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Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
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Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
The Digital Opportunity Index (DOI)
Michael MingesSenior Market Analyst
Telecommunications Management Group, Inc.
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
Contents
• History• What is digital opportunity?• ICT Indexes: Problems & solutions• About DOI• Results• DOI and wealth, etc.• Extending DOI
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
History• “In cooperation with each country
concerned, develop and launch a composite ICT Development (Digital Opportunity) Index.”— WSIS I, Geneva, Plan of Action, December 2003
• “We also note the launch of the … Digital Opportunity Index, which will build upon the common set of core ICT indicators as they were defined within the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development.”—WSIS II, Tunis, Agenda for the Information Society, November 2005
• December 2003, Geneva– Digital Access Index launched at
WSIS I• September 2004, Busan, Korea
– Review of existing ICT Indexes• June 2005, Seoul, Korea
– Prototype Digital Opportunity Index (DOI) discussed
• November 2005, Tunis– DOI launched at WSIS II with 40
countries• May 2006
– Full DOI launched
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
What is digital opportunity?
• The whole population having easy access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) at affordable prices;
• All homes equipped with ICT devices; • All citizens having mobile ICT devices; and• Everyone using broadband.
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
Problems with existing indexes
• Subjective• Exclusive • Poor choice of indicators• Confusing methodology• Limited analysis over time
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
DOI advantages
• Objective - Only statistical indicators• Inclusive – 180 economies covered• Standard indicators - “Partnership” core
ICT indicators• Straightforward methodology - UNDP HDI
oriented, favorable to developing countries • Time series – 2000-2005
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
DOI structurePercentage of population covered by mobile cellular telephony
Internet access tariffs as a percentage of per capita income
Mobile cellular tariffs as a percentage of per capita income
Proportion of households with a fixed line telephone
Proportion of households with a computer
Proportion of households with Internet access at home
Mobile cellular subscribers per 100 inhabitants
Mobile Internet subscribers per 100 inhabitants
Proportion of individuals that used the Internet
Ratio of fixed broadband subscribers to total Internet subscribers
Ratio of mobile broadband subscribers to total mobile subscribers
Infrastructure
Opportunity
DIG
ITAL
OP
PO
RTU
NITY
IND
EX
Utilization
Indicators are averaged within categories, categories are averaged to get DOI.
Índice de Oportunidades Digitales (IOD), Colombia, 2004 Cobertura móvil (% populación) 80
Oportunidad(0.87)
Tarifa Internet (% PIB por habitante) 12.3
Tarifa móvil (% PIB por habitante) 5.5
Hogares con teléfono fijo (%) 51.013.0 Infraestructura
(0.24)
Hogares con computadora (%)
Abonados móvil por 100 habitantes 47.5 0.40Hogares con acceso Internet (%) 8.0
0.4Abonados Internet móvil por 100 habitantes
Usuarios Internet (% populación) 9.8Uso (0.10)Abonados banda ancha / Todos abonados Internet 19.0
Abonados móvil 3G / Todos abonados móvil 0
Note: Los categorías son iguales al promedio de cada indicador; el IOD es igual al promedio de los categorías. Fuente: TMG, Inc, adaptado de metodología del UIT.
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
Only fixedOnly mobile
Both mobile &
fixed
Percentage of population covered by mobile cellular telephony
Mobile cellular tariffs as a percentage of per capita
income
Mobile cellular subscribers per 100
inhabitants
(Mobile) Internet subscribers per 100
inhabitantsProportion of individuals
with Internet-enabled phone
Ratio of Broadband mobile subscribers to
mobile subscribers
Proportion of individuals that used the Internet
Internet access tariffs as a percentage of per
capita income
Proportion of households with a fixed line
telephone
Proportion of households with a computer
Proportion of households with Internet access at
home
Ratio of Broadband Internet subscribers to
Internet subscribers
Individual-mobile Household-fixed
Distance / time from fixed line
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
Internet Users in Japan 2004
Source: “Communications Usage Trend Survey in 2004 Compiled”, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (Japan).
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
Mobile coverage% population covered by mobile signal
450 MHz
2100 MHz950 MHz
12 km
27 km
49 km
Source: GrameenPhone, International 450 Association.
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
TariffsInternet & mobile baskets
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1998 2000 2002 20040.0%
0.2%
0.4%
0.6%
0.8%
1.0%
1.2%
As % of per capitaincomeSwisscom
Orange
Sunrise
minutes To Fixed
On-net
Off-net
TOTAL
Peak 6.38 5.32 2.39 14.1
Off-peak
5.88 4.90 2.21 12.0
Weekend
4.54 3.78 1.70 10.0
Calls 25
SMS 30
OECD low user monthly mobile basket
OECD low user mobile basket, per month, national currency
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
Household ICTs
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Fixed lineComputerInternet
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1997
1999
2001
2003
IcelandSingaporeCanadaSloveniaArgentinaChileBrazilChina
% of households with, 2005:
Sou
rce:
Hag
stof
a Ís
land
s .
% of households with Internet access:
Source: TM
G, Inc. .
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
Mobile Internet
100.0%
95.5%
73.2%
13.5%
12.2%
0.4%
0.2%
Receivingcalls
Makingcalls
SMS
MMS
Downloadtones, etc.
NavigateInternet
E-mail 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2001 2002 2003 20040%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
WAP subscribers (000s)% Internet subscribers% Mobile subscribers
% of mobile users, 2005
Sou
rce:
AN
RT.
Source: O
SIP
TEL.
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
Broadband
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Jan-
04
Mar
-04
May
-04
Jul-0
4
Sep
-04
Nov
-04
Jan-
05
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
1G
2G
2.5G3G
Permanent Internet connections as % of all subscriptions
Sou
rce:
Nat
iona
l Sta
tistic
s.
Mobile subscribers, 000s
Source: A
dapted from S
KT, K
TF, LGT.
3G as % of total
Colombia y IOD
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0
2000 2002 2004
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0
Kor
eaC
hile
Arg
entin
aM
exic
oU
rugu
ayB
razi
lC
osta
Ric
aV
enez
uela
Per
uP
anam
aC
olom
bia
El S
alv.
Ecu
ador
Gua
tem
ala
Bol
ivia
Par
agua
yH
ondu
ras
Nic
arag
ua
Colombia, IOD IOD, 2004
Fuente: CRT, DANE y estimaciones (Colombia), UIT (otros países).
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
DOI, 2005
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Opportunity Infrastructure Utilization World Average
Low Medium Upper High
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
RankingsTop & bottom ten
Why Korea is number 1Indicator World rankMobile coverage 1 (with 38
countries)
Mobile affordability 1 (with 33 countries)
Internet affordability 1 (with 27 countries)
Household fixed lines 18
Household PC 4
Household Internet 3
Mobile density 36
Mobile Internet density 2
Internet user density 2
Broadband ratio 1
3G ratio 1
1 Korea (Rep.) 0.79
2 Japan 0.71
3 Denmark 0.71
4 Iceland 0.69
5 Hong Kong 0.69
6 Sweden 0.69
7 UK 0.67
8 Norway 0.67
9 Netherlands 0.66
10 Taiwan-China 0.66
171 Solomon Is. 0.09
172 Sierra Leone 0.09
173 Ethiopia 0.09
174 Malawi 0.08
175 Rwanda 0.08
176 Myanmar 0.04
177 Guinea Bissau 0.04
178 Eritrea 0.03
179 Niger 0.02
180 Chad 0.01
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
Mobile DOI
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0
Cana
da
Icel
and
Unite
d St
ates
Switz
erla
nd
Hong
Kon
g
Japa
n
Kore
a (R
ep.)
Lith
uani
a
Bahr
ain
Braz
il
Czec
h Re
publ
ic
Philip
pine
s
Sout
h Af
rica
Bang
lade
sh
Cam
bodi
a
Burk
ina
Faso
Keny
a
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
Fixed DOIMobile DOIMobile Contribution to DOI
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
DOI & GDP
R2 = 0.8753
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
$0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000
DO
I
GDP per capita, US$
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
DOI & human Development
R2 = 0.8457
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
Human Development Index, 2005
Dig
ital O
ppor
tuni
ty In
dex,
200
4
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
DOI & regulation
R2 = 0.6394-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12200 250 300 350 400
Source: Jones D
ay / EC
TA, 2004 R
egulatory Telecomm
unications S
corecard, http://ww
w.jonesday.com
/pubs/pubs_detail.aspx?pubID=S
1187 C
hang
e in
DO
I ran
k, 2
002-
2004
Regulatory Scorecard Results, 2003
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
Other DOI permutations
• Gender (Czech Republic)• Within a country (Brazil)
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
Extending DOI
Denmark
Sweden (-1)
UK (+1)
Netherlands
Germany (-4)Belgium
Spain (-1)
Italy (+1)
Ireland (+4)
DOI e-business
Education RegulationKnowledge
(e.g., UNDP Education sub index)
Regulatory(e.g., EU Regulatory Scorecard)
E-Business(e.g., EC The e-business
readiness composite indicator)
DOI
+
+
+
E-Government(e.g., UN e-government index)
Digital Transformations in the Information Society, ITU, Geneva, 1-2 June 2006
Thank you