Costs of Biomass 500m fires lamps / every night Mother/child
mortality Accidents Deforestation CO 2 emissions / Black Soot
Violence Child cooking in kitchen hut Cooking Technology Homemade
paraffin lamp
Slide 7
If you could change the price of one thing in the developing
world to alleviate poverty by far you would pick energy Bill Gates,
2010 Cost of No Access GDP / Energy Consumption
Slide 8
Universal Modern Energy Access Electricity Cooking UMEAC =
250kWhr /year - $33bn for 20 yrs
Slide 9
Define Project Outcome Physical Processes Available Needs
Assessment Understand Resources available Technology People Money
Additional Constraints Pollution Economics Scale Research
Goals
Slide 10
What is Energy What do we mean when we want to deliver or
provision energy? Important things to consider Amount required Cost
to generate / convert Cost to operate Adverse impacts?
Outcomes
Slide 11
Needs Assessment Vs UMEAC (BoP) What is required to deliver
base level services 75 W Hr/ day = 25 kWhr / year Assumes
Biomass/Solar for Cooking Compare to UMEAC = 250kW/hr Scope for
Baseline energy Delivery to get people on the ladder at much lower
cost !!! Device#Voltage (V) Time (hrs) Current( A) Energy (Whr)
LEDs23.740.3512 Phone13.720.53 Fan21250.212 Radio163023 OLPC173318
TotalInc..50%buffer75
The A Solution !! Waste Heat (75%-90%) Heat for Electricity
(3-5%) Charcoal (Biochar) for Fertilizer Carbon Negative Heat for
Cooking (10-20%)
Slide 14
Lots of experience on nano-materials which are vital for next
gen thermo- electrics CRANN Materials Indentified / Screening
Accomplished Engineering Tradition (ZT / $) Centre For Energy
Devices Collaboration with Bio-Engineering to develop
differentiated low cost high temperature device Thermal
Conductivity Instrumentation Design Capability Ongoing
Collaboration with developing world Irish DFA (Malawi) Clinton
Global Initiative Strong industrial relationships - INTEL Brand
Trinity open doors overseas for collaboration Irish Aid / European
Commission / Center For Climate Justice Open Carb Why
University/Trinity Research
Slide 15
Thermoelectricity Direct Heat Conversion to Electricity Snyder,
Complex Thermoelectric Materials
Slide 16
Slide 17
Thermal Resistance Effective Thermal Conductivity R. Kempers,
P. Kolodner, A. Lyons & A.J. Robinson, 2008, A High-Precision
Apparatus for the Characterization of Thermal Interface Materials
Review of Scientific Instruments, 80, 095111(2009).
doi:10.1063/1.3193715 Unique Features Precision calibrated
thermistors; temperature uncertainty of 0.001K Robust uncertainty
analysis for all measured and calculated quantities Simultaneous
measurement of electrical resistance Thermal Conductivity Most
Accurate in Ireland (plane perpendicular) Phase 2 (Tony Robinson)
Films / Nanowires Test Concept Development In plane Combined ZT
Biggest Challenge Personnel Resources (New Blood /Grep /IRCSET)
????
Slide 18
TCD Stove Characterization
Slide 19
Bio-Engineering Collaboration Opp. Early Discussion with Kevin
(OKelly) Leverage institutional knowledge of functional ceramics
Joints Kevin has relationships with Schvets/Gunkos synthesis Post
Doc from a sabbatical partner Device Development, 2-3 stage process
Goal is 1/10 the cost of existing devices at > 50% of output
Absolutely disruptive !!! (Not just for this application _
Co-Generation, Industrial Energy Harvesting
Slide 20
Stove 1.0 3 T CO 2 offset per year ($20-$60) 80% + reduction in
particulates/ IAP Reduction in CO and other VOCs Impact on
Bronchial Health Reduction in Time Spent Collecting Wood Reduced
burden on women and children Deforestation Crop Fertilization (if
gassifier/biochar used) Carbon Sequestration (500 yr lifetime)
Electricity Night Light = 3 Extra Hours Mobile Phones / Laptop =
Information Age Income Generation / Socialization / Comfort System
Benefits
Slide 21
Key Differentiation of future TCD Device
FeaturesAdvantageBenefits Ferrite TEG MaterialLow CostDevice Cost
Reduction (Ceramic)Material AbundanceFuture Cost Trajectory/Scale
Material RobustnessLong life implies lower op cost per installed
capital $ High Temp CapabilityReduces Engineering integration Cost
Compared to current material Ceramic Material Sandwich Well
understood manuf. process Low Cost and Scalable process Direct
Sintering of Heat Sink to TEG Reduced System cost through
simplified thermal eng
Slide 22
3 yr Goals Year 1 3 W Power Plant (Rocket) 10 Whr battery
Storage 2 LED / Mobile Phone / Radio System Validation Proof of
Concept and Utilization in Malawi Year 2 10W Power Plant (30Whr
Storage) 50% x cost / efficiency improvement Gasifier / Fuel Oil
Versions Biochar / Fertilizer Model Franchisee Model Solar
Demonstration Patent Portfolio CDM Application Year 3 20W Power
Plant (250Whr Storage) Solar/Thermal Combination Electric Devices
Distribution
Slide 23
Power3W10W25W Energy Capacity 10Wh30Whr75Whr Year 1 BoM$100$125
$ 200 Year 1 Price$150$185- Year 2 BoM$50$70$100 Year 2
Price$70$105$150 Year 3 BoM$20$35$68 Year 3 Price$30$50$105 Device
RoadMap Cost $37.5 bn for 300m stoves (1.5 m users)
Slide 24
Universal Modern Energy Access Case Electricity Cooking
Reducing the Cost of Electricity Access
Slide 25
Globally - Who is resourced to Pay (Capoor and Ambrosi, 2009)
CarbonFossil Fuel Sub PhilanthropyMobile/ICT
Slide 26
In Summary Today more people lack access to electricity than
were alive when Edison invented modern electricity provisioning
Access to energy/electricity is one of the key determinants of
developing world growth Micro-Generation from Biomass is a viable
low cost strategy for 1 st level electricity/energy delivery to the
BoP Trinity is determined to play a leading academic social and
economic role in topical energy programme with our development
partner(s), Irish Aid
Slide 27
Team (TCD) Tony Robinson/ Kempers et al PI/Lecturer in
Thermodynamics/Test Chloe Kinsella / Sean ?Shane Gold Medal TCD
Graduate - M.Sc. Student ESBi - Energy Trading Seamus
OShaughnessy/Aonghus Heat & Mass Transfer Maurice Deasy MSc
Student Igor Schvets / John Boland CRANN (Materials) Kevin OKelly
et al Bioengineering
