Disability&

inclusive development

Definition

Persons with disabilities include those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which, in interaction with various barriers, may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.

(Art. 1 - UNCRPD)

International Convention

• The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities received its 20th ratification on 3rd April 2008, triggering the entry into force of the Convention and its Optional Protocol 30 days later.

• This marks a major milestone in the effort to promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms of persons with disabilities, and to promote respect for their inherent dignity.

Disability is a Human Rights Issue

• Disability is an unavoidable and universal part of human diversity

• There has been a change in the way the person with disabilities is viewed: From being seen as an object of charity

and a burden = approach of assistance To a subject of law = approach based on

the respect of all human beings

Shift from a charitable to a rights-based approachwhereby the individual is respected and

empowered

• In light of this change, four core human rights values take on particular importance in the context of disability :Dignity: respect for a person’s physical and moral

integrityAutonomy: capacity for self-directed action,

decision and behaviourEquality: no discriminationSolidarity: social support

Everybody has the same rights and should have the same access to their rights

The problem is within the individual: the disability is the direct result of the person’s impairment

Disability is only a health (thus medical) issue

Solutions are designed by « medical experts » on the basis of a medical diagnosis

Focus: elimination or cure of disability ; normalisation

Reference to people with disabilities as an oppressed minority

The environment of people with disabilities is the problem

Disability is the result of barriers linked to the physical environment, attitudes, information and communication. This leads to unequal access to opportunities

Focus: elimination of barriers linked to physical space, attitude and information/communication

Disability viewed as an individual pathology

MEDICAL MODEL

Disability viewed as a social pathology

SOCIAL MODEL

Contrasting disability models

Adapted from Rioux, 1997 - Cité par Interactif déc 2002 - Understanding disability : look, then act

SOCIAL PARTICIPATION

Environmental factors

Interaction

Personal factors

Human development model (RIPPH, 1996)

Intrinsic Extrinsic

HUMAN DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL

Personal factorsPersonal factors

Life HabitsLife Habits

HUMAN DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL

Facilitator - Obstacles

Environmental Environmental FactorsFactors

CapabilitiesAbility – Funct. impairment

Organic systems Integrity - Impairment

Social Participation - Disabling Situation

Interactions

Adapted from the Disability Creation Process, Fougeyrollas et al., 1997

Approach that respects the full human rights of every person, acknowledging diversity, eradicating poverty and ensuring that all

people are fully included and can actively participate in the development process and in activities, regardless of age, gender, disability,

state of health, ethnic origin or any other characteristic.

Inclusive development

Specific services

Access to mainstream services

whenever necessary

For an « equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms »

Twin-track approach !

United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities - 2006

whenever possible

TWIN TRACK APPROACH

Specialised services(direct rehabilitation services for

PwD)

• Physiotherapy• Occupational therapy• Prosthetic + Orthotic

services• Sign language• Corrective surgery• Information leaflets in

Braille• Care-givers, etc…

Mainstream services(non-specialised services for society in

general)

• Awareness campaigns to change communities’ attitudes towards disability (positive attitude)

• Removal of physical barriers• Accessible information

/communication• Access to livelihood

opportunities• PwDs included in mainstream

MFI targets, etc…A principle :access to mainstream services whenever possible, and a specialised approach whenever necessary