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Methane and nitrous oxide
emissions in freshwater swamps and marshes in southeastern México
9th INTECOL International Wetlands
Conference, June 3-8 2012, Orlando, Florida,
USA.
Marín-Muñiz J. Luis, Hernández A. María E., and Moreno-Casasola Patricia.
-Wetlands are considered carbon sinks. However, they are also significant
source of greenhouse gases (GHG).
-CH4 and N2O are two important GHG with 20 and 300 times GWP than
CO2, respectively.
- Few studies about GHG emissions has been done in tropical wetlands.
Introduction
Wetlands ecosystems
Wetlands in Mexico
about 0.6% of the total
wetlands in the world
are in Mexico 10% (Two-thirds of
these wetlands are
freshwater wetlands)
Source: Olmsted (1993)
Swamps
Marshes
Freshwater wetlands
Quantify and compare methane and nitrous oxide emissions in coastal freshwater wetlands with different plant community (swamps vs masrhes) in southaestern Mexico
Objective
Location of the study sites in the coastal plain of Veracruz, Mexico.
Methods
Estero Dulce (ED)
Thalia geniculata ,Cyperus giganteus,
Echinochloa pyramidalis. Pachira aquatica
Laguna Chica (LCH)
Cyperus giganteus , Typha domingensis Pachira aquatica, Hippocratea celastroides
Boquilla de oro (BO)
Cyperus gigateus, Pontederia sagitatta. Ficus insipida
Field
measurements
- Redox Potential
-Water level
-Water chemistry
Gas analysis
Gas chromatograph
(Perkin Elmer)
-Methane and nitrous oxide
fluxes were estimated
according to the following
equation:
Fc= (Δc/t) * (V /A)
Gas sampling
- Closed chambers
(every 2 months)
Methods
Data analysis
The data were
performed with SPSS
18 version for windows.
Methane Emissions
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
Methane emissions in Boquilla de Oro. Values are means (n=4), bars represent standart error, and
letters indicate significant difference at level of p<0.05.
Results R
ed
ox
Po
ten
tia
l (m
V)
Wa
ter
Le
ve
l (c
m)
Wa
ter
Le
ve
l(c
m)
Red
ox
Po
ten
tia
l R
(m
V)
Swamps Marshes
Month ( 2010-2012) Month (2010-2012)
a
ab ab
ab
b b b b b b
a
a
b b
b b b b c c
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
A J A O D F A J A O D F
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
A J A O D F A J A O D F
Boquilla de Oro
a
bcd
a
abcd abcd
abcd bcd
bcd bcd d bc b
acd acd ad b
c db b b
ac
abcd
abcd
abcd abcd c
Me
tha
ne
em
iss
ion
s
(mg
C-C
H4 m
-2 d
-1)
Me
tha
ne
em
iss
ion
s
(mg
C-C
H4 m
-2 d
-1)
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
Methane emissions in Laguna Chica. Values are means (n=4), bars represent standart error, and
letters indicate significant difference at level of p<0.05.
Results cont. R
ed
ox
Po
ten
tia
l (m
V)
Re
do
x P
ote
nti
al (m
V)
Wa
ter
leve
l (c
m)
Wa
ter
Le
ve
l (c
m)
Swamps Marshes
Month (2010-2012) Month (2010-2012)
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
A J A O D F A J A O D F -1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
A J A O D F A J A O D F
Laguna Chica
a
dc
e
ce
abcde
abcde
abcde
ade
ce
bcde bcde
ab b b b b b b b b
a
b b
a
ce
Me
tha
ne
em
iss
ion
s
(mg
C-C
H4 m
-2 d
-1)
Me
tha
ne
em
iss
ion
s
(mg
C-C
H4 m
-2 d
-1)
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
Results cont. R
ed
ox
Po
ten
tia
l (m
V)
Red
ox
Po
ten
tia
l (m
V)
Me
tha
ne
em
iss
ion
s
(mg
C-C
H4 m
-2 d
-1)
Wa
ter
Leve
l (c
m)
Wa
ter
Leve
l (c
m)
Swamps Marshes
Methane emissions in Estero Dulce. Values are means (n=4), bars represent standart error, and
letters indicate significant difference at level of p<0.05.
Month (2010-2012) Month (2010-2012)
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
A J A O D F A J A O D F
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
A J A O D F A J A O D F
Estero Dulce
Me
tha
ne
em
iss
ion
s
(mg
C-C
H4 m
-2 d
-1)
Methane emissions in wetlands with different plant community. Values are means
(n=144). Bars indicate standard errors. Same letters indicate no significant differences
(p>0.05).
Results cont.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900 a
Swamps Marshes
a
a
Me
tha
ne
em
isio
ns
(m
g C
-CH
4 m
-2 d
-1)
Nitrous oxide
emissions
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
Nitrous oxide emissions in Boquilla de Oro. Values are means (n=4), bars represent atandart error,
and letters indicate significant difference at level of p<0.05.
Results R
ed
ox
Po
ten
tia
l (m
V)
Wa
ter
Leve
l (c
m)
Wa
ter
Le
ve
l(c
m)
Red
ox
Po
ten
tia
l R
(m
V)
Swamps Marshes
Nit
rou
s o
xid
e e
mis
sio
ns
(m
g N
-N2O
m-2
d-1
)
Month ( 2010-2012) Month (2010-2012)
b b b b b b
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
A J A O D F A J A O D F
Boquilla de Oro
Nit
rou
s o
xid
e e
mis
sio
ns
(m
g N
-N2O
m-2
d-1
)
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
A J A O D F A J A O D F
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
Nitrous oxide emissions in Laguna Chica. Values are means (n=4), bars represent standard error,
and letters indicate significant difference at level of p<0.05.
Results cont. R
ed
ox
Po
ten
tia
l (m
V)
Re
do
x P
ote
nti
al (m
V)
Wa
ter
leve
l (c
m)
Wa
ter
Le
ve
l (c
m)
Swamps Marshes
Month (2010-2012) Month (2010-2012)
Laguna Chica
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
A J A O D F A J A O D F
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
A J A O D F A J A O D F Nit
rou
s o
xid
e e
mis
sio
ns
(m
g N
-N2O
m-2
d-1
)
Nit
rou
s o
xid
e e
mis
sio
ns
(m
g N
-N2O
m-2
d-1
)
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
Results cont. R
ed
ox
Po
ten
tia
l (m
V)
Red
ox
Po
ten
tia
l (m
V)
Wa
ter
Leve
l (c
m)
Wa
ter
Leve
l (c
m)
Swamps Marshes
Nitrous oxide emissions in Estero Dulce. Values are means (n=4), bars represent standard error,
and letters indicate significant difference at level of p<0.05.
Month (2010-2012) Month (2010-2012)
Estero Dulce
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
A J A O D F A J A O D F
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
A J A O D F A J A O D F
Nit
rou
s o
xid
e e
mis
sio
ns
(m
g N
-N2O
m-2
d-1
)
Nit
rou
s o
xid
e e
mis
sio
ns
(m
g N
-N2O
m-2
d-1
)
Nitrous oxide emissions in wetlands with different plant community. Values are means
(n=144). Bars indicate standard errors. Same letters indicate no significant differences
(p>0.05).
Results cont.
Nit
rou
s o
xid
e e
imis
sio
ns
(m
g
N-N
2O
m-2
d-1
)
a
Swamps Marshes
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
a
a
100 to 10000 (2) M
0 TO 9000 (2) S
Tropical
region
-3000 to 6000 (1)
146 to 960 (3, 5, 6, 13, 20, 21)
0.1 to 1000
(7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15)
10 to 550(11) S
-1.3 to 644 (4, 8, 16,17, 18,19)
Artic and
boreal zone
Temperate
zone
Subtropical
region
1 This study
2 Nahlik & Mitsch 2011
3 Yu et al. 2008
4 Liikanen et al. 2009
5 Chang & Yang 2003
6 Song et al. 2008
7 Augustin et al. 1998
8 Moore & Knowles 1990
9 Altor et al. 2006, 2007
10 Nahlik & Mitsch 2010
11 Tathy et al. 1992
12 Crill et al. 1988
13 Alford et al. 1997
14 Frolking & Crill 1994
15 Willson et al. 1989
16 Liblik et al. 1997
17 Bellisario et al. 1999
18 Whalen & Reeburg 1992
19 Bartlett et al. 1992
20 Ding et al, 2002
21 Singh et al. 2000
Methane emissions (mg C-CH4 m-2 d-1) from wetlands in different regions.
Tropical
region
-10 to 70 (1)
-4.8 to 39 (2, 7, 11, 12)
-0.6 to 9 (3, 8, 9, 13)
-0.05 to 5.3 (4, 5, 6, 10, 14)
Artic and
boreal zone
Temperate
zone
Subtropical
region
1 This study
2 Yan et al. 2000
3 Kang et al. 1998
4 Takakai et al. 2006
5 Regina et al. 1996
6 Regina et al 1999
7 Yu et al. 2010
8 Agustin et al. 1998
9 Dhondt et al. 2004
10 Jorgensen et al. 2012
11 Yu et al. 2012
12 Li et al. 2009
13 Lu et al. 2012
14 Zhu et al. 2008
Nitrous oxide emissions (mg N-N2O m-2 d-1) from wetlands in different
regions.
Coastal freshwater marshes and swamps of
Veracruz Mexico are sink and source of methane
and nitrous oxide.
There was no significant differences of
methane and nitrous oxide emissions between
freshwater wetlands with different type of
vegetation community.
Methane emissions in these coastal wetlands
increased during rainy and wind season (August
to February).
Nitrous oxide emissions during the study
period were variable and did not follow seasonal
patterns
Conclusions
