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Disease
• 2 Types– Communicable Disease – a disease that can be
passed to a person from another person, animal, or object.
– Non-Communicable Disease – a disease that is not transmitted by pathogens.
Causes of Communicable Diseases
• Pathogens – tiny organisms that cause communicable diseases.
• Infections – a condition that occurs when pathogens enter the body, multiply, and damage cells.
• Bacteria – tiny one-celled organisms that live nearly everywhere.
• Virus – the smallest disease-causing organism.
Other types of Pathogens
• Fungi – primitive life-forms that feed on organic materials.
• Protozoa – Single-celled organisms that re usually harmless but that can cause certain diseases.
• Rickettsias – disease-causing organisms that resemble bacteria but multiply like viruses.
How are Pathogens Spread?
• Direct contact with the infected person. • Indirect contact with an infected person.• Contact with a vector. – A vector is an organism, such as an insect, that
transmits a pathogen.
In Immune System
• Considered the main line of defense• Nonspecific response – This is a general response such as inflammation or
increased blood flow to the specific area. • Specific response– This is specific more specialized response. – This would be antibodies that help you resist
specific disease such as smallpox.
The Lymphatic System
• A secondary circulatory system that helps the body fight pathogens and maintain its fluid balance.
• Produces lymphocytes– B-Cells– T-Cells
Immunity
• 2 Types– Natural Immunity is present at birth. • Are present on your skin and in mucous membranes.
– Acquired Immunity develops over a person’s lifetime. • Sometimes acquired through a vaccine. • A Vaccine is a preparation of dead or weakened
pathogens that is injected into the body to cause the immune system to produce antibodies.
What are Non-Communicable Diseases
• Diseases that are not transmitted by pathogens.
• Chronic Diseases– Diseases that are present either continuously or
off and on over a long time.• Degenerative Diseases– Diseases that cause further breakdown in the
body cells, tissues, and organs as they progress.