Dilution process of fine particles by means of thermodilution · 2017-07-18 · Dilution process of fine particles by means of thermodilution Yuichi GOTO, Terunao KAWAI National Traffic

Dilution process of fine particles by means of thermodilution

Yuichi GOTO, Terunao KAWAI National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory

7-42-27 Jindaiji-higashi-machi, Chofu, Tokyo 182-0012, JAPAN

Abstract The influence of dilution by means of a thermodiluter, which removes particles of nuclei mode,

was clarified to stabilize the measurement results by using a standard particle generator. The effect

of oxidation catalyst in CRT on nuclei mode particles was showed by real-time measurement of

particle size distribution under transient driving condition.

Introduction A new PM measurement method is discussing at present in GRPE/PMP, such as particle measurement equipments, samplings and so on. Particles emitted from diesel engines, especially the particles that are called ‘Nuclei Mode Particles’ are very unstable and easily influenced by the engine operating conditions and the measurement conditions. Most of nuclei mode particles are said to consist of volatile organic particles with mainly high carbon number. These particles may be able to be reduced by an oxidation catalyst in DPF. The purpose of this study is to verify thermodiluters and to investigate the behavior of nuclei mode particles in DPF (CRT) that will become popular. This paper consists of ‘Dilution process by thermodiluter’ and ‘Effect of oxidation catalyst in CRT on nano particles’.

Dilution process by thermodiluter A standard particles generator (CAST) was used to keep the stability of original particle size

distribution. The same transfer tube was used for both without disk diluter and with disk diluter to avoid the effect of transfer tube contamination. Disk diluter was used as a thermodiluter and size distribution was measured by SMPS. Slide 6 shows specifications of a standard particle generator (CAST) and a thermodiluter (Disk Diluter). Slide 7 shows influence of dilution ratio and temperature on monomodal distribution. Red line shows an original distribution of CAST. There is no remarkable difference between the distributions of each dilution ratio except for

dilution temperature 25℃ that means no heating. There are some differences between original distributions and dilution distributions. However it may be possible to compensate the difference between original distributions and dilution distributions by calculations, because the original distribution and dilution distribution forms are almost the same except for both very small size particle region and very large size particle region. Basically the tendency of influence distribution ratio and temperature on bimodal distribution is the same as the previous monomodal case.

Effect of oxidation catalyst in CRT on nano particles Slide 10 shows the specifications of test engine and test DPF (CRT). The used fuel is low sulfur fuel. Sulfur content is less than 35 ppm. Slide 12 shows Fast Particle Sizer Specification. This instrument was used to measure transient behaviors of particle size distribution. Test conditions are two conditions One is a steady state engine condition. High exhaust gas temperature was achieved by initial running the engine at middle load for a certain period of time. Just after achieving the required high exhaust gas temperature, the engine was suddenly switched from middle speed and load to idling. The exhaust gas temperature was decreasing slowly because the temperature of exhaust system was still high. During this time, the measurement of size distribution was carried out by DMS500. Another is a transient engine condition. The real-time measurement of size distribution was carried out in the condition of FTP mode by DMS500. Slide 14 shows experimental apparatus for oxidation catalyst in DPF (CRT). The measurements were carried out at three points, before DPF, after oxidation catalyst in DPF and after DPF. Slide 16 shows typical behavior of fine particles in DPF due to exhaust gas temperature change during idling. Just after the change from middle speed and load to idling, nuclei mode particles did not appear in each three measuring points. After 200 seconds, exhaust

gas temperature went down under 200℃. So nuclei mode particles appeared before DPF and after oxidation catalyst also. In less than 200℃, the oxidation catalyst was not active enough to oxidize nuclei mode particles. Slide 18 shows typical behavior of fine particles under DPF in the FTP transient driving condition. At 50 seconds after FTP mode started, the temperature of exhaust system was not still high enough. Nuclei mode particles appeared in each measuring point. After 90 seconds, under the same engine speed and load pattern condition, the temperature of exhaust system increased

more than 200℃. Nuclei mode particle disappeared after oxidation catalyst, because nuclei mode particles were oxidized. After DPF, the particle number decreased to 1/100 of before DPF. However, in this case the particle number concentration was still higher than background particle number concentration.

Conclusions Particle size distributions measured by SMPS under dilution conditions by thermodiluter showed good repeatability. The particle size distributions with dilution by thermodiluter kept almost the same form as those without dilution by thermodiluter. The particle loss by dilution may be able to be compensated by calculation. The transient real-time particle size distribution behaviors were measured by DMS500. An oxidation catalyst in CRT reduced nuclei mode

particles in the condition of more than 200℃ exhaust gas temperature but did not reduce them in less than 200℃. The particle number concentrations reduced to about 1/100 by DPF.

「排ガス・大気浄化技術の開発動向」講習会

2003年5月9日

ディーゼル車から排出される粒子状物質の低減対策と計測法 1

　　National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 7th ETH Conference on Combustion Generated Particles

Zurich, 18-20 Aug. 2003

Dilution Process of Fine Dilution Process of Fine Particles by means of Particles by means of

ThermodiluterThermodiluter

National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Japan

Environment Research Department

Yuichi GOTO, Terunao KAWAI


Zurich, 18-20 Aug. 2003

1. Introduction

2. Dilution Process by Thermodiluter

3. Effect of Oxidation Catalyst in CRT

　on Nano Particles

4. Conclusions

ContentsContents


2003年5月9日



Zurich, 18-20 Aug. 2003

1. 1. IntroductionIntroduction

●●BackgroundBackground

GRPE/PMP Activities (Sampling)GRPE/PMP Activities (Sampling)

Reduction Effect for Nano Particles by Reduction Effect for Nano Particles by DPF (CRT)DPF (CRT)

●● ObjectivesObjectives

・・Verification for ThermodiluterVerification for Thermodiluter

・・Influence of Oxidation Catalyst in Influence of Oxidation Catalyst in CRT on Nano ParticlesCRT on Nano Particles


Zurich, 18-20 Aug. 2003

2. 2. Dilution Process Dilution Process by Thermodiluterby Thermodiluter


2003年5月9日



Zurich, 18-20 Aug. 2003

ＣＡＳＴ SMPS

ＣＡＳＴDisk

DiluterSMPS

Experiment Setup for Dilution Process by Experiment Setup for Dilution Process by Thermodiluter (Disk Diluter)Thermodiluter (Disk Diluter)

((a)a)

((b)b)


Zurich, 18-20 Aug. 2003

1：15 ... 1：300 ( 10 cavities on disk, Fd=0.5 ... 1.5 l/min)　　

1：150 ... 1：3000 ( 2 cavities on disk, Fd=0.5 ... 1.5 l/min)　

Fd > 1.5 l/min, see Fig.1

Ｉｎｐｕｔ　ｇａｓ　ｆｌｏｗ　Ｆｕ appr. 1 l/min

Ａｄｍｉｓｓｉｂｌｅ　ｏｕｔｐｕｔ　ｇａｓ　ｆｌｏｗ　0.5 ... 5 l/min

Ａｃｃｕｒａｃｙ ±10%

Ｒｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ Output number concentration < 1 part./cm3 at dilution setting 0 %Ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ dilution of aerosols and gases

　　ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅ　ｓｉｚｅ　ｒａｎｇｅ 10 ... 1000 nm

　　ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ 0 ... 200 ℃

　　ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌ　ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ +150/-100 mbar between measurement channel and ambient air

Adjustments temperature of dilution block and dilution air on

rotating switch between

ＯＦＦ / ８０ / １２０ / １５０ ℃

Ｈｅａｔｉｎｇ

Ｎｏｍｉｎａｌ　ｄｉｌｕｔｉｏｎ　ｒａｎｇｅｓ

Ａｅｒｏｓｏｌ Soot particles generated in C3H8-diffusion flame (propane)

　Eｌｅｍｅｎｔａｌｃａｒｂｏｎ（ＥＣ）ｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎ Particles diameter 30 nm: 75 or 97%, 100 nm: 97%, 200 nm: 99%

ＥＣｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎＩｎｐｒｅｄｉｌｕｔｅｄｔｅｓｔ Particles diameter 30 nm: appr. 4mg/m3

Aｅｒｏｓｏｌｆｒｏｍｂｕｒｎｅｒ Particles diameter 100 nm: appr. 60mg/m3

Particles diameter 200 nm: appr. 350mg/m3

　Sｉｚｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ monomodal, bimodal

　Mｅａｎｄｉａｍｅｔｅｒ sevsral mean mobility diameters from 30 to 200 nm on choice

　Cｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍａｄｊｕｓｔ．ｄｉｌｕｔｅｒ up to 107 part./cm3 on test aerosol output　Aｃｃｕｒａｃｙ 10% for number concentration from adjustable diluter

5% for number concentration for ptediluted test aerosol

5% of selected mean size +/- 3nm

　Rｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｉｂｉｌｉｔｙ ±5 %

　Aｅｒｏｓｏｌｆｌｏｗｆｒｏｍｄｉｌｕｔｅｒ 0,2 ... 4l/min = flow sucked by sensor(s) under test

　Dｉｌｕｔｉｏｎａｉｒ 0 ... 30l/min for additional external dilution

Ｇａｓ-ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ C3H8(propane), purity 99.95%; N2, purity 99.999%

dry compressed air, oil-and particle filter inside CAST

Specifications of Specifications of Measurement EquipmentsMeasurement Equipments

CASTCAST

Disk DiluterDisk Diluter


2003年5月9日



Zurich, 18-20 Aug. 2003

Dilution air temperature 120 degree

1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.0E+04

1.0E+05

1.0E+06

1.0E+07

10.4

12.9 16

19.8

24.6

30.5

37.9 47

58.3

72.3

89.8

111

138

172

213

264

328

Particle size (nm)

#/cm

3[dN

/dl

og(

Dp)

]

MP4 original

Dilution ratio 17.5

Dilution ratio 35.0

Dilution ratio 86.9

Dilution ratio 175.3


1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.0E+04

1.0E+05

1.0E+06

1.0E+07

10.4

12.9 16

19.8

24.6

30.5

37.9 47

58.3

72.3

89.8

111

138

172

213

264

328

Particle size (nm)

#/cm

3[dN

/dl

og(

Dp)

]

MP4 original

Dilution ratio 17.4

Dilution ratio 35.0

Dilution ratio 86.8



1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.0E+04

1.0E+05

1.0E+06

1.0E+07

10.4

12.9 16

19.8

24.6

30.5

37.9 47

58.3

72.3

89.8

111

138

172

213

264

328

Particle size (nm)

#/cm

3[dN

/dl

og(

Dp)

]

MP4 Original

Dilution ratio 17.5

Dilution ratio 35.0

Dilution ratio 86.6



1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.0E+04

1.0E+05

1.0E+06

1.0E+07

10.4

12.9 16

19.8

24.6

30.5

37.9 47

58.3

72.3

89.8

111

138

172

213

264

328

Particle size (nm)#/cm

3[dN

/dl

og(D

p)]

MP4 original

Dilution ratio 17.5

Dilution ratio 35.0

Dilution ratio 86.5


Influence of Dilution Ratio and Temperature Influence of Dilution Ratio and Temperature on Monomodal Distribution(MP4)on Monomodal Distribution(MP4)


Zurich, 18-20 Aug. 2003


1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.0E+04

1.0E+05

1.0E+06

1.0E+07

10.4

12.9 16

19.8

24.6

30.5

37.9 47

58.3

72.3

89.8

111

138

172

213

264

328

Particle size (nm)

#/cm

3[dN

/dl

og(

Dp)

]

Bimoda original


Dilution ratio 87.8

Dilution ratio 35.0

Dilution ratio 17.5


1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.0E+04

1.0E+05

1.0E+06

1.0E+07

10.4

12.9 16

19.8

24.6

30.5

37.9 47

58.3

72.3

89.8

111

138

172

213

264

328

Particle size (nm)

#/cm

3[dN

/dlo

g(D

p)]

Bimodal original

Dilution ratio 17.5

Dilution ratio 35.0

Dilution ratio 87.0


Dilution air temperateure 120 degree

1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.0E+04

1.0E+05

1.0E+06

1.0E+07

10.4

12.9 16

19.8

24.6

30.5

37.9 47

58.3

72.3

89.8

111

138

172

213

264

328

Particle size (nm)

#/cm

3[dN

/dlo

g(D

p)]

Bimodal original

Dilution ratio 17.5

Dilution ratio 35.0

Dilution ratio 86.3



1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.0E+04

1.0E+05

1.0E+06

1.0E+07

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49

Particle size (nm)

#/cm

3[dN

/dlo

g(D

p)]

Bimodal original

Dilution ratio 19.0

Dilution ratio 35.0

Dilution ratio 86.2


Influence of Dilution Ratio and Temperature Influence of Dilution Ratio and Temperature on Bimodal Distributionon Bimodal Distribution


2003年5月9日



Zurich, 18-20 Aug. 2003

3.

Effect of Oxidation Catalyst in CRT

on Nano Particles


Zurich, 18-20 Aug. 2003

Specification of Test EngineSpecification of Test EngineEmission RegulationEmission Regulation

Combustion SystemCombustion System

Engine TypeEngine Type

Bore / Stroke (mm)Bore / Stroke (mm)

Rated Power (Rated Power (ｋｋW/rpm)W/rpm)

Max. TorqueMax. Torque　　(Nm/rpm)(Nm/rpm)

Displacement (cmDisplacement (cm33))

1998 1998 Japan DomesticJapan Domestic

Direct InjectionDirect Injection

IntercoolerIntercooler--turboturbo

114 / 130114 / 130

191 / 2700191 / 2700

745 / 1600745 / 1600

7,9617,961

Continuously Continuously Regenerating TrapRegenerating TrapRegeneration SystemRegeneration System

HoneycombHoneycombFilter TypeFilter Type

Test DPF(CRT) SpecificationTest DPF(CRT) Specification


2003年5月9日



Zurich, 18-20 Aug. 2003

Properties of Test FuelProperties of Test Fuel

0.82670.82673.0413.041

7171193.5193.5260.0260.0314.0314.0357.5357.553.153.1

--4545

--464645,89045,890

0.010.01

Density Density (5(5℃℃ g/cmg/cm33))

Kinematic Viscosity Kinematic Viscosity (mm(mm22/s/s　　@30@30℃℃))

Flash PointFlash Point　　PMPM　　((℃℃))

TT1010

TT5050

TT9090

FBPFBPCetane IndexCetane Index

Sulfur Content Sulfur Content (ppm)(ppm)

Pour Point Pour Point ((℃℃))

Residual Carbon Residual Carbon (mass% of residue 10%)(mass% of residue 10%)

C.F.P.P. C.F.P.P. ((℃℃))

Total Heating Value Total Heating Value (J/g)(J/g)

DistillationDistillationProfileProfile((℃℃))

3535


Zurich, 18-20 Aug. 2003

Ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔ　ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅ Aerosol electrometry

Ｓｉｚｅ　ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ Electrical mobility classification

Ｃｈａｒｇｉｎｇ Unipolar Diffusion

Ｓａｍｐｌｅ　ｃｈａｎｎｅｌｓ 1

Ｔｉｍｅ　ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ 10-90% < 400ms

Ｉｎｓｔｒｕｍｅｎｔ　ｓｉｚｅ（ｍｍ） h=940, w=350, d=520 + pump

Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃａｌ　Ｓｕｐｐｌｙ 100-115/220-240V AC

Ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅ　ｓｉｚｅ　ｒａｎｇｅ 5nm to 1000nm

Ｏｕｔｐｕｔ　ｓｐｅｃｔｒｕｍ　ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓ 16 / decade

Ｓｉｚｅ　ｒｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ 0.15 to 0.25 decade

Ｍａｘ　ｄａｔａ　ｌｏｇｇｉｎｇ　ｒａｔｅ 10 samples / s

Ａｎａｌｏｇｕｅ　ｏｕｔｐｕｔｓ 4(software configurable) 0-10V 47Ω

Ａｕｘｉｌｉａｒｙ　ａｎａｌｏｇｕｅ　ｉｎｐｕｔｓ

　　　（ｌｏｇｇｅｄ　ｗｉｔｈ　ＤＭＳ５００　ｄａｔａ） 4; -10 to +10V

Fast Particle Sizer (DMS500)Fast Particle Sizer (DMS500)　　SpecificationsSpecifications


2003年5月9日



Zurich, 18-20 Aug. 2003

Test ConditionsTest Conditions

1.1. Steady State ConditionSteady State Condition1620rpm, 460Nm(Middle)→Idling

2. Transient Condition2. Transient ConditionFTP Mode


Zurich, 18-20 Aug. 2003

Dynamometer

ＤＭＳ５００

Engine

Dilution tunnel

Diluter

Oxidation catalystFilter

Temp. before oxidation catalystTemp. after filter

Pump

View directionView direction

Experimental ApparatusExperimental Apparatusfor for Oxidation Catalyst in DPF(CRT )

CRTCRT


2003年5月9日



Zurich, 18-20 Aug. 2003

Inlet of DPF (CRT)Inlet of DPF (CRT) Outlet of DPF (CRT)Outlet of DPF (CRT)

After the Oxidation Catalyst After the Oxidation Catalyst in DPF (CRT)in DPF (CRT)

Oxidation catalyst Filter

Behavior of fine particles in DPF(CRT) Behavior of fine particles in DPF(CRT) due to exhaust gas temperature change due to exhaust gas temperature change

during during steady statesteady state condition (idling)condition (idling)

DPF(CRT)DPF(CRT)


Zurich, 18-20 Aug. 2003

3 6 10 18 32 56 100

178

316

562

1000

0.04.0

8.012.0

16.020.0

24.0

0.E+00

1.E+07

2.E+07

3.E+07

4.E+07

5.E+07

6.E+07

7.E+07

8.E+07

dN/dlogDp/cc

Particle Diameter nm

Time (s)

Inlet of DPF

Play Speed

Play

5x

3 6 10 18 32 56 100

178

316

562

1000

0.04.0

8.012.0

16.020.0

24.0

0.E+00

1.E+07

2.E+07

3.E+07

4.E+07

5.E+07

6.E+07

7.E+07

8.E+07

dN/dlogDp/cc


Time (s)

After Oxidation catalyst of DPF

Play Speed

Play

5x

3 6 10 18 32 56 100

178

316

562

1000

15.019.0

23.027.0

31.035.0

39.0

0.E+00

1.E+07

2.E+07

3.E+07

4.E+07

5.E+07

6.E+07

7.E+07

8.E+07

dN/dlogDp/cc


Time (s)

Outlet of DPF

Play Speed

Play

5x

3 6 10 18 32 56 100

178

316

562

1000

173.0177.0

181.0185.0

189.0193.0

197.0

0.E+00

1.E+07

2.E+07

3.E+07

4.E+07

5.E+07

6.E+07

7.E+07

8.E+07

dN/dlogDp/cc


Time (s)

After Oxidation catalyst of DPF

Play Speed

Play

5x

3 6 10 18 32 56 100

178

316

562

1000

179.0183.0

187.0191.0

195.0199.0

203.0

0.E+00

1.E+07

2.E+07

3.E+07

4.E+07

5.E+07

6.E+07

7.E+07

8.E+07

dN/dlogDp/cc


Time (s)

Inlet of DPF

Play Speed

Play

5x

3 6 10 18 32 56 100

178

316

562

1000

180.0184.0

188.0192.0

196.0200.0

204.0

0.E+00

1.E+07

2.E+07

3.E+07

4.E+07

5.E+07

6.E+07

7.E+07

8.E+07

dN/dlogDp/cc


Time (s)

Outlet of DPF

Play Speed

Play

5x

After 200 secAfter 200 sec

Cat. Inlet temp.Cat. Inlet temp.≒≒ 200 200 ℃℃

Cat. Inlet temp. Cat. Inlet temp. ≒≒ 200 200 ℃℃

Cat. Inlet temp. Cat. Inlet temp. ＞＞200 200 ℃℃


Cat. Inlet temp. Cat. Inlet temp. ≒≒ 200 200 ℃℃


Steady state emissionSteady state emission（（Idle) behavior of fine particles in DPF(CRT)Idle) behavior of fine particles in DPF(CRT)


2003年5月9日



Zurich, 18-20 Aug. 2003

Inlet of DPF (CRT)Inlet of DPF (CRT) Outlet of DPF (CRT)Outlet of DPF (CRT)

After the Oxidation Catalyst After the Oxidation Catalyst in DPF (CRT)in DPF (CRT)

Oxidation catalyst Filter

Transient Transient emission behavior of fine particles emission behavior of fine particles in DPF(CRT)in DPF(CRT)

DPF(CRT)DPF(CRT)


Zurich, 18-20 Aug. 2003

3 6 10 18 32 56 100

178

316

562

1000

928.0932.0

936.0940.0

944.0948.0

952.0

0.00E+00

1.00E+07

2.00E+07

3.00E+07

4.00E+07

5.00E+07

6.00E+07

7.00E+07

8.00E+07

9.00E+07

1.00E+08

1.10E+08

1.20E+08

dN/dlogDp/cc


Time (s)

Inlet of DPF

Play Speed

Play

5x

3 6 10 18 32 56 100

178

316

562

1000

929.0933.0

937.0941.0

945.0949.0

953.0

0.0E+00

1.0E+07

2.0E+07

3.0E+07

4.0E+07

5.0E+07

6.0E+07

7.0E+07

8.0E+07

9.0E+07

1.0E+08

1.1E+08

1.2E+08

dN/dlogDp/cc


Time (s)

After Oxidation Catalyst of DPF

Play Speed

Play

5x

3 6 10 18 32 56 100

178

316

562

1000

927.0931.0

935.0939.0

943.0947.0

951.0

0.0E+00

1.0E+05

2.0E+05

3.0E+05

4.0E+05

5.0E+05

6.0E+05

7.0E+05

8.0E+05

9.0E+05

1.0E+06

1.1E+06

1.2E+06

dN/dlogDp/cc


Time (s)

Outlet of DPF

Play Speed

Play

5x

3 6 10 18 32 56 100

178

316

562

1000

26.030.0

34.038.0

42.046.0

50.0

0.00E+00

1.00E+07

2.00E+07

3.00E+07

4.00E+07

5.00E+07

6.00E+07

7.00E+07

8.00E+07

9.00E+07

1.00E+08

1.10E+08

1.20E+08

dN/dlogDp/cc


Time (s)

Inlet of DPF

Play Speed

Play

5x

3 6 10 18 32 56 100

178

316

562

1000

27.031.0

35.039.0

43.047.0

51.0

0.0E+00

1.0E+07

2.0E+07

3.0E+07

4.0E+07

5.0E+07

6.0E+07

7.0E+07

8.0E+07

9.0E+07

1.0E+08

1.1E+08

1.2E+08

dN/dlogDp/cc


Time (s)

After Oxidation Catalyst of DPF

Play Speed

Play

5x

3 6 10 18 32 56 100

178

316

562

1000

27.031.0

35.039.0

43.047.0

51.0

0.0E+00

1.0E+05

2.0E+05

3.0E+05

4.0E+05

5.0E+05

6.0E+05

7.0E+05

8.0E+05

9.0E+05

1.0E+06

1.1E+06

1.2E+06

dN/dlogDp/cc


Time (s)

Outlet of DPF

Play Speed

Play

5x

Transient emissionTransient emission（（FTP) behavior of fine particles in DPF(CRT)FTP) behavior of fine particles in DPF(CRT)

Cat. Inlet temp. < 200 Cat. Inlet temp. < 200 ℃℃ Cat. Inlet temp. > 200 Cat. Inlet temp. > 200 ℃℃

101088 101088

101066 101066

After 900 sec,After 900 sec,the same patternthe same patternin one FTP modein one FTP mode

5050ss 950950ss


2003年5月9日



Zurich, 18-20 Aug. 2003

4. 4. ConclusionsConclusions(1)(1)Dilution by Thermodiluter (Disk diluter)Dilution by Thermodiluter (Disk diluter)

・Good Repeatability

・Conservation of Size Distribution pattern

・Possibility of Particle Loss compensation

(2)Influence of Oxidation Catalyst in CRT on Nano (2)Influence of Oxidation Catalyst in CRT on Nano Particles (Number base)Particles (Number base)

・Reduction of Nuclei Mode Particles by OC (>200℃）

・No Reduction of Nuclei Mode Particles by OC (<200℃）

・1/100 Reduction of Particle number concentration by DPF

Documents

Dilution process of fine particles by means of thermodilution · 2017-07-18 · Dilution process of fine particles by means of thermodilution Yuichi GOTO, Terunao KAWAI National Traffic