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UNDP /UNECE

NHDR Workshop on Statistical Indicators

Bratislava, 5-10 May 2003

Gender Statistics andDisaggregation by Sex

Dono Abdurazakova, Gender AdviserUNDP Regional Support Centre, Bratislava

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Purpose

- to enlarge on disaggregation by sex

- to assess the strength and

weaknesses of the proposed HDindicators from gender perspective

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..Sex

Refers to biological differences betweenwomen and men.

Universal and unchangeable

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Gender

refers to social roles of women and men

Womens and mens role can be

interchangeable

Change over time and between cultures

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Gender issues

Relate to all aspects of womens and

mens lives, their different needs andinterests, access to resources anddifferent opportunities

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What is Gender Mainstreaming?

the process of assessing the implications for womenand men of any planned action, including legislation,policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels.

It is a strategy for making womens as well as mensconcerns and experiences an integral dimension ofthe design, implementation, monitoring andevaluation of policies and programmes in all political,economic and societal spheres so that women and

men benefit equally and inequality is notperpetuated. The ultimate goal is to achieve genderequality.The Report of the Economic and SocialCouncil for 1997. United Nations, 1997.

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Gender statistics: the issue

Gender statistics arenot necessarily and

not only statisticsdisaggregated bysex.

Gender statistics arestatistics thatadequately reflectthe situation ofwomen and men in

ALL policy areas -they allow for a

systematic study ofgender differentialsand gender issues

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Gender statistics are built on

ALL statistics on individuals collected bysex;

All variables and characteristicsanalyzed and presented by sex;

All statistics reflecting gender issues

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Disaggregation : Arguments

Primary and overall category for analysis andclassification

Crucial element in policies, plans andstrategies, as includes specific problems

Particularly important to understand hiddenlinks

Tracking progress :monitoring and evaluationof policies and action

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Why disaggregation by genderneeded?

Helps to combat with wrongperceptions

Raises awareness and

consciousness Persuades policy makers

Provides the basis for unbiasedpolicy decisions

Helps promote change

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National HDRsHave an important

awareness raising

and policy advocacy

role to play inaddressing the

challenges of

Putting people

first. This approachcannot afford to deal

with averages .

NHDR

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Are gender disparities growing in theregion?

the highest rates of suicides (up to 90%) committedby men in some parts of the region worldwide;

the biggest gap worldwide in life expectancy (womenoutlive men almost 16 years in some regions ofRussia, 2000);

diverse tendencies from gender perspective ineducation with feminization of higher education in

some countries combined with dramatically low levelsof womens representation and participation inpolitical life and top decision-making.

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Limitations

The indicators are limited in scope

(how to measure care, impact of

domestic violence or emotionalimplications of discrimination?)

Closing gender gaps doesnt always

mean equal empowerment or benefitsfor all

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EDUCATION: Ratio of girls to boys in primary,secondary and tertiary education (MDGs)

University Degrees , by sex, %, 1998-99

Armenia 47 53

Azerbaijan 72 28

Belarus 76 24

Georgia 49 51

Kazakhstan 57 43

Kyrgyzstan 51 49

Moldova 56 44

Ukraine 52 48

Uzbekistan 38 62

Source: UNDP/UNECE Gender statistics website http://www.unece.org

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Womens average monthly incomeas percentage of mens

Armenia n/a ; Azerbaijan 86%

Belarus 76% ; Georgia 53%

Kazakhstan 72 % ; Kyrgyzstan 78%

Moldova n/a ; Ukraine 74%Uzbekistan 81% (in 1995)Source: UNDP/UNECE Gender statistics website http://www.unece.org

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Working population

Country Year % women % men

Armenia 1998 48% 52%

Azerbaijan 1998 48% 52%

Belarus 1999 52% 48%

Georgia 1998 48% 52%

Kazakhstan 1997 46% 54%

Kyrgyzstan 1998 46% 54%

Moldova 1998 51% 49%

Ukraine 1999 51% 49%Uzbekistan 1997 44% 56%

Source: UNDP/UNECE Gender statistics website http://www.unece.org

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Seats in parliament

Country Year % women % menArmenia 2000 3% 97%

Azerbaijan 2000 12% 88%

Belarus 2000 5% 95%Georgia 2000 7% 93%

Kazakhstan 2000 10% 90%

Kyrgyzstan 2000 1% 99%Moldova 2000 9% 91%

Ukraine 2000 8% 92%

Uzbekistan 2000 7% 93%Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union, http://www.ipu.org

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Challenges

To train more people to be effectiveusers of gender-sensitive indicators

To further strengthen capacities ofnational statistical offices

To create new indicators and indices

To improve existing databases