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1
s/ho
F cF
De
Di
lo
t
ho
DISC SPRINGS
2
Disc Springs are conically-shaped, washer-type components designed to be axially loaded. What makes Disc Springs unique is that based on the standardized calculations of DIN 2092, the deflection for a given load is predictable and the minimum life cycle can be determined. Disc Springs can be statically loaded either continuously or intermittently, or dynamically subjected to continuous load cycling. They can be used singly or in multiples, stacked parallel, in series or in a combination thereof.
The advantages of Disc Springs compared to other types of springs include the following:
• A wide range of load/deflection characteristics
• High load capacity with small deflection
• Space savings – high load to size ratio
• Consistent performance under design loads
• Longer fatigue life
• Inherent dampening especially with parallel stacking
• Flexibility in stack arrangement to meet your application requirements
DISC SPRINGS
DIMENSIONAL DESIGNATIONS
De
Di
lotho
De = External Diameter of DiscDi = Internal Diameter of Disclo = Free Height of Disct = Material Thickness of Discho = Free Cone Height of Disc
F = Force or Load Applied Ns = Deflection of Disc Resulting from an Applied Force mms = Stress N/mm2
E = Modulus of Elasticity N/mm2
µ = Poisson’s Ratio —
SYMBOLS AND UNITS USED INTHE APPLICATION OF DISC SPRINGS
1
DISC SPRINGS
STANDARD PRODUCT RANGE
SPIROL offers the full range of DIN 2093 Group 1 and 2 Discs inSeries A, B, and C.
DIN 2093 RANGE
SPIROLSTANDARD RANGE
In addition to the DIN specified sizes, SPIROL stocks its own standard size range in outside diameters from 8mm to 200mm in order to meet the diverse needs of its customers. SPIROL Standard Disc Springs meet all material, dimensional tolerance, and quality specifications as laid out in DIN 2093 but in diameter and thickness combinations that are not included in the DIN standard.
SPECIALS SPIROL will work with the customer to develop special disc springs to meet the requirements of the application. Factors to take into consideration are forces, working parameters, environment, duty cycle, and required life. SPIROL can provide special dimensions, materials, finishes, and packaging to suit the application.
TO ORDER: Product / De x Di x t / material code / finish codeEXAMPLE: DSC 25 x 12.2 x 0.7 BR
STANDARD PRODUCT DEFINITIONS
PROPERTYTHICKNESSMATERIAL
HARDNESSFINISH
GROUP 1<1.25mmCode B – Carbon SteelC67S (1.1231) / UNS G10700HV 425-510 (HRC 43-50)Code R – Zinc Phosphate and Oil
GROUP 21.25mm up to 6mmCode W – Alloy Steel51CrV4 (1.8159) / UNS G61500HRC 42-52 (HV 412-544)
In addition to the standard offerings, SPIROL offers a line of austenitic Stainless Steel Disc Springs.
MATERIAL
FINISH
Code D – SAE 301 Stainless Steel Full Hard(X10CrNi18-8 No 1.4310 / UNS 30100)Code K – Plain finish, not oiled.
See page 14 for SPIROL’s standard offering.
Within each Group there are three Series — A, B, and C. These series are differentiated by material thicknesses and the corresponding force/deflection curves they generate (see page 2). DIN 2093 categorizes the three series by the following approximate ratios:
See pages 9-13 for SPIROL’s standard offering.
SERIES A
SERIES B
SERIES C
De/tDe/tDe/t
≈ 18
≈ 28
≈ 48
≈ 0.4
≈ 0.75
≈ 1.3
ho/tho/tho/t
2
DEFLECTION AND LOAD CHARACTERISTICS
LOAD/DEFLECTION RELATIONSHIP
The load/deflection curve of a single disc is not linear. Its shape depends on the ratio of cone height (ho) to the thickness (t) (ho/t). If the ratio is small, 0.4 (DIN Series A), the characteristic is virtually a straight line. The load deflection becomes increasingly curved as the ratio ho/t increases.
Up to a ratio of 1.5, discs may safely be taken to the flat position.
At a ratio of 1.5 the curve is flat for a considerable range of deflection. This is a useful consideration for wear compensation.
Above 1.5 the disc exhibits increasingly regressive characteristics and is capable of push-through and therefore needs to be fully supported.
At ratios over 2, the discs may invert when taken towards the flat position.
Fc is the design force of the disc in the flattened position.
THEORETICAL VERSUS MEASURED DEFLECTION
At the lower range, the actual measured curve departs slightly from the theoretical due to residual stresses.
In the mid range – the usual working range – the actual measured deflection very closely coincides with the theoretical.
As the deflection increases, the force moment arm shortens and the force required increases sharply. When the s/ho ratio exceeds 0.75, the deviation from the theoretical increases sharply. Accordingly, force/deflection predictability is limited to 75% of total deflection (ho).
The graph demonstrates the characteristic of a DIN 2093 Disc Spring, Group 2, Series B 50 x 25.4 x 2.
8000
N
6000
4000
2000
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 mm 1.4
Measured Characteristic
Theoretical Characteristic
LOA
D F
DEFLECTION s
FLA
T C
ON
DIT
ION
s =
0.7
5 h o
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
00 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
s/ho
FcF
Test
ing
Lim
it
Spring
s ser
ies A
DIN
209
3Sprin
g
serie
s C D
IN 2093
Sprin
gs se
ries B
DIN
2093
ho/t = 2
0.4
0.75
1.31.5
1.75
1
0
3
LOADING STRESSES
STATIC LOADING Static loading is defined as carrying a constant load or an occasionally changing load at relatively long time intervals not exceeding ten thousand cycles per design life. In these cases the highest calculated stress at Point O is most critical and should not exceed 1400 – 1600 N/mm2 in the flat (s = ho) position for the DIN 2093 specified materials.
The standard range of Disc Springs may be used in static loading conditions without the need to perform theoretical stress calculations. Under these conditions, spring set is not a factor with stresses up to F = 0.75 ho.
Residual manufacturing tensile stresses occur at the upper inside diameter edge Point I. These revert to compressive stresses when the disc is deflected by 15% to 20% of the total cone height (ho). Fatigue life will be drastically reduced by stress reversals and therefore discs in dynamic applications must be preloaded by a minimum of 15% to 20%.
The maximum deflection limit of 75% of total deflection (s = 0.75 ho) must be observed.
To increase fatigue life 1) reduce maximum stress, 2) increase pre-stress, or 3) both.
Dynamically loaded Disc Springs are generally divided into two categories:1. Limited Life – Discs which should achieve 2 x 106 cycles without failure.2. Practically Unlimited Life – Discs which should exceed 2 x 106 cycles without
failure.
Detailed design calculations can be provided by SPIROL to determine estimated fatigue life. At a minimum, the following information is required:
1. Mounting space available2. Maximum load3. Type of load – static, intermittent, dynamic4. Cycle life expected5. Operating conditions – temperature, corrosion
DYNAMIC LOADING
When the disc is loaded, compressive stresses result at Points I and IV. Compressive stresses typically act on the upper surface of the disc.
At the theoretical Point (O) between Points I and IV, the stress must not exceed the yield strength of the disc material (1400 – 1600 N/mm2 for the DIN 2093 specified materials) to ensure that there will be no “set.”
Tensile stresses at Points II and III are the basis for fatigue life calculations. Tensile stresses typically act on the lower surface of the disc.
loho
I
IIIV
III
O
CRITICAL STRESS POINTS
4
FATIGUE LIFE
When determining fatigue life of a Disc Spring, it is necessary to know the forces and deflections of the disc at both points of its cycle. Tensile stresses are always the determining factor in causing failure due to fatigue, so evaluating the stresses at points II and III is required.
The charts below represent typical expected life of discs tested under laboratory conditions. To use these charts properly, it is necessary to determine the maximum stresses at both minimum and maximum deflection points of the disc. Because either point II or III may be the highest loaded, it is recommended that both be evaluated and the worst case used.
These values are based on laboratory testing using fatigue testing equipment producing sinusoidal loading cycles and resulting in a 99% probability of fatigue life. These figures are valid for single discs and stacks in series of 10 discs or fewer utilizing a 15%-20% preload. Cycling was performed at room temperature and at a rate not to induce significant heating utilizing hardened and highly polished surfaces and guidance.
Stacking discs in parallel greatly reduces fatigue life as individual disc deflections may be attenuated due to the mating disc, resulting in localized higher stresses.
These values only apply to DIN standard materials that are not shot peened. Shot peening discs can extend the fatigue life of certain discs, but testing is required to determine the exact benefit.
GROUP 1 t < 1.25 mm
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
N = 105 N = 5 x 105 N ≥ 2 x 106
Max
imum
diff
eren
tial s
tress
, N/m
m2
Minimum tensile stress, N/mm2
GROUP 2 1.25 mm ≤ t ≤ 6.0 mm
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
N = 105 N = 5 x 105 N ≥ 2 x 106
Max
imum
diff
eren
tial s
tress
, N/m
m2
Minimum tensile stress, N/mm2
5
DESIGN GUIDELINES
MATERIALS AND FINISHES
l High carbon and alloy steel materials provide excellent strength and endurance life in most applications. The standard coating of zinc phosphate and oil provides adequate protection from humidity and occasional moisture. More effective protective finishes are available, but these tend to wear off in dynamic applications.
l Electroplated finishes should always be avoided. Hydrogen embrittlement poses too great of a risk in highly loaded discs having a hardness over HRC 40.
l Austenitic stainless steel is a very good choice for static and low cycle applications. It provides high forces and excellent corrosion resistance. This material will continue to work harden with use so cycle life is limited, but creep resistance is good.
l For dynamic applications where corrosion protection is required, precipitation hardening stainless steels are recommended. These steels are nearly as strong as the standard DIN materials and very corrosion resistant.
l At temperatures over approximately 200°F (100°C), standard DIN materials can begin to creep, or take a set. Between 300°F and 400°F (150°C to 200°C) the materials lose their strength and are no longer considered viable. Stainless steels are a bit more temperature resistant, but only up to 575°F (300°C).
l Select the disc with the largest outside diameter (De). This reduces the stresses at a given force (F)/deflection (s) ratio and thus enhances fatigue life. An outside (De) to inside diameter (Di) of 1.7 to 2.2 also enhances performance and longevity.
l Select a disc that achieves the maximum force required at less than 75% of its deflection. Deflection of 75% of cone height (ho) should be the design maximum. Reducing deflection increases fatigue life.
l Force/deflection curves can be changed by varying the cone height (ho) to thickness (t) ratio. Curves for discs may be plotted with the force/deflection data provided on pages 9-14 at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of deflection.
l Thicker discs have greater damping (hysteresis) characteristics.
SIZING AND SELECTION
ORIENTATION l Shorter stacks are more efficient. This is particularly important under dynamic loading. Discs at the moving end of the stack are overdeflected whereas discs at the opposite end are underdeflected. This results from the friction between the individual discs as well as the discs and the guiding mandrel or sleeve. Use of the largest practical outside diameter discs will reduce the number of individual discs and total stack height. It is recommended that total stack height not exceed three times the external disc diameter (De) or ten total discs.
l When discs are used in parallel, the following factors should be considered:1. In dynamic applications, the generation of heat;2. The relationship between loading and unloading forces due to friction;3. Hysteresis, the increased damping resulting from friction between the discs; and4. Lubrication – A must in parallel disc applications.
l Lubrication is required for the efficient use and extended life of discs. In moderate applications, a solid lubricant such as molybdenum disulfide will generally suffice. In severe and corrosive applications, an oil or grease lubricant housed in a chamber may be required.
l Hardened thrust washers will alleviate surface damage/indentation when discs are used in conjunction with soft materials.
FATIGUE LIFE l Fatigue life can be improved by increasing preload and reducing maximum deflection. This will likely require additional discs in series, but will extend life.
l Shot peening induces favorable compressive stresses on the disc surface. This reduces the likelihood of fatigue failure due to tensile stresses which generally start on the surface.
l Presetting is defined as a single or repeated compression of a heat treated disc to the flat condition. The strains induced give rise to plastic deformation, the spring thereby loses height. The remaining free conical height (ho) results from the residual stresses being at an equilibrium of forces and moments. The disc will no longer plastically deform during subsequent loading. This allows for higher load stresses and longer fatigue life.
6
DISC SPRINGS – STACKING
Consideration needs to be given to the friction between the parallel disc surfaces. A reasonable allowance is 2 - 3% of the force for each sliding surface – a greater force for loading and a lesser force for unloading. Discs in parallel should be well lubricated and it is suggested that the number of discs in a parallel set be limited to a maximum of 4 to reduce the deviation from calculated to measured characteristics. Discs in parallel have increased self-dampening (hysteresis) characteristics.
Deflection: Same as single disc
Force: Single disc multiplied by the number of discs
IN PARALLEL IN SERIES
Deflection: Single disc multiplied by the number of discs
Force: Same as single disc
IN COMBINATION
Deflection: Single disc multiplied by the number of discs in series
Force: Single disc multiplied by the number of parallel discs in a set
METHODS OF STACKING
regr
essiv
e
straig
ht lin
e
prog
ress
ive
LOA
D F
DEFLECTION s
STACKING Stacking individual Disc Springs provides the designer with:
• A wide range of possible force/deflection combinations;
• The ability to design application specific load curves – both progressive and regressive; and
• The opportunity to design a range of dampening characteristics into the design.
It is normally desirable to have both ends rest on the larger outer edge of the disc. With an uneven number of pairs in a stack, this is not possible. In this case, the end resting on the outer edge should be arranged to be on the end on which the force is applied – the moving end of the stack.
STACK CONSTRUCTION
RIGHT WRONG
EVEN NUMBER OF DISCS
RIGHT WRONG
ODD NUMBER OF DISCS
7
DISC SPRINGS – STACKING
STACK GUIDANCE Stacks need to be guided to keep the discs in position. The preferred method is internal, such as a rod through the inside diameter. In case of external guidance, a sleeve is suggested. In either case, the guiding component should be case-hardened to a depth of not less than 0.6 mm and a hardness of 58 HRC. A surface finish of ≤ 4 microns is also recommended.
De or Di
(mm)
Up to 16Over 16 to 20Over 20 to 26Over 26 to 31.5Over 31.5 to 50Over 50 to 80Over 80 to 140Over 140 to 250
CLEARANCE(mm)
0.20.30.40.50.60.81.01.6
Since the diameter of the discs change when compressed, the following clearance values are recommended:
PROGRESSIVE LOAD CURVES
Progressive loading can be obtained by assembling stacks in which discs will deflect consecutively when loaded. Generally, this is done by 1) stacking single, double and triple parallel sets in series, or 2) stacking discs of various thickness in series. It is, however, necessary to provide a means to limit the compression of the weaker disc to avoid overstressing while the stronger discs are still in process of compression.
DISC STACKS WITH PROGRESSIVE CHARACTERISTIC LOAD CURVES AND STROKE LIMITERS TO AVOID OVERLOAD
SLEEVEANDSTOP
WASHERSAND
RINGS
The stability of a disc with a thickness of 1 mm or less can present a problem at the bearing surfaces. In such cases, the use of intermediate flat discs is recommended with outside diameter contact.
RIGHT WRONG
8
DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES
DIAMETER TOLERANCE
De TOLERANCE MINUS mm
CONCENTRICITY TOLERANCE 1
3 to 6 0.12 0.12 0.15Over 6 to 10 0.15 0.15 0.18Over 10 to 18 0.18 0.18 0.22Over 18 to 30 0.21 0.21 0.26Over 30 to 50 0.25 0.25 0.32Over 50 to 80 0.30 0.30 0.60Over 80 to 120 0.35 0.35 0.70Over 120 to 180 0.40 0.40 0.80Over 180 to 250 0.46 0.46 0.92
Di TOLERANCE PLUS mm
De or Di RANGEmm
1) In reference to Outside Diameter De
Outside Diameter: De h12Inside Diameter: Di H12
Concentricity: De ≤ 50 mm 2 • IT 11 De > 50 mm 2 • IT 12
THICKNESS TOLERANCE (t)
From 0.2 to 0.6 0.02 0.06Over 0.6 to under 1.25 0.03 0.09From 1.25 to 3.8 0.04 0.12Over 3.8 to 6 0.05 0.15
TOLERANCE mm
PLUS MINUS
THICKNESS RANGEmm
The static load (F) of a single disc shall be determined for a disc in the loaded state using a suitable lubricant. The pressure plates between which the disc is compressed must be hardened, ground and polished.
The following deviations apply for normal applications:
Less than 1.25
From 1.25 to 3
Over 3 to 6
PERMISSIBLE DEVIATION in load F at s = 0.75 ho
as a percentage
THICKNESS (t)mm
+ 25 % - 7.5 % + 15 % - 7.5 % + 10 % - 5 %
SPRING FORCE TOLERANCE
Less than 1.25 0.10 0.05From 1.25 to 2 0.15 0.08Over 2 to 3 0.20 0.10Over 3 to 6 0.30 0.15
TOLERANCE mm
PLUS MINUS
THICKNESS RANGE (t)mm
FREE OVER-ALL HEIGHT (lo) TOLERANCE
9
DIS
C S
PR
ING
S T
O D
IN 2
093
Insi
deD
ia.
Di
Out
side
Dia
.D
e
F
Ove
rall
Hei
ght
l oC
one
Hei
ght
h oTh
ickn
ess
t
I
IIIII
IVO
M
Test
Hei
ght
l t
STA
ND
AR
D M
AT
ER
IAL
S
“t” le
ss th
an 1.
25 m
m
High
Car
bon S
teel
“t
” 1.25
mm
and t
hicke
r
Allo
y St
eel
STA
ND
AR
D F
INIS
HR
Phos
phate
coate
d, oil
ed
B W
TO O
RD
ER
: P
rodu
ct /
De x
Di x
t / m
ater
ial c
ode
/ fini
sh c
ode
EX
AM
PLE
: D
SC
25
x 12
.2 x
0.7
BR
Refe
r to
page
14 fo
r SPI
ROL
Stain
less S
teel
Disc
Spr
ings
.
Defle
ction
s in
mmFo
rce F
in N
Stre
ss s
in N
/mm2
Value
s calc
ulate
d in
acco
rdan
ce w
ith D
IN 2
092
C B A C B A
De
sig
n F
orc
e,
De
fle
cti
on
an
d S
tre
ss
es
Ba
se
d o
n E
= 2
06
kN
/mm
2 a
nd
µ =
0.3
De
Di
tl o
ho
ho/t
sl t
sII
sII
Is
l ts
IIs
III
sl t
sII
sII
Is
l ts
IIs
III
sF
s0M
Pre
load,
s =
0.1
5 h
o
Dim
en
sio
ns
s =
0.2
5 h
os
= 0
.5 h
os
= 0
.75 h
os
= h
o
FF
FF
-133
2-1
421
-177
6-1
003
-150
5-1
605
-1147
-191
1-1
384
-144
1-1
730
-957
-153
1-1
595
-122
8-1
535
-161
9-1
700
-154
4-1
853
126
238
465 42 142
269
108
500
232
377
652 63 257
418
206
402
424
641
404
699
0.25
0.20
0.20
0.25
0.25
0.20
0.35
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.25
0.30
0.30
0.25
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.35
0.35
0.35
1057 94
911
2310
4413
2511
94 951
1290
1084 99
211
38 980
1303
1195 98
811
3012
9112
1312
4914
17
930
1281
1717 32
986
512
18 640
1700
1019
1280
1629 35
297
412
38 786
1193
1080
1350 98
813
13
105
186
357 39 119
210 98 401
192
297
508 58 213
329
178
331
350
502
324
547
0.36
0.45
0.55
0.26
0.36
0.45
0.39
0.59
0.47
0.56
0.66
0.32
0.47
0.56
0.50
0.60
0.60
0.69
0.59
0.69
0.19
0.15
0.15
0.19
0.19
0.15
0.26
0.26
0.23
0.19
0.19
0.23
0.23
0.19
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.26
0.26
0.26
775
666
782
778
971
837
714
948
760
713
813
702
912
858
714
809
923
884
917
1033
540
792
1083 12
749
374
932
410
57 570
815
1053 13
353
978
441
168
361
185
660
482
9
81 130
246 34 92 147 83 303
140
214
360 48 155
236
141
249
263
370
245
403
0.42
0.50
0.60
0.32
0.42
0.50
0.47
0.67
0.55
0.62
0.72
0.40
0.55
0.62
0.60
0.70
0.70
0.77
0.67
0.77
0.13
0.10
0.10
0.13
0.13
0.10
0.18
0.18
0.15
0.13
0.13
0.15
0.15
0.13
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.18
0.18
0.18
386
350
408
394
482
439
388
506
430
348
394
403
516
418
385
432
493
467
487
545
197
365
511 6
175
343 95 461
260
343
453 26 242
328
149
285
251
384
257
369
44 69 128 21 50 78 52 169 84 106
175 32 93 117 85 143
150
201
137
219
0.49
0.55
0.65
0.39
0.49
0.55
0.56
0.76
0.62
0.69
0.79
0.47
0.62
0.69
0.70
0.80
0.80
0.86
0.76
0.86
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.08
0.06
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
263
214
249
269
328
268
223
289
275
235
266
260
330
283
238
266
303
266
278
310
122
212
299 -6 107
198 36 240
151
222
296 4
139
212 76 158
137
202
132
194
31 43 79 15 35 48 32 99 55 72 118 22 61 80 55 91 96 116 80 127
0.51
0.57
0.67
0.41
0.51
0.57
0.60
0.80
0.65
0.71
0.81
0.50
0.65
0.71
0.74
0.84
0.84
0.90
0.80
0.90
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.83
0.50
0.40
1.25
0.83
0.50
1.17
0.70
0.75
0.50
0.42
1.20
0.75
0.50
1.00
0.80
0.80
0.58
0.70
0.58
0.25
0.20
0.20
0.25
0.25
0.20
0.35
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.25
0.30
0.30
0.25
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.55
0.60
0.70
0.45
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.85
0.70
0.75
0.85
0.55
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.90
0.90
0.95
0.85
0.95
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.25 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6
3.2 3.2 3.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 3.2 3.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 4.2 4.2 5.2 5.2 6.2 6.2
8 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 12
DIN
Ser
ies
HV 42
5 - 51
0HR
C 43
- 50
HV 41
2 - 54
4HR
C 42
- 52
10
DIS
C S
PR
ING
S T
O D
IN 2
093
C B A C B A C B A C B A C B A C B A
De
sig
n F
orc
e,
De
fle
cti
on
an
d S
tre
ss
es
Ba
se
d o
n E
= 2
06
kN
/mm
2 a
nd
µ =
0.3
De
Di
tl o
ho
ho/t
sl t
sII
sII
Is
l ts
IIs
III
sl t
sII
sII
Is
l ts
IIs
III
sF
s0M
Pre
load,
s =
0.1
5 h
o
Dim
en
sio
ns
s =
0.2
5 h
os
= 0
.5 h
os
= 0
.75 h
os
= h
o
FF
FF
-125
0-1
388
-166
6-1
018
-129
3-1
551
-107
9-1
888
-127
5-1
377
-142
8-1
646
-188
1-9
88-1
333
-155
5-8
16-1
021
-122
5-1
667
-190
5-1
412
-146
8-1
834
-105
2-1
363
-155
8-1
202
-130
2-1
373
-154
5-1
024
-138
6-1
560
-173
3-1
560
-1178
-127
6-1
534
160
363
855
131
338
1040 18
196
933
451
973
384
412
61 165
503
1319 13
726
746
285
512
77 725
984
1921 22
369
916
31 453
668
921
1311 268
929
1323
1815
1976 44
485
525
09
0.45
0.35
0.30
0.45
0.40
0.30
0.55
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.50
0.45
0.35
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.70
0.70
0.55
0.50
0.50
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.60
0.65
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.45
0.80
0.65
0.50
1284
1105
1189
1061
1101
1092 99
813
7011
0010
6010
0212
9114
2310
1811
1510
71 791
885
980
1343
1454
1135
1110
1303
1106
1126
1088
1103
1080
1048
1133
1067
1112
1206
1300
1100
1227
1083
1071
401
913
1419 31
576
413
41 411
1483 73
210
0511
9511
5013
92 332
838
1287 24
752
079
410
9714
19 914
1124
1547 29
189
512
95 560
802
998
1205 30
990
910
9412
7813
01 336
768
1316
152
291
673
123
279
813
175
793
291
426
578
666
982
155
412
1004 13
924
540
074
510
78 594
791
1514 21
457
212
54 413
570
751
1051 25
474
510
4514
1815
31 425
710
1952
0.46
0.59
0.77
0.46
0.60
0.87
0.54
0.84
0.62
0.71
0.80
0.80
0.90
0.52
0.71
0.99
0.55
0.65
0.75
0.87
0.97
0.84
0.92
1.12
0.60
0.82
1.10
0.77
0.86
0.95
1.05
0.66
0.94
1.04
1.14
1.21
0.80
0.96
1.37
0.34
0.26
0.23
0.34
0.30
0.23
0.41
0.41
0.38
0.34
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.38
0.34
0.26
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.53
0.53
0.41
0.38
0.38
0.45
0.38
0.30
0.53
0.49
0.45
0.45
0.49
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.34
0.60
0.49
0.38
949
811
814
784
787
743
746
1000 78
776
670
790
999
773
580
577
158
364
670
896
410
37 827
777
904
809
792
757
797
785
748
804
786
806
870
934
776
897
782
737
142
559
864
109
428
826
149
882
368
591
727
694
856
117
488
846 52 234
416
567
779
536
660
939 83 509
814
246
436
576
715
102
548
674
800
830 98 434
815
131
220
457
107
210
547
156
605
229
320
411
474
689
131
309
716
126
206
317
588
822
452
564
1051 18
641
786
534
244
755
776
522
155
576
510
2610
72 370
539
1330
0.57
0.67
0.85
0.57
0.70
0.95
0.67
0.97
0.75
0.82
0.90
0.90
1.00
0.65
0.82
1.07
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.05
1.15
0.97
1.05
1.25
0.75
0.95
1.20
0.95
1.02
1.10
1.20
0.82
1.07
1.17
1.27
1.32
1.00
1.12
1.50
0.23
0.18
0.15
0.23
0.20
0.15
0.28
0.28
0.25
0.23
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.25
0.23
0.18
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.35
0.35
0.28
0.25
0.25
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.35
0.33
0.30
0.30
0.33
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.23
0.40
0.33
0.25
496
431
452
409
419
411
408
535
439
392
373
479
523
413
411
401
319
350
382
533
571
442
427
493
440
436
394
443
410
398
427
416
428
460
492
388
488
406
398
123
843
2 -2 173
418 4
370
137
236
328
311
391 12 192
398
-30 61 152
215
324
220
306
451
-14
226
382 66 158
244
313 -5 235
298
361
370
-14
168
399
82 123
255 67 120
302
103
346
143
174
222
256
367 86 169
372 85 130
191
362
491
259
320
580
121
242
451
219
258
315
423
140
309
419
553
537
240
302
720
0.69
0.76
0.92
0.69
0.80
1.02
0.81
1.11
0.87
0.94
1.00
1.00
1.10
0.77
0.94
1.16
0.85
0.95
1.05
1.22
1.32
1.11
1.17
1.37
0.90
1.07
1.30
1.12
1.19
1.25
1.35
0.99
1.21
1.31
1.41
1.44
1.20
1.29
1.62
0.11
0.09
0.08
0.11
0.10
0.08
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.13
0.11
0.09
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.18
0.18
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.15
0.13
0.10
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.11
0.20
0.16
0.13
325
246
287
268
258
261
242
314
278
255
228
293
320
262
267
227
198
217
236
335
358
259
268
309
272
275
240
279
263
245
262
268
251
269
287
251
302
260
249
-14
122
263
-12 94 255
-15
194 70 141
189
178
226 -5 114
215
-32 23 78 112
179
114
178
268
-22
129
223 25 87 136
177
-15
125
161
197
230
-23 96 239
57 72 162 46 76 192 66 210 95 116
138
159
226 58 112
211 57 85 124
239
320
157
205
367 80 156
276
146
172
199
265 96 186
249
327
347
160
199
451
0.73
0.80
0.95
0.73
0.84
1.05
0.87
1.17
0.92
0.98
1.04
1.04
1.14
0.82
0.98
1.20
0.91
1.01
1.11
1.29
1.39
1.17
1.22
1.42
0.96
1.12
1.34
1.19
1.25
1.31
1.41
1.05
1.27
1.37
1.47
1.48
1.28
1.35
1.67
0.07
0.05
0.05
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.07
0.05
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.11
0.11
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.08
0.06
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.12
0.10
0.08
1.29
0.70
0.43
1.29
0.80
0.38
1.38
0.79
1.00
0.75
0.57
0.57
0.50
1.25
0.75
0.39
1.50
1.20
1.00
1.00
0.88
0.79
0.63
0.50
1.33
0.71
0.40
1.17
0.93
0.75
0.67
1.30
0.69
0.61
0.55
0.41
1.33
0.81
0.40
0.45
0.35
0.30
0.45
0.40
0.30
0.55
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.50
0.45
0.35
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.70
0.70
0.55
0.50
0.50
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.60
0.65
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.45
0.80
0.65
0.50
0.80
0.85
1.00
0.80
0.90
1.10
0.95
1.25
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.10
1.20
0.90
1.05
1.25
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.40
1.50
1.25
1.30
1.50
1.05
1.20
1.40
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.50
1.15
1.35
1.45
1.55
1.55
1.40
1.45
1.75
0.35 0.5 0.7 0.35 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 1
0.45 0.7 1 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 0.6 0.8 1.25
6.2 6.2 6.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 5.2 5.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
11.2
11.2
11.2
12.5
12.5
12.5 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 22.5
22.5
22.5
DIN
Ser
ies
11
DIS
C S
PR
ING
S T
O D
IN 2
093
C B A C B A C B A C B A
De
sig
n F
orc
e,
De
fle
cti
on
an
d S
tre
ss
es
Ba
se
d o
n E
= 2
06
kN
/mm
2 a
nd
µ =
0.3
De
Di
tl o
ho
ho/t
sl t
sII
sII
Is
l ts
IIs
III
sl t
sII
sII
Is
l ts
IIs
III
sF
s0M
Pre
load,
s =
0.1
5 h
o
Dim
en
sio
ns
s =
0.2
5 h
os
= 0
.5 h
os
= 0
.75 h
os
= h
o
FF
FF
-1173
-125
7-1
508
-150
0-1
556
-183
4-2
200
-123
8-1
238
-162
2-1
078
-141
9-1
774
-149
0-1
415
-158
3-1
676
-128
2-1
282
-170
2-1
562
-107
7-1
442
-173
0-1
570
-192
3-11
53-1
442
-173
0-1
435
-157
2-1
658
-179
0-1
042
-125
8-1
611
-121
3-1
351
-145
5
602
842
1279
1273
1629
3000
5184 63
510
5038
21 723
1486
2902
3511
1482
2590
3949 85
913
4227
8536
80 722
2359
4077
5036
8054
1208
2359
4076
2347
3704
3908
7498 88
420
5967
4719
8431
8460
96
0.80
0.75
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.60
0.60
0.90
0.70
0.55
0.95
1.00
1.00
0.70
0.95
0.85
0.75
1.00
0.80
0.85
0.65
1.05
0.90
0.90
0.70
0.75
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.15
1.05
1.05
0.85
1.15
1.00
0.80
1.40
1.30
1.05
1007 98
811
6412
2112
0413
5615
6012
6510
3110
85 947
1158
1326 95
012
0412
0011
5313
0410
8613
6911
1111
3211
9413
5411
1113
2610
1811
5412
9011
9011
8613
1612
3810
7610
7311
2810
3310
38 946
626
840
1066 94
711
3314
0417
88 403
787
1410 52
888
013
4014
78 802
1178
1423 42
276
511
4412
81 310
927
1235
1310
1607 56
393
813
13 864
1177
1136
1527 31
874
313
32 664
981
1392
544
717
1078
1055
1325
2331
3986 60
186
829
10 661
1289
2394
2745
1266
2089
3065 80
111
0722
4628
54 687
1923
3249
3905
6148
1110
2024
3363
1990
2997
3163
5803 83
116
9951
8717
8026
7747
81
0.90
0.99
1.10
1.09
1.17
1.40
1.65
0.92
1.07
1.64
1.04
1.25
1.50
1.67
1.24
1.46
1.69
1.05
1.20
1.46
1.66
1.06
1.47
1.72
1.92
2.19
1.30
1.55
1.80
1.54
1.76
1.76
2.21
1.19
1.50
2.20
1.60
1.82
2.26
0.60
0.56
0.60
0.56
0.53
0.45
0.45
0.68
0.53
0.41
0.71
0.75
0.75
0.53
0.71
0.64
0.56
0.75
0.60
0.64
0.49
0.79
0.68
0.68
0.53
0.56
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.86
0.79
0.79
0.64
0.86
0.75
0.60
1.05
0.98
0.79
733
722
837
887
849
949
1085 91
973
076
969
883
794
966
087
885
882
295
077
697
878
383
184
495
076
693
574
283
392
386
584
894
187
079
276
678
575
074
366
9
295
466
589
541
655
868
1124 13
644
091
624
445
976
591
143
270
189
715
442
967
780
9 97 530
734
814
1035 25
050
075
047
269
666
896
411
141
683
731
954
286
5
448
565
829
810
964
1630
2748 51
564
420
41 556
1022
1799
1899 99
915
3421
85 681
832
1649
1997 59
714
0923
1426
6942
92 930
1587
2527
1555
2209
2330
4046 71
612
7735
7614
5920
4033
91
1.10
1.17
1.30
1.27
1.35
1.55
1.80
1.15
1.25
1.77
1.27
1.50
1.75
1.85
1.47
1.67
1.87
1.30
1.40
1.67
1.82
1.32
1.70
1.95
2.10
2.37
1.60
1.85
2.10
1.82
2.02
2.02
2.42
1.47
1.75
2.40
1.95
2.15
2.52
0.40
0.38
0.40
0.38
0.35
0.30
0.30
0.45
0.35
0.28
0.48
0.50
0.50
0.35
0.48
0.43
0.38
0.50
0.40
0.43
0.33
0.53
0.45
0.45
0.35
0.38
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.58
0.53
0.53
0.43
0.58
0.50
0.40
0.70
0.65
0.53
397
389
449
475
463
497
565
509
400
400
379
451
507
356
472
446
432
515
414
508
397
444
458
512
410
486
403
448
493
464
443
491
444
430
409
409
406
404
346
87 178
233
217
291
399
527 5
187
433 63 165
319
437
158
296
412 13 174
283
365 -9 230
334
394
488 63 188
313
179
294
280
439 2
168
393 98 222
389
279
336
486
468
552
863
1432 33
737
610
58 351
615
1030
1030 59
583
511
63 435
476
898
1018 38
280
612
8614
2922
27 587
946
1447 91
912
1312
8020
73 461
731
1864 90
412
0417
84
1.30
1.36
1.50
1.46
1.52
1.70
1.95
1.37
1.42
1.91
1.51
1.75
2.00
2.02
1.71
1.89
2.06
1.55
1.60
1.89
1.99
1.59
1.92
2.17
2.27
2.56
1.90
2.15
2.40
2.11
2.29
2.29
2.64
1.76
2.00
2.60
2.30
2.47
2.79
0.20
0.19
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.15
0.15
0.23
0.18
0.14
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.18
0.24
0.21
0.19
0.25
0.20
0.21
0.16
0.26
0.23
0.23
0.18
0.19
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.29
0.26
0.26
0.21
0.29
0.25
0.20
0.35
0.33
0.26
245
232
277
282
290
304
344
320
250
232
228
278
312
221
283
282
255
319
254
321
252
282
285
318
255
286
249
276
304
280
279
309
279
261
251
249
251
251
217
37 90 125
113
167
231
308
-13
105
242 23 84 176
259 78 173
230 -7 94 165
222
-19
130
193
235
276 22 98 173 91 170
161
265
-12 91 230 44 122
231
183
209
311
289
353
532
875
226
243
615
225
398
654
645
374
539
694
287
303
580
649
258
515
812
890
1313 38
661
091
957
978
182
413
09 299
464
1139 59
177
711
29
1.38
1.44
1.58
1.54
1.59
1.76
2.01
1.46
1.49
1.97
1.61
1.85
2.10
2.09
1.81
1.97
2.14
1.65
1.68
1.97
2.05
1.69
2.01
2.26
2.34
2.64
2.02
2.27
2.52
2.23
2.39
2.39
2.72
1.88
2.10
2.68
2.44
2.60
2.89
0.12
0.11
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.09
0.09
0.14
0.11
0.08
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.11
0.14
0.13
0.11
0.15
0.12
0.13
0.10
0.16
0.14
0.14
0.11
0.11
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.13
0.17
0.15
0.12
0.21
0.20
0.16
1.14
0.94
0.89
0.83
0.70
0.48
0.40
1.29
0.78
0.37
1.19
1.00
0.80
0.47
0.95
0.68
0.50
1.25
0.80
0.68
0.43
1.31
0.72
0.60
0.40
0.38
1.20
0.96
0.80
0.92
0.70
0.70
0.43
1.28
0.80
0.40
1.12
0.87
0.53
0.80
0.75
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.60
0.60
0.90
0.70
0.55
0.95
1.00
1.00
0.70
0.95
0.85
0.75
1.00
0.80
0.85
0.65
1.05
0.90
0.90
0.70
0.75
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.15
1.05
1.05
0.85
1.15
1.00
0.80
1.40
1.30
1.05
1.50
1.55
1.70
1.65
1.70
1.85
2.10
1.60
1.60
2.05
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.20
1.95
2.10
2.25
1.80
1.80
2.10
2.15
1.85
2.15
2.40
2.45
2.75
2.20
2.45
2.70
2.40
2.55
2.55
2.85
2.05
2.25
2.80
2.65
2.80
3.05
0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 11.2
5 1.5 0.7 0.9 1.5 0.8 11.2
5 1.5 11.2
5 1.5 0.8 11.2
5 1.5 0.8 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 1
1.25 1.5 1.25 1.5 1.5 2 0.9 1.25 2
1.25 1.5 2
8.2 8.2 8.2 10.2
10.2
12.2
12.2
12.2
12.2
12.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
12.2
12.2
12.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
16.3
16.3
16.3
16.3
16.3
12.3
12.3
12.3
14.3
14.3
16.3
16.3
18.3
18.3
18.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
23 23 23 23 23 23 23 25 25 25 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 31.5
31.5
31.5
31.5
31.5 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 35.5
35.5
35.5 40 40 40
DIN
Ser
ies
12
DIS
C S
PR
ING
S T
O D
IN 2
093
C B A C B A C B A C B A C B A
De
sig
n F
orc
e,
De
fle
cti
on
an
d S
tre
ss
es
Ba
se
d o
n E
= 2
06
kN
/mm
2 a
nd
µ =
0.3
De
Di
tl o
ho
ho/t
sl t
sII
sII
Is
l ts
IIs
III
sl t
sII
sII
Is
l ts
IIs
III
sF
s0M
Pre
load,
s =
0.1
5 h
o
Dim
en
sio
ns
s =
0.2
5 h
os
= 0
.5 h
os
= 0
.75 h
os
= h
o
FF
FF
-139
2-1
571
-171
2-1
024
-135
9-1
733
-159
5-1
871
-122
7-1
396
-153
4-11
04-1
471
-183
9-1
371
-154
3-1
511
-165
3-1
006
-120
7-1
408
-169
7-1
760
-165
9-11
74-1
284
-156
5-1
346
-168
2-1
527
-159
2-1
747
-178
2-1
834
-131
5-1
360
-158
6-1
524
-143
0
3281
6580
7171
1072
3201
7258
8456
1224
320
0744
7510
037
2600
6163
1203
857
4510
098
6329
1081
716
4628
4458
9889
9711
519
1564
027
6653
7914
752
5636
1100
899
9715
002
1143
316
792
2352
844
6389
0414
946
1954
593
60
1.30
1.10
1.15
1.30
1.15
1.10
0.90
0.95
1.60
1.30
1.00
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.50
1.35
1.60
1.40
1.60
1.60
1.40
1.50
1.40
1.10
1.95
1.60
1.30
2.20
2.20
1.90
1.65
2.00
1.70
1.50
2.35
1.75
1.70
1.40
2.40
1122
1090
1249
1067
1134
1314
1120
1286
1253
1148
1059 94
311
1812
9310
4810
5812
2011
9010
3511
4511
4013
5813
3211
4112
1710
9011
1511
1912
7311
9011
1914
8113
5813
0213
4910
8611
9310
4712
25
918
1359
1333 30
983
112
9813
3915
73 389
898
1296 60
710
8215
5710
0613
30 985
1324 31
252
892
311
5413
0114
28 348
765
1281 78
412
3710
7813
3410
4113
1615
07 400
909
1196
1296 80
6
2758
5195
5642
1018
2616
5730
6544
9359
1891
3659
7716
2321
5121
9658
4702
7902
5222
8510
1550
2512
4762
7241
9063
1204
426
2144
3811
441
5026
9255
8195
1180
394
3213
269
1822
542
3771
7911
810
1502
580
31
1.82
2.27
2.29
1.32
1.79
2.27
2.47
2.74
1.65
2.07
2.75
1.91
2.41
2.91
2.37
2.84
2.40
2.85
1.65
1.90
2.35
2.62
2.85
3.27
1.99
2.40
3.32
2.55
3.05
2.97
3.41
3.00
3.42
3.87
2.39
2.94
3.42
3.85
3.10
0.98
0.83
0.86
0.98
0.86
0.83
0.68
0.71
1.20
0.98
0.75
1.24
1.24
1.24
1.13
1.01
1.20
1.05
1.20
1.20
1.05
1.13
1.05
0.83
1.46
1.20
0.98
1.65
1.65
1.43
1.24
1.50
1.28
1.13
1.76
1.31
1.28
1.05
1.80
802
764
890
776
816
920
774
905
914
814
737
687
804
921
745
751
872
838
755
828
810
959
938
787
893
778
775
812
916
847
791
1058 95
390
599
077
783
872
988
3
503
825
819 98 480
783
835
1008 13
451
281
529
761
593
357
882
555
680
610
625
053
767
578
989
711
442
879
538
668
861
681
858
379
393
713
253
572
181
542
2
2102
3663
4060 87
619
6640
4144
8165
1616
2027
0153
2018
9738
8570
3734
7856
3739
2460
4413
2820
2834
9152
4964
3782
1422
6533
3578
9540
9771
0260
8183
9670
8894
0712
574
3665
5294
8373
1035
962
97
2.15
2.55
2.57
1.65
2.07
2.55
2.70
2.97
2.05
2.40
3.00
2.32
2.82
3.32
2.75
3.17
2.80
3.20
2.05
2.30
2.70
3.00
3.20
3.55
2.47
2.80
3.65
3.10
3.60
3.45
3.82
3.50
3.85
4.25
2.97
3.37
3.85
4.20
3.70
0.65
0.55
0.58
0.65
0.58
0.55
0.45
0.48
0.80
0.65
0.50
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.75
0.68
0.80
0.70
0.80
0.80
0.70
0.75
0.70
0.55
0.98
0.80
0.65
1.10
1.10
0.95
0.83
1.00
0.85
0.75
1.18
0.88
0.85
0.70
1.20
436
409
469
428
435
492
412
471
497
440
384
368
426
483
402
396
466
442
410
447
430
515
494
416
485
415
410
440
491
456
412
564
508
478
538
412
446
380
475
203
383
368 -3 198
361
401
475 4
218
383 92 249
406
248
376
228
364 2 74 230
297
355
432 -4 173
377
125
276
262
367
236
361
443 -4 229
329
383
153
1240
2005
2199 57
211
1722
1123
8533
8510
4115
4427
7311
6122
1838
4919
8930
2822
4732
61 854
1242
1949
2940
3473
4329
1464
1910
4203
2528
4151
3478
4470
4059
5137
6674
2371
2957
4573
5399
3755
2.47
2.82
2.86
1.97
2.36
2.82
2.92
3.21
2.45
2.72
3.25
2.74
3.24
3.74
3.12
3.51
3.20
3.55
2.45
2.70
3.05
3.37
3.55
3.82
2.96
3.20
3.97
3.65
4.15
3.92
4.24
4.00
4.27
4.62
3.56
3.81
4.27
4.55
4.30
0.33
0.28
0.29
0.33
0.29
0.28
0.23
0.24
0.40
0.33
0.25
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.38
0.34
0.40
0.35
0.40
0.40
0.35
0.38
0.35
0.28
0.49
0.40
0.33
0.55
0.55
0.48
0.41
0.50
0.43
0.38
0.59
0.44
0.43
0.35
0.60
271
254
281
268
261
305
255
279
307
273
234
231
266
301
249
238
286
270
254
276
264
318
302
256
297
255
253
272
303
282
256
347
313
294
330
250
275
231
293
110
223
206
-15
106
210
238
270
-13
122
224 43 139
235
139
212
125
209 -11 32 128
169
204
257
-17 94 222 58 149
146
215
128
208
261
-19
126
190
224 78
801
1257
1337 38
369
313
8614
7920
10 689
985
1695 76
814
3224
4712
6818
4014
2720
23 565
808
1226
1859
2154
2671 95
912
1326
0216
5026
5722
1628
1225
7832
1341
2615
5718
3428
6033
0124
21
2.60
2.93
2.98
2.10
2.48
2.93
3.01
3.31
2.61
2.85
3.35
2.90
3.40
3.90
3.27
3.65
3.36
3.69
2.61
2.86
3.19
3.52
3.69
3.93
3.16
3.36
4.10
3.87
4.37
4.11
4.40
4.20
4.44
4.77
3.80
3.99
4.44
4.69
4.54
0.20
0.17
0.17
0.20
0.17
0.17
0.14
0.14
0.24
0.20
0.15
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.23
0.20
0.24
0.21
0.24
0.24
0.21
0.23
0.21
0.17
0.29
0.24
0.20
0.33
0.33
0.29
0.25
0.30
0.26
0.23
0.35
0.26
0.26
0.21
0.36
0.87
0.55
0.58
1.30
0.77
0.55
0.40
0.38
1.28
0.74
0.40
1.10
0.83
0.66
0.75
0.54
0.80
0.56
1.28
1.07
0.70
0.67
0.56
0.37
1.30
0.80
0.43
1.10
0.88
0.76
0.55
0.80
0.57
0.43
1.31
0.70
0.57
0.40
0.96
1.30
1.10
1.15
1.30
1.15
1.10
0.90
0.95
1.60
1.30
1.00
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.50
1.35
1.60
1.40
1.60
1.60
1.40
1.50
1.40
1.10
1.95
1.60
1.30
2.20
2.20
1.90
1.65
2.00
1.70
1.50
2.35
1.75
1.70
1.40
2.40
2.80
3.10
3.15
2.30
2.65
3.10
3.15
3.45
2.85
3.05
3.50
3.15
3.65
4.15
3.50
3.85
3.60
3.90
2.85
3.10
3.40
3.75
3.90
4.10
3.45
3.60
4.30
4.20
4.70
4.40
4.65
4.50
4.70
5.00
4.15
4.25
4.70
4.90
4.90
1.5 2 2 1 1.5 22.2
5 2.5 1.25
1.75 2.5 1.5 2 2.5 2 2.5 2 2.5 1.25 1.5 2
2.25 2.5 3 1.5 2 3 2 2.5 2.5 3 2.5 3 3.5 1.8 2.5 3 3.5 2.5
16.3
16.3
18.3
20.4
20.4
20.4
20.4
20.4
22.4
22.4
22.4
18.4
18.4
18.4
20.4
20.4
22.4
22.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
28.5
28.5
28.5
20.5
20.5
25.5
25.5
30.5
30.5
30.5 31 31 31 31 30.5
40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 45 45 45 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 56 56 56 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 63 63 63 63 70
DIN
Ser
ies
13
DIS
C S
PR
ING
S T
O D
IN 2
093
C B A C B A C B A C B A C B A C B C B C B C B C
De
sig
n F
orc
e,
De
fle
cti
on
an
d S
tre
ss
es
Ba
se
d o
n E
= 2
06
kN
/mm
2 a
nd
µ =
0.3
De
Di
tl o
ho
ho/t
sl t
sII
sII
Is
l ts
IIs
III
sl t
sII
sII
Is
l ts
IIs
III
sF
s0M
Pre
load,
s =
0.1
5 h
o
Dim
en
sio
ns
s =
0.2
5 h
os
= 0
.5 h
os
= 0
.75 h
os
= h
o
FF
FF
-150
2-1
615
-184
5-1
295
-124
6-1
594
-131
1-1
363
-173
8-1
679
-124
6-1
363
-155
8-1
465
-157
4-11
91-1
235
-151
2-1
764
-166
3-11
74-1
284
-150
5-1
273
-141
5-1
203
-129
3-11
89-1
333
-1159
-1192
-121
3
1415
215
218
3091
954
2681
5226
712
6950
1284
429
122
4395
281
5717
487
4078
624
547
4120
190
9115
843
2533
846
189
6271
111
064
2151
856
737
1633
537
041
1819
933
843
2302
250
260
2796
644
930
3842
3
2.10
2.10
1.80
2.60
2.00
1.60
2.95
2.30
2.20
1.70
3.20
2.50
2.00
3.20
2.75
3.50
2.80
3.00
2.80
2.20
3.90
3.20
2.50
4.50
3.50
4.90
4.00
5.60
4.50
6.20
5.10
7.00
1148
1310
1319
1342
1055
1109
1369
1145
1314
1139
1286
1116
1088
1144
1088
1237
1049
1255
1337
1139
1220
1090
1061
1319
1151
1250
1101
1238
1110
1201
1036
1247
1097
1065
1486 38
874
413
32 378
838
1288
1460 38
588
212
9510
1713
44 359
734
944
1301
1418 35
276
512
43 390
925
364
764
350
831
350
674
381
1145
312
316
2392
351
4467
2520
535
6611
1053
922
874
3368
276
8414
189
3135
420
251
3232
886
1313
070
2067
436
339
4802
210
493
1775
243
812
1542
229
950
1720
127
920
2184
341
051
2644
237
533
3611
1
3.52
3.52
4.45
2.65
3.00
4.40
2.99
3.57
4.55
5.42
3.30
4.12
5.50
4.80
5.69
3.57
4.20
4.75
5.70
6.55
3.97
4.80
6.62
4.62
5.87
5.02
6.00
5.70
7.12
6.35
7.27
7.25
1.58
1.58
1.35
1.95
1.50
1.20
2.21
1.73
1.65
1.28
2.40
1.88
1.50
2.40
2.06
2.63
2.10
2.25
2.10
1.65
2.93
2.40
1.88
3.38
2.63
3.68
3.00
4.20
3.38
4.65
3.83
5.25
814
928
921
980
754
772
1003 81
492
478
693
879
275
781
876
990
274
989
494
279
088
977
873
796
181
691
178
790
479
087
774
291
0
640
617
925
125
417
837
118
474
783
924
130
509
814
577
827
116
411
540
789
897
112
428
777
129
537
119
428
111
474
115
368
131
8376
9007
1663
444
3250
5414
157
5724
7838
1621
322
928
6585
1041
621
617
1521
923
009
7410
9823
1534
125
810
3293
790
3813
341
3021
513
231
2192
414
773
2098
218
832
3043
122
731
2855
230
882
4.05
4.05
4.90
3.30
3.50
4.80
3.72
4.15
5.10
5.85
4.10
4.75
6.00
5.60
6.37
4.45
4.90
5.50
6.40
7.10
4.95
5.60
7.25
5.75
6.75
6.25
7.00
7.10
8.25
7.90
8.55
9.00
1.05
1.05
0.90
1.30
1.00
0.80
1.48
1.15
1.10
0.85
1.60
1.25
1.00
1.60
1.38
1.75
1.40
1.50
1.40
1.10
1.95
1.60
1.25
2.25
1.75
2.45
2.00
2.80
2.25
3.10
2.55
3.50
436
497
482
532
402
402
545
437
486
412
509
424
394
437
405
492
399
476
496
411
485
415
387
524
436
497
419
491
422
476
398
494
279
267
430 -5 169
393 -9 198
354
445 2
218
382
238
376 -3 167
225
355
424 -4 173
367 0
231 -2 173 -6 199 -2 145 5
4715
5070
8757
2861
2894
7379
3707
4483
8726
1195
642
3258
7711
267
8714
1238
648
0056
2486
7313
924
1706
158
5676
3915
920
8542
1230
095
4312
014
1216
217
270
1464
616
613
1981
7
4.57
4.57
5.35
3.95
4.00
5.20
4.46
4.72
5.65
6.27
4.90
5.37
6.50
6.40
7.06
5.32
5.60
6.25
7.10
7.65
5.92
6.40
7.87
6.87
7.62
7.47
8.00
8.50
9.37
9.45
9.82
10.75
0.53
0.53
0.45
0.65
0.50
0.40
0.74
0.58
0.55
0.43
0.80
0.63
0.50
0.80
0.69
0.88
0.70
0.75
0.70
0.55
0.98
0.80
0.63
1.13
0.88
1.23
1.00
1.40
1.13
1.55
1.28
1.75
270
307
294
330
247
245
335
270
298
253
315
262
240
269
246
306
246
292
303
250
302
255
237
325
268
308
258
304
260
295
246
306
158
150
250
-19 92 230
-22
109
203
263
-14
122
223
131
214
-17 91 124
204
249
-17 94 215
-16
130
-16 94 -18
110
-15 77 -12
2984
3209
5376
1895
1838
4511
2440
2854
5407
7330
2800
3721
6888
5535
7606
3191
3572
5482
8637
1040
138
9348
5297
9756
7177
6563
3576
3180
5810
947
9698
1063
113
104
4.78
4.78
5.53
4.21
4.20
5.36
4.76
4.95
5.87
6.44
5.22
5.62
6.70
6.72
7.34
5.67
5.88
6.55
7.38
7.87
6.31
6.72
8.12
7.32
7.97
7.96
8.40
9.06
9.82
10.07
10.33
11.45
0.32
0.32
0.27
0.39
0.30
0.24
0.44
0.35
0.33
0.26
0.48
0.38
0.30
0.48
0.41
0.53
0.42
0.45
0.42
0.33
0.59
0.48
0.38
0.68
0.53
0.74
0.60
0.84
0.68
0.93
0.77
1.05
0.70
0.70
0.45
1.30
0.80
0.40
1.31
0.77
0.55
0.34
1.28
0.71
0.40
0.80
0.55
1.30
0.80
0.75
0.56
0.37
1.30
0.80
0.42
1.29
0.70
1.29
0.80
1.30
0.75
1.29
0.85
1.27
2.10
2.10
1.80
2.60
2.00
1.60
2.95
2.30
2.20
1.70
3.20
2.50
2.00
3.20
2.75
3.50
2.80
3.00
2.80
2.20
3.90
3.20
2.50
4.50
3.50
4.90
4.00
5.60
4.50
6.20
5.10
7.00
5.10
5.10
5.80
4.60
4.50
5.60
5.20
5.30
6.20
6.70
5.70
6.00
7.00
7.20
7.75
6.20
6.30
7.00
7.80
8.20
6.90
7.20
8.50
8.00
8.50
8.70
9.00
9.90
10.50
11.00
11.10
12.50
3 3 4 2 2.5 42.2
5 3 4 5 2.5 3.5 5 4 5 2.7 3.5 4 5 6 3 4 6 3.5 5 3.8 5 4.3 6 4.8 6 5.5
30.5
35.5
35.5 36 36 36 41 41 41 41 46 46 46 41 41 51 51 51 51 51 57 57 57 64 64 72 72 82 82 92 92 102
70 70 70 71 71 71 80 80 80 80 90 90 90 100
100
100
100
100
100
100
112
112
112
125
125
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
DIN
Ser
ies
14
STA
ND
AR
D M
AT
ER
IAL
D
Aust
eniti
c St
ainl
ess
Stee
lS
TA
ND
AR
D F
INIS
HK
Pl
ain
STA
INL
ES
S S
TE
EL
DIS
C S
PR
ING
S
A B A B A B A C B A C B A C B A C B A C B A C B A C B C B C B C C C C C
De
sig
n F
orc
e,
De
fle
cti
on
an
d S
tre
ss
es
Ba
se
d o
n E
= 1
90
kN
/mm
2 a
nd
µ =
0.3
De
Di
tl o
ho
ho/t
sl t
sII
sII
Is
l ts
IIs
III
sl t
sII
sII
Is
l ts
IIs
III
sF
s0M
Pre
load,
s =
0.1
5 h
o
Dim
en
sio
ns
s =
0.2
5 h
os
= 0
.5 h
os
= 0
.75 h
os
= h
o
TO O
RD
ER
: P
rodu
ct /
De x
Di x
t / m
ater
ial c
ode
/ fini
sh c
ode
EX
AM
PLE
: D
SC
25
x 12
.2 x
0.9
DK
FF
FF
-148
0-1
412
-147
1-1
281
-153
7-11
92-1
431
-911
-123
0-1
435
-970
-125
7-1
437
-944
-127
9-1
438
-108
6-11
77-1
414
-1142
-1142
-149
6-11
82-11
82-1
441
-993
-133
0-9
61-11
61-9
44-1
253
-1132
-928
-108
3-1
213
-1195
248
237
385
335
789
312
959
153
464
1217 20
664
515
05 247
857
1823 41
078
923
14 586
969
3524 79
212
3833
94 666
2176 81
518
99 989
2953
1851
1518
2551
4116
5004
0.20
0.30
0.25
0.35
0.30
0.40
0.30
0.50
0.45
0.35
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.65
0.55
0.45
0.80
0.65
0.50
0.90
0.70
0.55
1.00
0.80
0.65
1.05
0.90
1.15
1.00
1.30
1.15
1.60
1.60
1.95
2.35
2.60
1102
1202
1103
1019
1097
1016
1007 93
910
29 988
1020
1039
1003 98
410
2610
1511
32 999
988
1167 95
110
0012
0310
0110
2510
4411
02 992
990
984
1046
1156 95
511
2212
4512
38
1124 89
811
42 842
1308 70
512
37 306
773
1187 26
982
611
95 285
839
1200 31
070
812
14 372
726
1300 38
970
611
82 286
855
293
685
285
767
359
288
321
369
358
193
196
304
269
620
258
750
143
380
926
197
528
1157 23
568
714
12 392
655
1801 55
480
126
84 739
1021
2632 63
417
74 767
1567 93
924
1317
4414
3024
1839
0847
44
0.45
0.47
0.56
0.59
0.77
0.60
0.87
0.52
0.71
0.99
0.60
0.82
1.10
0.66
0.94
1.21
0.80
0.96
1.37
0.92
1.07
1.64
1.05
1.20
1.66
1.06
1.47
1.19
1.50
1.32
1.79
1.65
1.65
1.99
2.39
2.65
0.15
0.23
0.19
0.26
0.23
0.30
0.23
0.38
0.34
0.26
0.45
0.38
0.30
0.49
0.41
0.34
0.60
0.49
0.38
0.68
0.53
0.41
0.75
0.60
0.49
0.79
0.68
0.86
0.75
0.98
0.86
1.20
1.20
1.46
1.76
1.95
772
841
792
748
750
725
686
678
743
711
746
730
698
725
743
716
827
721
679
847
674
710
876
715
722
767
779
730
707
716
753
843
697
824
913
904
691
497
723
516
797
395
762
108
450
780 77 469
751 94 506
765 91 401
751
125
406
845
142
395
746 89 488
103
383 90 442
123 98 105
121
115
136
143
218
203
421
194
505
121
285
660
171
384
798
203
512
988
341
498
1227 47
559
418
82 628
767
1842 55
013
00 660
1177 80
818
1414
9512
2520
8933
8040
88
0.50
0.55
0.62
0.67
0.85
0.70
0.95
0.65
0.82
1.07
0.75
0.95
1.20
0.82
1.07
1.32
1.00
1.12
1.50
1.15
1.25
1.77
1.30
1.40
1.82
1.32
1.70
1.47
1.75
1.65
2.07
2.05
2.05
2.47
2.97
3.30
0.10
0.15
0.13
0.18
0.15
0.20
0.15
0.25
0.23
0.18
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.33
0.28
0.23
0.40
0.33
0.25
0.45
0.35
0.28
0.50
0.40
0.33
0.53
0.45
0.58
0.50
0.65
0.58
0.80
0.80
0.98
1.18
1.30
405
476
386
398
417
387
379
381
379
370
406
403
363
383
395
358
450
374
368
470
369
369
475
382
366
410
422
397
377
395
401
458
378
448
496
491
317
223
303
220
399
160
385 11 177
367
-13
209
353 -4 217
342
-13
155
368 5
173
400 12 160
336 -9 212 2
155 -3 182 4 2 -4 -3 -4
72 86 108
114
235
111
279 80 156
344
111
223
416
129
285
495
222
279
664
311
347
976
401
439
939
352
743
425
674
527
1031 96
178
713
5021
8726
39
0.55
0.62
0.69
0.76
0.92
0.80
1.02
0.77
0.94
1.16
0.90
1.07
1.30
0.99
1.21
1.44
1.20
1.29
1.62
1.37
1.42
1.91
1.55
1.60
1.99
1.59
1.92
1.76
2.00
1.97
2.36
2.45
2.45
2.96
3.56
3.95
0.05
0.08
0.06
0.09
0.08
0.10
0.08
0.13
0.11
0.09
0.15
0.13
0.10
0.16
0.14
0.11
0.20
0.16
0.13
0.23
0.18
0.14
0.25
0.20
0.16
0.26
0.23
0.29
0.25
0.33
0.29
0.40
0.40
0.49
0.59
0.65
247
304
261
227
265
238
241
242
247
209
251
254
222
247
231
231
279
239
230
295
231
214
294
235
232
260
263
240
232
247
241
284
234
274
304
304
183
129
196
113
242 87 235 -5 105
198
-20
119
206
-14
115
212
-21 88 221
-12 97 223 -7 87 205
-17
120 -11 84 -14 98 -12
-10
-16
-18
-17
45 56 74 67 150 70 177 54 104
195 74 144
254 88 171
320
147
184
416
209
224
567
265
279
599
238
475
276
428
353
639
635
521
885
1436
1748
0.57
0.65
0.71
0.80
0.95
0.84
1.05
0.82
0.98
1.20
0.96
1.12
1.34
1.05
1.27
1.48
1.28
1.35
1.67
1.46
1.49
1.97
1.65
1.68
2.05
1.69
2.01
1.88
2.10
2.10
2.48
2.61
2.61
3.16
3.80
4.21
0.03
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.05
0.08
0.07
0.05
0.09
0.08
0.06
0.10
0.08
0.07
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.14
0.11
0.08
0.15
0.12
0.10
0.16
0.14
0.17
0.15
0.20
0.17
0.24
0.24
0.29
0.35
0.39
0.500
0.750
0.500
0.700
0.429
0.800
0.375
1.250
0.750
0.389
1.333
0.714
0.400
1.300
0.688
0.409
1.333
0.813
0.400
1.286
0.778
0.367
1.250
0.800
0.433
1.313
0.720
1.278
0.800
1.300
0.767
1.280
1.280
1.300
1.306
1.300
0.20
0.30
0.25
0.35
0.30
0.40
0.30
0.50
0.45
0.35
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.65
0.55
0.45
0.80
0.65
0.50
0.90
0.70
0.55
1.00
0.80
0.65
1.05
0.90
1.15
1.00
1.30
1.15
1.60
1.60
1.95
2.35
2.60
0.60
0.70
0.75
0.85
1.00
0.90
1.10
0.90
1.05
1.25
1.05
1.20
1.40
1.15
1.35
1.55
1.40
1.45
1.75
1.60
1.60
2.05
1.80
1.80
2.15
1.85
2.15
2.05
2.25
2.30
2.65
2.85
2.85
3.45
4.15
4.60
0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.45 0.7 1 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.6 0.8 1.25 0.7 0.9 1.5 0.8 1 1.5 0.8 1.25 0.9 1.25 1 1.5 1.25
1.25 1.5 1.8 2
4.2 5.2 5.2 6.2 6.2 7.2 7.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 10.2
10.2
10.2
11.2
11.2
11.2
12.2
12.2
12.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
16.3
16.3
18.3
18.3
20.4
20.4
22.4
25.4
28.5 31 36
8 10 10 12.5
12.5 14 14 16 16 16 18 18 18 20 20 20 22.5
22.5
22.5 25 25 25 28 28 28 31.5
31.5
35.5
35.5 40 40 45 50 56 63 71
DIN
Ser
ies
15
Axial preloading of bearings with SPIROL bearing Disc Springs extends the bearing life and eliminates excessive running noise.
One or more Disc Springs can be used. In most cases the outer race of the ball bearing is preloaded with the Disc Spring. In some cases it is desirable to preload the inner race. Accordingly, Disc Springs designed for the outer race of one bearing will also fit the inner race of another bearing.
The recommended preload is achieved when the disc is deflected to 75% of the free cone heights (ho). The ho/t ratio is designed so that the spring load remains nearly constant for a large deflection range. Tolerance build up and variations resulting from expansion can be accommodated without a significant change in preload.
BALL BEARING DISC SPRINGS
De
Di
lotho
TO ORDER: Product / De x Di x t / material code / finish codeEXAMPLE: BRG 41.6 x 25.5 x 0.5 BR
9.812.815.818.818.821.823.725.727.729.731.734.634.636.639.641.646.551.554.561.567.571.571.574.579.579.584.589.589.594.59999
109109114119119124
0.40.5
0.550.650.7
0.750.90.91
1.11.11.11.21.31.31.41.51.51.51.81.72.12.11.92.32.32.52.52.52.22.62.62.72.7
2.452.82.83
634635
627
629
62006201
6202
6203
62046205
6206
6207
62086209
6210
6211
6212
62136214
0.20.250.3
0.350.350.40.50.50.60.70.70.70.70.80.80.90.90.90.91.11
1.41.41.11.51.51.61.61.61.21.61.6
1.451.451.2
1.551.551.75
0.150.1880.2250.2630.263
0.30.3750.3750.450.5250.5250.5250.525
0.60.6
0.6750.6750.6750.6750.8250.751.051.050.8251.1251.125
1.21.21.20.91.21.2
1.0881.088
0.91.1631.1631.313
23.229.323
31.350.746.380.663.580
82.881
61.4118.4110.2109.9113.3153.5135.5141.3175.6161.3184.9218.3211.3227.5263.4358.7287.8335.3324.7292.3332.3357.1397.9398.2319.9392.6444.8
6.27.28.29.2
10.212.314.314.317.317.420.420.422.420.425.525.530.535.540.540.550.545.550.555.550.555.560.560.565.575.565.570.570.575.590.575.585.590.5
EL3EL4EL5EL6EL7EL8EL9
6300
6301
630263036304
6305
6306
6307
6308
6309
6310
6311
0.20.250.250.3
0.350.350.40.40.40.40.40.40.50.50.50.50.60.60.60.70.70.70.70.80.80.80.90.90.9111
1.251.251.251.251.251.25
623624625626607608609600
6001
6002
6003
60046005
600660076008
6009
6010
60116012
6013
60146015
6016
De Di t lo ho s,mm F (N)
Ball Bearing Size
Dimensions s = 0.75 ho
Predictable preloading of bearings results in quiet running and long life. Disc Springs may also be used to preload seals, packings, clutches and other machine elements.
De
Di
Note: All Ball Bearing Disc Springs are made to order.
STANDARD MATERIALS “ t ” less than 1.25 mm High Carbon Stee l
“ t ” 1.25 mm and thicker A l loy S tee l
Austempered to HRC 42 - 52 / HV 412 - 544
STANDARD FINISHR Phosphate coated, oiled
B
W
16
DISC SPRING APPLICATIONS
Mechanical Braking System
Application:
Braking systems for off-highway equipment are commonly designed to be hydraulically actuated. In most cases, braking occurs when pressurized fluid compresses stationary friction discs against plates that rotate with the drive shaft. The amount of friction between each set of plates controls the deceleration of the vehicle. Without an additional fail safe system, this design alone has limited reliability. If a hydraulic seal is compromised, or the hydraulic cylinder loses pressure for any reason, the brakes fail.
Solution:
The mechanical back-up design uses SPIROL® Disc Springs. Under normal circumstances, the hydraulic system holds a constant pressure on Disc Springs stacked in series. If pressure fails to be maintained, the stack of Disc Springs decompresses to actuate the braking mechanism. A compression spring or wave spring is not capable of providing the force required (in the space available) to actuate the brakes. The reliability of this safety system is dependent on the consistent performance of Disc Springs. In this critical application, the Disc Spring’s performance and level of predictability improves product quality and ensures overall safety.
SPIROL® Disc Springs have a consistently high capacity to store potential mechanical energy. The conical design of SPIROL® Disc Springs makes their spring characteristics and performance more predictable than traditional compression springs. Disc Springs are also capable of providing more force in less space than a compression spring or wave spring. They are commonly stacked in multiples to achieve application specific spring rates: a stack in series provides less force over more travel; a stack in parallel provides more force over less travel. The precise tolerances of each individual Disc Spring provides unparalleled performance predictability when they are stacked (either in series or in parallel).
SPIROL® Disc Springs also allow fatigue endurance to be predicted. Stress analysis enables the minimum cycle life of Disc Springs (singularly or stacked) to be calculated as a part of the application’s design.
17
Application:
As mandated by the ASME code for pressure piping, proper design and installation is critical for the performance and safety of piping systems. Industrial pipe systems are primarily supported by rod hangers, base line or base elbow supports. While these static supports are used to carry weight, dynamic supports are necessary to control loads on the pipe system.
Solution:
For example, in heat exchanger applications, SPIROL® Disc Springs are used to accept thermal dynamics. As the temperature of the fluid within the pipe changes, the pipe will expand (when hot) and contract (when cold) accordingly. SPIROL® Disc Springs support the system by maintaining a constant pressure at any temperature. This consistency is transmitted to the pipe joint and is essential for maintaining a proper seal. A well sealed gasket prevents fluids from escaping and reduces costly maintenance.
SPIROL® Disc Springs offer an advantage to coil springs by providing an equivalent displacement in a fraction of the space. In many instances, such as under a heat exchangers bottom flange, this space savings is required. SPIROL® Disc Springs are the solution to providing a robust, maintenance free support system for industrial pipe systems.
DISC SPRING APPLICATIONS
Pipe Supports for Industrial Pipe Systems
A coil spring cannot provide the proper support given the limited space in this example. Only a Disc Spring stack is able to package the required load and travel in the restricted space.
Disc Spring Coil Spring
Application:
Pick-off spindles in CNC screw machines are designed to hold a part as it is cut to length and then finished. The spindle uses a collet to release the part when it is complete and then clinch a new part.
When the machine is setup, the clamping force required to hold each part in the collet must be precisely calibrated to prevent the finished product from slipping (if the force is too low) or being crushed (if the force is too high). This calibration is dependent on the geometry and material of the final product. After calibration, the quality of the finished product relies on a consistent clamping force for thousands of cycles at a time.
Solution:
This high degree of reliability is provided by SPIROL® Disc Springs. When the collet is opened, 16 SPIROL® Disc Springs stacked in series are compressed by a hydraulic cylinder. Each time the force from the cylinder is released, SPIROL® Disc Springs provide a consistent force to close the collet on the part.
Left: Disc Springs are compressed, collet is open.
Right: Disc Springs are uncompressed, collet is closed, work
piece is clinched.
Pick-Off Unit for CNC Machines
4
© 2012 Spirol International Corporation 2.5M 02/12
ISO/TS 16949:2009 CertifiedISO 9001:2008 Certified
Spirol International Corporation30 Rock AvenueDanielson, Connecticut 06239Tel. +1 860.774.8571Fax. +1 860.774.2048(US Distributors: Fax. +1 860.774.0487)
Spirol International Corporation Shim Division321 Remington RoadStow, Ohio 44224Tel. +1 330.920.3655Fax. +1 330.920.3659
Spirol West Inc.1950 Compton Avenue, Unit 111Corona, California 92881-6471Tel. +1 951.273.5900Fax. +1 951.273.5907
Spirol Industries, Ltd.3103 St. Etienne BoulevardWindsor, OntarioCanada N8W 5B1Tel. +1 519.974.3334Fax. +1 519.974.6550
Spirol México, S.A. de C.V.Carretera a Laredo KM 16.5 Interior ECol. Moisés SaenzApodaca, N.L. 66613 Méxicoó Apdo. Postal 151 de Apodaca, N.L.Tel. +52 81 8385 4390Fax. +52 81 8385 4391
Spirol Industries, Ltd.Princewood RoadCorby, NorthantsNN17 4ET United KingdomTel. +44 1536 444800Fax. +44 1536 203415(UK Distributors: Tel. 0800 3890034)
Spirol SASCité de l’Automobile ZAC Croix Blandin 18 Rue Léna Bernstein 51100 ReimsFranceTel. +33 3 26 36 31 42 Fax. +33 3 26 09 19 76
Spirol GmbHBrienner Strasse 980333 MunichGermanyTel. +49 931 454 670 74Fax. +49 931 454 670 75
Spirol SAS en España08940 Cornellà de LlobregatBarcelonaSpainTel. +34 93 193 05 32Fax. +34 93 193 25 43
Spirol S.A.S., organizační složka Sokola Tůmy 743/16Ostrava-Mriánské Hory 70900Czech RepublicTel/Fax. +420 417 537 979
Spirol International EngineeredFastener Trading Co. Ltd.No. 11 Xi Ya Rd. NorthSection A, 1F, Building 14Wai Gao Qiao Free Trade ZoneShanghai, China 200131Tel. +86 21 5046-1451/1452Fax. +86 21 5046-1540
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TO ORDER: Product / d2 x d1 x t / material code / finish codeEXAMPLE: LWR 9 x 4.3 x 1 BK
1) Maximum height at delivery2) Minimum height after test for permanent set as specified in DIN 267 Part 263) Compression test load4) Calculated spring force at deflection equals hmin - s
Nominal d1 d2 s h h Force Force Size H14 h14 max1) min2) N Test3) N4)
2 2.2 5 0.4 0.6 0.5 920 628 2.5 2.7 6 0.5 0.72 0.61 1540 946 3 3.2 7 0.6 0.85 0.72 2350 1320 3.5 3.7 8 0.8 1.06 0.92 3160 2410 4 4.3 9 1 1.3 1.12 4050 3770 5 5.3 11 1.2 1.55 1.35 6700 5480 6 6.4 14 1.5 2 1.7 9400 8590 7 7.4 17 1.75 2.3 2 13700 11300 8 8.4 18 2 2.6 2.24 17200 14900 10 10.5 23 2.5 3.2 2.8 27500 22100 12 13 29 3 3.95 3.43 40000 34100 14 15 35 3.5 4.65 4.04 55000 46000 16 17 39 4 5.25 4.58 75000 59700 18 19 42 4.5 5.8 5.08 95000 74400 20 21 45 5 6.4 5.6 122000 93200 22 23 49 5.5 7.05 6.15 152000 113700 24 25 56 6 7.75 6.77 175000 131000 27 28 60 6.5 8.35 7.3 230000 154000 30 31 70 7 9.2 8 280000 172000
d1
hs
d2
CONICAL SPRING WASHERSDesigned in accordance with DIN 6796 for use with high tensile bolts in Classes 8.8 and higher.
Since the spring force exerted is predictable, Spring Washers provide a simple effective means of determining bolt tension required to achieve a properly torqued assembly. In addition, tension, which would otherwise be lost to expansion, wear, or compression set, is maintained.
MATERIAL B Spring steel heat treated to HV 420-510 (HRC 43-50)
FINISH K Plain (natural), oiled
Produced to order only.
