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difference between public and private schools in pakistan
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1 The difference of government and private education sector
INTRODUCTION
Research is defined as human activity based on intellectual application in the investigation of
matter. This research provides scientific information and theories for the explanation of the
nature and the properties of the world around us. Research process is the ordered set of
activities focused on the systematic collection of information using accepted methods of analysis
as a basis for drawing conclusions and making recommendations. The research conducted by us
constitutes of the things mentioned and we are following the research process steps for our topic.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research, (Retrieved on 23/12/08)
RESEARCH PROCESS
2 The difference of government and private education sector
Brainstorm possible ideas
RESEARCH TOPIC
Gather background information on your topic
List keyword to define your topic
1. Identify the research topic
The topic of our research is the “The difference of government and private education sector “
Purpose of the research
The purpose is to identify the issues and problems faced by the students studying in government
schools. The reforms government is taking to improve the standards for education and what
measures are needed to improve the system.
Universe of the Research
The universe for this research is Lahore and the resources used are secondary resources.
Review assignment
requirements
3 The difference of government and private education sector
Importance of research problem
Education plays a very important role in growth and progress this increasingly competitive and
globalize world. In the developing countries like Pakistan there is a great need to improve the
education system for growth and development. Education is important in not only grooming the
person but it is very important in building up confidence and self esteem among the people. And
to create awareness among the people to know their roles and rights in the society in the society.
Evidences from the developing countries shows that education is becoming one of the most
effective tools used to empower women and create tolerance within the society.
The education sector of Punjab has a very significant impact on the overall economy of Pakistan.
The literacy rate of the Punjab is much higher if we compare it with other provinces. Ita literacy
rate is more than 50%. According to education census there are 227791 out of which 48% are
situated in Punjab. The government of Punjab is always one step ahead of the other provinces in
education sector and has introduced so many educational reforms but the condition of the
education sector is still very backward if we compare it with the world.
http://www.interface.edu.pk/students/Jan-08/Education-2007.asp (Retrieved on 23/12/08)
Problems in government sector
Ethical Issues.
Differentiation in Education Standards.
Non availability of books.
Security Issues.
4 The difference of government and private education sector
Teachers are not co-operative.
Campus less schools.
Nepotism.
Paper conducting is not satisfactory.
Not practical education.
Limited syllabus.
Discrimination in paper checking.
Invigilators are not honest.
No incentives to teachers.
No financial aid to deserving students.
Insufficient scholarships to intelligent students.
No dress code checking in schools.
Technology deficient institutes.
Not well equipped institutes.
Higher enrollment in classes
No IQ tests
Pick and drop problems.
5 The difference of government and private education sector
Conservative environment.
Less content covered from the syllabus.
No team work.
Child labor
Favoritism
Student abuse
There are lesser libraries in the region
Plagiarism
Hygienic issues
Improper utilization of potentials
Mismanagement
Insufficient allocation of budget
Missing Facilities and Lack of Infrastructure
6 The difference of government and private education sector
Type No.
Shelter less Schools 3,572
Dangerous Building Schools 4,264
Schools without Drinking water 13,925
Schools without Boundary Walls 19,748
Schools without Toilets 21,636
Schools requiring furniture 18,515
Other miscellaneous shortages
Total cost of missing facilities Rs. 24,365 m
http://www.interface.edu.pk/students/Jan-08/Education-2007.asp (Retrieved on 23/12/08)
Objectives of Research
The research conducted is both qualitative and quantitative. The objective of this research is to
find the issues and problems that exist with this sector and why do theses problems prevail, what
are the measures being taken for the improvement and what are the goals, where do we stand
today in our education sector and what is the future vision.
MAIN BODY
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
We searched for various articles in newspaper and websites related to our topic. The relevant
topics are following:
7 The difference of government and private education sector
Article # 1:
Role of private schools
This refers to an article on these pages by Babar Sattar titled “Stifling education” (Nov 22)
where he speaks of the predicament of private schools. Private schools are making
commendable contributions in promoting quality education in Pakistan especially since we
have a very low literacy rate and the government has limited resources to provide education
to all those who need it. In the existing state of affairs, provision of education by private
institutions is seriously threatened. For instance, in the cantonment areas it is mandatory to
get an NOC from station headquarters. However, the NOC has no legal status as its validity
is not accepted by courts.
In municipal areas as well there is no clear-cut policy on existing schools or on opening new
ones. Any old or new school can be challenged in a law court. As for the traffic nuisance, a
precedent has been set by the judgement of Lahore High Court which ordered closure of
schools in Lahore. However, if the LHC order is followed in letter and spirit then
approximately 90 per cent private schools as well as government schools located in
residential areas should be closed.No one is denying the fact that citizens have a right to live
in peaceful residential areas and above-stated problems can be overcome by efficient and
careful traffic management. The answer does not lie in closing a school down. I urge
members of parliament and the government to formulate a clear policy on this, one that
unambiguously supports the private sector.
8 The difference of government and private education sector
(Nasrin Tariq,2008, http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=151079 )
Article # 2:
Private vs. Public Schools: What's the Difference?
Cost Public schools cannot charge tuition. They are funded through federal, state and
local taxes. When you pay your taxes, you are paying for your child's education and the
education of other children in your community.
Private schools cost money. Private schools do not receive tax revenues, but instead are
funded through tuition, fundraising, donations and private grants. According to the
National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS), the median tuition for their
member private day schools in 2005-2006 in the United States was close to $14,000 for
grades 1 to 3, $15,000 for grades 6 to 8 and $16,600 for grades 9 to 12. The median
tuition for their member boarding schools was close to $29,000 for grades 1 to 3,
$32,000 for grades 6 to 12. Note that of the 28,384 private schools in the United States,
about 1,058 are affiliated with NAIS. The Digest of Education Statistics 2005 from the
National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) reports that for the 1999-2000 school
year, the average private school tuition was about $4,700.
Parochial schools generally charge less. According to the National Catholic Educational
Association, in their annual statistical report in 2005-2006, the average elementary
school tuition for Catholic schools (in 2005) was $2,607; the average freshman tuition
(for 2002-2003) was $5,870. Catholic Schools enroll more students (49%) than any
9 The difference of government and private education sector
other segment of private schools.
Admissions Public schools admit all children. By law, public schools must educate all
children, including students with special needs. To enroll in a public school you simply
register your child by filling out the necessary paperwork.
Private schools are selective. They are not obligated to accept every child, and in many
private schools admission is very competitive.
Governance
Public schools must follow all federal, state and local laws in educating children. Such
laws usually include specifics about funding, program development and curriculum.
Private schools are not subject to as many state and federal regulations as public
schools. Since private schools are funded independently, they are not subject to the
limitations of state education budgets and have more freedom in designing curriculum
and instruction.
Curriculum Public schools offer a general program, designed for all children, which
usually includes math, English, reading, writing, science, history and physical
education. In addition to these key subjects, many public schools offer programs in
music and art. In a public school, the substance of what children learn is mandated by
the state and learning is measured through state standardized tests.
10 The difference of government and private education sector
NOTE: The charter school movement is picking up momentum in many states; these
schools are public, but many offer specialized programs and smaller classes.
Private schools have the flexibility to create a specialized program for students. For
example, private schools may use art or science in all classes, or take children on
extended outdoor trips that blend lessons across the curriculum. Private schools can
create their own curriculum and assessment systems, although many also choose to use
standardized tests.
Teachers Public schools: All teachers in a public school are usually state certified or,
at a minimum, working toward certification. Certification ensures that a teacher has
gone through the training required by the state, which includes student teaching and
coursework.
Private schools: Teachers in private schools may not be required to have certification,
and instead often have subject area expertise and an undergraduate or graduate degree in
the subject they teach.
Students Public schools: The children at most public schools usually reflect the
community. Students may be split up based on ability or interests, but in many public
schools, there is a diversity of student backgrounds.
NOTE: In many states, if you are not satisfied with your assigned school, you may be
able to send your child to another public school in the area. Start here to learn more
11 The difference of government and private education sector
information about these options.
Private schools: The student population at a private school is determined through a
selection process; all students must apply and be accepted in order to attend. Although
students may be from different neighborhoods, they will probably have similar goals
and interests. This tends to create a fairly homogenous student body.
Special Needs Public schools: Due to special education laws, public schools must
educate all children, and provide the necessary programs to meet their special needs.
This means that most public schools have special education programs and teachers who
are trained to work with students who have particular needs.
Private schools: Private schools do not have to accept children with special needs, and
many choose not to (although there are a small number of private schools specifically
designed for special needs children). As a result, most private schools do not have
special education programs or teachers trained to work with students with severe special
needs. Private schools will try to help all the students they admit, but extra resources
may also come at an additional cost.
Class Size Public schools: Many states recognize the value of small classes and have
provided funding to keep class sizes small in grades K-3. As students become older,
class size tends to get bigger in public schools, especially in large school districts and
urban schools.
Private schools: Private schools are generally committed to providing small classes and
12 The difference of government and private education sector
individual attention to students. Many parents choose private schools for this reason.
The Bottom Line There are a few fundamental differences between public and private
schools, but here's the bottom line: There are great private schools and there are great
public schools. The trick is finding the school that best fits your child's needs. You may
also want to consider public charter schools or homeschooling. It's a good idea to
research the schools that interest you and, to get a true picture of the school, visit in
person.
http://www.greatschools.net/cgi-bin/showarticle/197 (retrieved on 24/12/08)
Article # 3
Private and public schools lack playgrounds
Personality development of children but it is a bitter reality that the majority of private and
public schools lack playgrounds, which affects students’ physical and mental fitness.
The condition of public schools is somewhat better than private schools as
their campuses are built on a vast piece of land unlike private schools
operating in small buildings or even houses. There are some private schools
that offer playgrounds and sports which public schools cannot afford.
Sadly, indoor games are uncommon in schools owing to which students seldom find
opportunities to spare time for sports.
13 The difference of government and private education sector
By and large, there is a lack of playgrounds in the provincial metropolis which compels
children to play in streets or on roads. The paucity of play areas and fewer sports
opportunities encourage children to rely on computer games. The tendency to play computer
games among children has been on the rise over the years.
Academic circles believe that sports and games play a significant role in
character building. They say that students learn the significance of teamwork, commitment
to a job, sense of responsibility and a spirit of tolerance and forbearance by taking part in
sports.
They argue that one of the major reasons for students’ inclination to playing computer
games and internet surfing was a lack of sports facilities available to them. They are also
very critical of private schools, saying the commercialisation of education
had turned it from a divine mission into a business.
Faisal, a concerned citizen, said it was unfortunate that the majority of
private schools did not care about students’ basic needs but charged handsome fees. He said
private schools operated in one or two-room buildings, adding offering
playgrounds to students was a huge challenge for such schools. He said in the absence of
any sports-related activities, students were compelled to find alternatives.
Nasir, a government schoolteacher, said majority of government schools were housed in big
buildings and had playgrounds for students unlike private schools. “The
infrastructure of government schools, however, is going to waste as they do not organise
14 The difference of government and private education sector
sports activities on a regular basis,” he said. He said the condition of education institutions
for girls was even worse as they did not at all encourage students to participate in sports.
Another teacher said that at a time when most of public schools in the
province were without basic facilities, the issue of sports was not important. “For me the
provision of missing facilities such as electricity, toilets and boundary walls is more
important than providing students with playgrounds,” he remarked.
Commenting on the issue, Schools Education Department Secretary Nadeem Ashraf said
sports at school had been pushed into the background over the years. He said the
government was devising a strategy to promote sports at schools.
(Khalid Khattak,2008, http://livenreal.com/news/index.php/lahore-most-of-private-schools-
without-playgrounds)
Article # 4:
21 government schools in Lahore non-functional
AS many as 21 government schools in District Lahore have been non-functional for the last
many months, exposing lack of interest and commitment on part of officials concerned.
Sources in the Punjab School Education Department told The News that reports recently
submitted by Monitoring and Evaluation Assistants (MEAs) of the Chief Minister’s
Monitoring Force disclosed that there were dozens of non-functional schools in each district
15 The difference of government and private education sector
of the province.
The sources added most of these schools stopped functioning during previous regime
because of acute shortage of schoolteachers.
They said some single-teacher schools and shelter-less schools have also become non-
functional with the passage of time in different parts of the province.
They said in some cases, there were schools but interestingly there were no students. A
number of schools became non-functional after migration of locals from a particular area in
the wake of expanding residential societies, they added.
It is learnt that non-availability of buildings and illegal occupations were also the main
causes behind non-functional schools.
A senior official commenting over the issue said the government schools could never
become non-functional unless the officials concerned pay constant attention in connection
with the affairs of the school.
He further said shortage of teachers could be overcome by rationalising the number of
teachers working in schools of neighbouring areas, adding that it was responsibility of
EDOs to take timely action against the illegal occupants.
“The problems multiply when the concerned shut their eyes and not make efforts to solve
the problems,” he added.
The sources said that Secretary School Education Department, Nadeem Ashraf, while taking
16 The difference of government and private education sector
notice of the situation issued strict instructions to the Education EDOs across the province
to explain reasons for non-functioning of schools in their respective districts.
He had also directed the EDOs to make all-out efforts to make the non-functioning schools
functioning ones soon after the annual summer vacation, they added.
It is also learnt that the issue regarding non-functional schools would be taken up in meeting
of Secretary Schools with Education EDOs on 7 July.
An official from the office of Lahore Education EDO, seeking anonymity, said most of the
non-functional schools of the District Lahore were in the areas of Aziz Bhatti Town and
Wahga Town.
He said expanding residential societies were major factors behind the schools going non-
functional.
“In such cases, locals migrated to other areas owing to which schools are left without any
students,” he added.
When contacted, Secretary School Education Department, Nadeem Ashraf, confirmed that
the matter regarding non-functional schools would be taken up in the meeting scheduled for
July 7.
He said rationalisation of teaching staff in government schools was underway in order to
engage surplus staff in schools, which were facing acute shortage of teachers.
http://lahorenama.wordpress.com/2008/07/11/21-government-schools-in-lahore-non-
17 The difference of government and private education sector
functional (retrieved on 24/12/2008)
3. HYPOTHESIS CONSTRUCTION
Private sector of education is providing much better and required facilities than the
government sector. We have found this by the following observations:
Quality education
Punctuality
Better teaching system (Highly qualified and trained teachers)
Providing basic facilities
Better infrastructure
Latest technologies
Better enrolment system
Proper governance
4. RESEARCH DESIGN
Sampling method
The sampling method chosen for our research is non probability sampling. In non-
probability sampling method the elements of the population do not have any known and
equal chance of being chosen in the sample. We have chosen this method because it is used
to get the required information quickly and efficiently.
18 The difference of government and private education sector
5. DATA COLLECTION
Data are the basic input to any decision making process. The data collection techniques used
are both primary and secondary. The primary source is
Questionnaires
Group discussions
Survey
The secondary sources are
Internet
Newspapers
6. DATA ANALYSIS
From the data collection techniques we have come to the decision that private
schools are running in adequate manner infrastructure and other basic facilities are
being fulfilled where as the development in the Government education sector is slow
and is being shown by the graph:
1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-20050
10
20
30
40
50
60
Development Non-Development
19 The difference of government and private education sector
CONCLUSION
7. FINAL REPORT
From the hypotheses conducted we have come to the conclusion that the hypotheses
conducted was true. The results for our research are that the government sector needs to
work further for the development and improvement in the system. All children have right to
get quality education and this is the prime responsibility of the government to provide them
with quality and up to the mark education. The recommendations for the government
education sector are as following:
Recommendations:
Proper training should be given to teachers and the staff.
Because there is political instability in the country so the government should
separate the department from the government. So that no change in government
1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-20050
10
20
30
40
50
60
Development Non-Development
20 The difference of government and private education sector
could effect any program introduced by the government because billions of rupees
are invested in every program but the new government changes it by saying that this
project is not feasible.
The government should continue the running programs instead of introducing new
program or instead of building new schools government should reconstruct the old
schools while providing all the facilities.
The government should make the availability of the books because books are not
available in the market if available they are sold in black on more than 100 % above
the actual prices of the books.
There should be free extra coaching institutions for government schools students.
Infrastructure should be improved.
Playgrounds should be made for students recreate activities
Additional funds should be raised for the development
Student teacher ratio should be improved
Dropouts of students should be reduced
There should be optimum use of assets by starting 2nd and 3rd shifts.
21 The difference of government and private education sector
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.greatschools.net/cgi-bin/showarticle/197 , (Retrieved on 22/12/08)
http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=151079 , (Retrieved on 22/12/08)
h ttp://lahorenama.wordpress.com/2008/07/11/21-government-schools-in-lahore-non-
functional / , (Retrieved on 22/12/08)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research , (Retrieved on 23/12/08)
http://www.interface.edu.pk/students/Jan-08/Education-2007.asp (Retrieved on
23/12/08)
http://www.interface.edu.pk/students/Jan-08/Education-2007.asp (Retrieved on
23/12/08)
(Nasrin Tariq,2008, http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=151079 )
http://www.greatschools.net/cgi-bin/showarticle/197 (retrieved on 24/12/08)
(Khalid Khattak,2008, http://livenreal.com/news/index.php/lahore-most-of-private-
22 The difference of government and private education sector
schools-without-playgrounds)
http://lahorenama.wordpress.com/2008/07/11/21-government-schools-in-lahore-non-
functional (retrieved on 24/12/2008)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research , (Retrieved on 23/12/08)
http://www.interface.edu.pk/students/Jan-08/Education-2007.asp (Retrieved on
23/12/08)
http://www.interface.edu.pk/students/Jan-08/Education-2007.asp (Retrieved on
23/12/08)
(Nasrin Tariq,2008, http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=151079 )
http://www.greatschools.net/cgi-bin/showarticle/197 (retrieved on 24/12/08)
(Khalid Khattak,2008, http://livenreal.com/news/index.php/lahore-most-of-private-
schools-without-playgrounds)
http://lahorenama.wordpress.com/2008/07/11/21-government-schools-in-lahore-non-
functional (retrieved on 24/12/2008)