The Ozone Disco Club fire

Overview:

The Ozone Disco Club fire in Quezon City, Philippines broke out shortly before midnight at 11:35 pm Philippine Standard Time, March 18, 1996 (03:35 PM, March 17, 1996, GMT) leaving at least 162 people dead. It is officially acknowledged as the worst fire in Philippine history, and among the 10 worst nightclub fires in the world the fire broke out just before midnight on March 18, 1996. At the time of the fire, it was estimated that there were around 350 patrons and 40 club employees inside Ozone Disco, though it had been approved for occupancy for only 35 persons. Most of the club guests were high school and college students attending graduation or end-of-the-school-year celebrations. Survivors reported seeing sparks flying inside the disc jockey's booth shortly after midnight, followed by smoke which they thought was part of the party plan of the DJ. One of them added that within minutes, flames broke out, engulfing the place and caused the mezzanine's collapse. Many of the bodies were discovered along the corridor leading to the only exit, piled up waist-high. Quezon City officials were quoted as saying that the club's emergency exit was blocked by a new building next door, and that there was no proper fire exit installed. It was also reported that the exit had been locked from the outside by the club's security guards, who had thought that a riot had taken place. The final death count was reported as between 160 and 162 people, the latter being the figure cited by the trial court that heard the ensuing criminal case. The death toll was one of the worst ever for a nightclub fire, though it was subsequently surpassed by the República Cromagnon nightclub fire. In addition, at least 95 people were injured.

Reaction:

The best way to get survived in that accident is first, don’t panic if you see people screaming that catches fire on their clothes or in their hair. Have a presence of mind. Find a fire exit or emergency exit. If its lock, try to fin d another way that you can get out immediately before you get cooked in there like a roasted turkey. You can pass through the window and break the window glass if it’s necessarily need! If smoke getting bigger and bigger try to get low to the floor so you can still breathe and crawl to the nearest safe place. Smoke inhalation causes people to become unconscious. You should cover your nose and mouth if you really have to walk by or through a heavily smoke in the disco room. You can also place a wet shirt or a towel over to your nose and mouth to help you to filter those material that explode from combustion also in help to prevent you to smoke inhalation .If your clothes catch fire, immediately stop what you're doing, drop flat to the ground, and roll around until you put the fire out. Cover your face with your hands as you're rolling to protect yourself. Call the emergency service number to call a help.

Bocaue Pagoda Tragedy

Overview:

The Bocaue Pagoda Tragedy refers to a fatal accident that occurred on July 2, 1993 during the 1993 Bocaue River Festival in Bocaue, Bulacan, in the Philippines. The accident involved a sinking of the floating pagoda, the centrepiece of the festivities, which resulted in the drowning of more than 200 devotees. The pagoda for the 1993 celebrations was estimated to be boarded by 800 to 1000 devotees. At 8:15 pm, the accident occurred taking the lives of at least 266 people. The pagoda downed in the middle of the Bocaue River between the barangays Bunlo and Bambang. The pagoda was 20 feet tall. According to witnesses many of the people on board the pagoda were forced to move to one side of the barge reacting to a kwitis, away ward sky rocket, flying towards the pagoda. The concentrated weight of the people on board tilted the barge. The people on board the pagoda panicked as they heard the noise of crackling timber was heard. The structure of the pagoda collapse and gradually sank to the riverbed. Witnesses further claimed that fishermen by the river bank drew their fishing boats towards the sinking pagoda to help save people from the pagoda. The pagoda's light was still on and it's power generator was still operational as the pagoda sank causing many people to believe that electrocution caused some of the fatalities.

Reaction:

If I was in there in that incident, I always keep it in my mind that I won’t get panic no matter what happens. Have a presence of mind! In this critical situation you need to decide more carefully. Jumping into the river is not a smart choice even though you’re great in swimming. You may don’t know that the pagoda boat reaches the deepest part of the river and that can cause to devotees or people drown. Stay safe as you can in the pagoda boat and try to tell to devotees don’t panic. Try to duck or get low in the boat so you can avoid the kwitis towards in that place so the boat won’t flip or sank. If you can talk to the operator of the pagoda boat, tell to him to turn off the entire power generator to avoid electrocution that may cause fatalities and tell to the boat operator to call immediately help to others to assists the boat or you can call the emergency service number.

Typhoon Haiyan

Overview:

Typhoon Haiyan, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Yolanda, was one of the strongest tropical cyclones ever recorded, devastating portions of Southeast Asia, particularly the Philippines, in early-November 2013. It is the deadliest Philippine typhoon recorded in modern history, killing at least 6,300 people in that country alone. Haiyan is also the strongest storm recorded at landfall, and the strongest typhoon ever recorded in terms of one-minute sustained wind speed. As of January 2014, bodies were still being found.

Thereafter, it continued to intensify; at 1200 UTC on November 7, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) upgraded the storm's maximum ten-minute sustained winds to 235 km/h (146 mph; 127 kn), the highest in relation to the cyclone. The Hong put the storm's maximum ten-minute sustained winds at 275 km/h (171 mph; 148 kn), prior to landfall in the central Philippines, while the China Meteorological Administration estimated the maximum two-minute sustained winds at the time to be around 280 km/h (174 mph; 151 kn). At 1800 UTC, the JTWC estimated the system's one-minute sustained winds to 315 km/h (196 mph; 170 kn), making Haiyan the strongest tropical cyclone ever observed based on one-minute sustained wind speed; several others have recorded lower central pressure readings. Several hours later, the eye of the cyclone made its first landfall in the Philippines at Guiuan, Eastern Samar. Gradually weakening, the storm made five additional landfalls in the country before emerging over the South China Sea. Turning north-westward, the typhoon eventually struck northern Vietnam as a severe tropical storm on November 10. Haiyan was last noted as a tropical depression by the JMA the following day.The cyclone caused catastrophic destruction in the Visayas, particularly on Samar and Leyte, Cebu, Capiz, Negros, and Northern Iloilo. According to UN officials, about 11 million people have been affected – many have been left homeless.

Reaction:

If I was in there, I would make it sure i get the things that I really need it like bottled water, can food, cell phones, ipad, lighter or matches also some clothes and portable radio and extra battery to know what is the update about the typhoon .If you think your place is in the low level of the surface ground? Try to find higher places to avoid the storm surges. You need to find also shelter that has a good foundation that can

protect you from the pressure of the strong wind in the outside. Stay there a long as the devastating typhoon pass through. If you have an evacuation plan, go deal with it and go to the nearest evacuation centre but if there not try make a symbol asking for help like S.O.S or capitalized HELP. If there’s a signal, try to call for help.

1990 Luzon Earthquake

Overview:

The Luzon earthquake occurred on Monday, July 16 at 4:26 p.m. local time on the densely populated island of Luzon in the Philippines. The shock had a surface wave magnitude of 7.8 and produced a 125 km-long ground rupture that stretched from Dingalan, Aurora to Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija. The event was a result of strike-slip movements along the Philippine Fault and the Digdig Fault within the Philippine Fault System. The earthquake's epicentre was near the town of Rizal, Nueva Ecija, northeast of Cabanatuan City. An estimated 1,621 people were killed in the earthquake,

most of the fatalities located in Central Luzon and the Cordillera region.

The earthquake caused damage within an area of about 20,000 square kilometres, stretching from the mountains of the Cordillera Administrative Region and through the Central Luzon region. The earthquake was strongly felt in Metropolitan Manila, Destroying many buildings and leading to panic and stampedes and ultimately three deaths in the National Capital Region, one of the lowest fatalities recorded in the wake of the tremor. The Southern Tagalog (nowadays Regions 4A and 4B) and Bicol Regions also felt the quake, but with low casualty figures.

Reaction:

If I were there in that incident, I will stay calm and will have a presence of mind.I will do duck, cover and hold. Minimize your movements to a few steps to a nearby safe place and if you are indoors, stay there until the shaking has stopped and you are sure exiting is safe. Cover your head and neck with your arms. This position protects you from falling and provides some protection for vital organs. Because moving can put you in danger from the debris in your path, only move if you need to get away from the danger of falling objects. If you can move safely, crawl for additional cover under a sturdy desk or table. If there is low furniture, or an interior wall or corner nearby and the path is clear, these may also provide some additional cover. Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls, and anything that could fall, such as lighting fixtures or furniture.Hold on to any sturdy shelter until the shaking stops. Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls, and anything that could fall, such as lighting fixtures or furniture. Be aware that the electricity may go out or the sprinkler systems or fire alarms may turn on. Many emergency vehicles, such as fire engines and ambulances, will be using roads during disasters. Obstructing emergency vehicles immediately increases the damage caused by a disaster. Never use cars during an

earthquake. False rumours and information can spread during disasters, leading to further confusion. Obtain accurate information from the TV or radio and don’t get tricked by misinformation.

2013 Bohol earthquake

Overview:

The 2013 Bohol earthquake occurred on October 15 at 8:12 a.m. (PST) in Bohol, an island province located in Central Visayas, Philippines. The magnitude of the earthquake was recorded at Mw 7.2, with epicenter 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) S 24° W of Sagbayan, and its depth of focus was 12 kilometres (7.5 mi). It affected the whole Central Visayas region, particularly Bohol and Cebu. The quake was felt in the whole Visayas area and as far as Masbate Island in the north and Cotabato provinces in Southern Mindanao.

According to official reports by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), 222 were reported dead, 8 were missing, and 976 people were injured. In all, more than 73,000 structures were damaged, of which more than 14,500 were totally destroyed. It was the deadliest earthquake in the Philippines in 23 years. The energy released by the quake was equivalent to 32 Hiroshima bombs.

Reaction:

The best thing you must do is to stay calm. If you are in your house, stay inside. If the earthquake strikes during you’re in your house protect your head, hide in a safe place, such as under a table. Running outside is too dangerous, because roof tiles and glass may fall on you and stay away from window. Be careful of broken glass you may get injured when walking around. Not all of the time you’re staying in your house, you need to go outside. Make it sure there’s an open doors to secure your escape and prevent yourself being trapped. If you have a escape route go deal with it and be careful. Stay away from any power line or building that might fall on you. Never return to the house to get something .You may become trapped under debris or caught in a fire. Try to avoid entering your house until safety is confirmed. Expect after shock. If there a tsunami advisory in your place go get into the highest place as you could go. Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide first aid for anyone who needs it. Turn on the radio to get an accurate information and update about in earthquake.

MV Doña Paz Tragedy

Overview:

The MV Doña Paz was a Philippine-registered passenger ferry that sank after colliding with the oil tanker MT Vector on December 20, 1987. With an estimated death toll of 4,386 people and only 24 survivors, it was the deadliest peacetime maritime disaster in history. Doña Paz was travelling from Leyte Island to the Philippine capital of Manila. The vessel was seriously overcrowded, with at least 2000 passengers not listed on the manifest. In addition, it was claimed that the ship carried no radio and that the life-jackets were locked away. But official blame was directed at the MT Vector, which was found to be unseaworthy, and operating without a license, lookout or qualified master. On December 20, 1987, at 06:30, Philippine Standard Time, the Doña Paz left from Tacloban City, Leyte, for the City of Manila, with a stopover at Catbalogan City, Samar. The vessel was due in Manila at 04:00 the following day, and it was reported that it last made radio contact at around 20:00.However, subsequent reports indicated that the Doña Paz had no radio. At around 22:30, Philippine Standard Time, the ferry was situated at Dumali Point, along the Tablas Strait, near Marinduque. A survivor later said that the weather at sea that night was clear, but the sea was choppy. While most of the passengers slept, the Doña Paz collided with MT Vector, an oil tanker en route from Bataan to Masbate. The Vector was carrying 8,800 US barrels (1,050,000 l; 280,000 US gal; 230,000 imp gal) of gasoline and other petroleum products owned by Caltex Philippines. Upon collision, the Vector's cargo ignited and caused a fire on the ship that spread onto the Doña Paz. Survivors recalled sensing the crash and an explosion, causing panic on the vessel. One of them, a passenger named Paquito Osabel, recounted that the flames spread rapidly throughout the ship, and that the sea all around the ship itself was on fire. Another survivor claimed that the lights onboard had gone out minutes after the collision, that there were no life vests to be found on the Doña Paz, and that all of the crewmen were running around in panic with the other passengers and that none of the crew gave any orders nor made any attempt to organize the passengers. It was later said that the life jacket lockers had been locked. The survivors were forced to jump off the ship and swim among charred bodies in flaming waters around the ship. The Doña Paz sank within two hours of the collision, while the Vector sank within four hours. Both ships sank in about 545 meters (1,788 ft) of water in the shark-infested Tablas Strait. Only 26 survivors were retrieved from the water. Twenty-four of them were passengers from the Doña Paz while the other two were crewmen from the Vector's 13-man crew. None of the crew of the Doña Paz survived. Most of the survivors sustained burns from jumping into the flaming waters.

Reaction:

If the collision happens, don’t panic. Stay calm, try to coordinate to the crew and tell to them to ask the passengers to stay calm and don’t panic so they can know what instruction will be given of captain of the ship! If they give an orders, just follow carefully, if there’s a scenario that you are trapped room or deck, don’t get panic and scream all the time. Reserve you energy; try to find other way to get out. If you are in outside, go to the nearest emergency exit and ask assistance for the crew. If you still didn’t make it an you’re still in inside, make a sound that would notice you that you are in inside like tapping the wall using a metal or anything that produces loud sound . If the ship is sinking, go to higher level of the ship so you won’t get drowned with the ship and wait for the rescue if ever it has. And lastly pray.

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