Physiology and the Circulatory System

Key Concepts:Part 1: Know how to measure blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. Concepts to understand include:

your heart rate changes with your body position – for example, your heart rate increases as you change from a reclining to a standing position

your heart rate increases when you exercise

a blood pressure reading consists of 2 numbers: a systolic pressure and a diastolic pressure – normal blood pressure for a healthy adult is about 120/80 (numerator is systolic pressure and denominator is diastolic pressure)

In the Lab:Part 2: Evaluate the Q10 value in water fleas (Daphnia).

All animals generate heat in metabolism. Water fleas are ectotherms, meaning they get their heat form the environment.

Ectotherms regulate their body temperature behaviorally (too hot = move to shade)

determine whether an organism is an endotherm or an ectotherm by measuring change in pulse rate as temperature changes

Know the concept of Q10 – measures the increase in metabolic activity resulting from increase in body temperature.

o Because Daphnia can adjust their temperature to the environment, as the temperature in the environment increases, their body temperature also increases – WHICH IN TERN INCREASES THEIR HEARTBEAT RATE PER MINUTE.

o The Q10 was measured for water fleas at various temps:

Conclusions:

The Essay:In mammals, heart rate during periods of exercise is linked to the intensity of exercise.

a. Discuss the interactions of the respiratory, circulatory, and nervous systems during exercise.b. Design a controlled experiment to determine the relationship between intensity of exercise and heart rate.c. On the axes provided below, indicate results you expect for both the control and the experimental groups for the

controlled experiment you described in part B. Remember to label the axes.

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(A) EXPLANATION OF SYSTEM INTERACTIONS - 4 possible points Possible Points1

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(B) DESIGN OF CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT – 4possible points Possible Points1. hypothesis statement/prediction of results2. correctly describe the concept of “control group” (baseline, resting)3. specify matched subjects (age, sex, fitness, twins, etc.)4. describe parameters of exercise protocol5. describe how heart rate will be measured (pulse, EKG, etc)6. specify all other conditions stay the same (only 1 independent variable)7. large sample size, repetition (reliability of results)

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(C) GRAPH – 3possible points Possible Points1. axes labeled with continuous scalar values and correct unit2. independent variable on x-axis, dependent variable on y-axis3. plots indicate correct relationship between control and experimental group

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