba 19.03

68 Kattakampal 18.78

69 Mullassery 18.65

70 Poyya 18.34

71 Kondhazhi 18.08

72 Punnayur 17.98

73 Muriyad 17.73

74 Velur 17.68

Sl.No LSG Name CFI

ANNEXE - 9A

235

AN

NEXE


Departm

ent of Town &


epartment of Tow


1 32070101 Kadavallur 0 4 1 2 2 1 1 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

2 32070102 Kadangode 0 10 1 1 5 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 32070103 Varavoor 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 32070104 Desamangalam 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

5 32070105 Erumapetty 1 7 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

6 32070106 Vallatholenagar 1 11 1 1 6 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

7 32070107 Panjal 0 6 3 3 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 32070108 Kondhazhi 0 10 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

9 32070109 Thiruvilwamala 0 7 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

10 32070110 Pazhayannur 1 8 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 7 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 2

11 32070111 Chelakkara 1 13 3 1 3 0 0 1 0 8 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1

12 32070112 Mullurkkara 1 5 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

13 32070113 Thekkumkkara 0 10 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

14 32070114 Wadakkanchery 1 9 2 2 1 0 0 1 0 6 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 1

15 32070115 Chowannur 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

16 32070116 Porkulam 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

17 32070117 Kattakampal 0 6 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

18 32070118 Kandanissery 1 7 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

19 32070119 Choondal 0 6 6 1 1 0 0 1 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

20 32070120 Velur 0 8 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

21 32070121 Mundathikode 0 5 3 2 1 0 1 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

22 32070125 Kunnamkulam Municipality 1 17 7 5 1 0 0 1 0 39 0 1 2 1 0 3 0 0 0 11 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 0 2

23 32070201 Punnayurkulam 0 11 4 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

24 32070202 Vadakkekad 1 11 3 3 6 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

25 32070203 Punnayur 2 10 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

26 32070204 Orumanayur 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

27 32070205 Kadapuram 0 7 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

28 32070206 Engandiyur 1 5 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

29 32070207 Elavally 0 6 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

30 32070208 Mullassery 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

31 32070209 Venkitangu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

32 32070210 Vadanappilly 1 5 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0

33 32070211 Thalikulam 0 7 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

34 32070212 Nattika 0 11 3 3 3 1 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

35 32070213 Valappad 0 16 0 3 1 2 1 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

36 32070214 Pookode 1 28 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

37 32070215 Thaikkad 0 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

38 32070216 Pavaratty 1 13 2 2 3 1 1 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1

39 32070220 Chavakkad Municipality 1 9 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1

40 32070225 Guruvayur Municipality 1 3 3 3 2 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 3 1 0 0 0 1

41 32070301 Kaiparamba 0 7 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

42 32070302 Avanur 0 5 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0

43 32070303 Mulamkkunnathukkavu 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

44 32070304 Madakkathara 0 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

45 32070305 Tholur 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

46 32070306 Adat 0 6 3 2 0 1 0 1 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

47 32070307 Kolazhy 0 14 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

48 32070308 Pananchery 0 4 2 2 5 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2

49 32070309 Puthur 0 10 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

Sl.

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Annexe - 9B Hierarchy of Settlement

236


NN

EXE

Departm

ent of Town &


epartment of Tow


50 32070310 Nadathara 0 4 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

51 32070311 Arimpur 0 6 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

52 32070312 Manalur 0 8 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1

53 32070313 Anthikkad 1 7 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

54 32070314 Chazhur 1 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

55 32070315 Paralam 0 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

56 32070316 Cherpu 0 11 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0

57 32070317 Thanniyam 0 5 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0

58 32070318 Vallachira 0 5 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

59 32070319 Avinissery 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

60 32070325 Thrissur Corporation 1 38 30 25 8 4 8 5 1 55 1 0 3 0 5 5 0 0 4 5 5 1 1 0 3 4 9 2 5 0 1 8

61 32070401 Edathiruthy 0 13 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

62 32070402 Kaipamangalam 1 13 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

63 32070403 Perinjanam 0 9 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

64 32070404 Mathilakam 0 8 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

65 32070405 Sreenarayanapuram 0 14 3 3 1 0 1 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

66 32070406 Edavilangu 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

67 32070407 Eriyad 1 20 2 2 3 0 1 0 0 7 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

68 32070408 Poyya 0 9 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

69 32070409 Methala 0 12 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 4 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0

70 32070410 Kodungallur Municipality 1 13 4 5 1 0 0 1 0 8 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 1

71 32070501 Kattur 0 8 4 2 2 1 0 0 0 7 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

72 32070502 Karalam 0 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

73 32070503 Porathissery 0 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

74 32070504 Parappukkara 4 6 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

75 32070505 Nenmanikkara 0 7 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0

76 32070506 Thrikkur 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

77 32070507 Alagappanagar 0 8 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

78 32070508 Varandarappilly 0 6 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

79 32070509 Pudukkad 1 4 3 3 3 0 0 1 0 6 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0

80 32070510 Muriyad 0 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

81 32070511 Poomangalam 0 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

82 32070512 Velukkara 0 12 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

83 32070513 Padiyur 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

84 32070514 Alur 1 10 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

85 32070515 Kodakara 1 5 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 1

86 32070516 Mattathur 0 10 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2

87 32070517 Kodassery 0 11 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

88 32070518 Pariyaram 0 6 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

89 32070519 Vellangallur 1 8 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

90 32070520 Puthenchira 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

91 32070521 Mala 2 22 10 3 2 1 0 1 0 5 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 1

92 32070522 Kadukkutty 0 8 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1

93 32070523 Melur 0 12 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

94 32070524 Koratty 0 12 3 1 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

95 32070525 Annamanada 2 9 4 3 1 0 0 0 0 5 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1

96 32070526 Kuzhur 1 4 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

97 32070530 Irinjalakkuda Municipality 1 19 8 7 3 0 2 0 0 18 1 2 6 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 1

98 32070535 Chalakkudy Municipality 1 18 12 6 4 0 1 1 0 16 1 1 5 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 2 1 0 0 0 1

99 32070581 Athirappilly 0 5 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

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237



HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS (EXISTING)

Order of the settlement Sl.No Name of the settlement

1 Thrissur Municipal Corporation

1 Chalakkudy Municipal Council



1 Adat

2 Mundathikkode

3 Kodungallur Municipal Council

4 Pavaratty

5 Eriyad


7 Mala

8 Methala

9 Edavilangu

10 Valappad


12 Pazhayannur

13 Wadakkancherry

14 Chelakkara

1 Vallathol Nagar

2 Annamanada

3 Chavakkad Municipal Council

4 Madakkathara

5 Pudukkad

6 Kattur

7 Manalur

8 Velukkara

9 Cherpu

10 Vadanappilly

11 Esdathiruthy

12 Nattika

13 Kadavallur

14 Perinjanam

15 Choondal

16 Vadakkekad

17 Pananchery

18 Kodakara

I

II

III

IV

ANNEXE - 10

238



19 Mullurkkara

20 Koratty

21 Vellangallur

22 Pookode

23 Alur

24 Kaipamangalam

25 Punnayurkulam

26 Parappukkara

27 Kandanisserry

28 Panjal

29 Melur

30 Kadangode

31 Mattathur

32 Erumapetty

33 Kadukkutty

34 Nenmanikkara

35 Porathisserry

36 Anthikkad

37 Thalikulam

38 Mathilakam

39 Kodassery

40 Alagappanagar

41 Avanur

42 Puthur

43 Kolazhy

44 Engandiyur

45 Thanniyam

46 Thiruvilwamala

47 Chazhur

48 Nadathara

49 Kaiparambu

50 Kattakampal

51 Poyya

52 Mullassery

53 Kondhazhi

54 Punnayur

55 Muriyad

56 Velur


IV

239



57 Varandarappilly58 Elavally59 Thekkumkkara60 Pariyaram61 Arimpur62 Padiyur63 Porkulam64 Mulamkkunnathukkavu65 Kadapuram66 Kuzhur67 Tholur68 Orumanayur69 Athirappilly70 Paralam71 Desamangalam72 Karalam73 Thaikkad74 Thrikkur75 Vallachira76 Varavoor77 Poomangalam78 Avinissery79 Chowannur80 Venkitangu


IV

240



Centrality: - Centrality is the locational importance

acquired by an area because of its position in the geo-

graphical center or proximity to the geographical cen-

ter of a region. An area placed in the centre of a region

or near to the center possesses the advantage that it is

accessible (if there is no physical barrier in between)

equally from all parts of the region under consider-

ation. In practical terms a LSG located in the centre of a

District has a potential deriving out of its central loca-

tion with respect to the District. For deriving the pro-

posed hierarchy of the settlement, these criteria, the

centrality of the settlements are also to be taken into

account. An attempt is made here to quantify the cen-

trality of an area to make this value in analysis.

This centrality value is very much useful in identify-

ing the proposed hierarchy of various LSGs. The most

important part in the identification of the hierarchy of

settlements is assigning various order (1st Order, 2nd

Order, 3rd Order etc.) to the settlement and for of this

centrality at different levels are to be calculated. Prac-

tically it can be assumed that centrality at three levels

are existing. They are Regional centrality, Sub regional

centrality and Local Centrality

Regional Centrality

Regional Centrality is the locational importance; a

settlement is deriving out of its proximity to the geo-

graphical central position of the region. A settlement

falling at the centre of the region possesses the maxi-

A - CENTRALITY

ANNEXE - 11

241



DIVISIONPANCHAYATH CENTRALITY VALUE

SE-1 MATTATHUR 1

1 KODASSERRY 2

1 VARANDARAPILLY 2

1 ALAGAPPANAGAR 3

1 TRIKKUR 3

1 PARIYARAM 3

mum regional centrality value of 1 and it can be termed

as the central settlement. Those settlements adjacent

to the central settlement can be said to possess the

regional centrality value of 2. The next layer of settle-

ments adjacent to the settlements having the regional

centrality value of 2, possess the regional centrality

value of 3. In this way, the regional centrality value of

any settlement in a region can be calculated. The figure

below shows the variation of the centrality value of

various LSGs of the District.

The Regional centrality values of various LSGs of

Thrissur District are shown in the table below.

242



1 ATHIRAPALLY 3

1 NADATHARA 3

1 PUTHUR 3

SW-2 IRINJALAKKUDA MUNCIPALITY 1

2 KARALAM 2

2 PORATHISSERY 2

2 MURIYAD 2

2 VELLURKKARA 2

2 POOMANGALAM 2

2 PADIYUR 2

2 CHAZHUR 3

2 KATTUR 3

2 CHERPU 3

2 VALLACHIRA 3

2 EDATHIRUTHY 3

2 PARAPPUKKARA 3

2 KAIPAMANGALAM 3

2 PERINJANAM 3

2 MATHILAKAM 3

2 VELLANGALLUR 3

2 PUTHENCHIRA 3

2 ALUR 3

2 SREENARAYANAPURAM 3

2 KODAKARA 3

2 PARALAM 4

2 NATTIKKA 4

2 THANNIYAM 4

2 AVINISSERY 4

2 NENMANIKKARA 4

2 VALAPPAD 4

2 PUDUKKAD 4

2 KODUNGALLUR MUNCIPALITY 4

2 POYYA 4

2 MALA 4

2 CHALAKKUDY MUNCIPALITY 4

2 EDAVILANGU 4

2 ERIYAD 4

2 KADUKUTTY 4

2 KORATTY 5

2 MELUR 5

243



2 ANNAMANADA 5

2 KUZHUR 5

2 METHALA 5

2 ANTHIKKAD 5

2 THALIKKULAM 5

NW-3 KANDANASSERY 1

3 CHOWANNUR 2

3 POOKODE 2

3 KUNNAMKKULAM MUNCIPALITY 2

3 THAIKKAD 2

3 GURUVAYUR MUNCIPALITY 2

3 ELAVALLY 2

3 THOLUR 2

3 CHOONDAL 2

3 PUNNAYUR 3

3 VADAKKEKKAD 3

3 KATTAKAMPAL 3

3 CHAVAKKAD MUNCIPALITY 3

3 PORKULAM 3

3 ORMANAYUR 3

3 KADANGODE 3

3 VENKITANGU 3

3 PAVARATTY 3

3 KAIPARAMBA 3

3 VELUR 3

3 ADAT 3

3 MULLASSERRY 3

3 PUNNAYURKULAM 4

3 KADAVALLUR 4

3 KADAPPURAM 4

3 ENGANDIYUR 4

3 VADANAPPILLY 4

3 MANALUR 4

3 ARIMPUR 4

3 AVANUR 4

3 THRISSUR CORPORATION 4

3 KOLAZHI 4

NE-4 MULLURKKARA 1

4 ERUMAPETTY 2

4 VARAVOOR 2

244



4 WADAKKANCHERRY 2

4 VALLATHOL NAGAR 2

4 THEKKUMKARA 2

4 PAZHAYANNUR 2

4 CHELAKKARA 2

4 PANJAL 2

4 MUNDATHIKODE 3

4 DESAMANGALAM 3

4 MULAMKKUNNATHUKKAVU 3

4 PANANCHERY 3

4 MADAKKATHARA 3

4 THIRUVILWAMALA 3

4 KONDAZHI 3

Local Centrality

The Sub regions identified earlier can be further

divided into four parts (NE, NW, SE, SW) and each area

can be termed as a local area & the centrality of a settle-

ment deriving out of the proximity of the settlement

with the centre of the local area can be termed as the

local centrality. Like regional centrality, different settle-

ments can have the local centrality value of 1, 2, 3 etc.

The figure below shows the variation of the local cen-

trality value of various LSGs of the District

245



Connectivity is a term to denote how well an area

is connected to other parts of the region (inter regional)

or other regions (intra regional). Two indicators are

taken to assess the connectivity of an area under con-

sideration with other areas. First criteria is the exist-

ence of a road of the category of NH, SH or MDR and

LSG nameGrade of

Rail waystationType of

road

1. Kadavallur SH

2. Kadangode SH

3. Valappad NH

4. Desamangalam MDR

5. Engandiyur NH

6. Varavoor MDR

7. Panjal MDR

8. Kondhazhi MDR

9. Thiruvilwamala MDR

10. Pazhayannur MDR

11. Chelakkara MDR

12. Mullurkkara D SH

13. Thekkumkkara MDR

14. Wadakkanchery B SH

15. Chowannur SH

16. Porkulam SH

17. Kattakampal MDR

18. Kandanissery SH

19. Choondal SH

20. Velur MDR

21. Mundathikode SH

22. Punnayurkulam NH

23. Vadakkekad SH

24. Punnayur NH

25. Orumanayur NH

26. Kadapuram NH

27. Edavilangu MDR

28. Esdathiruthy NH

29. Mullassery MDR

30. Venkitangu MDR

31. Vallachira MDR

32. Thalikulam NH

33. Nattika NH

34. Vallathole Nagar C SH

35. Pookode SH

36. Thaikkad SH

37. Pavaratty MDR

38. Kaiparamba SH

39. Avanur MDR

40. Mulamkkunnathukkavu C SH

41. Madakkathara MDR

42. Tholur MDR

43. Adat SH

44. Kolazhy SH

45. Pananchery MDR

46. Puthur NH

47. Nadathara NH

48. Arimpur MDR

49. Manalur MDR

50. Anthikkad MDR

51. Chazhur MDR

52. Paralam MDR

53. Cherpu SH

54. Thanniyam MDR

55. Varandarappilly MDR

56. Avinissery SH

LSG nameGrade of

Rail way stationType of

roadSl

No.Sl

No.

second is the grade of the rail way station existing (if

any) in the area under consideration. The details of the

rail way station and the type of roads in each of the

LSGs of Thrissur District are shown in the table below.

B - CONNECTIVITY

ANNEXE - 12

246



57. Eriyad MDR

58. Kaipamangalam NH

59. Perinjanam NH

60. Mathilakam NH

61. Sreenarayanapuram NH

62. Erumapetty SH

63. Elavally MDR

64. Poyya SH

65. Methala NH

66. Kattur MDR

67. Karalam MDR

68. Porathissery SH

69. Parappukkara D NH

70. Nenmanikkara NH

71. Thrikkur NH

72. Alagappanagar NH

73. Vadanappilly NH

74. Pudukkad C NH

75. Muriyad SH

76. Poomangalam SH

77. Velukkara SH

78. Padiyur SH

79. Alur B SH

80. Kodakara NH

81. Mattathur MDR

82. Kodassery MDR

83. Pariyaram SH

84. Vellangallur SH

85. Puthenchira MDR

86. Mala SH

87. Kadukkutty MDR

88. Melur D NH

89. Koratty D NH

90. Annamanada MDR

91. Kuzhur MDR

92. Athirappilly SH

93. Chalakkudy Municipality B NH

94. Chavakkad Municipality NH

95. Guruvayur Municipality B SH

96. Irinjalakkuda Municipality SH

97. Kodungallur Municipality NH

98. Kunnamkulam Municipality SH

99. Thrissur Corporation A NH

LSG nameGrade ofRail waystation

Type ofroad

LSG nameGrade ofRail waystation

Type ofroad

SlNo.

SlNo.

While calculating the proposed hierarchy of the

settlements the presence of NH or SH is given a value

of 1 and the presence of MDR is given a value of 2.The

railway station of A grade is given a value of 1 and the

lower grades B,C,D etc is given values of 2,3,4 etc re-

spectively.

247



REGIONAL CENTRALITY

SL No. LSG Value ofCentrality

1. Thrissur Corporation 1

2. Adat 2

3. Arimpur 2

4. Avinissery 2

5. Kolazhy 2

6. Mulamkkunnathukkavu 2

7. Paralam 2

8. Nadathara 2

9. Puthur 2

10. Panancherry 2

11. Vallachira 2

12. Nenmanikkara 2

13. Madakkathara 2

14. Venkitangu 3

15. Tholur 3

16. Kaiparamba 3

17. Manalur 3

18. Mullassery 3

19. Avanur 3

20. Mundathikode 3

21. Anthikkad 3

22. Chazur 3

23. Thekkumkara 3

24. Pazhayannur 3

25. Cherpu 3

26. Porathissery 3

27. Parappukkara 3

28. Pudukkad 3

29. Alagappanagar 3

30. Trikkur 3

31. Varandarappilly 3

32. Kadappuram 4

33. Ormanayur 4

34. Kandanassery 4

35. Engandiyur 4

36. Pavaratty 4

37. Elavally 4

38. Choondal 4

39. Vellur 4

40. Erumapetty 4

41. Vadanappilly 4

42. Wadakkanchery 4

43. Mullurkkara 4

44. Thalikkulam 4

45. Chelakkara 4

46. Nattikka 4

47. Thaniyam 4

48. Kattur 4

49. Muriyad 4

50. Kodakara 4

51. Mattathur 4

52. Karalam 4

53. Irinjalakkuda Muncipality 4

54. Chavakkad Muncipality 5

55. Pookode 5

56. Kunnamkulam Muncipality 5

57. Kadavallur 5

58. Thaikkad 5

59. Guruvayr Muncipality 5

60. Chowannur 5

61. Kadangode 5

62. Varavoor 5

63. Vallathol Nagar 5

64. Desamangalam 5

65. Panjal 5

66. Thiruvilwamala 5

67. Kondazhi 5

68. Valappad 5

69. Edathiruthy 5

70. Padiyur 5

71. Poomagalam 5

72. Vellurkkara 5

SL No. LSG Value ofCentrality

ANNEXE - 13

248



73. Alur 5

74. Chalakkudy Muncipality 5

75. Kodassery 5

76. Pariyaram 5

77. Punnayurkulam 6

78. Punnayur 6

79. Vadakkekkad 6

80. Kattakampal 6

81. Porkulam 6

82. Kaipamagalam 6

83. Perinjanam 6

84. Mathilakam 6

85. Vellangallur 6

86. Puthenchira 6

87. Mala 6

88. Kadukutty 6

89. Melur 6

90. Athirapally 6

91. Koratty 6

92. Sreenarayanapuram 7

93. Kodungallur Muncipality 7

94. Poyya 7

95. Edavilangu 7

96. Eriyad 7

97. Methala 7

98. Kuzhur 7

99. Annamanada 7

REGIONAL CENTRALITYSL No. LSG Value of

CentralitySL No. LSG Value of

Centrality

249

AN

NEXE


Departm

ent of Town &


epartment of Tow


DETERMINATION OF THE SECOND ORDER SETTLEMENTS FROM NE AND SE SUB REGIONS

N_E MULLURKKARA 4 0.0 0.0 0 1 4 1 2.0 0.0 0 2.0

N_E ERUMAPETTY 4 0.0 0.0 0 2 0 1 1.0 1.0 0 1.0

N_E VARAVOOR 4 0.0 0.0 0 2 0 2 0.0 2.0 0 1.0

N_E WADAKKANCHERRY 3 0.0 1.0 1 2 2 1 3.0 2.0 1 0.0

N_E VALLATHOL NAGAR 4 0.0 0.0 0 2 3 1 1.0 1.0 1 1.0

N_E THEKKUMKARA 4 0.0 0.0 0 2 0 2 0.0 2.0 0 1.0

N_E PAZHAYANNUR 3 0.0 0.0 1 2 0 2 1.0 2.0 1 0.0

N_E CHELAKKARA 3 0.0 0.0 0 2 0 2 0.0 2.0 1 0.0

N_E PANJAL 4 0.0 0.0 0 2 0 2 0.0 2.0 0 1.0

N_E MUNDATHIKODE 3 0.0 0.0 0 3 0 1 1.0 0.0 2 0.0

N_E DESAMANGALAM 4 0.0 0.0 0 3 0 2 0.0 1.0 1 1.0

N_E MULAMKKUNNATHUKKAVU 4 0.0 0.0 0 3 3 1 1.0 0.0 2 1.0

N_E PANANCHERY 4 0.0 0.0 0 3 0 2 0.0 1.0 1 1.0

N_E MADAKKATHARA 4 0.0 0.0 0 3 0 2 0.0 1.0 1 1.0

N_E THIRUVILWAMALA 4 0.0 0.0 0 3 0 2 0.0 1.0 1 1.0

N_E KONDAZHI 4 0.0 0.0 0 3 0 2 0.0 1.0 1 1.0

S-E MATTATHUR 4 0.0 0.0 0 1 0 2 1.0 1.0 0 1.0

S-E KODASSERRY 4 0.0 0.0 0 2 0 2 0.0 2.0 0 1.0

S-E VARANDARAPILLY 4 0.0 0.0 0 2 0 2 0.0 2.0 0 1.0

S-E ALAGAPPANAGAR 4 0.0 0.0 0 3 0 1 1.0 0.0 1 1.0

S-E TRIKKUR 4 0.0 0.0 0 3 0 1 1.0 0.0 1 1.0

S-E PARIYARAM 4 0.0 0.0 0 3 0 1 1.0 0.0 1 1.0

S-E ATHIRAPALLY 4 0.0 0.0 0 3 0 1 1.0 0.0 1 1.0

S-E NADATHARA 4 0.0 0.0 0 3 0 1 1.0 0.0 1 1.0

S-E PUTHUR 4 0.0 0.0 0 3 0 1 1.0 0.0 1 1.0

Division LSG Name ExistingHeirachy

Administrative statusDistHQ

TalukHQ

BlockHQ

Centrality(Sub

regional )

Connectivity

Rail waysation

Road

Countof 1

Countof 2

Countof 3

Countof 4

ANNEXE - 14

250



SECOND ORDER SETTLEMENTS, THEIR SERVICE AREA & SERVICE POPULATION

Second Order settlements

Number Servicesettlements

Population Total servicePopulation

CHELAKKARA

2001 2021 2001 2001

1 THEKKUMKKARA 28653 31661

2 PANANCHERY 42418 46871

3 WADAKKANCHERY 31652 34975

4 MULLURKARA 18276 20194

5 VALLATHOL NAGAR 23485 25950

6 DESAMANGALAM 20280 22409

7 PAZHAYANNUR 38117 42118

8 CHELAKKARA 38483 42523

9 PANJAL 22880 25282

10 THIRUVILWAMALA 27405 30282

11 KONDAZHI 21266 23498

1 PUNNAYURKULAM 31818 35158

2 PUNNAYUR 33100 36575

3 VADAKKEKAD 24810 27414

4 KATTAKAMPAL 24981 27603

5 CHAVAKKAD MUNCIPALITY 38138 42141

6 POOKODE 30861 34100

7 KUNNAMKULAM MUNCIPALITY 51592 57008

8 KAIPARAMBA 27500 30387

9 KADAVALLUR 33140 36619

10 KADAPPURAM 23858 26362

11 ORUMANAYUR 11778 13014

12 THAIKKAD 14959 16529

13 GURUVAYOOR MUNCIPALITY 21186 23410

14 KANDANASSERY 23439 25899

15 ERUMAPETTY 28959 31999

16 KANDANGODE 29724 32844

17 ENGANDIYUR 23329 25778

18 VENKITENGU 25660 28354

19 PAVARATTY 20510 22663

20 ELAVALLY 24692 27284

21 THOLLUR 17005 18790

22 CHOONDAL 29688 32804

23 VELLUR 25305 27961

24 VARAVOOR 18745 20713

25 MULLASSERY 20944 23142

26 CHOWANNUR 15426 17045

27 PORKULAM 15192 16787

312915 345763

KUNNAMKULAMMUNCIPALITY

686339 758383

ANNEXE - 15

251



1 VARANTHARAPILLY 38932 43019

2 MATTATHUR 45919 50739

3 KODASSERY 33061 36531

4 ATHIRAPALLY 9643 10655

5 PUTHUR 46110 50950

1 ALUR 40562 44820

2 KODAKARA 30123 33285

3 POYYA 22106 24426

4 MALA 33177 36660

5 CHALAKKUDY MC 48380 53458

6 KUZHUR 19956 22051

7 ANNAMANADA 28724 31739

8 KADUKUTTY 23488 25954

9 MELUR 26538 29324

10 PARIYARAM 21972 24278

11 KORATTY 31984 35341

12 PARAPPUKKARA 29605 32713

13 PUDUKKAD 22480 24840

14 ALAGAPPANAGAR 26798 29611

15 PUTHENCHIRA 20964 23165

16 METHALA 36120 39912

1 PADIYUR 18155 20061

2 POOMANGALAM 11905 13155

3 VELUKKARA 27673 30578

4 MURIYAD 25472 28146

5 PORATHISSERY 31634 34955

6 KAIPAMANGALAM 33293 36788

7 PERINJANAM 20340 22475

8 MATHILAKAM 26727 29533

9 VELLANGALLUR 35454 39176

10 NATTIKA 19881 21968

11 THANNIYAM 28419 31402

12 SREENARAYANAPURAM 36667 40516

13 KODUGALLUR MC 33539 37060

14 EDAVILANGU 19537 21588




2001 2021 2001 2001

MATTATHUR

CHALAKKUDYMUNCIPALITY

173665 191894

IRINJALAKUDAMUNCIPALITY 544229 601359

252



15 ERIYAD 44863 49572

16 KARALAM 20458 22605

17 IRINJALAKUDA MC 28873 31904

18 KATTUR 17574 19419

19 VALAPPAD 34833 38489

20 ESDATHIRUTHY 28932 31969

1 MANALUR 31179 34452

2 ADAT 27615 30514

3 THALIKULAM 24180 26718

4 PARALAM 22367 24715

5 KOLAZHI 27180 30033

6 NENMANIKKARA 21112 23328

7 TRIKKUR 26540 29326

8 ARIMPUR 27368 30241

9 AVANUR 20040 22144

10 MUNDATHIKODE 25432 28102

11 CHAZHUR 28761 31780

12 THRISSUR Municipal Corporation 317526 350857

13 MULAMKUNNATHUKAVU 18510 20453

14 MADAKKATHARA 24934 27551

15 CHERPU 36269 40076

16 AVANISSERY 19401 21438

17 VALLACHIRA 18019 19910

26 ANTHIKKAD 20846 23034

27 NADATHARA 27459 30341

20 VADANAPILLY 29161 32222

THRISSURMUNICIPAL

CORPORATION

793899



PopulationTotal servicePopulation

2001 2021 2001 2001

877235

253



Third order settlements, their service area & service populationThird Order settlements Number Service

settlementsPopulation Total service

Population

KUNNAMKULAMMUNICIPALCOUNCIL

2001 2021 2001 2001

1 PUNNAYURKULAM 31818 35158

2 PUNNAYUR 33100 365753 VADAKKEKAD 24810 27414

4 KATTAKAMBAL 24981 276035 KUNNAMKULAM MC 51592 57008

6 PORKULAM 15192 167877 KADAVALLUR 33140 36619

8 CHOWANNUR 15426 170459 KADANGODE 29724 32844

10 CHOONDAL 29688 32804

1 CHAVAKKAD MC 38138 421412 POOKODE 30861 34100

3 KADAPPURAM 23858 263624 ORMANAYUR 11778 13014

5 THAIKKAD 14959 165296 GURUVAYUR MC 21186 23410

7 KADANISSERY 23439 258998 PAVARATTY 20510 22663

9 ELAVALLY 24692 27284

1 KAIPARAMBA 27500 303872 VELUR 25305 27961

3 ERUMAPETTY 28959 319994 VARAVOOR 18745 20713

5 AVANUR 20040 221446 MUNDATHIKODE 25432 28102

7 WADAKKANCHERY 31652 349758 MULLURKKARA 18276 20194

9 VALLTHOL NAGAR 23485 2595010 DESAMANGALAM 20280 22409

11 MULAMKKUNATHUKAVU 18510 2045312 THEKKUMKKARA 28653 31661

1 PAZHAYANNUR 38117 42118

2 CHELAKKARA 38483 425233 PANJAL 22880 25282

4 THIRUVILWAMALA 27405 302825 KONDAZHI 21266 23498

GURUVAYURMUNICIPALCOUNCIL

289471 319857

209421 231402

WADAKKANCHERY286837 316948

CHELAKKARA 148151 163703

ANNEXE - 16

254



1 THALIKULAM 24180 26718

2 ANTHIKKAD 20846 23034

3 CHAZHUR 28761 31780

4 NATTIKKA 19881 21968

5 THANNIYAM 28419 31402

6 KATTUR 17574 19419

7 CHERPU 36269 40076

8 VALAPPAD 34833 38489

9 ESDATHIRUTHY 28932 31969

10 KAIPAMANGALAM 33293 36788

1 ENGANDIYUR 23329 25778

2 VENKITANGU 25660 28354

3 THOLUR 17005 18790

4 VADANAPPILLY 29161 32222

5 MANALUR 31179 34452

6 ARIMPUR 27368 30241

7 ADAT 27615 30514

8 MULLASSERY 20944 23142

1 PARALAM 22367 24715

2 THRISSUR Muni. Corporation 317526 350857

3 KOLAZHY 27180 30033

4 AVINISSERY 19401 21438

5 NADATHARA 27459 30341

6 MADAKKATHARA 24934 27551

1 PUTHUR 46110 50950

2 PANANCHERY 42418 46871

1 VALLACHIRA 18019 19910

2 NENMANIKKARA 21112 23328

3 PARAPPUKKARA 29605 32713

4 PUDUKKAD 22480 24840

5 ALAGAPPANAGAR 26798 29611

6 THRIKKUR 26540 29326

1 VARANDARAPPILLY 38932 43019

2 MATTATHUR 45919 50739

3 KODASSERY 33061 36531

4 ATHIRAPPALLY 9643 10655

Third Order settlements



VALAPPAD

2001 2021 2001 2001

VENKITANGU

272988 301643

202261 223493

THRISSURMUNICIPAL

CORPORATION

PANANCHERY

144554 159728

438867 484935

88528 97821

ALAGAPPANAGAR

127555 140944MATTATHUR

255



1 ALUR 40562 44820

2 KODAKARA 30123 33285

3 MALA 33177 36660

4 CHALAKKUDY MUNICIPAL COUNCIL 48380 53458

5 KUZHUR 19956 22051

6 ANNAMANADA 28724 31739

7 KADUKKUTTY 23488 25954

8 MELUR 26538 29324

9 PARIYARAM 21972 24278

10 KORATTY 31984 35341

1 MATHILAKAM 26727 29533

2 VELLANGALLUR 35454 39176

3 PUTHENCHIRA 20964 23165

4 SREENARAYANAPURAM 36667 40516

5 KODUNGALLUR Municipal Council 33539 37060

6 POYYA 22106 24426

7 EDAVILANGU 19537 21588

8 ERIYAD 44863 49572

9 METHALA 36120 39912

1 PADIYUR 18155 20061

2 POOMANGALAM 11905 13155

3 VELUKKARA 27673 30578

4 MURIYAD 25472 28146

5 PORATHISSERY 31634 34955

6 PERINJANAM 20340 22475

7 KARALAM 20458 22605

8 IRINJALAKKUDA MC 28873 31904

Third Order settlements


PopulationTotal servicePopulation

CHALAKKUDYMUNCIPAL COUNCIL

2001 2021 2001 2001

KODUNGALLURMUNICIPAL COUNCIL

304904 336910

275977 304948

IRINJALAKUDAMUNICIPAL

COUNCIL

184510 203879

256


NN

EXE

Departm

ent of Town &


epartment of Tow


Name of Panchayat

Total main

workers

calculated

Main

Cultivators

Main

Agricultural

Labourers

Livestock,

Forestry,

Fishing,

Hunting,

Plantation,

Orchards,

and allied

activites

Mining

and

Quarring

Manufacturing,

Processing

Serviciing and

repairs in

Household

industries

Manufacturing,

Processing,

servicing and

repairs in other

than household

industries

Trade and

commerce

Transport,

storage and

Communication

Others

Total Non

Agr male

workers

% of

Non agr

male

workers

Year 2021 Male Male Male Male Male Male Male Male Male Male 2021

Kadavallur 5561.93 389.33 945.53 166.86 111.24 222.48 778.67 1279.24 444.95 1223.63 4616.40 83.00

Kadangode 4948.99 343.00 980.00 147.00 245.00 147.00 980.00 833.00 392.00 882.00 3968.99 80.20

Valappad 3312.13 66.91 66.91 736.03 0.00 468.38 334.56 669.11 200.74 769.48 3245.21 97.98

Desamangalam 3502.68 280.21 875.67 140.11 140.11 175.13 385.29 560.43 210.16 735.56 2627.01 75.00

Engandiyur 5617.14 168.51 56.17 1291.94 56.17 112.34 561.71 1067.26 505.54 1797.48 5560.97 99.00

Varavoor 4019.41 287.10 1148.40 123.04 41.01 164.06 656.23 697.25 205.07 697.25 2871.01 71.43

Panjal 4634.19 370.73 1482.94 231.71 139.03 139.03 370.73 556.10 278.05 1065.86 3151.25 68.00

Kondhazhi 4651.83 604.74 1907.25 186.07 0.00 139.55 418.66 604.74 186.07 604.74 2744.58 59.00

Thiruvilwamala 6058.08 415.75 1663.00 59.39 59.39 950.29 1069.07 772.11 296.96 772.11 4395.08 72.55

Pazhayannur 8148.24 977.79 3096.33 407.41 81.48 244.45 733.34 896.30 488.90 1222.24 5051.91 62.00

Chelakkara 7819.83 781.98 2736.94 390.99 78.20 312.79 625.59 1016.58 469.19 1407.57 5082.89 65.00

Mullurkkara 3298.92 263.91 626.80 131.96 65.98 98.97 593.80 461.85 329.89 725.76 2672.12 81.00

Thekkumkkara 5883.51 647.18 1235.54 294.17 294.17 176.51 1117.87 706.02 353.01 1059.03 4647.97 79.00

Wadakkanchery 6231.51 370.19 740.38 246.79 61.70 308.49 863.77 1172.26 616.98 1850.94 5491.13 88.12

Chowannur 2945.29 238.00 386.76 29.75 0.00 119.00 624.76 535.51 297.50 714.01 2558.54 86.87

Porkulam 2815.14 199.05 568.72 28.44 28.44 85.31 369.66 568.72 255.92 710.89 2246.43 79.80

Kattakampal 4771.36 286.28 715.70 95.43 47.72 190.85 620.28 1288.27 429.42 1097.41 4055.65 85.00

Kandanissery 4113.14 203.62 325.79 162.89 40.72 162.90 1018.10 692.31 325.79 1181.00 3787.34 92.08

Choondal 5085.39 308.20 873.25 102.73 0.00 205.47 1078.72 821.88 462.31 1232.82 4212.14 82.83

Velur 4844.77 290.68 1211.19 145.34 96.89 193.79 968.95 532.92 290.68 1114.30 3633.58 75.00

Mundathikode 5044.42 399.56 749.17 149.83 99.89 299.67 1098.78 599.34 399.56 1248.62 4295.25 85.15

Punnayurkulam 4428.74 219.24 657.73 438.49 0.00 175.40 570.04 789.28 306.94 1271.62 3771.01 85.15

Vadakkekad 3367.78 101.03 235.74 269.42 0.00 101.03 404.13 740.91 235.74 1279.76 3132.03 93.00

NUMBER OF WORKERS IN NINE FOLD CATEGORY -PROJECTED (YEAR 2021)

ANNEXE - 17

257

AN

NEXE


Departm

ent of Town &


epartment of Tow


Name of Panchayat

Total main

workers

calculated

Main

Cultivators

Main

Agricultural

Labourers

Livestock,

Forestry,

Fishing,

Hunting,

Plantation,

Orchards,

and allied

activites

Mining

and

Quarring

Manufacturing,

Processing

Serviciing and

repairs in

Household

industries

Manufacturing,

Processing,

servicing and

repairs in other

than household

industries

Trade and

commerce

Transport,

storage and

Communication

Others

Total Non

Agr male

workers

% of

Non agr

male

workers

Punnayur 4442.38 133.27 177.69 977.32 0.00 133.27 488.66 1155.02 310.97 1066.17 4264.68 96.00

Orumanayur 1204.01 12.16 0.00 145.94 12.16 36.49 194.59 267.56 145.94 389.18 1204.01 100.00

Kadapuram 2881.70 28.82 28.82 1008.60 0.00 28.82 345.81 633.98 230.54 576.34 2852.89 99.00

Edavilangu 3438.93 34.39 34.39 619.01 0.00 1169.24 206.34 515.84 240.73 619.01 3404.54 99.00

Esdathiruthy 4103.82 124.36 207.26 538.89 0.00 497.43 331.62 1119.22 290.17 994.86 3896.55 94.95

Mullassery 3932.97 235.98 825.92 196.65 0.00 39.33 668.60 432.63 314.64 1219.22 3107.05 79.00

Venkitangu 3989.31 159.57 359.04 558.51 0.00 79.79 718.07 718.07 279.25 1117.01 3630.27 91.00

Vallachira 5998.55 179.96 599.86 239.94 59.99 419.90 1739.58 659.84 419.90 1679.59 5398.69 90.00

Thalikulam 3522.18 104.62 139.49 662.59 0.00 139.49 488.22 802.08 244.11 941.57 3382.69 96.04

Nattika 2964.45 59.89 149.72 509.05 29.94 209.61 389.27 568.94 239.55 808.49 2814.73 94.95

Vallatholenagar 5517.53 273.15 928.69 163.89 54.63 273.14 491.66 1147.21 819.43 1365.72 4588.84 83.17

Pookode 5042.28 50.42 151.27 453.80 0.00 151.27 1159.72 1109.30 504.23 1462.26 4891.01 97.00

Thaikkad 2282.37 22.82 68.47 159.77 0.00 45.65 524.95 479.30 182.59 798.83 2213.90 97.00

Pavaratty 2841.86 28.42 28.42 312.60 28.42 28.42 483.12 568.37 198.93 1165.17 2813.45 99.00

Kaiparamba 5559.29 336.93 505.39 56.16 0.00 168.46 2470.79 617.70 393.08 1010.78 5053.90 90.91

Avanur 4277.88 256.67 556.12 85.56 0.00 213.89 1197.81 513.35 342.23 1112.25 3721.76 87.00

Mulamkkunnathukkavu 3689.36 147.57 332.04 110.68 73.79 110.68 996.13 516.51 258.25 1143.70 3357.32 91.00

Madakkathara 5112.82 404.98 708.71 354.35 151.87 101.24 911.20 506.22 404.98 1569.28 4404.11 86.14

Tholur 3526.25 284.95 569.90 71.24 0.00 71.24 1389.13 356.19 142.47 641.14 2956.35 83.84

Adat 5551.25 272.12 544.24 108.85 54.42 163.27 1415.03 707.51 544.24 1741.57 5007.01 90.20

Kolazhy 5527.16 223.32 390.81 55.83 0.00 223.32 1339.92 1060.77 558.30 1674.90 5136.35 92.93

Pananchery 8765.48 796.86 1593.72 885.40 177.08 177.08 708.32 1151.02 1062.48 2213.50 7171.75 81.82

Puthur 9294.56 743.56 1022.40 464.73 92.95 278.84 2602.47 1208.29 1022.40 1858.91 8272.15 89.00

258


NN

EXE

Departm

ent of Town &


epartment of Tow


Name of Panchayat

Total main

workers

calculated

Main

Cultivators

Main

Agricultural

Labourers

Livestock,

Forestry,

Fishing,

Hunting,

Plantation,

Orchards,

and allied

activites

Mining

and

Quarring

Manufacturing,

Processing

Serviciing and

repairs in

Household

industries

Manufacturing,

Processing,

servicing and

repairs in other

than household

industries

Trade and

commerce

Transport,

storage and

Communication

Others

Total Non

Agr male

workers

% of

Non agr

male

workers

Nadathara 5965.35 295.32 472.50 295.32 59.06 236.25 1299.38 945.00 708.75 1653.76 5492.84 92.08

Arimpur 5215.31 260.76 886.60 208.61 0.00 104.31 938.76 886.60 469.38 1460.29 4328.71 83.00

Manalur 5473.15 218.93 437.85 492.58 0.00 164.19 820.97 1258.82 602.04 1477.75 5035.30 92.00

Anthikkad 3325.66 199.54 399.08 432.34 0.00 99.77 399.08 665.13 299.31 831.42 2926.58 88.00

Chazhur 5017.21 304.07 1216.29 456.11 0.00 101.36 557.47 912.22 354.75 1114.94 3800.91 75.76

Paralam 4522.63 361.81 859.30 180.91 0.00 271.36 949.75 633.17 361.81 904.53 3663.33 81.00

Cherpu 6751.76 200.55 668.49 200.55 66.85 601.64 1537.53 1136.43 534.79 1804.93 6083.26 90.10

Thanniyam 4401.97 264.12 572.26 396.18 44.02 132.06 528.24 836.37 352.16 1276.57 3829.71 87.00

Varandarappilly 7843.37 549.04 705.90 2353.01 78.43 313.73 784.34 862.77 470.60 1725.54 7137.47 91.00

Avinissery 3664.32 36.64 146.57 73.29 0.00 219.86 1319.16 622.93 366.43 879.43 3517.74 96.00

Eriyad 4471.21 0.00 45.17 993.60 0.00 903.27 496.80 812.95 406.48 812.95 4426.04 98.99

Kaipamangalam 5425.33 54.25 54.25 1085.07 0.00 1464.84 434.03 1139.32 325.52 868.05 5371.07 99.00

Perinjanam 3231.87 32.00 32.00 607.98 0.00 703.97 287.99 607.98 255.99 703.97 3199.87 99.01

Mathilakam 4787.46 142.20 94.80 663.61 0.00 1327.21 331.81 853.21 331.81 1042.81 4692.66 98.02

Sreenarayanapuram 7191.12 72.64 72.64 1234.84 0.00 2106.49 726.37 1307.48 508.46 1162.20 7118.48 98.99

Erumapetty 3923.29 274.63 431.56 117.70 39.23 313.86 902.36 588.49 274.63 980.82 3491.73 89.00

Elavally 8345.17 333.81 667.62 333.81 0.00 417.26 2253.20 1168.32 584.16 2587.01 7677.56 92.00

Poyya 3891.82 154.13 154.13 770.66 115.60 77.07 500.93 577.99 385.33 1155.99 3737.69 96.04

Methala 7007.06 0.00 70.07 770.78 70.07 770.78 1051.06 1471.48 700.70 2102.12 6936.99 99.00

Kattur 2747.38 109.89 302.21 192.32 0.00 109.90 329.68 631.90 219.79 851.69 2445.17 89.00

Karalam 3473.08 277.85 486.23 208.39 34.73 69.46 659.88 590.42 312.58 833.54 2986.85 86.00

Porathissery 5565.91 333.95 834.89 222.64 0.00 222.64 1168.84 834.89 445.27 1502.80 4731.02 85.00

Parappukkara 5958.22 408.90 817.80 292.07 58.42 175.24 1577.18 759.38 584.14 1285.11 5140.43 86.27

259

AN

NEXE


Departm

ent of Town &


epartment of Tow


Name of Panchayat

Total main

workers

calculated

Main

Cultivators

Main

Agricultural

Labourers

Livestock,

Forestry,

Fishing,

Hunting,

Plantation,

Orchards,

and allied

activites

Mining

and

Quarring

Manufacturing,

Processing

Serviciing and

repairs in

Household

industries

Manufacturing,

Processing,

servicing and

repairs in other

than household

industries

Trade and

commerce

Transport,

storage and

Communication

Others

Total Non

Agr male

workers

% of

Non agr

male

workers

Nenmanikkara 4121.36 82.43 288.50 123.64 0.00 123.64 1854.62 453.35 412.14 783.06 3832.87 93.00

Thrikkur 5059.93 303.60 607.19 202.40 0.00 202.40 1568.58 708.39 505.99 961.39 4452.74 88.00

Alagappanagar 5131.63 307.90 513.16 153.95 51.32 153.95 1898.70 667.11 359.21 1026.33 4618.47 90.00

Vadanappilly 7540.93 150.82 226.23 1357.37 75.41 226.23 980.32 1885.24 678.68 1960.64 7314.71 97.00

Pudukkad 4417.81 349.93 437.41 218.70 131.22 131.22 1093.52 699.85 437.41 918.56 3980.41 90.10

Muriyad 4953.49 396.28 792.56 198.14 49.54 148.60 1040.23 743.02 396.28 1188.84 4160.93 84.00

Poomangalam 1991.53 139.41 219.07 159.32 0.00 59.75 338.56 318.64 159.32 597.46 1772.46 89.00

Velukkara 4677.44 467.75 701.62 280.65 46.77 140.32 795.17 748.39 420.97 1075.81 3975.82 85.00

Padiyur 3119.21 185.30 401.48 463.25 30.89 308.83 339.72 494.13 216.18 679.43 2717.72 87.13

Alur 8319.76 1092.49 1176.53 420.19 84.04 168.08 1764.80 1176.53 588.26 1848.84 7143.23 85.86

Kodakara 6081.01 790.53 790.53 425.67 121.62 182.43 1459.44 790.53 364.86 1155.39 5290.48 87.00

Mattathur 9630.36 1155.64 1733.46 1348.25 192.61 288.91 1540.86 1251.95 577.82 1540.86 7896.90 82.00

Kodassery 6781.09 678.11 1491.84 1152.78 67.81 135.62 881.54 678.11 542.49 1152.78 5289.25 78.00

Pariyaram 4639.88 510.39 1067.17 463.99 324.79 46.40 510.39 510.39 463.99 742.38 3572.71 77.00

Vellangallur 5899.45 235.98 530.95 589.94 117.99 353.97 1061.90 1061.90 648.94 1297.88 5368.50 91.00

Puthenchira 3592.03 395.12 646.57 359.20 71.84 71.84 466.97 574.72 287.36 718.41 2945.47 82.00

Mala 5774.49 514.56 571.73 628.91 57.17 57.17 914.77 971.94 514.56 1543.67 5202.76 90.10

Kadukkutty 4314.31 345.14 388.29 215.71 43.14 43.14 1294.29 604.00 302.00 1078.58 3926.02 91.00

Melur 5801.55 522.14 1392.37 290.08 116.03 58.02 1044.28 754.20 348.10 1276.34 4409.18 76.00

Koratty 6191.43 433.40 928.72 123.83 61.91 61.91 2228.91 557.23 433.40 1362.11 5262.71 85.00

Annamanada 5503.31 660.40 1045.63 330.20 110.07 110.07 1100.66 770.46 330.20 1045.63 4457.68 81.00

Kuzhur 3849.87 384.99 538.98 384.99 38.50 153.99 577.48 731.47 230.99 808.47 3310.89 86.00

260


NN

EXE

Departm

ent of Town &


epartment of Tow


Name of Panchayat

Total main

workers

calculated

Main

Cultivators

Main

Agricultural

Labourers

Livestock,

Forestry,

Fishing,

Hunting,

Plantation,

Orchards,

and allied

activites

Mining

and

Quarring

Manufacturing,

Processing

Serviciing and

repairs in

Household

industries

Manufacturing,

Processing,

servicing and

repairs in other

than household

industries

Trade and

commerce

Transport,

storage and

Communication

Others

Total Non

Agr male

workers

% of

Non agr

male

workers

Athirappilly2606.09 52.65 131.62 1763.72 0.00 0.00 157.95 157.95 105.29 236.92 2474.47 94.95

Chalakkudy Municipality 9589.02 379.76 664.59 284.82 94.94 284.82 1993.76 2183.64 1234.23 2468.46 8924.44 93.07

Chavakkad Municipality 5629.05 55.73 55.73 780.26 0.00 111.47 1504.80 1226.13 613.07 1281.86 5573.32 99.01

Guruvayur Municipality 3556.10 35.21 35.21 140.84 0.00 70.42 563.34 880.22 281.67 1549.19 3520.89 99.01

Irinjalakkuda Municipality 5289.48 53.43 106.86 106.86 0.00 213.72 801.43 1549.44 534.29 1923.44 5182.62 97.98

Kodungallur Municipality 5928.36 59.88 119.76 598.82 0.00 718.59 958.12 1197.65 538.94 1736.59 5808.59 97.98

Kunnamkulam

Municipality8457.60 169.15 592.03 253.73 0.00 422.88 1776.10 1860.67 845.76 2537.28 7865.57 93.00

Thrissur Corporation 70507.82 705.08 1410.16 1410.16 0.00 2115.23 14806.64 19037.11 7050.78 23972.66 69097.67 98.00

261



List of LSGs in each Activity Zone

No Grama PanchayatZonal Classification

1 Adat

Intensive Agriculture Zone, Accelerated Growth Zone

Institutional, Environmental concern zone

2 Alagappanagar

Intensive Agriculture Zone, Economic Development

Corridor(EDC)

3 Aloor


Corridor(EDC)

4 Annamanada


Corridor(EDC)

5 Anthikad


Marine, Environmental concern zone

6 ArimburIntensive Agriculture Zone, Environmental concern zone

7 AthirappilyIntensive Agriculture Zone, Environmental concern zone

8 AvanurAccelerated Growth Zone Industries

9 AvnisseryAccelerated Growth Zone Industries

10 Chalakkudy(m)


Corridor(EDC)

11 Chavakkad(m)Multifunctional Zone II, Environmental concern zone

12 ChazhoorIntensive Agriculture Zone, Environmental concern zone

13 ChelakkaraIntensive Agriculture Zone

14 Cherpu

Intensive Agriculture Zone, Environmental concern zone,

Accelerated Growth Zone Industries

15 Choondal

Accelerated Growth Zone Institutional, Intensive

Agriculture Zone

16 Chowannur

Accelerated Growth Zone Institutional, Intensive

Agriculture Zone

17 DesamangalamIntensive Agriculture Zone

18 Edathiruthy

Accelerated Growth Zone Marine, Environmental concern

zone

19 Edavilangu


zone

20 ElavallyIntensive Agriculture Zone

21 Engadiyoor


zone

ANNEXE - 18

Municipality/

262



22 EriyadMultifunctional Zone II, Environmental concern zone

23 ErumapettyIntensive Agriculture Zone

24 Guruvayoor(m)Multifunctional Zone II

25 Irinjalakuda(m)Multifunctional Zone II

26 KadangodeIntensive Agriculture Zone

27 Kadappuram


zone

28 KadavallorIntensive Agriculture Zone

29 Kadukutty


Corridor(EDC)

30 Kaipamangalam


zone

31 KaiparambuAccelerated Growth Zone Institutional

32 KandanisseryIntensive Agriculture Zone

33 KaralamAccelerated Growth Zone Industries

34 KattakampalEnvironmental concern zone, Intensive Agriculture Zone

35 Kattoor

Accelerated Growth Zone Marine, Accelerated Growth

Zone Industries

36 KodakaraEconomic Development Corridor(EDC)

37 KodasseryIntensive Agriculture Zone, Environmental concern zone

38 Kodugallore(m)Multifunctional Zone II

39 Kolazhy

Accelerated Growth Zone Institutional, Accelerated

Growth Zone Industries

40 KondazhyIntensive Agriculture Zone

41 Koratty


Corridor(EDC)

42 Kunnamkulam (m)Multifunctional Zone II

43 KuzhurIntensive Agriculture Zone

263



44 MadakkatharaIntensive Agriculture Zone

45 MalaAccelerated Growth Zone Industries

46 Manalur


Marine

47 Mathilakam


zone

48 Mattathur


Economic Development Corridor(EDC)

49 Melur


Corridor(EDC)

50 MethalaMultifunctional Zone II

51 MulankunnathkavuAccelerated Growth Zone Industries

52 Mullassery


Marine

53 MuloorkaraIntensive Agriculture Zone

54 MundathikodeAccelerated Growth Zone Industries

55Muriyad


Accelerated Growth Zone Industries,Economic

56 NadatharaIntensive Agriculture Zone

57 Nattika


zone

58 NenmenikkaraEconomic Development Corridor(EDC)

59 OrumanayoorAccelerated Growth Zone Marine

60 Padiyoor

Accelerated Growth Zone Marine,Accelerated Growth

Zone Industries

61 PanancheryIntensive Agriculture Zone, Environmental concern zone

62 PanjalIntensive Agriculture Zone

63 ParalmAccelerated Growth Zone Industries

64 Parappukara


Corridor(EDC)

65 pariyaramIntensive Agriculture Zone

264



66 PavarattyAccelerated Growth Zone Marine

67 PazhayannurIntensive Agriculture Zone

68 Perinjanam


zone

69 PookodeIntensive Agriculture Zone

70 PoomangalamAccelerated Growth Zone Industries

71 Porathissery

Environmental concern zone, Accelerated Growth Zone

Industries

72 PorkulamEnvironmental concern zone, Intensive Agriculture Zone

73 PoyyaAccelerated Growth Zone Industries

74 Pudukkad


Corridor(EDC)

75 PunnayoorkulamIntensive Agriculture Zone, Environmental concern zone

76 PunnayurIntensive Agriculture Zone, Environmental concern zone

77 Puthenchira

Accelerated Growth Zone Industries, Economic

Development Corridor(EDC)

78 PuthurIntensive Agriculture Zone, Environmental concern zone



zone

80 Thalikulam


zone

81 Thannyam


Marine

82 ThekkumkaraIntensive Agriculture Zone

83 Thikkad


Marine

84 ThiruvilvamalaIntensive Agriculture Zone

85 TholoorIntensive Agriculture Zone, Environmental concern zone

86 Thrikkur

Intensive Agriculture Zone,Economic Development

Corridor(EDC)

87 Thrissur CorporationMultifunctional Zone I

265



88 VadakkekaduIntensive Agriculture Zone

89 Vadanappilly


zone

90 Valappad


zone

91 VallachiraAccelerated Growth Zone Industries

92 VallatholnagarIntensive Agriculture Zone

93 VaratharappillyIntensive Agriculture Zone, Environmental concern zone

94 VaravoorIntensive Agriculture Zone

95 Vellagalloor

Accelerated Growth Zone Industries, Economic

Development Corridor(EDC)

96 Velookara

Environmental concern zone,Accelerated Growth Zone

Industries, Economic Development Corridor(EDC)

97 VeloorIntensive Agriculture Zone

98 Venkidengu

Intensive Agriculture Zone,Accelerated Growth Zone

Marine, Environmental concern zone

99 WadakancheryIntensive Agriculture Zone

266

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