Discover our unrivalled range of exclusive · 2020-05-26 · fine powder. The endo-acting ... Dyed polysaccharide substrates offer the advantages of being specific and sensitive,

Enzyme Substrates

Providing an analytical solution

Think Quality - Expect Excellence - Choose Megazyme

Discover our unrivalled range of exclusive

oligosaccharides and polysaccharides

for specific measurement of enzyme activity,

suitable for analytical use and research.

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1. Dyed PolysaccharidesContents

1. Dyed Polysaccharides

a) Soluble substrates

b) Insoluble substrates

Suitable for gel/agar plate screening. Suitable for semi-quantitative assays.

c) Tablet substrates

Insoluble substrate formulated in tablets for quantitative assays and end-user convenience

Suitable for the specific measurement of endo-acting carbohydrate hydrolases

Suitable for the analysis of crude enzymatic extracts or industrial preparations

Enzymatic activity determined by conversion from absorbance using a standard curve provided

Generally not suitable for automated analytical assays (filtration step required)

2. Colourimetric Oligosaccharides

a) Blocked oligosaccharides

For the analysis of crude enzymatic extracts or industrial preparations

b) Non-blocked oligosaccharides

Suitable only for the analysis of purified enzymes

c) Colourimetric monosaccharides

Suitable for the measurement of either endo-acting or exo-acting carbohydrate hydrolases

Chemically defined substrates: no variability between substrate batches

Suitable for automated analytical assays and ideal for high-throughput applications

Enzymatic activity calculated directly from absorbance obtained

Fluorometric substrates also available for a higher sensitivity (fluorimeter required)

3. Carbohydrates

a) Polysaccharides

b) Oligosaccharides

Wide range of highly purified polysaccharides and oligosaccharides available

Suitable for the measurement of either endo-acting or exo-acting carbohydrate hydrolases

Enzymatic activity determined by quantification of the increase in reducing sugar or decrease in viscosity of

substrate solution

Polysaccharides: Native substrates of the enzymes being analysed

Oligosaccharides: Chemically defined substrates, no variability between substrate batches

The importance of enzymes in industrial processes and scientific research is constantly growing and

the measurement of enzyme activity is of paramount importance for the use and characterisation of

enzyme preparations.

Megazyme has unrivalled expertise in the production of pure enzymes and of substrates for the

measurement of enzymatic activity. Our wide range of diverse enzymatic substrates that can be

classified in three categories, as follows.

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1. Dyed PolysaccharidesContents

Introduction to Dyed Polysaccharides

Dyed polysaccharides are useful substrates for the specific

measurement of endo-acting hydrolases activity in crude

plant extracts or industrial enzyme preparations.

In dyed polysaccharides, dye molecules are covalently

attached to a polysaccharide or a partially depolymerised

polysaccharide, to obtain substrates that are supplied as a

fine powder.

The endo-acting hydrolase enzymes that recognise and act

on these substrates release dyed fragments to an extent

which is proportional to their enzymatic activity and which

can be calculated by converting the absorbance obtained

using a standard curve provided.

Dyed polysaccharide substrates offer the advantages of being specific and sensitive, and can form

the basis of accurate, reliable and robust assay procedures, although they are not readily suited to

automated assays due to a filtration or centrifugation step included in the assay protocol.

a) Soluble dyed substrates

Key features of Megazyme’s soluble dyed substrates

Suitable for analysis of crude enzyme extracts

Suitable for analysis of purified enzymes

Quantitative assay Chemically defined substrate

Suitable for gel/agar plate activity screening Suitable for automation

Suitable for endo-acting enzymes Suitable for exo-acting enzymes

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a) Soluble Dyed Substrates

Assay procedure for soluble dyed substrates

1. The substrate is water soluble and is readily recognised and hydrolysed

by an endo-acting hydrolase.

2. The reaction is terminated by the addition of a precipitant solution (e.g.

ethanol) wherein high molecular weight, partially hydrolysed substrate

fragments precipitate from solution.

3. The suspension is mixed thoroughly, centrifuged, and the colour in the

solution is measured using a spectrophotometer.

4. The enzymatic activity is determined using a standard curve provided.

Our range of soluble dyed substrates

Product Name Product Code Enzyme Measured

Red Starch S-RSTAR α-Amylase

Red Debranched Arabinan (sugar beet) S-RDAR endo-1,5-α-Arabinanase

Azo-CM-Cellulose (liquid) S-ACMCL

endo-Cellulase / endo-1,4-β-GlucanaseAzo-CM-Cellulose (powder) S-ACMC

Azo-Xyloglucan (tamarind) S-AZXG

Azo-Barley Glucan S-ABG100 Lichenase / endo-β-Glucanase

Azo-Fructan S-AZFR5

endo-Fructanase / endo-Inulinase

Azo-Fructan plus exo-Inulinase S-AZFRXOI

Red Pullulan S-RPUL Pullulanase / Limit-dextrinase

Azo-Carob Galactomannan S-ACGLM endo-1,4-β-Mannanase

Azo-Galactan (potato) S-AGALP endo-1,4-β-Galactanase

Azo-Casein (sulphanilamide dyed) S-AZCAS endo-Protease

AZ-Rhamnogalacturonan S-AZRH endo-Rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase / lyase

Azo-Wheat Arabinoxylan (liquid) S-AWAXL

endo-1,4-β-Xylanase

Azo-Wheat Arabinoxylan (powder) S-AWAXP

Azo-Xylan (birchwood) (liquid) S-AXBL

Azo-Xylan (birchwood) (powder) S-AXBP

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The use of agar plates

containing 0.5% w/v xanthan

gum avoids settling of the

insoluble dyed substrates

b) Insoluble Dyed Substrates

a) Soluble Dyed Substrates

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Megazyme’s insoluble dyed substrates are prepared by dyeing and crosslinking soluble polysaccharides.

These substrates are provided in both granular and fine particle size. The finely milled substrates are more useful in

agar plate assays and semi quantitative tube and plate assays. Substrates in other colours are also being developed

for gel/agar plate activity screenings.

Insoluble chromogenic substrates are recommended for semi-quantitative assays.

Key features of Megazyme’s insoluble dyed substrates

Suitable for analysis of crude enzyme extracts Quantitative assay

Suitable for analysis of purified enzymes Chemically defined substrate



Assay procedure for insoluble dyed substrates

1. The hydrated insoluble substrate forms gelatinous particles which are readily

recognised and hydrolysed by an endo-acting hydrolase. The partial hydrolysis

of insoluble chromogenic substrates releases water soluble dyed substrate

fragments.

2. The reaction is terminated by adding an alkaline solution to stop enzyme

activity and the reaction slurry is filtered or centrifuged.

3. The colour released in solution is measured using a spectrophotometer and

the colour intensity is directly related to enzyme activity.

The use of insoluble dyed

substrates in agar plates

containing 0.5% w/v xanthan

gum allows enzymatic activity

detection more rapidly and at

lower enzyme concentration


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Our range of insoluble dyed substrates



AZCL-Amylose I-AZAMY

α-AmylaseAZCL-Amylose (fine) I-AZAMYF

RedCL-Amylose (fine) I-RCLAMYF

AZCL-Arabinan (debranched) I-AZDAR endo-1,5-α-Arabinanase

AZCL-HE-Cellulose I-AZCEL

endo-Cellulase

AZCL-HE-Cellulose (fine) I-AZCELF

RedCL-HE-Cellulose (fine) I-RCLCELF

Azo-α-Cellulose I-ACELL

Azo-Avicel I-AAVIC

AZCL-Xyloglucan I-AZXYG

AZCL-Xyloglucan (fine) I-AZXYGF

RedCL-Xyloglucan (fine) I-RCLXYGF

AZCL-Chitosan I-AZCHANendo-Chitosanase

AZCL-Chitosan (fine) I-AZCHANF

AZCL-Dextran I-AZDEXendo-1,6-α-Dextrinase

AZCL-Dextran (fine) I-AZDEXF

AZCL-Galactan (potato) I-AZGLPendo-1,4-β-Galactanase

AZCL-Galactan (potato) (fine) I-AZGLPF

AZCL-Curdlan I-AZCUR

endo-1,3-β-GlucanaseAZCL-Curdlan (fine) I-AZCURF

RedCL-Curdlan (fine) I-RCLCURF

AZCL-Pachyman I-AZPAC

AZCL-Barley β-Glucan I-AZBGL

Lichenase / endo-β-GlucanaseAZCL-Barley β-Glucan (fine) I-AZBGLF

RedCL-Barley β-Glucan (fine) I-RCLBGLF

AZCL-Galactomannan I-AZGMA

endo-1,4-β-MannanaseAZCL-Galactomannan (fine) I-AZGMAF

RedCL-Galactomannan (fine) I-RCLGMAF

AZCL-Casein I-AZCASendo-Protease

AZCL-Collagen I-AZCOL

AZCL-Pullulan I-AZPUL

Pullulanase / Limit-DextrinaseAZCL-Pullulan (fine) I-AZPULF

RedCL-Pullulan (fine) I-RCLPULF

AZCL-Rhamnogalacturonan 1 I-AZRHI Rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase / lyase

AZCL-Arabinoxylan (Wheat) I-AZWAX

endo-1,4-β-D-XylanaseAZCL-Arabinoxylan (Wheat) (fine) I-AZWAXF

AZCL-Xylan (Birchwood) I-AZXBW

RedCL-Arabinoxylan (Wheat) (fine) I-RCLWAXF

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c) Tablet Substrates


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c) Tablet Substrates

Megazyme supplies a range of enzyme tablet tests for ultimate end-user convenience. The insoluble chromogenic

substrates discussed above are formulated into tablets. By using tablet tests, it is possible to obtain quantitative

determinations of endo-acting hydrolase activities.

From a procedural perspective, tablet tests operate in the same way as assays using insoluble chromogenic

substrates. The advantage of enzyme tablet tests is that the need to accurately weigh substrate quantities (and the

error associated with this parameter) is removed.

Key features of Megazyme’s tablet substrates

Suitable for analysis of crude enzyme extracts Chemically defined substrate

Suitable for analysis of purified enzymes Suitable for automation

Quantitative assay Suitable for gel/agar plate activity screening


Our range of tablet substrates


Amylazyme T-AMZ

α-AmylaseAmylazyme BG T-AMZBG

Amylazyme Red T-AMZRD

Amylazyme HY T-AMZHY

Arabinazyme T-ARZ endo-1,5-α-Arabinanase

Cellazyme AF (40mg) T-CAF

endo-Cellulase / endo-1,4-β-GlucanaseCellazyme C (60mg) T-CCZ

Cellazyme T T-CTZ

Chitozyme T-CHZ endo-Chitosanase

α-Dextrazyme T-DEXT endo-1,6-α-Dextranase

β-Glucazyme T-BGZ Lichenase / endo-β-Glucanase

Galactazyme T-GLZ endo-1,4-β-Galactanase

1,3-β-Glucazyme T-PAZendo-1,3-β-Glucanase

1,3-β-Glucazyme HS T-CUR

Limit-Dextrizyme T-LDZ Pullulanase / Limit-dextrinase

Mannazyme T-MNZ endo-1,4-β-Mannanase

Protazyme AK T-PRAKendo-Protease

Protazyme OL T-PROL

Rhamnozyme T-RHAM Rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase / lyase

Psyllazyme T-PSYL

endo-1,4-β-XylanaseXylazyme AF (40mg) T-XAF

Xylazyme AX (60mg) T-XAX

Xylazyme (100mg) T-XYZ

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Introduction to Colourimetric Oligosaccharides

Colourimetric substrates are useful for the specific measurement of endo-acting and exo-acting carbohydrate

hydrolase activity. The molecular structure of these substrates is chemically-defined which completely removes

the possibility of any ‘batch to batch’ variability.

These substrates are prepared by installing a covalently bound colourimetric or fluorometric moiety onto the

reducing end sugar residue of an oligosaccharide and are usually supplied as a fine powder or as a solution. The

endo- or exo-acting hydrolase enzymes that recognise and act on these substrates release the colourimetric or

fluorometric moiety to an extent which is proportional to their enzymatic activity and which can easily be calculated

using the applicable extinction coefficient.

Colourimetric oligosaccharides offer the advantages of being specific and sensitive, and can be used in fully

automated assay formats owing to the fact that there is no filtration step required in these assays. Assay formats

based on these substrates are the most convenient for the user and display the highest levels of reproducibility.

a) Blocked Oligosaccharides

Blocked colourimetric substrates for the measurement of carbohydrate hydrolase activity are exclusively offered

by Megazyme and are an excellent alternative to dyed polysaccharides for the quantitative measurement of endo-

acting hydrolase activity in crude enzyme preparations.

No variability between substrate batches occurs due to the chemically-defined molecular structures of these

substances. These substrates are usually available as components within assay kits and are used in enzyme-

coupled assay protocols.

The blocking group at the non-reducing end of the substrate prevents the activity of exo-acting enzymes present

in a crude mixture and their structure makes them absolutely specific targets for the endo-acting enzyme being

analysed.

Key features of Megazyme’s blocked oligosaccharides



Chemically defined substrate

Quantitative assay

Suitable for automation Suitable for gel/agar plate activity screening


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Assay procedure for blocked oligosaccharides

1. The soluble blocked colourimetric substrate is readily recognised and hydrolysed by an endo-acting hydrolase.

The hydrolysis of the substrate releases two components in solution and the ancillary exo-acting enzyme

provided is then able to further hydrolyse the colourimetric group bearing fragment to release the colourimetric

group in solution (e.g. 4-nitrophenol).

2. The reaction is terminated by adding an alkaline solution to stop enzyme activity.

3. The colour release in solution is measured using a spectrophotometer and the colour intensity is directly

related to enzyme activity.

Our range of blocked oligosaccharides

Product NameProduct

CodeEnzyme Measured

α-Amylase Assay Kit (Ceralpha method) K-CERA α-Amylase

α-Amylase SD Assay Kit (High sensitivity method) K-AMYLSD

α-Amylase Reagent (Ceralpha) R-CAAR4

Amylase HR Reagent R-AMHR4

Blocked 4-nitrophenyl-α-maltoheptaoside O-BPNPC7

Cellulase Assay Kit (CellG5 method) K-CellG5 Cellulase / endo-1,4-β-Glucanase

Cellulase Assay Kit (CellG3 method) K-CellG3

Blocked 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-cellotrioside

(Cellafluor reagent)R-CELLFLR

Blocked 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-cellotrioside O-B4MUG3

Blocked β-naphthyl-β-cellotrioside O-BNAPG3

Malt β-Glucanase / Lichenase Assay Kit

(MBG4 method)K-MBG4

Lichenase / endo-β-Glucanase

Pullulanase / Limit-Dextrinase Assay Kit

(PullG6 method)K-PullG6

Pullanase / Limit-Dextrinase

endo-Xylanase Assay Kit

(XylX6 method)K-XylX6


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b) Non-Blocked Oligosaccharides

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Non-blocked colourimetric substrates are generally used for the quantitative measurement of endo-acting

hydrolase activity in purified enzyme preparations. The lack of a blocking-group makes these substrates unsuitable

for the analysis of crude enzymatic mixtures because of the likely presence of competing exo-acting enzymes. In

non-blocked oligosaccharide substrates, an oligosaccharide chain of defined length is covalently linked to either a

colourimetric (4-nitrophenol or 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol) or a fluorometric (4-methylumbelliferone) group.

Purified endo-acting enzymes have very specific active site requirements. The possibility of screening substrates

having different chain length allows for a sensitive and specific characterisation of endo-acting carbohydrate

hydrolases. Researchers can derive valuable information from the increase in absorbance at 400 nm (or lack

thereof) or indeed by HPLC analysis of enzyme incubations with colourimetric oligosaccharides of varying length.

The use of fluorometric substrates is similar to that of colourimetric ones from a procedural perspective. They

generally display a higher sensitivity, however a fluorimeter is required to measure the release of the fluorometric

group in solution.

Key features of Megazyme’s non-blocked oligosaccharides

Suitable for analysis of purified enzymes Suitable for analysis of crude enzyme extracts


Quantitative assay



Our range of non-blocked oligosaccharides

Product NameProduct

CodeEnzyme Measured

2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl-β-(1,3:1,4)-glucotrioside DP3 O-CNPBG3 Substrates for Lichenase / endo-(1,3:1,4)-β-Glucanase

2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl-β-(1,3:1,4)-glucotetraoside DP4 O-CNPBG4

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-(1,3:1,4)-glucotrioside DP3 O-4MUBG3



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Product NameProduct

CodeEnzyme Measured

Substrates for Cellulase / endo-1,4-β-Glucanase

2-Chloro-4-Nitrophenyl-β-Cello-Oligosaccharides:

2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl-β-cellobioside DP2 O-CPNPG2

2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl-β-cellotrioside DP3 O-CPNPG3

2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl-β-cellotetraoside DP4 O-CPNPG4

2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl-β-cellopentaoside DP5 O-CPNPG5

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-Cello-Oligosaccharides:

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-cellobioside DP2 O-4MUG2

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-cellotrioside DP3 O-4MUG3

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-cellotetraoside DP4 O-4MUG4

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-cellopentaoside DP5 O-4MUG5

Substrates for endo-1,3-β-Glucanase

4-Nitrophenyl-β-Laminari-Oligosaccharides:

4-Nitrophenyl-β-laminaribioside DP2 O-PNPLAM2

4-Nitrophenyl-β-laminaritrioside DP3 O-PNPLAM3

4-Nitrophenyl-β-laminaritetraoside DP4 O-PNPLAM4

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-Laminari-Oligosaccharides:

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-laminaribioside DP2 O-4MULAM2

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-laminaritrioside DP3 O-4MULAM3

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-laminaritetraoside DP4 O-4MULAM4

Substrates for endo-1,4-β-Mannanase

2-Chloro-4-Nitrophenyl-α-Manno-Oligosaccharides:

2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl-α-mannobioside DP2 O-CPNPAM2

2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl-α-mannotrioside DP3 O-CPNPAM3

2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl-α-mannotetraoside DP4 O-CPNPAM4

4-Methylumbelliferyl-α-Manno-Oligosaccharides:

4-Methylumbelliferyl-α-mannobioside DP2 O-4MUAM2

4-Methylumbelliferyl-α-mannotrioside DP3 O-4MUAM3

4-Methylumbelliferyl-α-mannotetraoside DP4 O-4MUAM4

Substrates for endo-1,4-β-Xylanase

4-Nitrophenyl-β-Xylo-Oligosaccharides:

4-Nitrophenyl-β-xylobioside DP2 O-PNPX2

4-Nitrophenyl-β-xylotrioside DP3 O-PNPX3

2-Nitrophenyl-β-xylobioside DP2 O-ONPX2

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-Xylo-Oligosaccharides:

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-xylobioside DP2 O-4MUX2

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-xylotrioside DP3 O-4MUX3


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c) Colourimetric substrates for

exo-acting carbohydrate hydrolases

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Colourimetric monosaccharides are commonly used for the quantitative measurement of exo-acting hydrolase

activity in either purified or crude enzyme preparations. Colourimetric monosaccharide substrates contain a

colourimetric group (4-nitrophenol) either α- or β-linked to a monosaccharide.

Key features of Megazyme’s colourimetric substrates for exo-acting carbohydrate hydrolases




Quantitative assay


Suitable for exo-acting enzymes Suitable for endo-acting enzymes

Assay procedure for colourimetric substrates for exo-acting carbohydrate hydrolases

1. Once a soluble colourimetric monosaccharide substrate is hydrolysed by an exo-acting hydrolase, the

colourimetric group is released in solution.

2. The reaction is terminated by adding an alkaline solution to stop enzyme activity.

3. The colour release in solution is measured using a UV spectrophotometer and the colour intensity is directly

related to enzyme activity.





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Our range of colourimetric substrates for exo-acting carbohydrate hydrolases


β-Amylase Assay Kit (Betamyl-3)

4-Nitrophenyl-β-maltotrioside + β-glucosidaseK-BETA3

β-Amylase

β-Amylase Assay Reagent (Betamyl-3)

4-Nitrophenyl-β-maltotrioside + β-glucosidaseR-BAMR3

4-Nitrophenyl-β-maltotrioside O-PNPC3

β-Naphthyl-β-maltotrioside O-NAPC3

4-Nitrophenyl-β-maltoside + β-glucosidase

(Amyloglucosidase Assay Reagent)R-AMGR3 Amyloglucosidase

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide O-4MUNAG

β-N-Acetyl-D-Glucosaminidase

4-Nitrophenyl-β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide O-PNPNAG

4-Nitrophenyl-α-L-arabinofuranoside O-PNPAF α-L-Arabinofuranosidase

4-Nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside O-PNPAG α-Glucosidase

4-Nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside O-PNPBG β-Glucosidase

4-Nitrophenyl-α-D-galactopyranoside O-PNPAGAL α-Galactosidase

4-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside O-PNPBGAL β-Galactosidase

4-Nitrophenyl-α-D-glucuronide O-PNPAGA α-Glucuronidase

4-Nitrophenyl-β-D-glucuronide O-PNPBGA β-Glucuronidase

4-Nitrophenyl-α-Nitrophenyl-α-D-galacturonide O-PNPAGALA α-Galacturonidase

4-Nitrophenyl-β-Nitrophenyl-α-D-galacturonide O-PNPBGALA β-Galacturonidase

4-Nitrophenyl-α-L-fucopyranoside O-PNPAFC α-Fucosidase

4-Nitrophenyl-α-D-mannopyranoside O-PNPAM α-Mannosidase

4-Nitrophenyl-β-D-mannopyranoside O-PNPBM β-Mannosidase

4-Nitrophenyl-α-D-xylopyranoside O-PNPAX α-Xylosidase

4-Nitrophenyl-β-D-xylopyranoside O-PNPX β-Xylosidase

4-Nitrophenyl-β-lactoside O-PNPL Cellobiohydrolase

4-Nitrophenyl-N,N’-diacetyl-β-chitobioside O-PNPCH2

Chitobiosidase

4-Methylumbelliteryl-N,N’-diacetyl-β-chitobioside O-4MUCH2


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3. Carbohydrates a) Polysaccharides

Introduction to Carbohydrates

Megazyme offers a broad range of carbohydrates for scientists involved in enzyme research, acting as the sole

global supplier for a number of unique carbohydrates.

Our best-in-class purity and reputation for quality have resulted in longstanding relationships with some of the

foremost research institutes in the world.

While dyed polysaccharide and colourimetric oligosaccharide-based assays are certainly the most convenient

methods for the assay of hydrolytic enzymes, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, as the native substrates

encountered by carbohydrate hydrolases in nature, can give the truest insight into their mechanism of action, active

site requirements, binding affinities and activities.

a) Polysaccharides

Traditionally, endo-acting carbohydrate hydrolases have been measured using the native polysaccharide as the

enzymatic substrate, followed by quantification of the increase in reducing sugar or decrease in viscosity of the

substrate solution on hydrolysis.

Reducing-sugar methods can be used for the assay of pure enzyme solutions but are unsuitable for use with crude

enzyme extracts that may already contain reducing sugars. Viscosity reduction methods are specific for endo-

hydrolase activity but are tedious to perform and require specialist equipment.

Key features of Megazyme’s polysaccharides


Quantitative assay Chemically defined substrate



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3. Carbohydrates a) Polysaccharides

Our range of polysaccharides

Product Cat. No. Enzyme Activity

Amylose (potato) P-AMYL

α-Amylase

β-Limit Dextrin P-BLDX

Arabinan (sugar beet) P-ARAB

endo-1,5-α-Arabinanase

Debranched Arabinan (sugar beet) P-DBAR

Linear 1,5-α-L-Arabinan (sugar beet) P-LARB

CM-Linear 1,5-α-L-Arabinan (sugar beet) P-CMLA

Carboxymethyl Cellulose 4M P-CMC4M

endo-Cellulase / endo-1,4-β-Glucanase

Xyloglucan (tamarind) P-XYGLN

Glucomannan (konjac; low viscosity) P-GLCML

Glucomannan (konjac; high viscosity) P-GLCMH

Chitin (colloidal) P-CHITIN endo-β-Chitinase

Dextran P-DEXT endo-1,6-α-Dextrinase

Fructooligosaccharides (DP2-8) P-FOS28

endo-FructanaseInulin (DP2-60) P-INUL

Levan NEW P-LEVAN

Arabinogalactan (larch wood) P-ARGAL endo-1,3-β-Galactanase

Galactan (lupin) P-GALLU

endo-1,4-β-Galactanase

Galactan (potato) P-GALPOT

Pectic Galactan (lupin) P-PGALU

Pectic Galactan (potato) P-PGAPT

Lichenan (Icelandic moss) P-LICHN

Lichenase / endo-β-Glucanase

β-Glucan MW standard P-MWBGS

β-Glucan (barley; low viscosity) P-BGBL

β-Glucan (barley; medium viscosity) P-BGBM

β-Glucan (barley; high viscosity) P-BGBH

β-Glucan (oat; medium viscosity) P-BGOM

β-Glucan (oat; high viscosity) P-BGOH

β-Glucan CFA standard P-BGCFA

Curdlan P-CURDL

endo-1,3-β-Glucanase

CM-Curdlan P-CMCUR

Pachyman P-PACHY

CM-Pachyman P-CMPAC

β-Glucan (yeast; alkali soluble) P-BGYST


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a) Polysaccharides b) Oligosaccharides

Product Cat. No. Enzyme Activity

Mannan (ivory nut) P-MANIV

endo-1,4-β-Mannanase

Mannan (1,4-β-D-mannan) P-MANCB

Galactomannan (carob; low viscosity) P-GALML

Galactomannan (carob; high viscosity) P-GALMH

Galactomannan (guar; medium viscosity) P-GGMMV

Galactomannan (guar; high viscosity) P-GGMHV

Galactomannan (guar; galactose depleted; 21% galactose) P-GGM21

Galactomannan (guar; galactose depleted; 28% galactose) P-GGM28

Pullulan P-PULLN

Pullulanase / Limit-Dextrinase

Pullulan (NaBH4 reduced) P-PULLBH

Polygalacturonic Acid (PGA) P-PGACT endo-Polygalacturonanase / Polygalacturonate lyase

Rhamnogalacturonan I (potato) P-RHAM1

Rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase / lyase

Rhamnogalacturonan (soy bean) P-RHAGN

Xylan (beechwood; purified) P-XYLNBE


Arabinoxylan (rye flour) P-RAXY

Arabinoxylan (wheat flour; low viscosity) P-WAXYL

Arabinoxylan (wheat flour; medium viscosity) P-WAXYM

Arabinoxylan (wheat flour; high viscosity) P-WAXYH

Arabinoxylan (wheat flour; insoluble) P-WAXYI

Arabinoxylan (acid debranched; 22% arabinose) P-ADWAX22

Arabinoxylan (acid debranched; 26% arabinose) P-ADWAX26

Arabinoxylan (enzyme debranched; 30% arabinose) P-EDWAX30

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a) Polysaccharides b) Oligosaccharides

Defined oligosaccharide substrates are particularly useful for researchers in the field of glycoscience. These

molecules can be used to help characterise either endo- or exo-acting carbohydrate hydrolase enzymes, the

activity of which can be measured through reducing sugar methods or HPLC/HPAEC-PAD analysis.

A number of borohydride reduced oligosaccharides are also available. These are particularly useful substrates in

reducing sugar assays where the native oligosaccharides, themselves being reducing sugars, can produce a high

‘blank’ absorbance value, thereby reducing the sensitivity of the assay.

Oligosaccharides can also be employed as building blocks for the chemical synthesis of either colourimetric

substrates or inhibitors of enzymes of interest.

Key features of Megazyme’s oligosaccharides


Quantitative assay Suitable for automation

Chemically defined substrate Suitable for gel/agar plate activity screening

Suitable for endo-acting enzymes

Suitable for exo-acting enzymes

Our range of oligosaccharides

Oligosaccharides can also be employed as building blocks for the chemical synthesis of either colourimetric

substrates or inhibitors of enzymes of interest.


b) Oligosaccharides

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b) Oligosaccharides

O-A4B 32-α-L-Arabinofuranosyl-(1,5)-α-L-arabinotriose

O-A5BMIX 22 32-di-α-L-Arabinofuranosyl-(1,5)-α-L-arabinotriose plus 32-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1,5)-α-L-arabinotetraose

O-CHI2 DP2 Diacetyl-chitobiose

O-CHIN2 DP2 1,4-β-D-Glucosaminyl-D-N-Acetylglucosamine (HCl) NEW

O-CHI3 DP3 Triacetyl-chitotriose

O-CHI4 DP4 Tetraacetyl-chitotetraose

O-CHI5 DP5 Pentaacetyl-chitopentaose

O-CHI6 DP6 Hexaacetyl-chitohexaose

Substrates for endo-1,4-chitinase, chitobiosidase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase.

N-Acetyl-Chitooligosaccharides

Substrates for limit-dextrinase, pullulanase, isopullulanase, neopullulanase, amyloglucosidase and α-glucosidase.

Amylosaccharides (mixed-linkage)

O-GMH 63-α-D-Glucosyl-maltotriosyl-maltriose

O-PAN Panose O-IPAN Isopanose O-GMT 63-α-D-Glucosyl-maltotriose

O-MTMT 63-α-D-Maltotriosyl-maltotriose

O-MTMTRD 63-α-D-Maltotriosyl-maltotriitol (BH4 reduced)

O-ABI DP2 Arabinobiose (syrup)

O-ATR DP3 Arabinotriose (syrup)

O-ATE DP4 Arabinotetraose (syrup)

O-APE DP5 Arabinopentaose (syrup)

O-AHE DP6 Arabinohexaose (powder)

O-AHP DP7 Arabinoheptaose (powder)

O-AOC DP8 Arabino-octaose (powder)

Substrates for endo-1,5-α-arabinanase and α-arabinofuranosidase.

1,5-α-L-Arabinooligosaccharides

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b) Oligosaccharidesb) Oligosaccharides

O-A4B 32-α-L-Arabinofuranosyl-(1,5)-α-L-arabinotriose

O-A5BMIX 22 32-di-α-L-Arabinofuranosyl-(1,5)-α-L-arabinotriose plus 32-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1,5)-α-L-arabinotetraose

1,3:1,4-β-D-Glucooligosaccharides

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS)

O-CTR DP3 Cellotriose

O-CTE DP4 Cellotetraose

O-CPE DP5 Cellopentaose

O-CHE DP6 Cellohexaose

Substrates for endo-cellulase, cellobiohydrolase, β-glucosidase and lipid polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO).

Cellooligosaccharides

O-CTRRD DP3 1,4-β-D-Cellotriitol

O-CTERD DP4 1,4-β-D-Cellotetraitol

O-CPERD DP5 1,4-β-D-Cellopentaitol

O-CHERD DP6 1,4-β-D-Cellohexaitol

Substrates for lichenase/β-glucanase and β-glucosidase.

O-BGTRIA 32-β-D-Glucosyl-cellobiose O-BGTRIB 31-β-D-Cellobiosyl-glucose

O-BGTETB 31-β-D-Cellotriosyl-glucose O-BGTETC 32-β-D-Cellobiosyl-cellobiose

+ 33-β-D-Glucosyl-cellotriose

Substrates for endo-inulinase, β-fructosidase and endo-levanase.

O-KTR DP3 1-Kestose

O-KTE DP4 1,1-Kestotetraose

O-KPE DP5 1,1,1-Kestopentaose

O-INU3 DP3 Inulotriose

O-LEV2 DP2 Levanbiose NEW

O-LEV3 DP3 Levantriose NEW

Galactooligosaccharides (GOS)

Substrates for β-galactosidase.

O-GBI3 1,3-β-D-Galactobiose



O-LAC3 1,3-β-D-Galactosyl-D-glucose

O-LAC6 Allolactose (1,6-β-D-Galactosyl-D-glucose)


Galactomannooligosaccharides

Substrates for endo-1,4-β-mannanase, β-mannosidase and α-galactosidase.

O-GM3 61-α-D-Galactosyl-mannotrioseO-GMM3 61-α-D-Galactosyl-mannobiose plus mannotriose

O-GGM5 63, 64-α-D-Galactosyl-mannopentaose

Galactosyl-Sucrose OligosaccharidesSubstrate for α-galactosidase.

O-VER Verbascose

Glucomannooligosaccharides

Substrates and standards for glucomannan degrading enzymes.

O-GMMBI 1,4-β-D-Glucosyl-D-Mannobiose plus

1,4-β-D-Cellobiosyl-D-Mannose

O-GM 1,4-β-D-Glucosyl-D-Mannose

O-GGM 1,4-β-D-Cellobiosyl-D-Mannose

O-GMM 1,4-β-D-Glucosyl-D-Mannobiose

O-MGM 1,4-β-D-Mannosyl-1,4-β-D-Glucosyl-D-Mannose

1,3-β-Glucooligosaccharides

Substrates for endo-1,3-β-glucanase (laminarinase), exo-1,3-β-glucanase and β-glucosidase

O-LAM2 DP2 Laminaribiose

O-LAM3 DP3 Laminaritriose

O-LAM4 DP4 Laminaritetraose

O-LAM5 DP5 Laminaripentaose

O-LAM6 DP6 Laminarihexaose

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b) Oligosaccharides b) Oligosaccharides

b) Oligosaccharides

Xyloglucan Oligosaccharides

Gluco-diglucodisaccharides (various linkages)

Substrates for α-glucosidase and β-glucosidase.

O-GENT Glcβ1,6GIc Gentiobiose

O-LAM2 Glcβ1,3Glc Laminaribiose

O-SOPH Glcβ1,2Glc Sophorose

O-IMO2 Glcα1,6Glc Isomaltose

O-NGR Glcα1,3Glc Nigerose NEW

O-KOJ Glcα1,2Glc Kojibiose NEW

Isomaltooligosaccharides

Substrates for endo-1,6-α-dextranase and oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase.

O-IMO2 DP2 Isomaltose

O-IMO3 DP3 Isomaltotriose

Maltooligosaccharides

Substrates for α-amylase and β-amylase.

O-MAL3 DP3 Maltotriose O-MAL5 DP5 Maltopentaose NEW

O-MAL3RD DP3 Maltotriitol O-MAL6 DP6 Maltohexaose NEW

O-MAL4 DP4 Maltotetraose O-MAL7 DP7 Maltoheptaose NEW

O-MAL8 DP8 Maltooctaose NEW

1,4-β-D-Mannooligosaccharides

Substrates for endo-1,4-β-mannanase and β-mannosidase.

O-MBI DP2 Mannobiose

O-MTR DP3 Mannotriose

O-MTE DP4 Mannotetraose

O-MPE DP5 Mannopentaose

O-MHE DP6 Mannohexaose

Substrates for α-xylosidase and endo-1,4-β-glucanase.

O-XCBIR Xylosyl-cellobiose (borohydride reduced)

O-X3G4 Xyloglucan heptasaccharide (X3Glc

4)

O-X3G4R Heptasaccharide (X3Glc

4; borohydride reduced)

O-XGHON Xyloglucan (Hepta + octa + nona saccharides)

O-XGHDP Higher DP xyloglucan oligosaccharides

O-IPRM Isoprimeverose (xyloglucan derived)

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b) Oligosaccharides


1,4-β-D-Xylooligosaccharides

Substrates for endo-1,4-β-xylanase and β-xylosidase.

O-XBI DP2 Xylobiose

O-XTR DP3 Xylotriose

O-XTE DP4 Xylotetraose

O-XPE DP5 Xylopentaose

O-XHE DP6 Xylohexaose

O-XBIRD DP2 1,4-β-D-Xylobiitol

O-XTRRD DP3 1,4-β-D-Xylotriitol

Arabinoxylooligosaccharides

Substrates for α-arabinofuranosidase, β-xylosidase and endo-1,4-β-xylanase

O-A3X 32-α-L-Arabinofuranosyl-xylobiose (A3X)

O-A2XX 23-α-L-Arabinofuranosyl-xylotriose (A2XX)

O-XA3XX 33-α-L-Arabinofuranosyl-xylotetraose (XA3XX)

O-XAXXMIX 33-α-L- plus 23-α-L-Arabinofuranosyl-xylotetraose

(XA3XX/XA2XX) mixture

O-A23XX 23-,33-di-α-L-Arabinofuranosyl-xylotriose (A2+3XX)

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b) Oligosaccharides b) Oligosaccharides

b) Oligosaccharides

Glucuronoxylooligosaccharides

Substrates for endo-1,4-β-xylanase and α-glucuronidase.

O-XUXX 23-(4-O-Methyl-α-D-Glucuronyl)-xylotetraose NEW

O-XUXXR Aldopentaaouronic acid (borohydride reduced)

O-UXX 23-(4-O-Methyl-α-D-Glucuronyl)-xylotriose NEW

O-UXXR Aldotetrauronic acid (borohydride reduced)

O-XUX 22-(4-O-Methyl-α-D-Glucuronyl)-xylotriose NEW

O-UX 22-(4-O-Methyl-α-D-Glucuronyl)-xylobiose NEW

Oligogalacturonides

Substrates for α-galacturonidase.

O-AMX Aldouronic acids mixture

O-AMXR Aldouronic acids mixture (NaBH4 reduced)

O-GALA2 Digalacturonic acid

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b) Oligosaccharides


t + 353 1 286 1220 (worldwide)

t + 1 312 212 4361 (USA)

e [email protected]

www.megazyme.com

03/2019

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Discover our unrivalled range of exclusive · 2020-05-26 · fine powder. The endo-acting ... Dyed polysaccharide substrates offer the advantages of being specific and sensitive,