Psychological DisordersPsychology 1107

Why study disorders?Disorders are pretty pervasive400 million people worldwideSchizophrenia and depression are culture free Help us understand normal folksMaybe disordered have too much or too little of somethingThey are sick, HELP THEM!

What is a disorderTo understand and study disorders we must first define what disordered meansAtypicalDisturbingMaladaptiveUnjustifiableVaries culturallyVaries temporallyHarm is the key really

Where do disorders come from?Evil!Remove blood, hair teeth, that ought to take care of it.

Drill a hole in the skull.

Medical PerspectivePinel realized it wasnt demonsStressors, inhumane treatmentSyphilisStill a pretty popular ideaBrain problemsSchizophrenia and depression are treated with drugs

Bio Psycho Social PerspectiveInteraction of nature and nurtureWhile schizophrenia and depression are universal, others are notSo say anxiety may lead to one disorder in one place and one in anotherPretty popular approach nowadays

ClassifyHave to know the overall characteristics of a disorderDSM Doesnt please everyoneDoesnt talk about causesNeurotic vs. psychotic disorders

DSMMany categoriesProperly used the DSM is valid and reliableCritics say it is just labelingRosenhan (1973)More and more people seem to understand the idea of it being more like sickness

A warningThis system is for trained professionalsPlease do not try this at home

Anxiety disordersGeneralized anxiety disorders, phobias, OCDGAD is also known as free floating anxietyCam escalate into a panic attackScaryAvoid situationsagoraphobia

PhobiasAnxiety is focused on some object or situationCan be incapacitatingEasily treatedMore on that in another lecture.

Obsessive Compulsive DisorderMany of us can see a bit of OCD in ourselvesWhen it interferes with daily life, that is when it becomes a problemSo where do OCD and GAD come from?LearningEvolutionary explanations

Dissociaciative disordersAmnesiaFugueDissociative Identity Disorder (MPD)Only in America.May not really even exist

Mood disordersWe all have bad days, but not like thisMajor depressive disorder involvesLethargyLoss of interest in everythingFeelings of worthlessnessNot just being sadDysthimic disorder is a minor version

Bipolar disorderFrom depression to maniaGrandiose optimismToo much esteemNo sex differences

Some key depressing facts..Cognitive changesDepression is widespreadSex differencesUsually short livedStressful events before onsetRate increasing, age of onset decreasing

BiologyClear genetic effectsNE and 5Ht correlate with moodMost drugs that are effective operate on these systems

Social cognitive approachSelf defeating moods and thoughtsThoughts feed moodsMoods feed thoughtsAww whats the use.

SchizophreniaIS NOT MULTIPLE PERSONALITY DISORDERIt is disordered thinkingIt is distorted perceptionsIt is inappropriate emotins and actionsCan be chronic or acute

TypesPositive and negative symptomsParanoidDisorganizedCatatonicundifferentiated

Why?Not socialGeneticBiologicalDopamine is the key

Personality disordersDebilitating personality, not just annoyingBorderlineNarcissisticHistrionicAntisocialPsychopath or sociopath

RatesAbout 30 % of people have had a disorder, about 20 % have one right nowRemember this includes phobias, drug problemsTwo times higher under the poverty lineSomething has to be done