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Disaster Risk Management & Food Security Sector (DRMSS), Ministry of Agriculture
(MOA)
Policy and Institutional Framework for Effective Disaster Risk Management in Ethiopia
By
Muluneh Woldemariam
August, 2013
China
Outline
1. Disasters in Ethiopia
2. Disaster Management in Ethiopia
3. Policy Framework
4. Risk Assessments - Disaster Risk Profiles
5. DRM SPIF Framework – Key Points
6. Coordination and capacity building
1. Disasters in Ethiopia
Ethiopia is highly vulnerable to a wide range of disasters.
Major disasters are drought, flood, human and livestock epidemics, crop pests, conflict etc.
Drought remains the country’s leading major hazard while Flood is the second major hazard next to drought
Recent experience shows an apparent marked increase in flood disaster in area coverage and frequency of such disasters (climate change and associated risks)
2. Disaster Management in Ethiopia
Pre-1973: no organized DM system, ad-hoc response to crises.
Until 1973, there was no organized disaster management institution and therefore response to crisis up until then was ad hoc
1973: Relief & Rehabilitation Commission (RRC)
The first formal Govt. disaster management institution was established in 1973 with the establishment of the RRC with a mandate of providing relief assistance to drought affected people in Wollo and Tigray
Disaster Risk Management (Cont.)
The first organization, RRC, was re-organized and merged with settlement and Awash Valley Development Authorities in 1978 with a mandate of relief and rehabilitation including settlement programs
In 1993, the policy on NPDPM issued. Following the
ratification of the policy RRC once again re-organized and changed into DPPC in 1995 with a major change in its mandate (Relief supplies and Disaster Prevention through linking relief to development)
DPPC was renamed again as the Disaster Prevention and
Preparedness Agency (DPPA), with a revised mandate to focus on emergency response.
Disaster Risk Management (Cont.)
The system had been practically relief oriented and therefore was quite effective in saving lives, but its contribution to reduce vulnerability to disaster risks as well as poverty reduction efforts
low. Reengineering the way the country manages its
disaster risks and related vulnerabilities was needed
In order to implement DRM in the country a new structure was necessary.
This structure which is based on BPR has brought Early Warning and Response Directorate and Food Security Coordination Directorate under one roof i.e. Disaster Risk Management Food Security Sector (DRMFSS) 2008.
The same structures are replicated in all regions of the country for better coordination and implementation.
National DRM & Food Security coordination structure
MOA
FSCDEWRD
Logistics management Case Team
Safety net and household asset
building case team
Resettlement coordination Case Team
Aid agencies Coordination
Case Worker
Finance & Procurement Case Team
EWRIMCase Worker
DRMFSS
Emergency Logistics
management
Case Team
Emergency Finance &
Procurement Case Team
EFSRA
NDPPFO
NDPPC
DRMEWR Case Team
3. Policy Framework
National Policy on Disaster Prevention & Management (NPDPM) – 1993 revised and National Policy and Strategy on Disaster Risk Management is developed.
The DRM policy focuses on:-
Full DRM cycle – prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery and rehabilitation.
Focus on proactive risk management.
Aligned with the Hyogo Framework of Action.
Multi-hazard and multi-sector approach
Informed decision making based on strong risk assessments and early warning system
Emphasize decentralized and community-based DRM System etc.
4. Risk Assessments - Disaster Risk Profiles
An information system being developed to implement the new DRM approach
Disaster Risk Profile for every wereda in country based on information collected from communities, households and DRM actors
Builds upon livelihood assessments, and includes other risk elements
Analyses risk and vulnerabilities in all areas and hence appropriate context-specific risk transfer mechanisms and tools
Included in the 5-Year Development Plan of the country (Growth & Transformation Plan)
4.1.Risk Profile as the Beginning of DRM Process
Risk Profiles
DRR Planning
Early Warning Systems
Contingency Planning
Analyses of
underlying
causes of
disasters
• Management of causal factors of
disasters
• Reduction in exposure to hazards
and vulnerability
• Wise management of land and
environment
• Improved
preparedness for
adverse events
• Improved
preparedness for
adverse events
4.2. Major Achievements
Standardized system of risk assessment in the country
Multi-Agency Partnership
Supported by over 25 organizations (Govt., Donors, UN, Research, NGOs)
Coverage
Completed for over 250 districts
100,000 household interviews, 4000 FGDs and 2000 KIIs
Plan to complete all districts in country by 2014-15 (current FYP)
Training and Capacity Development:
Over 3000 wereda, zonal, regional and federal staffs trained in risk assessments
Planning Process
Risk Profile-based DRR Plans & Contingency Plans being prepared and EWS being contextualised
4.3.Early Warning System
Early Warning Checklists
Data collected on weekly and monthly basis from all districts in the country
Database maintained since year 1999
LEAP – Livelihood Early Assessment & Protection
Weather risk management tool
Using Water Balance Model, converts agro-meteorological data (collected from weather stations and remote sensing devices) into crop and rangeland production estimates
5. DRM SPIF Framework – Key Points
Rationale for Investment: despite significant recent gains, the impact of disasters can still undermine national GTP goals requiring a sustained and coordinated investment framework
DRM Linkages: DRM is multi-sectoral and whole-of-government approach requiring clear linkages:
• External: at policy, institutional and operational levels
• Internal: between information systems, contingency planning, response, and funding modalities
DRM principles: enshrined in the policy to guide action:
• DRM will be integrated in national development efforts
DRM SPIF Framework (cont.)
• Decentralized and community based with strong community role
• Wide participation of stakeholders
• Clear accountability and responsibility assigned
• Information management vital
• Comprehensive capacity development critical to success of DRM
• Builds on existing institutions and lessons learnt
DRM-SPIF Objectives
• Development Objective: • To reduce disaster risks and the impacts of disasters through the
establishment of a comprehensive and integrated disaster risk management system
• The Specific Objectives are: • Reduce disaster risks and vulnerability that hinder
development, primarily by focusing on proactive measures, establishing a culture of risk reduction in regular development programmes, and addressing the underlying causes of recurrent disasters;
• Save lives and protect livelihoods in the event of disasters and ensure the recovery and rehabilitation of all disaster-affected populations;
• Promote the resilience of people vulnerable to disasters; • Mainstream DRM into all sectors, and ensure DRM is integrated
into regular development programmes and implemented at all levels.
Coordination and Capacity Building
1. NIMS Program (National Incident Management System)
To strengthen the on-going DRM activities, the Government of Ethiopian and government of US initiated a partnership for capacity building on disaster management,
The purpose of the support is to adapt relevant components of the US’s National Incident Management System (NIMS) and to customize and incorporate into Ethiopian context in order to strengthen the existing DRM practices in the country.
(MAC,EOC,ICS)
Continued
2. ECC(Emergency coordination center
.provides a central location for stake holders to coordinate information and resources while implementing multi-Agency coordination(MAC)Group decisions, and to receive and process requests from incident command posts in the field.
.Acquire ,allocate, and track recourses
.Manage and share information
.Establish response priorities among incidents
African Disaster Risk Management Centre
3.The main objective of the center is to respond to capacity building needs on disaster risk management in Ethiopia as well as other African countries. The center is housed in Addis Ababa University.