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Dirección General de Recursos Dirección General de Recursos Naturales RenovablesNaturales Renovables
Securing Healthy Soils and Stopping Land Degradation:
Outcomes for Rio+20
SOIL IN THE DECISION MAKING PROCESSES, THE EXPERIENCE OF URUGUAY
17 June 2012
URUGUAY
Total land area: 17 millon ha77% pasture and grassland basis
of livestock production11 millon bovine7,7 millon ovine
1,25 millon ha rainfeed agriculture
200 miles ha irrigated rice1 millon ha planted forestry
Average annual rainfall 1200mmwarm temperate
3.356.584 habitants
Current scenarioCurrent scenario
The Uruguayan economy is in the The Uruguayan economy is in the process of structural transformation:process of structural transformation:
Increased external openness ratio Increased external openness ratio
Increased specialization profile Increased specialization profile agricultural / agribusiness (intensive agricultural / agribusiness (intensive NR) NR)
Increased Foreign Direct InvestmentIncreased Foreign Direct Investment
Crop area
Source: Anuario DIEA, 2011.
Cro
p
area
Th
ousa
nd
s of
hec
tare
s
Crop area Agricultural intesnsity
Agr
icu
ltu
ral i
nte
nsi
ty
Technological and productive indicators for Technological and productive indicators for rainfed agriculture rainfed agriculture
1994/96 - 2008/20101994/96 - 2008/2010
PeriodPeriod
1994/961994/96PeriodPeriod
2008/102008/10
Total Total productionproduction
(thousands (thousands tons)tons)
1.0501.050 4.2004.200
ProductivityProductivity
(tons/ha)(tons/ha)2.32.3 4.14.1
No tillage No tillage adoption (%)adoption (%) 1010 9090
Source: DIEASource: DIEA
Current scenarioCurrent scenarioDecreased area of pastureDecreased area of pasture
Agricultural crops are the economic Agricultural crops are the economic backbone of the current situationbackbone of the current situation
The same use and management of soils is The same use and management of soils is performed in many cases, in soils with performed in many cases, in soils with different use capacitiesdifferent use capacities
Climate ChangeClimate Change
Increased vulnerability of agroecosystemsIncreased vulnerability of agroecosystemsLow sustainabilityLow sustainabilityIncreased riskIncreased risk
Further develop agricultural export with Further develop agricultural export with
higher added value includin family higher added value includin family
agricultureagriculture
Policies for sustainable use of NR and Policies for sustainable use of NR and
adaptation to climate changeadaptation to climate change
The MGAP strategy aims to…
Through … Through …
The General Directorate of The General Directorate of
Renewable Natural Resources is Renewable Natural Resources is
responsible for promoting, regulate responsible for promoting, regulate
and control the use and and control the use and
sustainable management of natural sustainable management of natural
resources relevant to agricultural resources relevant to agricultural
production and value chains.production and value chains.
Legislation … Legislation …
Aims the resposable and sustainable Aims the resposable and sustainable agricultural development in a frame of large agricultural development in a frame of large
and full respect for the environment.and full respect for the environment.
Obligation of propietary and holders of landsObligation of propietary and holders of lands
Agricultural activity is not discretionary of Agricultural activity is not discretionary of farmers on land use technical aspectsfarmers on land use technical aspects
There is a specific regulation for the act to There is a specific regulation for the act to growgrow
Article 5: Decree 405/2008
Shall require a plan for responsible soil use and management considering:
The soils
Tolerable erosion
Projected production systems
Crop secuencies
Management practices
Plan of soil use and Plan of soil use and managementmanagement
This plan provides guidelines on the use and This plan provides guidelines on the use and soil management of an establishement in soil management of an establishement in order to comply with th standars established order to comply with th standars established in the regulation of Law Nº 15.239.in the regulation of Law Nº 15.239.
The plan´s main objective is to achieve The plan´s main objective is to achieve sustainable production systems with good use, sustainable production systems with good use, maintenance and reclamation of soils.maintenance and reclamation of soils.
Plans must be submitted with an Plans must be submitted with an agronomy signatureagronomy signature
Land owner commitmentLand owner commitment
Plan of soil use and Plan of soil use and managementmanagement
Tools
► Universal Soil Loss Equation (Wischmeier, W. H.; Smith, D. D. 1978)
Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (Renard, K.G. et al 1997)
► More than 35 years of national research in validation and adaptation of the model
Young: K=0,18 ; slope: 2 a 6% CñN (Cañada Nieto): K=0,34 ; slope: 4 a 10%
05
101520253035404550
Cñ
You
ng Cñ
You
ng Cñ
You
ng Cñ
You
ng Cñ
You
ng Cñ
You
ng Cñ
You
ng Cñ
You
ng Cñ
You
ng Cñ
You
ng
Sj Sj Sj Tr Sj cob M1-T-S2
S1-T-M2
M1-T-S2-cob
M-S-T/p-P-
M-S-T/p-P-
M-S-T-S-T/p-
M-S-T-S-T/p-
Ero
sió
n P
rom
edio
An
ual
, Mg
/ha
SD LR
CC Soja CC Soja-Gramíneas
RCP
Hill y García Préchac, s/p
Avera
ge a
nnual ero
sion
, M
g/h
a
Number of plans: 30Number of plans: 30
Area involved: 29103 hasArea involved: 29103 has
Pure agricultural crop rotation: Pure agricultural crop rotation: 65%65%
Crop pasture rotation: 35%Crop pasture rotation: 35%
ConsiderationsConsiderations Confirm objetives and toolsConfirm objetives and tools
It was considered appropiate and relevant to It was considered appropiate and relevant to extend the pilot phase 1 more year to get extend the pilot phase 1 more year to get covered with preparedness activities.covered with preparedness activities.
Mantain the requirements for agreed Mantain the requirements for agreed locations (Basine of Laguna del Sauce and locations (Basine of Laguna del Sauce and Rocha Lagoon protected Area and Rocha Lagoon protected Area and investement law: clean production)investement law: clean production)
Further organic carbonFurther organic carbon