Diseases of Intestine of farm Diseases of Intestine of farm AssiutAssiutanimals for Vet. Students animals for Vet. Students

ByByDr. Ali H. SadiekDr. Ali H. Sadiek

Prof. of Internal Veterinary Medicine and Prof. of Internal Veterinary Medicine and Clinical Laboratory DiagnosisClinical Laboratory Diagnosis

Dept. of Animal MedicineDept. of Animal MedicineFaculty of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

AssiutAssiut UniversityUniversity-- AssiutAssiut, EGYPT, EGYPT

EE--mail: Sadiek59@yahoo.commail: Sadiek59@yahoo.com

Diseases of the intestine of farm animalsDiseases of the intestine of farm animals

1 - Acute intestinalobstruction

2- Ilio-cecal valve impaction

3- intestinal tympany

4- Enteritis.

Diseases of the intestine of farmDiseases of the intestine of farmanimalsanimals

1 - Acute intestinal obstructionA life threating problem, charact. by

acute abd. pain, severe shock, No feceswith passage of blood and mucus. It includes :

• Volvulus, Intususception

• Strangulation, Invagination

EquineEquine entestineentestine

a): Volvulus االلتواء :

Is an acute obst. caused by twistingof a loop of intest. around itself.

VolvulusVolvulus االلتواءااللتواء

VolvulusVolvulus االلتواء االلتواء

b): Intestinal strangulation &b): Intestinal strangulation &incarcerationincarceration الخنق والسجن الخنق والسجن

Occlusion of the intestinal lumen by pressure from outside. It occurs when:

1- Loop of intestine passes in a natural or artificial opening in the peritoneal and held there.

2- The long stem of a pedunculatedtumour or by other fibrous cords or bands.

StrangulationStrangulation--lipomalipoma

IncarcerationIncarceration السجنالسجن

--3-In stallions, incarceration in theinguinal canal may take place due toinguinal hernia.

4-Rolling from colic seems to be a pre-disposing cause to such conditions.

5-In bovines: Peritoneal adhesions isthe cause. A segment of the int. mayalso passes through a slit in thediaphragm (diaph. hernia).

C ) Invagination (Intususception) االنغماد

• In which telescoping invagination of a section of the intestine occurs into a portion immediately behind it.

• It forms a sausage shaped, firm and painful swelling of 3 layers an outer, a middle and an innermost layer.

• It occurs mostly in dogs and cattle.

• The more common seat is the ilecoecaljunction.

IntususceptionIntususception االنغماداالنغماد

IntususceptionIntususception االنغماداالنغماد

Causes of intestinal obstructionCauses of intestinal obstruction1-Indigestion is the most frequent cause.2-Violent mov. & rolling or jumping.3-Sudden or irregular ▲ in peristaltic mov.

of int. after dosing of parasymp. stimulant as carbacol or colityl.

4-Severe spasmodic colic.5-Heavy infest. of nodular worms

(Oesophag. columbianum) in sheep or ascaris in all animals may cause int. obstruction

EnterolithEnterolith,, phytobezoarsphytobezoars الحصاوى الحصاوى المعویة المعویة

Sandy impactedSandy impacted cecumcecum

Adhesion andAdhesion and AnastomosisAnastomosis

Heavy intestinal parasitesHeavy intestinal parasites

Diaphragmatic hernia and Intestinal Diaphragmatic hernia and Intestinal herniationherniation

Clinical findings:Clinical findings:

1-Mild pain at first, then severe continuous pain, anxiety and finally distress and delirium.

2-Profuse sweating.3-Violent movements, pawing, kicking at

the belly and ear dropping. 4-The animal may assume dog sitting.5-Congestion of the mucosa.6-Laboured breath, Pulse increases to

100/m and poor in quality.

Clinical findings:Clinical findings:7-Slight rise & then suddenly falls in

temp.9-Trembling is frequent.10- Persistent bloating In torsion of

the colon.11-Vomiting of retching type may

occur (in volvulus of small int.)13-Peristalsis is absent.14-The course is from 8-24 hrs.

terminating in death

Congested mucous membranesCongested mucous membranes

Rectal findings:Rectal findings:In torsion of the small intestine: the upper left

part of the abdomen reveals:1-Irregular tympany.2-painful spot, on touch.3- Displaced Loops of small int. may be found to

the right above the colon.4-In volvulus of ileum, a tense cord like twist of

mesentery in the region of the left kidney is felt.

5-Torsion of the colon leads to tympany.6-Anterior to the pelvic rim you feel a cord like

mass of colic vessels.

Rectal findings in strangulationRectal findings in strangulation

Treatment:Treatment:

No useful treatment. Even surgicalattempts are useless.

1-Try to give large doses of liquidparaffin or oil of turpentine orlinseed oil in cases of partialtorsion and in addition apply backracking and enema of soft soapand warm water.

2-In complete torsion it is definitelyuseless.

2) Impaction of the2) Impaction of the ilioilio--cecalcecal valve:valve:• Occur mainly in horses, causing a

commonly fatal sub acute to acuteabdominal pain.

Causes:• Feeding on low-grade finely

chopped roughage, that collectsat the ileo-cecal valve causingcomplete intestinal obstruction.

Clinical findings:1-In the 1st 8-12 hrs : sub acute pain w. normal pulse & respirations.2- Increased frequency & intensity of Intestinal sounds.3-Rectal palp. may reveal the enlarg. of the impacted ileum in the upper right flank 4-At the end of this phase pain increases in severity, depression, patchy sweating and coldness of the extremities. Animal sits on haunches and rolls and straggles violently.

Clinical findings:• The abdominal pain becomes severe and

continuous. Weak &rapid Pulse. Increased Respirations . No abdominal sounds.

• Aspiration of fluids by a nasal tube may amount several gallons of sanguineous fluid.

• Rectal exam. in this phase reveals that the large intestine is small and contracted and the small intestine is so tightly distended with gas and fluids.

• Death usually occurs 36-48 hrs. after the onset of disease.

• Rupture of the intestine may occur.

Diagnosis:- It is charct. by gross accumulation of fluid and food for long course.1- Early, it may be confused with spasmodic colic or enteritis: -Palpation of the impacted ileum may differentiate both. - The continuation of the illness suggests the ilio-caecol valve impaction.

Illio-cecal valve impaction

• Diagnosis:

• 2-In the 2nd phase itresembles acute typmanyexcept that the small intestineis obstructed.

• 3-In acute intestinalobstruction shock is sever.

Treatment:1-Removal of the fluids from thestomach and replacement of thelost fluids.2-Sedatives.3-Removal of the obstructionsurgically if the animal survivesbut this is without hope.4-A large doses of mineral oil (1/2- 1 gallon).

3) Intestinal tympany:It causes distension of the abdomen and severe abdominal pain. sometimes accompanied by the passage of much flatus.Causes:a) Acute intestinal obstruction.b) Constricting adhesions from perforated gastric ulcer or ilic-caecalvalve impaction.

TympanyTympany of large intestine:of large intestine:• 1ry causes: ingestion of large

quantities of highly fermentablegreen pasture, spoiled or moudlyfood or atony of the bowl.

• 2ndry causes: acute intestinalobstruction or stenosis (verminousaneurysm-fibrous tissue formation)

Clinical findings:1-Abdominal distension 2-Acute & continuous Pain, pawing

violently and the horse lies down very carefully.

3-Reduced Peristaltic sounds but fluids may be heard moving in gas-filled loops producing tinkling and metallic sound.

4-Rectal exam. reveals gas-filled loops of intestine.

5-In primary tympanitis much flatus is passed and the anus may be in a state of continous dilatation.

• Diagnosis:

• 1- Primary tympany is difficult todifferent. from 2ndry one. But thepresence of faeces, flatus and thehistory of engorgement on lush psturemay differentiate the two.

• 2- Primary tympany involves nearly thewhole of the tract.

• 3- Tympany due to obstructionterminate fatally in a short time.

Treatment:1-Sedatives: i/v injection of novalgin 50%.2- carminatives and intestinal stimulants;oral mixture of ammon. carbonate & charcoal in equal quantities dissolved in water.3-External abdominal or rectal massage, to stimulate the peristalsis. 4- Rectal enema has the same action.

5-Intestinal Antiferment.• -Carbolic acid (Sol. 2%) 200 ml • -Or formalin sol. (10-20 ml) dissolved in 2

L water to be given orally.• -Or Mineral oil (1/2 - 1 g) contain oil of

turp. (30-60 ml), formalin (30 ml) or chloroform (30 ml).

6-In severe cases trocarization may help7-In 2ndry tympany, correction of the

obstruction is essential.

VerminousVerminous anurysmanurysm

• Migration of the larvae of strongylusspp. into cranial mesenteric arteryand its branches occurs in horses

▼

• Restrict. blood supply to the intestine.

• It should be different. from intest.Obst. which is accomp. by tympany

▲ in some areas and absent in

others

▲▲▲Perstalsis

no obstructed intestinal

loops.

knobbly thickened obstructed mesent.

vessels

Rectal exam

Mucoid, gaseous

+ may bloodyFeces

SevereLess severePain

Int. obst. w.Tympany

V. mes. arteritisSigns