S. S. Deposh

D.,I OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL

St. Iouis Puit;c Libraryi'C. URENCI. nEP",

QUARTERMASTERSUBSISTENCE

DEPOT COMPANY

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY * OCTOBER 1951

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL

FM 10-30

QUARTERMASTERSUBSISTENCE

DEPOT COMPANY

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY * OCTOBER 1951

United States Government Printing OfficeWashington: 1951

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYWASHINGTON 25, D. C., 10 October 1951

FM 10-30 is published for the information and guidanceof all concerned.

[AG 322 (1 May 51)]

BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY:

OFFICIAL: J. LAWTON COLLINS

WM. E. BERGIN Chief of StaffMajor General, USA United States ArmyThe Adjutant General

DISTRIBUTION:

Tech Svc (1); AFF (10); AA Comd (2); OS MajComd (20); Base Comd (5); MDW (5); Log Comd(5); A (20); FC (1); Sch (5) except 10 (50);USMA (20) ; T/O&E's, 10-22 (2) ; 10-67 (2); 10-197(2); 10-247 (2) ; 10-357 (2); 10-500-1 (10); 10-536(2).

For explanation of distribution formula, see SR 310-90-1.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Paragraphs PageSection I. General --------------------- 1-2 1

II. The unit -------------------- 3-6 1

CHAPTER 2. TRAININGSection I. Training of individuals -------- 7-10 6

II. Unit training ---------------- 11-14 8

CHAPTER 3. ORGANIZATION AND EQUIP.MENT

Section I. Organization ----------------- 15-17 13II. Equipment ----------------- 18-20 13

III. Maintenance of equipment- - 21-27 25

CHAPTER 4. DUTIES OF PERSONNEL ------- 28-31 28

5. PREPARATION FOR OPERA-TIONS

Section I. Reconnaissance and site selection~ 32-33 39II. Planning for operations ------- 34-36 41

III. Setting up and taking down pre-fabricated refrigerators ------ 37-39 46

CHAPTER 6. OPERATION OF THE UNITSection I. Methods of operating --------- 40-54 52

II. Receiving and issuing subsistencesupplies -------------------- 55-59 82

III. Records and reports----------- 60-63 87IV. Opening-up, taking-over, and

closing-out operations ------- 64-66 96V. Operating under unusual con-

ditions -------------------- 67-68 97

CHAPTER 7. SECURITY, CAMOUFLAGE,AND DEMOLITION ---------- 69-71 102

8. MOVEMENTSection I. Motor -------------- 72-73 107

II. Rail ---- 74-77 110·III. Air ----------------------- 78-79 116

CHAPTER 9. CONSERVATION OF Paragraphs Page

MANPOWER ---------- -- 80-81 119

Page

APPENDIX I. REFERENCES -------------- 123II. MINIMUM TRAINING SCHEDULE--- 131

III. TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTSFOR QUARTERMASTER SUBSIST-ENCE DEPOT COMPANY -------- 138

IV. BLOCKING AND BRACING FOR RAILSHIPMENT ------------------------ 140

V. UNIT PROFICIENCY STANDARDS ---- 144INDEX -------------------------- - ------ - 147

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Section I. GENERAL

1. PURPOSE

The purpose of this manual is to provide informa-tion necessary for the efficient operation of theQuartermaster Subsistence Depot Company (T/O&E10-357, August 1949). Users of this manual arecautioned to remember that the grade and numberof personnel and the amount of equipment areauthorized by T/O&E, and so much of this type ofinformation as is contained herein is illustrative only.The current T/O&E and related changes must beconsulted.

2. SCOPE

The scope of the manual covers the mission, or-ganization, and operation of the quartermaster sub-sistence depot company.

Section II. THE UNIT

3. MISSION

The mission of the subsistence depot company isto provide administrative and technical personnel forthe operation of a quartermaster subsistence depot.

4. ASSIGNMENT AND CONTROL

The subsistence depot company is a nondivisionalunit assigned to a theater of operations.

a. Conmmunications Zone. When employed inthe communications zone, the quartermaster sub-sistence depot company is normally assigned underthe operational control of a Headquarters andHeadquarters Company, Quartermaster Base Depot(T/O&E. 10-520-1, August 1943). For administra-tive purposes, it is usually under the commandof Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment,Quartermaster Battalion (T/O&E 10-536, August1948), which may be under further administrativecontrol of Headquarters and Headquarters Company,Quartermaster Group (T/O&E 10-22, August 1949).

b. Army Area. When employed in the army area,the quartermaster subsistence depot company is nor-mally attached to Headquarters and HeadquartersDetachment, quartermaster battalion, and operatesthe army subsistence depot under the administrativecontrol of the quartermaster battalion and opera-tional control of army quartermaster.

5. RELATED UNITS

The company has a direct relation to the followingquartermaster units:

a. Headquarters and Headquarters Company,Quartermnaster Base Depot. The quartermaster basedepot company operating in the communicationszone furnishes command and supply supervision forall quartermaster units employed in the quarter-

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master section of a general depot or in a quarter-master branch depot.

b. Headquarters and Headquarters Detach/ment,Quartermaster Battalion. See paragraph 4.

c. Quartermaster Subsistence Supply Company.When employed in the combat zone, the subsistencedepot company supervises the distribution of bulksubsistence supplies to supply points operated bythe Quartermaster Subsistence Supply Company(T/O&E 10-197, November 1948). The subsistencesupply company operates from one to six subsistencesupply points.

d. Quartermaster Refrigeration Company, Mobile.The Quartermaster Refrigeration Company, Mobile(T/O&E 10-247, February 1944), provides personneland equipment for the preservation and delivery ofperishable items to supply points.

e. Quartermaster Clothing and General SuppliesDepot Company. The quartermaster Clothing andGeneral Supplies Depot Company (T/O&E 10-227,February 1949) may provide an operating platoonto be grouped with operating platoons of the sub-sistence depot company and the petroleum depotcompany when a class I, II, III, and IV depot isoperated.

f. Quartermaster Petroleum Depot Company.The Quartermaster Petroleum Depot Company(T/O&E 10-377, October 1949) may provide an op-erating platoon to be grouped with operating pla-toons of the subsistence depot company and theclothing and general supplies depot company whena class I, II, III, and IV depot is operated.

g. Quartermaster Service Company. The Quar-

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termaster Service Company (T/O&E 10-67, July1948) may be called upon to supply labor for thereceipt, storage, and distribution of subsistence sup-plies. Such personnel will work under the super-vision of the depot company personnel.

h. Other Units. The Quartermaster Service Or-ganization (T/O&E 10-500, January 1945) is pro-vided in order that requirements of widely varyingcharacter may be met without creating special unitsor subdividing fixed strength units for each situation.This principle should be followed whenever possiblesince rear area unit headquarters can administer amuch greater strength than combat unit headquarters.

6. CAPABILITIES

When labor personnel are furnished to accomplisha specific mission, the subsistence depot company iscapable of-

a. Receiving and storing subsistence supplies'andsupervising the distribution of bulk subsistence sup-plies to supply points.

b. Maintaining a reserve storage of subsistencesupplies, equivalent to an established operating levelfor 400,000 men.

c. Using separate platoon operations in establish-ing advanced and intermediate depots. In additionto the depot headquarters platoon three operatingplatoons duplicating, for the most part, the functionsof the depot headquarters platoon may be used tooperate depots at other points adjacent to the parentdepot. Operating platoons are responsible for thereceipt, storage, and issue of subsistence supplies;the depot headquarters platoon in addition is respon-

4

sible for maintaining a reservoir of supplies for theoperating platoons.

d. Inspecting meat, meat food, dairy, poultry, ma-rine products, fresh fruits, and vegetables by theattachment of an appropriate veterinary food in-spection detachment or detachments from T/O&E8-500.

CHAPTER 2

TRAINING

Section I. TRAINING OF INDIVIDUALS

7. GENERAIL

Individual training prepares each member of theQuartermaster Subsistence Depot Company to per-form his duties efficiently, accustoming him to sharein military teamwork and preparing him for the nexthigher job in the organization. Every soldier in thecompany is given basic military training and ad-vanced individual training. Normally, such train-ing is accomplished concurrently if possible at train-ing centers. Basic military training emphasizes in-dividual physical conditioning, discipline, adjust-ment to army life, and development of soldierly quali-ties. Advanced individual training develops in thesoldier facility in the use of tools, skills, and equip-ment and teaches him to work effectively as a memberof a military team. Basic military and advanced in-dividual training will conform to Army TrainingProgram 10-226, Mobilization. A sample minimumtraining schedule is given in appendix II. Unit pro-ficiency standards are outlined in appendix V.

8. SCHOOL TRAINING

School training is basic or advanced technicaltraining in specialized subjects given at Army train-

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ing schools. The school may be a service school or aschool organized by the company commander in thecompany training area.

a. Service School. The depot commander shouldrecommend suitable officers for attendance at a serv-ice school. Enlisted personnel should be carefullyselected for attendance at appropriate service schools.Procedures for obtaining quotas for attendance atservice schools are outlined in instructions issued byhigher headquarters. DA Pamphlet 20-21 listsschools and the prerequisites for attendance.

b. Companpy School. The company school is animportant means of training personnel to meet therequirements of the training program. The schoolshould be used for the training of the individual non-commissioned officer and enlisted specialists and in-structors. Since lack of time and facilities may pre-vent sending noncommissioned officers and enlistedspecialists to service schools, refresher training maybe conducted in the company school. Instruction innew doctrine and in the use and care of new equip-ment should also be given in the company school.Preparation for field and operational exercisesshould be conducted in this school.

9. ON-THE-JOB TRAINING

On-the-job training will be given to each soldierwhen the advanced individual training has qualifiedhim to operate equipment or perform other occupa-tional duties. At least two men should be trained toperform each specialist's job. Rotation of dutieswill thereby be achieved and a surplus of experiencedpersonnel provided. In the subsistence depot com-

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pany, warehousemen and checkers can be trained tooperate fork lift trucks. Fork lift operators can betrained to take the jobs of warehousemen and check-ers. Warehousemen should also be familiar with theduties of checkers and checkers with the duties ofwarehousemen.

10. TRAINING PROGRESS CHART

A training progress chart (fig. 1) should be pre-pared by the commander of the subsistence depotcompany to serve as a guide in conducting the train-ing program. The chart will show the status of train-ing of each individual.

Section II. UNIT TRAINING

11. GENERAL

When the subsistence depot company is activated,basic unit training and advanced unit training ofthe organization conform to Army training pro-grams announced by the Department of the Army.To receive basic unit training, individuals must havesatisfactorily completed basic military training andadvanced individual training, or their equivalent,as prescribed. Advanced unit training is prescribedby the Department of the Army and must be orderedby proper authority. Advanced unit training pro-vides team training during which the subsistencedepot company is integrated to operate effectivelywith higher echelons.

12. ON-THE-JOB TRAINING

On-the-job training can be given during the basicunit training or during advanced unit training.

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Troops should be trained to perform their dutiesunder as realistic conditions as possible. Use shouldbe made of available supply facilities at the trainingcenter or school and troops taught their duties whilein training at the depot. Wherever possible, the unittraining could be aided by actual work in a depot.The unit troop school may be regrouped to give re-fresher courses in those subjects in which personnelappear weak. If the entire unit cannot be occupiedwith on-the-job training at one time, sections or pla-toons may be rotated. While some personnel areoccupied with on-the-job training, the remainder ofthe unit can receive other instructions. If advancedtraining is being given, alternate courses in fieldtraining, specialist training, and advanced unit op-erations can be given.

13. CADRE

a. This company is provided with a cadre of i9enlisted men. The cadre is the key group of trainedpersonnel given the unit commander to establish hisunit. They are his key men. They serve as in-structors for the untrained members of the organi-zation.

b. The unit commander must always be preparedto furnish a cadre for the activation of a new unit.Cadre understudies must be trained concurrently forall key positions.

14. TRAINING REQUISITES

Soldierly qualities must be stressed. Efforts willbe made to develop control, discipline, familiaritywith weapons, and orderly habits. In addition,

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throughout the entire training program the princi-ples of hygiene and sanitation, physical training,safety in training, and security will be emphasized.Chain of command principles will be impressed uponthe company through training exercises in leader-ship, military courtesy, and drill. The soldier-spe-cialist is a soldier first of all and may be used in anyway necessary to accomplish the mission of the unit.The following points deserve special emphasis dur-ing the training program:

a. Principles of Operation. All company person-nel performing stock control and storage tasks shouldbe well grounded in the basis principles underlyinggood depot practice.

b. Flexibility of Organization. Since many dif-ferent missions may be assigned to the company, itis essential that the unit be organized in a flexiblemanner. The company may be operated as a' com-plete unit, or one or more platoons may be detached.The company, or one or more platoons, may operateat a base depot or in an army service area. Thenumber of service troops assigned to the companymay vary widely. The company, or one or moreplatoons, may handle any combination of quarter-master subsistence supplies. It may operate fixedrefrigeration facilities with the help of T/O&E10-500 units. It is imperative that company per-sonnel be trained so that they are competent to under-take readily any type of assignment that may cometo them.

c. Nom.enclature of Supplies. The many itemshandled by the company makes it necessary that per-sonnel understand the importance of proper nomen-

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clature. Department of the Army Supply CatalogQM 5-56 contains a listing of subsistence items byproper nomenclature.

d. Improvisation. Constant emphasis must beplaced on the probable necessity for providing tem-porary storage facilities with materials at hand in atheater of operations.

e. Tropical and Arctic Climates. Personnel mustunderstand the special problems of depot operationin tropical andl arctic climates. Specific training foroperation under these conditions should be given(par. 67-68 and app. I, par. 7).

f. Civilian and Prisoner of War Labor. Person-nel of the subsistence depot company assigned tosupervise work details of civilian and prisoner ofwar labor should receive instruction in military-civilian relationships and guarding of prisoners ofwar.

g. Sutpply Economy. In all phases of training,emphasis must be placed on supply economy. Thehighest standards must be set up and enforced for theconservation, use, and storage of all individual andorganizational supplies and equipment. The sub-sistence supplies handled by this company are ontheir way to planned utilization. Members of thesame team further along the line are depending onproper handling of this subsistence for their food.At no time can any part of it be diverted for personaluse without causing hardship to another member forwhom these supplies were planned.

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CHAPTER 3

ORGANIZATION AND EQUIPMENT

Section I. ORGANIZATION

15. SECTION

The section is the smallest element of the company.

16. PLATOON

The depot headquarters platoon consists of a pla-toon headquarters and two operating sections. Eachof the three operating platoons consists of a platoonheadquarters and three operating sections.

17. COMPANY

The company (fig. 2) consists of the office of thedepot commander, the company headquarters, thedepot headquarters platoon, and the three operatingplatoons.

Section II. EQUIPMENT

18. SPECIALIZED ORGANIZATIONAL EQUIPMENT

Most of the specialized organizational equipmentprovided the company consists of materials-handlingequipment (list of references in app. I).

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a. Fork Lift Tmrck.(1) Description. The fork lift trucks provided

the company are gasoline-powered, pneu-matic-tired, four-wheeled automotive units.One unit can pick up a unit load, carry theload to its destination, and stack it as highas the capacity of the particular model (5to 12 feet) permits. The load is carried infront of the truck on a two-tined fork, whichis moved up or down on a supporting frameby either a mechanical or a hydraulic liftmechanism. The supporting frame and thefork can be tilted forward from the verticalto pick up the load and backward from thevertical to aid in balancing the lifted load.

(2) Capacity. The fork lift truck authorizedfor the company has a capacity of 3,500pounds and a lifting height of 144 inches.

(3) Use. The fork lift truck can be used effi-ciently to move palletized unit loads of 2,000pounds or more. Moreover, the truck canbe used to move items which, because of thesize or shape, cannot be palletized. Forbest results the fork lift truck should beused in conjunction with a tractor-trailertrain (b (3) below) whenever the horizontaldistance the load is to be carried is 250 feetor more.

b. Warehouse Tractor.(1) Description. The warehouse tractor is a

small gasoline-powered, pneumatic-tired,four-wheeled vehicle equipped with a draw-bar to engage the trailer. The steering

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mechanism allows short turns but tends toreduce stability.

(2) Capacity. The warehouse tractor hlas a ca-pacity of 4,000 pounds.

(3) Use. The warehouse tractor is used fordirect drag-towing of materials along thefloor on skids or for pulling one or moretrailers. Where the volume of materialsand the regularity of schedules warrant itsuse, a trailer team of more than one traileris the most practical and economical methodof moving materials with a warehouse trac-tor. Under such circumstances, the tractoracts as a locomotive for a trackless train oftrailers. Wheels of the trailers in the trainclosely follow in the track of the tractorso that S-turns can be made easily. As thetrain moves through the storage area, trail-ers are spotted at intervals where they areto be used and other trailers picked up.When the distance the load is to be carriedexceeds 250 feet, a tractor and trailer shouldbe used in conjunction with a fork lift truck.The subsistence depot company should planto use one tractor to move three trains offive trailers each. In the three-train system,while the tractor is hauling train 1, train 2is being loaded, and train 3 unloaded.

c. Warehouse trailer.(1) Description. The warehouse trailer is a

four-wheeled truck designed to achieve largecarrying capacity. A simple swift couplingattaches the trailer to the towing unit. Theplatform, made of wood and steel, is usually

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3 feet wide and 6 feet long and is carriedabout 14 inches above the floor. Stakepockets are located on all four sides of theplatform so that racks can be shifted easilyto support the cargo. When the trailer isbeing loaded by hand, each side of the plat-form will be lined with a beveled strip ofwood that keeps packages in the center ofthe trailer. However, when the loading ismechanical, the beveled strips will be re-moved so that the pallets will rest firmly onthe platform. Coupling is accomplished byeither an automatic coupler, a self-lockingpintle, or a pintle-and-loop coupler, depend-ing on the particular model.

(2) Capacity. The warehouse trailer hias amaximum capacity of 4,000 pounds.

(3) Use. The warehouse trailer is used mostefficiently with tractor-trailer trains. Itmay also be used as a hand-propelled ve-hicle. It operates best on a concrete surfaceor solid flooring and is not designed to op-erate on soft or uneven surfaces. Its effi-ciency depends to a large extent upon itsbalanced use with other equipment.

d. Hand Truclc.(1) Description. The hand truck is a frame

supported at one end by two solid rubber-tired wheels and at the other end by twohandles held by the operator. A steel noseiron is attached to the lower end of the frameto aid in picking up and supporting theload. A clamp is usually mounted at the

17

top of the frame to secure the load whilethe truck is in motion. For use in narrowaisles the wheels may be arranged in the"western" pattern so that they are inside thewidth of the frame. In the "eastern"pattern, the framework is tapered at thelower end and the wheels are placed on theoutside. The truck can be equipped withsafety brakes that operate against the out-side surfaces of the wheels.

(2) Capaity. The hand truck has a maximumcapacity of approximately 600 pounds.

(3) Use. The chief use of the hand truck isto transport small quantities of materialsover distances not exceeding 150 feet in onedirection. It is of special advantage inhandling odd-shaped packages and inmoving materials in narrow aisles and otherconfined storage areas. It is used to best ad-vantage in conjunction with powered equip-ment to move packages which, because oftheir shape or small number, do not warrantthe use of the mechanical equipment.

e. Gravity Roller Conveyor.(1) Description. The gravity roller conveyor

is a continuous platform of regular-spacedrollers that turn freely in the frame of theplatform. It is used when large quantitiesof uniform-sized packages or cased goodsare to be moved over a maximum distanceof 80 feet. A fall of 3 inches in each 10-foot section is usually enough to overcomethe friction in the roller bearings. Rollersmay be placed above the frame so that pack-

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ages wider than the width of the conveyorcan be carried. Usually the load is carriedon at least three rollers. The roller con-veyor can be adapted to many situations.Straight sections (10 feet long by 12 or 18inches wide) can be hinged to clear the wayfor cross traffic. Curved sections can beadded to route materials around corners.Spur and converging sections may be usedwhere one conveyor is to branch into severalothers or where a number of conveyors con-verge. Supports with 9-inch and 15-incharms are provided.

(2) Capacity. Capacity will depend upon thetype of conveyor system installed. Thephysical layout of the installation, the char-acter and volume of the materials to be han-dled, and the number of points in theinstallation that the conveyor is to serve willinfluence capacity.

(3) Use. The gravity roller conveyor is gen-erally used in a warehouse or depot wher-ever a heavy flow of packages is to be movedover a definite line of travel. Single sectionsmay be used anywhere to load and unloadtrucks and freight cars.

f. Prefabricated Refrigerators. Prefabricated re-frigerators will be furnished only when other re-frigeration facilities are not available. The com-mallder of the subsistence depot company is expectedto make full use of available refrigeration in areasused for operations. Prefabricated refrigerators ofvarying capacity are electrically operated and aresupplied in sections for rapid erection (fig. 3).

19

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19. PROVISION OF SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT

The specialized organizational equipment (par.18) which is authorized the subsistence depot com-pany is distributed as follows:

a. Section.(1) Fork lift truck. The nonperishable section

of the depot headquarters platoon is au-thorized 2 fork lift trucks; the perishablesection of the same platoon is authorized1 fork lift truck. Each of the two nonper-ishable sections of the three operating pla-toons is authorized 2 fork lift trucks andthe perishable section is authorized 1 forklift truck. The total number of fork lifttrucks authorized is 18.

(2) Warehouse tractor. The nonperishable andperishable sections of the depot headquar-ters platoon are each authorized 1 tractor.Each of the two nonperishable sections andthe perishable section of each of the threeoperating platoons are authorized 1 tractor.The total number of warehouse tractorsauthorized is 11.

(3) Warehouse trailer. The nonperishable andperishable sections of the depot headquar-ters platoon are each authorized 5 trailers.Each of the two nonperishable sections andthe perishable section of each of the threeoperating platoons are authorized 5 trailers.The total number of trailers authorized is55.

(4) Hand truck. The nonperishable and per-ishable sections of the depot headquarters

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platoon are each authorized 2 hand trucks.Each of the two nonperishable sections andthe perishable section of each of the threeoperating platoons are authorized 2 handtrucks. The total number of hand trucksauthorized is 22.

(5) Gravity roller conveyor.(a) The nonperishable section of the depot

headquarters platoon is authorized eight12-inch wide and eight 18-inch wide 10-foot conveyor sections. The section is alsoauthorized two 45° curved sections, one12 inches wide and one 18 inches wide.

(b) The perishable section of the depot head-quarters platoon is authorized four 12-inch wide and four 18-inch wide 10-footconveyor sections. The section is also au-thorized two 450 curved sections, one 12inches wide and one 18 inches wide.

(c) Each of the two nonperishable sections ofthe three operating platoons is authorizedeight 12-inch wide and eight 18-inch wide10-foot conveyor sections. Each sectionis also authorized two 450 curved sections,one 12 inches wide and one 18 inches wide.

(d) The perishable sections of each of thethree operating platoons are authorizedtwelve 12-inch wide and four 18-inchwide 10-foot conveyor sections. Each sec-tion is also authorized two 450 curvedsections, one 12 inches wide and one 18inches wide.

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(e) The total number of 12-inch wide rollergravity conveyors authorized is 72; thetotal number of 18-inch wide rollergravity conveyors is 72. The total num-ber of 12-inch wide 450 curved sectionsis 11; the total number of 18-inch 45°

curved sections is 11.(6) Prefabricated refrigerators. The perish-

able section of the depot headquartersplatoon is authorized one prefabricated re-frigerator when made available by higherauthority. The perishable section of each ofthe three operating platoons is also author-ized one prefabricated refrigerator whenmade available by higher authority.

b. Platoon.(1) Fork lift truck. The depot headquarters

platoon is authorized three fork lift trucks.Each of the three operating platoons is au-thorized five fork lift trucks.

(2) VWarehouse tractor. The depot headquar-ters platoon is authorized two warehousetractors. Each of the three operating pla-toons is authorized three warehouse tractors.

((3) Warehouse trailer. The depot headquar-ters platoon is authorized 10 warehousetrailers. Each of the three operating pla-toons is authorized 15 warehouse trailers.

(4) Hand trucks. The depot headquarters pla-toon is authorized four hand trucks. Eachof the three operating platoons is authorizedsix hand trucks.

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(5) Gravity roller conveyors. The depot head-quarters platoon is authorized 12 each ofthe 10-foot sections of the 12- and 18-inchcorveyors; also, 2 each of the 45° curvedsections of the 12- and 18-inch conveyors.Each of the three operating platoons isauthorized 20 conveyor sections 12 incheswide and 20 sections 18 inches wide. Also,each of the three operating platoons isauthorized three 45 o curved section 12 incheswide and three 18 inches wide.

(6) Electric lighting equipment, set No. 4,5-K-W. Each of the platoons is suppliedan electric lighting equipment, set No. 4,5-K-W, when authorized. This equipmentis used to light the depot or storage areawhen night operations are required.

(7) Floodlight eFuipment, set No. 2, construc-tion, portable. This equipment, when au-thorized, is supplied to each platoon for thepurpose of floodlighting the unloading orloading operations when night shifts areoperated.

20. TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

Three trucks and a water tank trailer are assignedto the company headquarters. This equipment isfor the internal use of the company in its administra-tive and operating functions. Additional trans-portation may be requisitioned as necessary throughhigher headquarters. The equipment assigned to thecompany follows:

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1 Water tank trailer, 250-gallon, 1-ton, 2-wheel.1 Utility truck, 1/4-ton, 4 x 4, M38.1 Cargo truck, 3/4-ton, 4 x 4, M37.1 Cargo truck, 21/2 -ton, 6 x 6, with winch.

Section III. MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT

21. MAINTENANCE RESPONSIBILITY

The commander of the subsistence depot companyis responsible for maintenance. Each member of thesubsistence depot company has a definite maintenancetask as the commander directs. All officers and non-conmmissioned officers must see that instructions andprocedures for maintenance operations are strictlycomplied with by all personnel under their imme-diate supervision (AR 750-5 and other referenceslisted in par. 5, app. I).

22. ORGANIZATIONAL MAINTENANCE

a. Purpose. The purpose of organizational main-tenance is to detect and correct minor defects beforethey develop into major defects. The following pro-cedures are necessary for organizational mainte-nance:

(1) First echelon organizational maintenance,consisting of daily and weekly maintenanceservices performed by all operators throughobservance of rules contained in technicalmanuals, lubrication orders, and other pub-lications listed in appendix I.

(2) Second echelon organizational maintenance,consisting of weekly, monthly, quarterly,

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and semiannual maintenance services per-formed by organizational mechanics.

b. Responsibility. The commander is responsiblethat instructions and procedures for organizationalmaintenance operations are strictly complied with byall personnel under his control. He is also respon-sible that each individual user, wearer, or operatorof equipment within his command is trained in theorganizational maintenance of such equipment.

23. MAINTENANCE OF MATERIALS-HANDLINGEQUIPMENT

Materials-handling equipment will be maintainedin accordance with AR 700-240.

24. MOTOR VEHICLE MAINTENANCE

The motor vehicles assigned to the subsistencedepot company (par. 20) will be maintained by thedrivers and company wheel-vehicle mechanics.Drivers perform first echelon organizational main-tenance on organic motor vehicles. Second echelonorganizational maintenance is performed by thewheel-vehicle mechanics assigned to company head-quarters. Procedures prescribed in TM 37-2810 andappropriate vehicle technical manuals (app. I) willbe followed.

25. MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT

Miscellaneous equipment organic to the companywill be maintained by the user and the company me-chanics as prescribed in AR 750-5. Policies pre-

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scribed by higher authority will be followed. Whenused by the company, the prefabricated refrigeratorswill be maintained by the refrigeration specialistsand personnel using the equipment.

26. MAINTENANCE RECORDS

The prescribed maintenance records for motor ve-hicles (AR 700-105) and materials-handling equip-ment (AR 700-240) will be kept by the motorsergeant.

27. SUPPLY OF SPARE PARTS AND TOOLS

a. Allowances. Authorized initial allowances ofspare parts and tools for the company will be sup-plied when initial issues of equipment are made.Company supply personnel will maintain the author-ized stock level by requisition from or exchange withthe designated supply organization.

b. Requisitions. A spare parts requisition shouldcontain the make, model, and serial or series numberof the equipment. The requisition also should con-tain the official stock number and nomenclature ofall items required, according to the latest Depart-ment of the Army supply catalog. On each requisi-tion, a reference should be made to the source ofinformation. When technical manuals are used toobtain spare parts numbers and nomenclature, thetitle and date of the manuals should be stated to helpthe supply agency determine the exact item desired.Appropriate DA supply catalogs are listed inappendix I.

27

CHAPTER 4

DUTIES OF PERSONNEL

28. SECTION

Personnel of all the sections should be familiarwith nomenclature of supplies, proper handling andstoring, and the principles of refrigeration. Theperishable section operates all refrigeration ma-chinery and is responsible for the maintenance ofproper temperatures within the refrigerated areas.

a. Section Chief. A section chief assigned to eachof the nonperishable and perishable sections of thesubsistence depot company supervises personnelwithin each section (fig. 4). The section chief isthe senior noncommissioned officer of each section.He is in immediate charge of the receipt, storage, andissue of all supplies in his section and personallysupervises all methods of storing. He must be ableto plan the distribution of supplies and the use ofpersonnel in such a way that the greatest efficiency isobtained in receiving and issuing supplies. Specificduties of the section chief are as follows:

(1) Storing supplies in accordance with themethods prescribed by the depot com-mander.

(2) Keeping unloading and loading times to amini mum.

28

OFFICE OF THE DEPOT COMMANDERDepot-Company commander

Subsistence officerChief clerkClerk typist

COMPANY HEADQUARTERSExecutive efficerFirst sergeant

Mess steward Cook's helpersCooks Light truck driverMotor sergeantSupply sergeantCompany personnel management clerkPersonnel administrative clerkMechanic helperSupply clerkArmorer

DEPOT HEADOUARTERSPLATOON I L OPERATING

PLATOON

PLATOON HEADQUARTERS NONPERISHABLE SECTION I PERISHABLE SECTIONPlatoon leader Section chief Section chiefPlatoon sergeant Asst section chief Refigeration mechanicSenior supply clerk Stock checker Subsistence storagePacking and crating Supply clerks specialistspecialist Fork lift operators Checker

Supply clerk Warehousemen Supply clerkFork lift operatorWarehousemen

PLATOON HEADQUARTERS NONPERISHABLE SECTION PERISHABLE SECTIONPlatoon leader Section chief Section chiefPlatoon sergeant Asst section chief Refrigeration mechanicSenior supply clerk Checkers Subsistence storagePacking and crating Supply clerks specialistspecialist Fork lift operators Checkers

Supply clerk Warehousemen Supply clerkFork lift operatorWarehousemen

Figure 4. Organization of personnel in the company.

966956°--51 3 29

(3) Supervising the receiving and issuing ofsubsistence items.

(4) Inspecting subsistence supplies for deterio-ration while the supplies are being receivedandl issued.

(5) Supervising the activities of the personnelassigned to the section.

b. Assistant Section Chief. The assistant sectionchief works with the section chief and is trained toperform all duties performed by the section chief.He assumes the duties of the section chief when di-rected to do so by the platoon leader or if anemergency requires that he assume these duties.The assistant section chief is also able to performthe duties of the other personnel assigned to thesection.

c. Checkers. Various clerical and stock-handlingduties are performed by checkers. Incoming andoutgoing supplies are checked against items listed onrequisitions, shipping documents, or other forms.The checkerl counts, grades, or weighs subsistenceitems and stores small items in storage bins andcompartments. He arranges items in such a manneras to aid taking of inventories and provide protec-tion against; dampness and deterioration. Duringreceiving and issuing operations the checker makesa rapid examination of items for signs of deteriora-tion.

d. Sipply Clerks. Supply clerks are assignedclerical and stock-handling duties and must main-tain stock records of items on hand. They should befamiliar with procedures for anticipating and pre-venting stock depletions. Supply clerks should be

30

familiar with Army Regulations governing subsis-tence supply and with principles of military book-keeping.

e. Fork Lift Operators. The fork lift operatorsin each of the sections are trained to operate andmaintain the fork lift trucks. They move materialsby fork lift trucks or other devices.

f. Warehousemen. The warehousemen supervisethe labor furnished by service companies (T/O&E10-67), personnel of labor detachments (T/O&E10-500), or labor provided by prisoners of war orfrom civilian sources. They may also be assigned tooperate the mechanical equipment tractors, etc.,assigned to the organization.

g. Refrigeration Mechanics. Refrigeration me-chanics are assigned to each perishable section. Theymust be able to install, maintain, repair, and operatethe refrigerating equipment used by the companyand should be able to supervise the erection of pre-fabricated refrigerators.

29. PLATOON HEADQUARTERS

Platoon headquarters performs the necessary ad-ministrative and housekeeping duties and directs theactivities of the platoon when it is operating as aseparate unit. It coordinates and directs the opera-tions of the subordinate sections. Platoon head-quarters may be responsible for the operation of sub-sistence depots located horizontally to the front toprovide service on a corps basis. It may also be re-sponsible for operating the platoons separately indepth at intermediate or advanced depots to movesubsistence supplies from rear areas to the front.

31

a. Platoon Leader. The platoon leader (fig. 4),who has the grade of first or second lieutenant, is incommand of the platoon. He is in charge of platoonoperation both when the platoon is operating as aseparate platoon and when it is operating in con-junction with the company. Since the platoon maybe detached at any time for the operation of a depot,the platoon leader must make certain that the platoonis ready for such an assignment. He assumes respon-sibility for the administration, supply, discipline,and security of the platoon when it is detached fromthe company. He must be familiar with all the du-ties of a subsistence officer. When required, he in-spects and condemns food products other than thoseof animal or marine origin.

b. Platoon Sergeant. A platoon sergeant is as-signed to each platoon. The platoon sergeant assiststhe platoon leader in the performance of duties andassumes the duties of the platoon leader if the oc-casion arises. He should be thoroughly familiarwith duties performed by personnel in the platoonsand sections. He should be able to perform the dutiesof the chief clerk of the depot commander's officeand the duties of the company first sergeant when theplatoon is operating separately.

c. Suppl'i Clerks. Supply clerks are assigned tothe platoons to edit requisitions, assist in establish-ing stock levels, perform inventory adjustment op-erations, keep fund allocation accounts, post currentstock record files, and to prepare messages, forms,reports, and other related records. They also assistin performance of routine office duties.

32

d. Packing and Crating Specialists. Packing andcrating specialists are assigned to each platoon head-quarters. They clean and waterproof material andpack and crate items for shipment. They build pal-lets for storage purposes and containers for subsis-tence and do general carpentry work. They mustbe able to construct and repair buildings to be usedfor depot operations. They construct boxes, crates,and barrels for packaging.

30. COMPANY HEADQUARTERS

Company headquarters is responsible for the ad-ministrative functions of the company and providesthe supply and mess facilities for companypersonnel.

a. Executive officer. The executive officer (fig. 4)assists the company commander in the administra-tion, instruction, training, food service, and securityof the company. He should provide security foritems stored in strong rooms of the depot and issueorders for fire prevention and control. Under di-rection of the depot commander the executive officeris in immediate charge of the training program forall company personnel as well as attached personnel,both military and civilian.

b. First Sergeant. The first sergeant is the non-commissioned administrative assistant to the execu-tive officer. Since he is in charge of enlistedpersonnel, he transmits all orders of the companycommander to the enlisted personnel and acts as theliaison between the enlisted personnel and the com-pany commander. In addition to his knowledge ofcompany administration, the first sergeant should

33

have a thorough understanding of his organizationand its operation. He should be thoroughly familiarwith the Army supply system and with the functionof the company within the system.

c. Comvpany Personnel Management Clerk. Thecompany personnel management clerk is the admin-istrative assistant to the first sergeant. He counselsand assists enlisted personnel, administers and scoresprescribed tests, and prepares and maintains quali-fications and other personnel records. He performsvarious clerical and typing duties for the company,prepares morning reports, keeps the sick book cur-rent, and files orders, memoranda, circulars, bulletins,and manuals.. He also maintains a suspense file oncompany activities. He is receptionist for companyheadquarters and represents the first sergeant andthe executive officer in their absence.

d. Personnel Administrative Clerk. The person-nel administrative clerk is responsible for the admin-istration, personnel classification, and other miscel-laneous clerical and typing duties of the companyheadquarters.. He prepares the records, correspond-ence, leaves, and furloughs and may be detailed towork at battalion headquarters or base depot head-quarters.

e. Supply Sergeant. The supply sergeant is as-sistant to the executive officer in all matters pertain-ing to supply within the unit. He is in immediatecharge of the receipt, storage, and issue of individualand organizational clothing and equipment and ex-pendable sup-plies. He prepares requisitions for sup-plies, checks supplies received and issued, and reports

34

to the executive officer any discrepancies noted inquantity or quality.

f. Supply Clerk. The supply clerk prepares requi-sitions and checks supplies received or issued underthe supervision of the supply sergeant. He checksthe property submitted for salvage and prepares re-ports of survey, as required.

g. Motor Sergeant. The motor sergeant, underthe direction of the executive officer, supervises theoperation and maintenance of all vehicles and ware-housing equipment organic to the company. Hesupervises the work of the vehicle operators andwheel-vehicle mechanics and makes sure that theycomply with the rules for organizational mainte-nance. He supervises the preparation of prescribedrecords and reports and maintains necessary liaisonwith the next higher echelon of maintenance.

A. Wheel-Vehicle Mechanics. The wheel-vehiclemechanics, under the motor sergeant's supervision,perform the necessary maintenance on company ve-hicles and warehousing equipment and assist intraining newly assigned mechanics.

i. Mess Steward. The mess steward supervisesthe food service personnel and plans the use of avail-able facilities to provide for any type of operationundertaken by the company. He must make neces-sary plans to insure satisfactory messing arrange-ments for the company when it is operating on morethan one daily shift and for a platoon when it isoperating at a distance or temporarily detached fromthe company. He must know how to make a break-down of the company's rations for a detached platoon

35

and be able to assist the executive officer in selectingkitchen personnel and equipment for the platoon.

j. Cooks. The cooks, under the supervision of themess steward, prepare food for company personneland conform to military methods for food prep-aration.

k. Cook's Helper. The cook's helper assists thecooks in the preparation and serving of food. Hecleans utensils, tools and equipment, and the workingarea in conformity with principles of sanitation.

1. Additional Personnel. Additional personnel ofcompany headquarters are listed in T/O&E 10-357.Technical qualifications of the personnel are ex-plained in SR 615-25-15.

31. OFFICE OF THE DEPOT COMMANDER

The office of the depot commander is responsiblefor the administration of the depot and all assignedand attached personnel.

a. Depot Connmmander.(1) The depot commander (captain) is the com-

pany commander. He is responsible for theestablishment of procedures that will insuresuccessful and efficient operation of the de-pot. He is assistant to the commander ifassigned or attached to a branch or generaldepot. The depot commander (fig. 4) ofthe subsistence company is responsible forthe following:

(a) Receipt, storage, inspection, and issue ofall supplies handled by the depot.

(b) Protection of all supplies from theft, fire,and enemy action.

36

(c) Maintenance of all administrative recordsnecessary for depot operation.

(d) Supervision of assigned troops and labor.(e) Traffic control within the depot.(f) Supervision of the administration, train-

ing, and supply of company personnel.(g) Procurement of additional facilities,

equipment, manpower, and supplies foroperations when necessary, authorized,and available.

(2) When operating under the army quarter-master, the depot commander normally isresponsible for the following:

(a) Maintenance of accurate figures on classI levels in the depot.

(b) Maintenance of operational data on classI supply items for the purpose of recom-mending establishment of changes instock levels.

(c) Information to higher headquarterswhen stocks are inadequate in range orquantity or in excess of current needs.

(d) Preparing class I statistical data andestimates required by higher authority.

b. Sulbsistence Offloer. When the subsistence depotcompany is operating independently, the subsistenceofficer, who is the warrant officer assigned to thedepot commander's office, supervises the activities ofthe office and acts as the depot commander's admin-istrative assistant. He is in charge of requisitionsand stock records, supervises inventories and theediting and filling of ration requests, and initiatesaction necessary to establish and maintain adequate

37

stock levels. The subsistence officer should know theamount on hand and on order of every type of sub-sistence supply he may be required to issue. Heshould promptly requisition replacement stock whena minimum level is reached. He must have knowl-edge of the condition of his stocks so that correctaction may be taken to avoid subsistence losses. Heshould make a close check of items received by theautomatic supply system since such items may beincorrectly distributed and needed by another depot.He should personally check each day's menu againststock records and select the necessary substitutionsthat may be required.

o. Chief Clerk. The chief clerk, who is a mastersergeant, should be familiar with all phases of sub-sistence operation. He is the chief clerk in chargeof all clerical work in the office. Under the directionof the subsistence officer, the chief clerk is responsiblefor the maintenance of all necessary records andstock record cards. He maintains the central officefile and library of publications. He maintains asuspense file on reports and correspondence requiringaction.

d. Clerk-Typist. The clerk-typist, under the su-pervision of the chief clerk, performs general clericalwork. He prepares outgoing requisitions for neces-sary supplies and takes care of incoming ration re-quests and other documents.

38

CHAPTER 5

PREPARATION FOR OPERATIONS

Section I. RECONNAISSANCE AND SITE SELECTION

32. RECONNAISSANCE

The general location for an operational site fora subsistence depot is usually designated by thecommand to which the quartermaster subsistencedepot company is assigned or attached. After thegeneral area in which the depot is to be located hasbeen designated by higher headquarters, the depotcommander makes a reconnaissance to select the siteunless this responsibility is assumed by higher head-quarters. When a platoon is operating separately,the platoon leader is responsible for performing thereconnaissance for the site for the subdepot, subjectto the approval of the depot commander and thehigher headquarters.

33. SITE SELECTION

Following are some of the major factors in theselection and layout of a subsistence depot area:

a. Space Requirerwents. In estimating space re-quirements, the depot commander should considerspace for receiving, classifying, storing, and issuingsupplies; nearby space for bivouac and administra-tion, and space for turnaround of vehicles. Enough

39

room for expansion of the depot should be kept inmind. For this reason, a site adequate for immediateneeds may be undesirable.

b. Transportation Facilities. The depot must beconvenient to the type of transportation to be used,whether this is rail, truck, water, air, or any combi-nation of these. Available rail or water sidingsand a level area which can be cleared for an airstripare desirable. Adequate roads to handle traffic mustbe considered. The depot should be accessible toconsuming units and to an adequate road net.

e. Dispersion. The need for dispersion of suppliesrequires that the depot be located in as large anarea as possible. Dispersion must extend to the sto,;-age of even single items. For example, the supplyof flour at a depot should normally be dispersed sothat the entire supply will not be destroyed by asingle enemy attack.

d. Camouflage. Natural camouflage should beconsidered to minimize danger from enemy observa-tion and attack. Overhead covering created by treesand bushes on the site is desirable. However, anynatural concealment, such as trees, bushes, and rocks,should be closely examined to find out whether theywill interfere with efficient operations.

e. Covered Storage Space. Covered storage spaceto protect supplies from the weather and from pilfer-age is highly desirable and every effort should bemade to locate the depot where such space is available.

f. Natural Shelter. Natural shelter, such as stor-age in caves, is desirable to protect supplies subjectto damage by cold. During hot weather, such loca-tions should permit as much air circulation between

40

containers in stacks as possible in order to preventcorrosion and spoilage of supplies.

g. Local Labor. The site should be near a supplyof local labor if possible. An estimate as to theavailability of local labor should be made by contactwith local authorities. Civilian labor is usedwherever possible in the theater of operations to con-serve Army manpower.

h. Sanitation. A subsistence depot should not belocated near refuse dumps or stagnant water. Whenthe depot is in operation, latrines, carefully screenedand covered, must be located at a considerable dis-tance from supplies.

i. Bivouac Site. The bivouac site should be lo-cated on solid, level, well-drained ground and ac-cessible to good road nets and the depot.

Section II. PLANNING FOR OPERATIONS

34. LAYOUT OF DEPOT

The following points should be kept in mind inlaying out and operating a subsistence depot:

a. Maxgrimr Speed. The layout should be ar-ranged for maximum speed in delivery.

b. Roadways and Aisles. In open storage a sys-tem of roadways and storage aisles must be estab-lished that will use existing roadways as far aspossible and at the same time produce the most effi-cient use of manpower in loading and unloadingsupplies. Aisles must be numerous enough for allsupplies to be convenient to loading points. Aislesshould be wide enough to accommodate personnel

41

necessary for speedy operation and should be laidout to make the most effective use of roller conveyorsor other materials-handling equipment. Vehiclesmust be brought as close aspossible to the stacks andat approximately the same level.

c. Reinforced Roadways. Roadways must be asfirm as possible and should be reinforced where neces-sary with logs, coral, or other available material.They should be wide enough to allow travel whilestanding trucks are being unloaded.

d. Loading Points. Whenever practicable, truckloading points should be provided to bring truckbeds to the level of supplies and make lifting unneces-sary. Loading points of crushed rock or coal makean excellent foundation for an outdoor storage area.

e. Traffic Flow. Adequate provision must be madefor one-way traffic flow (fig. 5).

f. Bivouac Area. The bivouac area (fig. 5) shouldbe as accessible to the depot site as possible.

35. ESTIMATING SIZE OF A DEPOT STORAGE AREA

The depot commander may be required to estimatethe size of depot necessary to supply subsistence itemsto an army or corps. The following estimate for adepot of 400,000 capacity, based on FM 101-10, isfurnished as a, guide:

a. The class I rations in short tons required perman per month are estimated at 0.108. For 400,000troops the estimate would be 43,200 short tons permonth.

b. The storage space in measurement tons is de-termnined by converting short tons into measurement

42

z

~ Im~ / l

43-.

EL~~~~~~

78 4

U· %~~~~4

tons. By use of the conversion factor of 2.1, the43,200 short tons would be 90,720 measurement tons.

c. To find the cubic feet of storage space, multiplythe measurement tons by 40. the number of cubicfeet in 1 measurement ton. For 90,720 measurementtons, the storage space requirement would be3,628,800 cubic feet.

d. The net closed storage area requirement insquare feet is found by dividing the storage spacerequirement in cubic feet by 8 feet, the average stackheight. The net closed storage area requirement in3,628,800 cubic feet would be 453,600 square feet.

e. The gross closed storage area requirement forstorage in the communications zone is found by mul-tiplying the net closed storage space by 1.4. Thegross closed storage area requirement in 453,600square feet would be 635,040 square feet.

/. The gross closed storage area requirement forstorage in the combat zone is found by multiplyingthe gross storage area requirement, communicationszone, by 3. The gross closed storage area require-ment for 635,040 square feet would be 1,905,120square feet. (An additional factor of 3 is requiredfor storage in the combat zone.)

g. The net open storage area requirement in squarefeet is found by dividing the storage space require-ment in cubic feet by 6 feet, the average stack height.The net open storage area requirement in 3,628,800cubic feet would be 604,800 square feet.

h. The gross open storage area requirement forstorage in the communications zone is found by mul-tiplying the net open storage area requirement by

44

1.5. The gross storage area requirement in 604,800cubic feet would be 907,200 square feet.

i. The gross open storage area requirement forstorage in the combat zone is found by multiplyingthe net open storage area requirement by 4.5. Thegross open storage area requirement in 604,800 by4.5 would be 2,721,600 square feet.

j. The requirement for refrigeration space is foundby multiplying the number of men by 3.32 cubic feet,the minimum refrigeration space per man. The re-quirement for refrigeration space for 400,000 menwould be 1,328,000 cubic feet.

k. For a refrigeration plant, the minimum floorspace per 100,000 men is 116,200 square feet. There-fore, 116,200 square feet times 4 would give 465,800square feet, the requirement for 400,000 men. For arefrigeration plant the minimum site area per 100,000men is 209,160 square feet. Therefore, 209,160 squarefeet times 4 would give 836,640 square feet, the re-quirement for 400,000 men.

36. TECHNICAL OPERATIONS

a. General. The subsistence depot company ex-pedites the flow of class I items along the supply linewhich extends in the theater of operations from de-barkation ports to the extreme forward areas. Sub-sistence items arriving at the theater or procuredtherein are stored for the most part temporarily inbase depots and are the responsibility of the sub-sistence depot company. The company forwards thesubsistence by operating either as a unit or bysections.

966956--51 1 45

b. Classification of Supplies. The standard clas-sification system of military supplies and the meth-ods of handling each class are explained in FM 10-10.Primarily, the subsistence depot company is con-cerned with operations of the class I section of thearmy or base depot to which it is assigned or at-tached. Class I supplies are items which are con-sumed at an approximately uniform daily rateirrespective of combat operations or terrain, andwhich do not; have to be adapted to meet individualrequirements, such as rations. A ration is the allow-ance of food for one person for one day. Rationcomponents and substitutes are determined by theDepartment of the Army. They are procured andissued by the Quartermaster Corps.

c. Movement of Supplies. Supplies of all classesare usually moved forward to meet operational re-quirements, with all available means of transporta-tion being used.

Section III. SETTING UP AND TAKING DOWN PRE-FABRICATED REFRIGERATORS

37. SETTING-UP OPERATIONS

a. Location. The prefabricated refrigerator mustbe located in the place most suitable for it, where itis handiest to use, and if possible near work tables.Doors should open to an uncrowded area. Althoughavailable space is often limited, a cool location shouldbe chosen whenever possible. Proper ventilationshould be arranged to carry away heat from the con-densing equipment. The unit should not be installednear radiant heat, such as a furnace or warm brick

46

wall. An ambient temperature (temperature sur-rounding equipment) of 100 F. above normal forboth cabinet and condensing unit may increase theheat load and decrease the equipment capacity sothat the operating time increases 25 to 35 percentabove normal.

b. Accessibility. Wherever possible, enough roomfor servicing the refrigerating equipment shouldbe provided. Those parts of the refrigerating equip-ment subject to preventive maintenance should beaccessible.

c. Power. The electric power supply should havethe correct voltage, frequency, phase, and capacity.

d. Drain. A suitable drain should be planned be-fore installation of equipment.

e. Floor or Platform~. The floor or platform mustbe strong enough to support the equipment and haveenough rigidity and mass to minimize vibration. Inestimating floor weights of walk-in refrigerators, afactor of 250 pounds per square foot of floor areamay be used. Floors should be level.

f. Labor Reqlirements. A minimum of six menwill be required to set up a prefabricated refrigera-tor. Floor and side panels can be put up by twomen. Top panels will require four men because ofthe lifting required.

g. Time. Under average conditions a one-compart-ment 35° F., sectional prefabricated refrigerator canbe erected in 2 hours. Units with more than onecompartment will take proportionally longer. Theabove estimate does not allow for concrete work inconnection with the erection of the frozen-food re-frigerator.

47

h. Erection of 35° F. Sectional Prefabricated Re-frigerators.

(1) Place floor sections in position. If neces-sary shim or wedge to make top of skidslevel. If floor consists of two or more sec-tions, seal joint between them with calkingcompound unless gaskets are provided. Useca]king gun supplied with equipment forapplication.

(2) When the floor section is properly laid,erect the side-wall sections and loosely boltthem together. Install inside panels if atwo- or three-compartment unit is beingerected. Tighten side-wall bolts. Lay toppanel in place and then tighten top panel toside panels. Since top panels must be lifted8 to 10 feet in order to place them in posi-tion, workmen must stand on raised plat-form, possibly a truck. While the top andwall sections are being put in place, inspectthe joints for proper alignment and fit. Ifthe erection and assembly is carefully andproperly done, side walls will be plumband the ceiling level. Tighten the boltsenough to compress gaskets in the joints be-tween panels to assure airtight joints. Usecalking compound if gaskets are not pro-vided.

(3) If refrigerator has a ceiling vent to allowrelease of air from interior when door isslammed shut, inspect its gasket for tight-ness and its hinge for freedom of movement.

48

Check door gaskets, lock, and hinges.Adjust handles and fit of doors.

(4) Place thermometer, floor racks, meat racks,meathooks, and shelving in position.

(5) See that interior lights are securely insertedand properly wired to interior switch andpilot light.

(6) Since manufacturer's instructions are fur-nished with refrigerating equipment, therefrigeration mechanics will be guided bythese instructions in making installation ofthe equipment.

(7) Check the final assembly of the unit. Maketest run of refrigerator before putting it inoperation.

i. Erection of Sectional Prefabricated Frozen-Food Refrigerator.

(1) A tight seal for the frozen-food refrigeratoris provided by a concrete bottom constructedon the floor of the structure to be used.

(a) A 2-inch concrete base with adequate sub-base will be placed on the floor of thestructure.

(b) A 4- by 4-inch concrete curb may beplaced around the entire concrete area toprevent excess water from floors beingwashed or from other sources seeping be-tween the refrigerator and the base.Leave a 1/4 -inch space between the refrig-erator and the curb and pour hot asphaltin this space after the concrete is set anddried.

49

(c) Build a form for the outside ramp, ex-tending it from the door sill to the build-ing floor (fig. 6). Place a 2-inch concretefloor slab, extending it from under thedoor to cover the outside ramp. The sillunder the door must be level in orderto obtain a good seal at the bottom ofthe door. Allow the concrete to set andage for at least 1 week with doors openbefore lowering the temperature of therefrigerator and using it to cool food andother products.

(2) Follow refrigeration erection proceduresoutlined in h above.

Gaskets

__~ Door panel

Lap-typedoor Vestibule door

Doorsill2 inch concrete base

floor of building Rmp Caskets

Figure 6. (oncrete base for sectional prefabricatedrefrigerator.

50

(3) Since manufacturer's instructions are fur-nished with refrigerating equipment, therefrigeration mechanics will be guided bythese instructions in making installationof the equipment.

(4) Check the final assembly of the unit. Maketest run of the refrigerator before placingit in operation.

38. WARNING POSTER

An improvised poster or placard, approximately10 by 14 inches, should be placed in the front on anexposed side of the refrigerator. The poster shouldstate that for best refrigeration-

a. Doors should be kept closed.b. Mechanical equipment should be kept free from

obstruction.c. The refrigerator should be cleaned with soap

and water only.d. A company refrigeration specialist should be

notified when adjustment, repair, lubrication, orcleaning of the refrigerator is required.

e. The refrigeration specialist should be notifiedwhen there are unusual noises or vibrations, or whenthe mechanical equipment fails to operate, defrost,or maintain proper temperatures.

39. TAKING-DOWN OPERATIONS

Taking-down operations for prefabricated refrig-erators are the reverse of setting-up operations asgiven in paragraph 37.

51

CHAPTER 6

OPERATION OF THE UNIT

Section I. METHODS OF OPERATING

40. ORGANIZATION OF DEPOT OFFICE

When the subsistence depot company has been des-ignated by higher authority to operate a depot, thefollowing type of organization will normally beestablished:

a. Company-Operated. When the company isassigned to one depot, the platoon headquarters sec-tion of each of the three operating platoons and thatof the depot headquarters platoon may be pooledwith the company headquarters and the office of thedepot commander for operation of the depot office.Utilization of personnel, either as individuals or asplatoons, is at the discretion of the depot commander.

b. Platoon-Operated. If the depot is operated byone platoon, operation of the depot office is the func-tion of the platoon headquarters of the platoon. Thehead of the depot office will normally be the platoonleader in charge of the platoon headquarters.

41. PROCEDURE IN DEPOT OFFICE

a. General. Under the general policies prescribedby higher headquarters the depot commander estab-lishes the procedure for administration and operation

52

of the depot. Using the other commissioned offi-cers of the company as his representatives and dele-gating suitable authority to them, he establisheschannels for the accomplishment of all necessarywork. He issues directives for police and fire pro-tection of the depot, for the employment of depottransportation facilities, for the use of civilian labor,and for all other matters pertaining to the care ofsupplies and to prompt, efficient service by the depot.

b. Ration Requests and Requisitions. The chiefsubsistence specialist assisted by the typist clerk willgenerally take the following steps in processing dailyration requests on the depot and in preparing requisi-tions for stock replenishment:

(1) Ration request.(a) A voucher number will be placed on each

ration request received and the ration re-quest recorded in the requisition controland credit voucher register.

(b) On the basis of the figures shown on theration request, the subsistence specialistwill determine whether the rations re-quested are within prescribed allowancesand whether they are in stock.

(c) The shipping document will be preparedfrom the ration request and a copy will beused as a tally-out by the section involved.

(d) A copy of the ration request will be filedin the suspense file until the request hasbeen filled, whereupon the copy and thesigned original will be filed with the othercompleted requests.

53

(2) Re'quisitions.(a) Outgoing requisitions (or ration requests

inr, the combat zone) will be prepared fromstock replenishment sheets.

(b) A voucher number will be placed on allrequisitions or requests originating in thedepot and the number recorded on a req-uisition register.

(c) The requisition or request will be for-warded to the appropriate headquartersfor filling.

(d) Incoming shipping documents will bechecked against the proper requisitionsor requests that have originated in thedepot.

(e) All completed requisitions or requests willbe filed.

o. Stock Record Procedures. Stock record pro-cedures by the chief subsistence specialist will consistof the following:

(1) Maintenance of debit and credit voucherregisters, as prescribed by the theater com-mander.

(2) Preparation of stock replenishment requestsin the form of ration requests or requisitions.Such requests are prepared at predetermineddates; when stock levels approach the es-tablished minimum; or at the discretion ofthe commander.

(3) Maintenance of back order lists. These arerecords of items and quantities not availablebut on order.

54

(4) Preparation of stock record cards for eachsubsistence item stocked by the depot.

(5) Posting of the stock record cards from alltypes of valid vouchers. These vouchersconsist of shipping documents; inventorysheets; over, short, and damaged reports;survey reports; and any improvised formsused to expedite supply.

42. OPERATION OF STORAGE FACILITIES

a. Company-Operated. When the entire companyis assigned to the operation of a depot, warehouse-men and other personnel may be selected from thefour platoons and pooled for operation of storagefacilities. Use of personnel, either as individualsor as platoons, is at the discretion of the depot com-mander.

b. Platoon-Operated. If the depot is operated byone platoon, operation of storage facilities is thefunction of platoon personnel assigned to this duty.The platoon sergeant will serve as chief warehouse-man (fig. 7).

c. Sectionls.(1) Operation of storage facilities is divided

between the two sections: nonperishable andperishable. The part of the storage facili-ties assigned to each section is in charge ofa designated section sergeant who is thewarehouse foreman. He is assisted by asection assistant and necessary personnel.

(2) The organization of the storage area of allsections should be kept as flexible as pos-

55

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sible so that fluctuating requirements maybe met.

(3) The amount of supplies kept by the perish-able section is limited by refrigerationspace. When ice plants used for the storageof perishables are put in operation at stra-tegic locations, they are usually large-scalefixed installations in buildings erected forthe purpose or found available for suchinstallation. Prefabricated refrigeratorswill be set up as required but their numberis usually limited.

d. Receiving and Warehousing. Receiving andwarehousing personnel (including supply clerks,warehousemen, equipment operators, and checkers)receive, unload, and store supplies stocked by theirsections. Personnel of the nonperishable sectionsshould be thoroughly familiar with open storage pro-cedures.

e. Issue and Distribution. Issue and distributionpersonnel (including supply clerks, warehousemen,equipment operators, and checkers) fill all ration re-quests, do all necessary packing, and supervise theloading of supplies for distribution.

43. WAREHOUSING

Warehousing procedures that have proved usefulin the continental United States will be adapted toconditions in the theater of operations. Many timesa warehouse will be no more than a shack or a tentand dunnage will probably have to be improvised.Wherever possible, existing storage facilities should

57

be used. Basic warehousing methods should be fol-lowed so far as practicable (app. I).

a. Space Layout. Considerable time and effortmust be given to the planning of space layout toachieve maximum efficiency in storing and issuingsupplies. Since cold storage plants represent a con-siderable investment and are expensive to operate,care should be taken to use all available space witheconomy.

(1) Fasi-nmoving items. Fast-moving itemsmust be stored in areas where trips fromstacks to shipping areas will be as short aspossible.

(2) Heavy items. If possible, heavy items, suchas bags of flour or sugar, should be stackedclose to the shipping point. Since suchitems will probably not be stacked high, theyshould be stored, wherever practicable, inlow-ceiling areas. Where items must bestacked high or where there is danger ofcrushing containers, box pallets and dun-nage should be used (fig. 8).

(3) Receiving and shipping area. The receiv-ing and shipping area should be located sothat supplies may be received at the depotwithout interfering with supplies being is-sued at the same time. Provisions shouldbe made in or near the receiving area forsalvage operations or any repacking of sup-plies which may be necessary before storage.Supplies should be moved directly fromcarrier to stack wherever possible.

58

Figure 8. Use of dunnage to support bagged subsistence.

(4) Items subject to pilferage. Small itemsthat may be subject to pilferage must bestored where they can be under constantsurveillance of responsible personnel. Anarea for the storage of such items should belocated near the headquarters of the storagesection and should be laid out so that it canbe guarded at all times. A locked room oran area surrounded by concertina wireshould be used.

59

(5) Dispersion. When subsistence supplies arestored in area subject to enemy attack, theyshould be dispersed as widely as practicable.Supplies distributed over a large area willnot all be destroyed if a bomb strikes. In-dividual items of supply should also bedispersed. It frequently is desirable to es-tablish several separate storage areas, per-haps a mile or more apart, each containinga balanced stock so that one hit will notdestroy the entire supply of any one item.Within each separated subsistence area, sub-sistence in stacks or buildings should be dis-persed, often farther apart than requiredfor ordinary fire prevention.

b. Storage Procedures.(1) Block storage. Subsistence items are

usually stored in blocks. Small items areput in boxes or bins. A block of suppliesis a stack one or more units high, two ormore units deep, and two or more unitswide. A block of supplies is always stackedby rows from the wall to the aisle. Caremust be taken to store new shipments sothat they will not block the issue of sup-plies of the same type previously received.Supplies must be withdrawn from a blockby rows from the aisle toward the wall.They should never be withdrawn fromacross the front of a block (TM 10-250).

(2) Identifcation of stacks. Stacks can beidentified by the use of stack number plates.The stack numbers should measure at least

60

8 inches and the plate should be attachedto the stack or suspended near it.

(3) Classification. Subsistence supplies aresegregated according to class (perishable ornonperishable), type of packaging, expectedrate of issue, and conditions in the storagearea.

(4) Turnover. A rapid turnover of subsistencestock is required with the oldest items to beshipped out first. Every subsistence con-tainer should bear the date on which thecontents were originally packed. This dateshould not be changed to indicate any sub-sequent repacking since it is the only indi-cator of the actual age of the stock.

(5) Inspection of subsistence. Subsistenceitems must be inspected periodically.Periodic inspection or sampling will famil-iarize personnel with items being handled.Those items showing signs of deteriorationshould be issued immediately, salvaged, orcondemned. Reclamation procedures areexplained in AR 30-2220.

(6) Temperatures. The ideal storage temper-ature for canned foods is 40° F. Highertemperatures increase chemical reactionsand reduce quality of the product. Freez-ing of canned products may adversely effectthe texture of the product and distort orburst the container. Lowering temperatureduring storage may retard deterioration ofsubsistence and growth of mold.

966956o--51 5 61

(7) Air circulation. Air circulation to preventthe gathering of mildew and rust on cer-tain items is promoted by proper method ofstacking. When paulins are used, theyshould not cover the bottom third of stacksand, if possible, should be supported so thathumid air is not trapped around cases.

(8) Ventilation. Proper ventilation should beprovided. Items that absorb odors shouldbe segregated from items that give off odors.

(9) Protection against infestation. Protectionagainst infestation may be secured by theuse of extremely high or low temperatures,by the use of sealed packages, and by segre-gation. Infested supplies should be keptaway from those supplies that are free of in-sects. Rodents can be kept out of subsist-ence depots by the use of close-fitting doorsand heavy wire screens. If rates are alreadyin the building, traps should be used.

e. Fire Protection. The improvised type of ware-housing used in a theater of operations requires thatevery precaution be taken to avoid fires. To mini-mize the possibility of fire, regulations must be pro-mulgated and enforced to prohibit or restrict smok-ing. In addition, the following precautions will betaken:

(1) Rubbish and undergrowth will be removedfrom the surrounding area.

(2) The storage area will be kept free of flam-mable materials.

(3) Fire-fighting equipment will be maintainedin usable condition at all times.

62

(4) Flammable storage areas will be kept fromextending into the space kept free fromstorage structures.

44. PLANOGRAPH SYSTEM

a. Description. The planograph system of storagemay be simplified and adapted for subsistence depotsin the theater of operations. This system providesfor dispersion of stocks by the physical division offiller subsistence into groups, each group containingvarious items making up a balanced menu. Forinstance, instead of having a group of 1,000,000 bal-anced rations stored together, there may be fivegroups of 200,000 balanced rations each. The fivegroups are stored and operated separately (A, fig. 9).Groups may be divided into warehouse positions ac-cording to nomenclature. Supplies are arranged sothat position No. 1 in group A will carry the samesupplies as the corresponding position in each othergroup. The actual quantities stored in each positionwill be governed by the size of the positions. Smalllot items should be centrally located and close to atleast two groups. This will provide accessibility tosmall lot items when they are needed to fill shipmentsfrom one or more groups. During temporary lulls,operations in one or more positions can be suspendedand complete menus shipped from the remainingpositions.

b. Records. The planograph system requires theuse of a planograph chart, header cards, and locatorcards.

(1) The planograph chart is a graphic floorplan that indicates the number and location

63

WAREHOUSE NO. 1

(200,11)00 Rations) (200,000 Rations)

Positions Positions2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5

Fruit Vege- Ueans Meats Butter Smal Fruit Vege- Beans Meats ButterJuices tables Cereals Eggs Lots Juices tables Cereals Eggs

Biscuits Misc Biscuits MiscGroup A Group B

(200,000 Rations) WAREHOUSE NO.(2 200,000 Rations)

1 Positions Positions1 2 3 4 5 21 3 4 5

Frit Vege- Beans Meats Butter Small Fruit Vege- Beahs Meats ButterJuices tables Cereals Eggs Lots Juices tables Cereals Eggs

Biscuits Misc Biscuits MiscGroup C Group D

(200,000 Rations)

Positions1 2 3 4 5Fruit Vege Beans Meats ButterJuices tables Cereals Eggs

Biscuitsl IMiscGroup E

A. Grouping of items. B. Floor plan chart.

Figure 9. Planograph system for subsistence warehouse.

64

of pallets in each position of the group.Maximum stock levels for each position maybe determined from this chart. This chartis used by personnel in the storage sectionto plan the placing of subsistence items, torecord movement of stock, and to record va-cant space to be utilized (B, fig. 9).

(2) The header card shows the nomenclature,date received, number of units received andthe location.

(3) The locator card, which is filed behind eachheader card, is prepared for each position.The locator card indicates the actual quan-tity on hand for each position, plus the dateof pack. If the header card indicates fivepositions (locations by warehouse and sec-tion), there will be five locator cards filedbehind it. By studying the locator cards,personnel can determine the positions inwhich incoming shipments should be storedor the positions from which outgoing ship-ments should be taken.

45. STORAGE OF NONPERISHABLE SUPPLIES

The storage of nonperishable subsistence in thetheater of operations will consist of the storage ofsuch items as canned and dehydrated products.Storage precautions for specific items of subsistenceare given in TM 10-250.

a. Covered Storage.(1) Warehouse space must be dry and protected

from rodents and vermin. It may be eitherheated or unheated. Nonperishable subsist-

65

ence keeps best when stored in a cool dryplace. In climates where low temperaturesare common, the use of heated space is de-sirable. While freezing should be avoided,it does not seriously injure most items. Suchheated space as is available should be usedfirst in the storage of goods of high watercontent preserved in glass and in cans. Forexample, containers of food, such as cher-ries, lima beans, and string beans, are likelyto burst if the contents expand in freezing.To avoid freezing, heat should be providedbefore the inside temperature drops to28 ° F.

(2) Items will be arranged to facilitate theirreceipt, protection from deterioration, re-packaging if necessary, and issue. Theaverage stack height in closed storage is 8feet..

(3) Items, such as beans, infested by weevils,infested dried fruits, and products with dryrot will be removed immediately from thewarehouse to avoid infestation of regularstocks.

(4) Containers that have been opened and thecontents partly removed will be stored in alocked room or fenced-off area where pil-ferage will not occur. All sensitive itemswill be kept in a locked room.

(5) Where covered storage with floors is beingused, safe floor loads must be considered.Where the floor load is doubtful, a compe-tent engineer will be consulted to establishfloor load capacity. Floors having a safe

66

load capacity of 250 pounds per square footwill usually support with safety the opera-tion of loaded fork lift trucks whose ca-pacity does not exceed 4,000 pounds. Thefloor space adjacent to aisles over whichthe trucks travel will not be loaded beyondits rated safety load and no other concen-trated loads will be permitted in aisles whenthe trucks are operating.

(6) Use of every cubic foot of available coveredstorage space is mandatory in the theaterof operations. Since covered storage spacewill usually be inadequate, placing supplieswithin the depot area should be carefullyconsidered.

(7) All sacked items should be palletized anddunnage used between layers to decreasesettling of the stack. Dunnage spacedevenly between layers also aids in countingsacks (fig. 8).

b. Open Storage.(1) In open storage, supplies will be stacked

just as carefully as in closed storage. Activeitems will be stored near the loading point.Items in great quantity should be dispersed(par. 43a(5)). The average stack heightfor outdoor storage is 6 feet. Rectangularstacks which are to be covered with paulinsshould be built with sloping tops so thatprecipitation will drain off.

(2) Dunnage may be made of lumber, logs, rail-road ties, pallets, or steel matting. Bamboo,coral, or other suitable materials may also

be used. Because of its porous nature, coralmakes an excellent surfacing material forsupply sites. However, since supplies putdirectly upon coral will absorb moisture,coral should never be used as a substitute fordunnage. A combination of coral and dun-nage is required for maximum protection ofsupplies.

(3) Wrecked and demolished buildings aresources of lumber for dunnage purposes.New lumber can sometimes be obtained whensupply vessels unload dunnage which hasserved its purpose.

(4) In emergencies boxes and crates can beplaced under subsistence items in order tokeel) supplies off the ground.

(5) Crated items can often be stacked for a shorttime on 2 by 4's, or 2 by 6's, logs, or othersupports when the ground is firm or theload is light enough. However, if itemsare to be stacked for a long time, better dun-nage is necessary.

(6) Salvaged airplane landing mats laid onlogs make excellent dunnage since they arelightweight, rigid, and durable.

(7) Prefabricated dunnages can be prepared inadvance, moved easily from place to place,and used countless times.

(8) If dunnage can be laid out and built beforethe arrival of subsistence supplies, suchsupplies can be received handled, and storedin a more orderly fashion. Containers canbe placed on the platforms without restack-ing.

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46. STORAGE OF PERISHABLE SUPPLIES

a. General. More than one-half of the field ra-tion A, which includes such perishables as fresh orfrozen meats, vegetables, and fruits, is of a perishablenature. The subsistence depot company will receive,store, and issue perishables included in the field ra-tion A under stable conditions and in static phasesof military operations when refrigeration for thepreservation of perishables is available. Perishablesare usually available in the base section of operationsbut are furnished troops in forward areas as combatconditions permit. Perishables are obtained locallyor bIy shipment from the continental United States.For purposes of Army classification only items be-longing to the following groups are called perish-ables: meat and meat products; fish and other waterfood products; poultry, eggs, and dairy products;fresh fruits and vegetables; and prefrozen foods.Refrigeration facilities must be properly designedand properly operated to prevent or minimize spoil-age and deterioration. Since space for refrigerateditems is difficult to get in a theater of operations,full use of the floor space is essential (SR 30-20-10).

b. Cold Storage Plants.(1) Cold storage plants operated by the sub-

sistence depot company in the theater ofoperations with assistance of T/O&E10-500 units will consist of rehabilitatedplants in the theater of operations, civilianstorage plants converted to Army use, andprefabricated refrigerators. Rehabilitatedor converted fixed refrigeration plants, whenavailable, will usually consist of four or

966956--51 6 69

more rooms, each designed for a definitepurpose:

(a) A frozen products room operated at amaximum of 100 F. for the storage of allfrozen items.

(b) A room operated at 300 to 320 F. forthe storage of fresh carcass meat, smokedmeats, and other meat products.

(c) A room operated at 35 ° F. for shell eggsand dairy products.

(d) A room operated at 350 to 38° F. forfresh fruits and vegetables. In addition,at the larger installations there is pro-vided a room, which may be carried at40 ° F. by means of refrigeration or byventilation, for fruits and vegetables thatare less perishable and that can be carriedsafely for a limited period at a highertemperature.

(2) For storage procedures in cold storageplants see SR 30-20-10.

c. Prefabri:cated Refrigerators.(1) The frozen food prefabricated refrigerator,

when required, will be used to store pre-frozen foods at a maximum temperature of100° F.

(2) Prefabricated sectional refrigerators comein one-, two-, and three-unit sizes and areused for storage of perishables at a maxi-mum temperature of 35 ° F.

(3) Food will be arranged the same as in thelarger fixed installations. By placing thefood in compartments contamination isavoided.

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(4) When only two prefabricated refrigeratorsor compartments are available for storageof all perishables, storage may be plannedas follows: One refrigerator or compart-ment can be used for eggs; dairy products,fresh meats, and items with little odor. Theother can be used for fresh fruits, vegetables,and items with distinct flavor or odor.Products in sealed containers can be put ineither compartment.

(5) Where only one prefabricated refrigeratorfor storage of all perishables is available,the box should be divided into two sectionsand the system described in (4) above used.

(6) Where the net storage capacity is 1,000 cubicfeet and over, the prefabricated refrigera-tors may be put in a line on a raised coveredplatform with adequate space for maneuver-ing vehicles. If raised foundation or plat-form is constructed, the refrigerator plat-form can be brought to the same height asa truck bed and loading and unloadingoperations speeded up. A roof over the re-frigerators keeps the sun off the equipmentand makes possible lower operating tem-peratures. If the eaves are extended on allsides, personnel and equipment will be betterprotected.

d. Temperature Testing. The section sergeantwill take three readings daily on thermometers ineach storage room or compartment. One readingwill be taken at the beginning of the day's operations,another at midday, and the final one at the close ofthe day's operations. If possible, rehabilitated or

71

converted refrigeration plants should be furnishedwith two indicating thermometers in each room. Theprefabricated refrigerators are equipped with athermometer :in each compartment. Required tem-peratures and a list of items which will be stored atthese temperatures should be posted conspicuouslyoutside each refrigerated room.

e. Weighing Suppplies. Two 300-pound platformw\eighing scales are provided the perishable sectionof the depot headquarters platdon of the company.Also each perishable section of each of the threeoperating platoons is provided with two similarscales. The scales, which are to be maintained ingood working condition, are used at the refrigerationplant for test;-weighing supplies received and forweighing out small issue orders.

f. Safety Precautioms. Safety precautions forstorage operations outlined in SR 30-20-10 will befollowed.

g. LFefrosting. Refrigerating equipment will bedefrosted when necessary according to manufac-turer's instructions. Normally, a semiautomatic de-frosting device will be furnished with the prefabri-cated refrigeration equipment. Ice formed on anyequipment will never be removed by hammering orwith an ice pick, since serious damage to the equip-ment may result.

h. Sanitation.(1) Personnel will remove all filth or trash at

frequent intervals. Refrigeration unitswill be kept thoroughly clean at all times.The use of smoking or chewing tobaccoshould not be permitted within cold storagefacil ties.

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(2) The section sergeant will examine all foodsfor condition and sanitation as received orissued. Foods which are contaminated orwhich because of deterioration, defrosting,or other causes are unsafe for consumptionwill be examined by medical personnel des-ignated by higher headquarters.

i. Open Storage Sheds. When required, fruits andvegetables can be stored quite successfully in open-sided sheds for varying lengths of time in mostclimates. Where refrigerating space is limited, fulluse of open storage of perishables should be made.

47. PACKING AND CRATING

The subsistence depot company will usually be re-quired to operate a packing and crating shop. Equip-ment may include power and hand tools. The shopshould be near the principal loading point and, ifpossible, near the food items expected to require themost packing, repacking, or crating. The extent ofpacking necessary for supplies procured locally isdependent upon their nature, the time they are to bekept in storage, and the manner in which they areto be shipped (app. I, par. 6).

48. LOADING AND UNLOADING

a. Labor Estimate. Although service troops, pris-oners of war, and civilian labor usually will be avail-able at subsistence depots, personnel of the companymust know how to load and unload trucks and rail-way cars efficiently. The maximum number of menthat may be used to advantage in loading or unload-ing one freight car is five (one checker-operator and

73

four laborers). The maximum crew for loading orunloading average loads by hand on Army trucksis five men (one working foreman and four laborers).The maximum number of men required to load orunload one freight car or truck of palletized suppliesusing mechanical handling equipment is three (oneworking foreman and two materials handling equip-ment operators).

b. Time Estimates.(1) Under average conditions, the time estimate

for average packaged or bundled loads atsubsistence depots, using a 5-man crew foreach truck or trailer, is as follows:

Loading and unloading 2¼6-ton truck 1-ton trailer

Average time ------- 50 min___ 20 min.Minimum time_ ____ 30 min___ 12 min.

(2) For basic loads, under field conditions,where the amount of labor available isunlimited:

Day Night

Unloading --------- 15 main____ 30 min.Loading ----------- 30 min --- 60 min.

49. LABOR

Labor requirements for planning purposes whenhandling subsistence supplies by hand are computedon the average of 4 tons a day per man. For shortperiods, the average is much higher.

a. Service Troops.(1) Upon the request of the depot commander,

service troops are furnished for labor re-quirements. In the communications zonenondivisional service troops are providedby the section commander in which the

74

depot is located. In the combat zone non-divisional service troops are provided byhigher headquarters.

(2) Since service troops are trained in workingunits, their work will be most efficient whenthe units are kept intact. Men of eachsquad, for example, work best under theirown leader, each man knowing from ex-perience his particular assignment in thegroup.

b. Civilian Labor.(1) Civilian labor for the operation of subsist-

ence depots in allied or neutral countries isobtained voluntarily for the Army throughexisting national or local governmentsources. In enemy countries, labor may berequisitioned.

(2) All civilian labor, enemy or otherwise, mustbe paid regularly. The depot will have theinitial responsibility of keeping records.Records should contain the names, ad-dresses, classification, dates and hoursworked, wages, rates, and any other requiredinformation. Rates of pay are determinedby higher headquarters.

(3) Minimum and maximum hours of duty forcivilian employees in a theater of operationwill be announced by higher headquarters.

(4) Depot installations must be made safeagainst pilferage by civilian workers. Ade-quate measures to protect subsistence itemswhen being checked, stored, and packedmust be established and enforced.

75

(5) If required, provision should be made fortraining civilian labor in the work it is ex-pected to do.

(6) Civilian leaders should be designated andfully informed as to the duty to be per-formed. They in turn can supervise theircrews. Periodic checks will be made bycompany depot personnel.

e. Prisoner-of-War Labor. Prisoner-of-war labormay be employed in the depot in accordance withthe provisions of the Geneva convention (TM 19-500).

50. OPERATING SHIFTS

With an ample labor supply the subsistence depotmay be operated on a daily schedule of three 8-hourshifts. If the labor supply is small, the depot maybe operated on a daily schedule of two 12-hour shifts.The depot may be operated on a daily schedule oftwo shifts, providing a 16-hour work day for shift1 and an 8-hour work day for shift 2 on alternatedays and an 8-lhour work day for each shift on weekends. The weekly schedule should be alternated,shift 1 starting at 0001 hour on one Monday and shift2 starting at 0001 hour the next Monday. The sched-ule is as follows:

Shifts

HoursMon- Tues- Wed- Thurs- Fri- Satur- Sun-day day nesday day day day day

0001-0800 __---.. 1 2 1 2 1 2 10800-1600 __-..2 1 2 1 2 1 21600-2400 -_____.. 1 2 1 2 1 ___.__.___

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51. PERSONNEL FOR SHIFTS

Personnel qualifications are always the basis forplanning shifts. Since qualifications differ widely,the following plan for distribution of personnel is arecommendation only. When the subsistence depotcompany is to operate around the clock on a scheduleof two shifts (par. 50) or on a schedule of two 12-hour shifts, personnel affected by shifts may be dis-tributed as follows:

a. Company Headquarters. The executive officer,first sergeant, mess steward, motor sergeant, armorer,and bugler and messenger should perform their dutieson a schedule conforming to prevailing conditions.Other personnel may be scheduled on shifts asfollows:

Personnel Shift 1 Shift 2

Cook No. 1 ..--- --. ......-------. -- x --Cook No. 2 -------------------.----------------- xCook No. 3-- ----- xCook No. 4-----------X--------Cook No. 5---- .-- - - - -- - - - -- - - - xCook No. 6 -------..----- -- xSupply sergeant -------.------..... xSupply assistant -------------- xCompany administrative clerk - . ............ xAdministrative personnel corporal ----------- xWheel-vehicle mechanic No. 1 .-.......... xWheel-vehicle mechanic No. 2 -------------- xWheel-vehicle mechanic No. 3-------------- xWheel-vehicle mechanic No. 4 ----- ---- ----- x

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b. Depot Headquarters Platoon. Personnel of theplatoon headquarters should perform their duties ona schedule conforming to prevailing conditions. Per-sonnel of the sections may be put on shifts as follows:

Personnel Shift I Shift 2

Nonperishable section:Section sergeant ---------------------- xSection assistant -..................... xChecker No. 1----------------------- xChecker No. 2--- -------------------- xChecker No. 3-------....------------.. xChecker No. 4 - - x

Supply clerk No. 1-------------------- xSupply clerk No. 2-------------------- xSupply clerk No. 3-------------------- ---- xFork lift operator No. 1 -------------- xFork lift operator No. 2 ------------- xWarehouseman No. 1 ----------------- xWarehouseman No. 2 ----------------- xWarehouseman No. 3 .........--..... xWarehousemnan No. 4 -------------------- 1 - x

Perishable section:Section sergeant ----------- --------- xSection assistant------- -------- xChecker No. 1 ------------------------ x

Checker No. 2 ---------------------- x

Refrigeration mechanic -------------- xSupply clerk ..............--....... xFork lift operator ------------------- xWarehouserman No. 1 -------------- xWarehouserman No. 2 ------------------ x

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c. Operation Platoons. Personnel of the platoonheadquarters should perform their duties on a sched-ule conforming to prevailing conditions. Personnelof the sections may be put on shifts as follows:

Personnel Shift 1 Shift 2

Nonperishable sections:Section chief ------------ _---------- x _Section assistant --.------------------- xChecker No. 1 ------------------- - xChecker No. 2 ----------------------- xChecker No. 3 ----------- xChecker No. 4 --------------------------- xSupply clerk No. 1 --------------- x -Supply clerk No. 2 .......-.......... xSupply clerk No.: 3 - - xFork lift operator No. 1 --------------- xFork lift operator No. 2 ---------------- xWarehouseman No. 1 -------------- xWarehouseman No. 2 -------------- xWarehouseman No. 3 .... _ ....---_-. xWarehouseman No. 4 - - x

Perishable sections:Section chief -------------------------- xSection assistant ----.---------------------- xChecker No. 1 ______________________- x ------Checker No. 2 --___________________________- xRefrigeration mechanic ------------- xSupply clerk --------------------------.... xFork lift operator - .--. ...---------- xWarehouseman No. 1 --------------- xWarehouseman No. 2 --- _------- --_----- x

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52. DEPOT TRAFFIC CONTROL

a. Responsibility. Necessary traffic regulations inthe depot area are issued by the depot commanderor by the officer designated by him as traffic controlofficer.

b. One-Way Traffic. One-way traffic through thedepot area should be required whenever possible.

e. Adequate Signs. Signs pointing toward thedepot should be posted throughout the surroundingcountry for the direction of vehicle drivers travelingto the depot. In the depot itself an adequate numberof signs should be erected to direct traffic to all depotareas, to designate one-way roads, to establish speedlimits, and in all other ways to contribute to thesmooth flow of traffic into, through, and out of thedepot. In addition, warehouses, bays, and all otherstorage areas should be clearly marked.

d. Assignment of Guides. One or more guidesmay be assigned to each group of trucks arriving atthe depot as part of the traffic control plan. Theguides will stay with the trucks until they leave thedepot. Drivers of trucks will be directed by theguides to all loading or unloading points.

e. Traffic Plan. A traffic plan in graphic formusually will be provided each guide and all militarypolice assigned to traffic control. The plan willenable personnel to direct all vehicles to the properarea.

f. Parking Areas. Parking areas provided out-side the depot area will lessen the traffic burden andreduce traffic jams. A plan to move trucks fromthe parking area to the loading and unloading areasshould be developed by the traffic control personnel.

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53. NIGHT OPERATION

At the subsistence depot, night operations may berequired in order to handle incoming supplies andease the burden of daytime operations. Night op-erations are scheduled particularly in forward areasto avoid hostile aerial observation. The receipt,storage, and issue of supplies at night will be care-fully planned and executed so that speed and ac-curacy will be achieved. The company is providedwith a 5-kilowatt electric lighting equipment set No.4. The platoon headquarters of the depot head-quarters platoon and each platoon headquarters ofthe three operating platoons are provided with aportable, construction floodlight equipment set No. 2.The floodlight set will be used in outdoor operationswhen local security conditions permit. Gasolinelanterns also may be used for night operations.Additional lighting equipment is requisitionedthrough prescribed channels.

54. STOCK CONTROL PROCEDURE

a. general. Excess stocks waste shipping and stor-age space. Adequate records of physical stocks mustbe maintained by the subsistence depot company toplace food items in the hands of troops. Accurateinventories are essential to control the flow of sub-sistence items through the depot.

b. Stock Levels. Stock levels must be stated ac-curately by subsistence depot records so that replen-ishment action may be taken. Stock levels are statedin total amounts of each item in units of issue, suchas: each, can, pound, case, or basket. To guardagainst disruption of supply lines from the conlmu-

966956 -51 7 81

nications zone, an army depot normally keeps enoughreserve stock of class I items for a 10-day period ofoperations based on the army's consumption rate.

Section II. RECEIVING AND ISSUING SUBSISTENCESUPPLIES

55. SOURCES OF SUBSISTENCE

a. Communications Zone. When attached toheadquarters and headquarters company, quarter-master base depot (par. 4), the subsistence companywill receive, store, and issue subsistence supplies ob-tained by the depot from the continental UnitedStates, from allied and neutral countries, and fromlocal sources.

b. Combat Zone. When assigned or attached toheadquarters and headquarters detachment, quarter-master battalion (par. 4), the subsistence depot com-pany will receive, store, and issue subsistence suppliesreceived from communications zone issue depots andpossibly from local sources.

56. RECEIVING SUBSISTENCE

a. Before Receipt. Certain preliminary stepsshould be taken before the arrival of a shipment ofsubsistence supplies at the depot so that there will beno delay in receiving the supplies. The exact proce-dure is at the discretion of the depot commanderbut in general the following steps are necessary:

(1) When the company is operating as a unit,the platoon leader of the depot headquartersplatoon will request information concerning

82

incoming shipments from the subsistencewarrant officer, who usually! serves as trans-portation officer for the depot. The sub-sistence warrant officer receives informationregarding incoming shipments from thetransportation officer in the communicationszone or army area. This informationusually includes the number and content ofrailroad cars, trucks, or ships expected; theidentification numbers of each rail car; andthe names and identification numbers ofships.

(2) When the platoons are operating separately,the platoon leader in charge of the operat-ing platoon concerned will request informa-tion regarding incoming shipments fromthe transportation officer in the communica-tions zone or army area.

(3) The transportation officer of the depot (thesubsistence warrant officer or the platoonleader, as the case may be) will have the railcars or trucks spotted for unloading.

(4) The platoon leader plans the future opera-tions. He assigns warehouse storage space,requisitions additional labor if required,and notifies all personnel who are to takepart in the operation. The platoon sergeantor sergeants and assistants who are to re-ceive the supplies will be notified so thatthey may be ready for the unloading.

b. At Receipt. For planning purposes, the fol-lowing steps may be considered as general procedureto be carried out when the shipment arrives:

83

(1) Subsistence items are unloaded from thecarrier, inspected, and checked againstshipping documents.

(2) Items are put in storage.(3) Items are tallied in on shipping documents

(or additional tallies, if necessary) at ware-houses or storage areas.

(4) The location of subsistence supplies is in-dicated on the master locator chart (par.63).

(5) Stock record cards are posted to indicate re-ceipl; and location of supplies (par. 60j).Tally-in figures on shipping documentsserve as authority for posting stock recordcards.

57. CHECKING SUBSISTENCE

a. Incoming Items. Accurate checking of incom-ing subsistence items is possible only when each ship-ment is checked immediately upon receipt. If theflow of items permits, the check should be made asfollows:

(1) When items are unloaded from the carrier.(2) When the items are stored. This check is

unnecessary if supplies are transferred tostorage direct from the carrier.

b. Oustgoing Items. Outgoing class I items aregiven a final check immediately before they leavethe depot. A check made too long before a shipmentleaves may not agree with the actual quantity orquality of supplies issued.

84

58. ISSUING SUBSISTENCE

a. ConmTu nnications Zone. In the-communicationszone, the subsistence depot company issues class Iitems to units designated by higher headquarters.Items may be issued to a supply point within thecommunications zone for issue to troops.

b. Combat Zone. In the combat zone, the subsis-tence depot company normally issues class I suppliesto army class I supply points operated by quarter-master subsistence supply companies. The subsis-tence depot company may issue class I supplies todivisions, to corps, to army, to separate battalions,and to air force units.

c. Procedure. The procedure for issuing subsist-ence supplies in either the communications zone orcombat zone is at the discretion of the depot com-mander but may be as follows:

(1) When the requisition or ration request ar-rives at the depot it is checked for avail-ability of items by the chief subsistencespecialist if the company is operating as aunit. The request is checked by the platoonsergeant if the platoon is operating sep-arately.

(2) If the company is operating as a unit, theapproved ration request is sent to the pla-toon headquarters of the depot headquartersplatoon. If the platoon is operating sep-arately, the ration request is sent by the pla-toon sergeant to the appropriate section, orbroken down into perishable and nonperish-

85

able items at platoon headquarters and thelists forwarded to the appropriate section.

(3) The items to be issued are checked.(4) Shipping documents are prepared at the

office of the depot commander if the com-pany is operating as a unit or at a platoonheadquarters if the company is operatingseparately. If a representative of the re-ceiving unit is present, he signs the shippingdocuments certifying to the receipt of theitems. Any adjustment due to menu changesshould be shown on the shipping papers.All shipping documents and menus areshipped forward with the subsistence.

(5) Stock record cards are posted to indicatethe issue of items.

(6) Records'in the depot stock locator are ad-justed to take account of items issued.

a. Posting Guards. Railroad cars should be sealedand windows nailed closed. In order to protect box-cars against pilferage of subsistence items, guardsmust be posted to ride on the cars. Arrangementsshould be through the Provost Marshal for the as-signment of military police to this duty.

59. PROPERTY ACCOUNTING

Property accounting procedures which apply tothe subsistence depot company are outlined by thetheater commander and complied with by the depot.Applicable :Department of the Army doctrine in re-gard to stock control and property accounting willbe found in the references listed in appendix I.

86

Section III. RECORDS AND REPORTS

60. FILING OF INTERNAL RECORDS

Processing of papers at a depot operated by thesubsistence depot company is kept to a minimum inorder to expedite the receipt, storage, and issue ofsupplies. The office of the depot commander or pla-toon headquarters when the platoon is operating sep-arately will be responsible for keeping the followingdocument files, as required by operations:

a. Due-In Documient File. The due-in documentfile, which is kept by the company, must be referredto in order to find out whether an item or items thatare due-in will be available or nonavailable whenshipment is made. Documents kept in the due-indocument file may be letters, requisitions, purchaseorders, teletype messages, back order lists, car arrivalreports, contracts, vendor's or Army shipping docu-ments, reports of shipments, or similar papers. Thedue-in register (DA AGO Form R-5614) indicatesitems due-in with expected delivery dates and willbe kept with the due-in document file (fig. 10).

b. Debit Voucher File. The debit voucher filecontains records of incoming shipments. Includedin the file may be shipping documents and otherrelated papers. A master debit voucher register(WD AGO Form R-5174) and debit voucher assign-ment register (WD AGO Form R-5173) should bemaintained with the debit voucher file (figs. 11and 12).

c. Unserviceable Property File. The unservice-able property file is maintained by the company for

87

DD-DOC0I00IIIENT FESODiDEPOT -55

DoumDeot Date :ontrot N. Conslmr to orIdentlication Rec'd Shipping Order l. ERarkNuber Purfhase Order l.

Delivery Order No.

63Zi Ihr 0. - 5 s2d B&~e Depot Picklele, swat

6322 3 ar ?.0.w68L-0 52d a..e Depot Macaonl. dry

mD O *0 F= | -56U1+|1Juldury 50

Figure 10. Due-in document register.

MLITN. DXBIMCUC EldlS71;IeDs Q 5s

OouIr Dte .cel.ion Docunt Conliu.or 1rk.Ulubtr poeted :dettrltio Ihte

3131 3 Ju A.S..D. 8131 53d 0Ce D0,0 t WP, frh

3132 L3 P.0. 162d .2d B.. D.ot ?Uat . oed ltO. 10

3677 17 Jon A.5.D. 5431 42 Be. Dep0t DbtOo". c0d. No. 10

3160 17 Ju A.2.0 5326_11 63d .y Ot O-tiont idlidOl. efot

3169 13 Jn A.S D. 532 63d B.. Depot Muti-om Oiido, aot

e vss R.. R-511s 25 stn,--r IdMS

Figure 11. Master debit voucher register.

88

DEBIT VOU B5' B 3INGBNT REICISTE

VOuchefr ht D ocEnt V_ 4r D e. B ~t 0ntNobe r A., Identrifc.at on Rnrks hNem.br is identificalton

30.6 2 J-, . BB. . o .., . ,43L&4 2 Jn A,.D. 255 9 4 , c .d31z7 2 Jun x., .D. 4550D-

TD L&C Torn 5. R-5173 25 Sptetmbr 1945

Figure 12. Debit voucher assignment register.

the listing of items that cannot be used by the depot.The items may be either reclaimed, salvaged, ordestroyed.

d. Credit Voucher File. The credit voucher,which contains records of outgoing shipments, con-sists of a daily ration request file. Included in thisfile may be copies of ration requests for subsistencesupplies from units being served, copies of reportsof strength, purchase requests, notices of delayeditems, notices of nonavailability, shipping documents,and allied papers. A requisition control and creditvoucher register (WD AGO Form R-5175) shouldbe maintained (fig. 13). Upon receipt of a rationrequest, the document will be registered and assigneda voucher number.

966956°-51 8 89

t tio n t0 D.o . a od 1et. of at1. fr

zaon ul d bet m ita ined ina t hI e

7238 S , 3-hot3 R,-3t0 6i70 A t ottJ i J 23 X 23 J

4723 1.56-76 tt S 1 JC t t n a 30 1Atn

7in 30css6aMa san qan tti sta o

726 1-1 p 6379u9t J 23 Jan .

i nD jO 3 ton -e. So 945

Figure I13. Requisition control and credit voucer register.

e. Prope nty Audit File. The property audit filewhich includes shipping documents is required bythe company when operating in the communicationszone. The documents should be maintained in thesame sequence as requisition files and segregated byconsignee for purposes of audit.

f. Shortage Report File. A report file is requiredwhen quantities of subsistence supplies received arein excess of or less than quantities stated on shippingdocuments. Copies of shipping documents and re-lated papers must be kept in this file.

g. Inventory Adjustment Report Voucher File.The inventory adjustment report voucher file containsthe inventory adjustment report when its use is re-

90

quired in the communications zone. Overages andshortages are shown on the report. An inventoryadjustment report voucher register may be preparedto list identification numbers. A number will be usedfor each inventory adjustment report prepared.

h. Due-Out Suspense File. The due-out suspensefile which is maintained by the company containsdocuments which are filed pending the filling of therequisitions.

i. Locator File. In order to establish an accuraterecord of location of every item, a locator file shouldbe established. This file should show location ofitem (fig. 9) by warehouse, section, bay, row, or boxpallet (TM 10-250). Such other information as re-quired may be added in this file.

j. Stock Record Card File. A stock record cardfile for each subsistence item must be maintained inplatoon headquarters. WD AGO Form 10-110 orsimilar form should be used. The stock record cardfile, the locator cards (i above), and a master locatorchart (par. 63) are the basic records used to locateand account for subsistence supplies.

61. SHIPPING DOCUMENTS

A sample shipping document control register foruse by the subsistence depot company is shown infigure 14. Improvised records for controlling theselecting, packing, and assembling of shipments maybe used in the perishable and nonperishable sectionsas required (TM 38-705).

91

SIPPINiG DCUMT CONTROL MIsrE1RDEPOT: "55

Vouhter lb. Additi e I Do ete to h Bts I RSlb ... S'd ASS Cator ShRWI

11534 ? J 7 Jun 12 Jun d1 .d4l2U11535 4.5 7 JO ? Jun 3 Jun_ n

1587 E: Jan J1. J- 2 4. d^Ly

14591 S. Jun 9 J. JJ

D IGO Fon R-51771 25 S pt.ber 1915

Figure 14. Shipping document control register.

62. REPORTS TO HIGHER HEADQUARTERS

The types of reports required of the subsistencedepot company are normally prescribed by headquar-ters of army or communications zone section.Usually, the company may be expected to preparemiscellaneous reports as follows:

a. Stock Status Report. A stock status report (fig.15) is prepared by the company and submitted toarmy or communications zone periodically as pre-scribed. Information on the stock status reportincludes but need not be limited to balances on hand,issues, dues-in, and dues-out.

b. Toninage Sw.nmamry. A tonnage summary isusually prepared on a monthly basis. This sum-mary should cover receipt, issues, stock reware-

92

STATUS RSPORT

(REORT OF CLASS I SUPPLISS)

To . aupply Foit 607

P"- '6t =; 17); /MI?oN HAm)D fCESVfl

I.lb MIIT "LST SINCE LST TOTAL ISSUED N RARl DRZPUmT REPO(RT

vR.ElE ..-f / s , ,1iS s, 300 5 l5 4, bso 7, ,/S

7.A C- ,. 0 ,'oo qoo I, So

pab, Ir-/ .7C

Figure 15. Status report.

housed, and balance on hand in terms of tons. Atonnage summary reflects the over-all activities of

the depot and is used as a basis for future operations.

The summary may be prepared on tonnage handled

93

by rail, truck, barge, air, or other methods. It maybe submitted. to higher headquarters.

c. Storage Data. Periodically, storage data is pre-pared, indicating the amount and kind of storagespace occupied and tfie amount and kind of storagespace available. Space for perishable storage isusually calculated separately. However, refriger-ated space is usually calculated when the storagedata is prepared.

d. Perishable Report. In general, the perishablesreport takes the form of a status report. The reportis submitted as often as required by higher head-quarters.

e. Work Output Summary. A work output sum-mary is usually compiled by the company in orderto show the progress being made. The summaryshould show the categories of labor, for example:military, civilian, prisoners of war, etc., and the ton-nage received, issued, rewarehoused and the totaltonnage and total manhours. The summary mayreflect average work accomplished per man.

63. MASTER LOCATOR CHART

A master locator chart or diagram should be setup for the subsistence depot company. The chartshould record the space layout and include the size,shape, and location of all storage areas. Identifyingsymbols should be assigned to all areas (fig. 16).

94

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wl . LI 11 i I I 11 11 11 11 11 11\ i ff

co ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Ng _L

5 O

_ _ _ _ t~lLI<M r CXi d i\Ec~~~~

9 i~~~~~~~~~~~9

Section IV. OPENING-UP, TAKING-OVER, ANDCLOSING-OUT OPERATIONS

64. OPENING-UP OPERATIONS

The depot commander on opening up operationsof a subsistence depot will-

a. Select a site for operations, including an ade-quate bivouac site or quarters for personnel.

b. Work out the standing operating procedure forthe new mission.

c. Establish sanitary, security, fire protection, andcamouflage measures for the depot.

d. Arrange for communication facilities withhigher headquarters.

e. Obtain general information about the units tobe served.

f. Notify higher headquarters and units whichare to be served when operations are ready to begin.

65. TAKING-OVER OPERATIONS

The depot commander on taking over the opera-tions of a depot will-

a. Acquaint himself with the mission and standingoperating procedure of the depot.

b. Check security, fire protection, and camouflagemeasures established for the depot.

c. Establish contacts with higher headquarters andcommanders of receiving units.

d. Check inventory against property, equipment,and supplies.

e. Secure transfer of unit funds.f. Check roster against the table of organization.g. Check morning report against the roster.

96

66. CLOSING-OUT OPERATIONS

The depot commander on closing out the opera-tions of a subsistence depot will-

a. Comply with orders from higher headquarters.b. Notify higher headquarters of the exact time

when operations will stop in the area and of theapproximate time when operations will begin in thenewly designated area.

c. Prepare a plan for movement by rail or truckand instruct company personnel in its provisions.

d. See that all equipment is loaded properly.e. See that latrines are closed and that the area

is thoroughly policed.

Section V. OPERATING UNDER UNUSUALCONDITIONS

67. ARCTIC

The subsistence depot company may have the re-sponsibility of maintaining large storage areas atarctic base camps. Enough supply reserves to with-stand a minimum of 6 months without delivery arerecommended for these camps. Rations will usuallybe as compact and light as possible. The generalprinciples of storage as practiced in the temperatezone are applied as much as possible to arctic storage.Since transportation space is usually limited, use ofdried or dehydrated foods is required.

a. Location of Depot. The subsistence depot willbe located as close as practicable to using troops.Provision for adequate transportation, drainage, dis-persion, and accessibility must be made in planningthe location of the depot.

97

b. Closed Storage. When operating at an arcticbase, the subsistence depot company will use closedstorage facilities as much as possible.

(1) Cooler room. The cooler storage room,which provides protection for perishables,should be maintained at a temperature of35° to 40 ° F. When sudden and extremelylow temperature changes occur, provisionfor heating the room should be made.

(2) Freezer room. The freezer storage room,which is used for the storage of all frozenfoods, should be maintained at a tempera-ture of 10° F. When bread is received, itmay be stored in the freezer storage roomfor not over 2 to 3 months.

(3) Heated room. The heated storage room,which provides storage for fresh foods, suchas potatoes, onions, and most leafy vege-tables, during low-temperature periodsshould be kept at a temperature above freez-ing. Whenever space is available, cannedgoods, milk, and fruit juice must be pro-tected against freezing by being stored inthe heated storage room.

(4) Dugout. In areas south of the permafrostarea (areas of permanently frozen groundbeneath the surface of the earth) a rationdugout may be excavated. This type ofstorage facility is similar to a root cellar andmay be used for the storage of fresh perish-ables. The entrance to the dugout shouldbe protected by a shed to prevent blockageby snow during the winter.

98

c. Open Storage. Open storage may be used forthe storage of combat and operational types of ra-tions when heated space is not available. The caseswill be put on dunnage and protected by tent fly orpaulin covers if practicable. The covers should befirmly lashed or secured with stakes and guy linesto prevent them from being torn loose in storms. Ifthe area is subject to seasonal thaw, drainage ditchesshould be dug around open storage stacks before theground freezes. These ditches are laid out in such away as to remove any surface water resulting frommelting ice or snow. The following subsistence itemsdo not deteriorate in extreme cold: bread, meat, meatproducts (including canned meat, canned and freshfish, fats), dried beans and peas, dried vegetables,dried fruit, macaroni, spaghetti, noodles, rice, barley,oats, wheat, sugar, coffee, tea, salt, spices, and dehy-drated foods. The following items freeze easily butdo not deteriorate: canned vegetables, mixed fruitpreserves prepared in water or their own juice, sauer-kraut, and beans in cans or barrels, marmalade, andhoney.

68. TROPICS

In the tropics, rains and damp climate rot storedsubsistence and the hot sun causes cans to sweat andrust and the contents to spoil. Supplies must be pro-tected against torrential downpours. Depot installa-tions should be planned to withstand heavy winds.

a. Location of Depot. A subsistence depot in thetropics should be located on level ground or groundthat can be leveled and cleared of rubbish and under-growth with a minimum of equipment and man-

99

power. The ground should be high and have naturaldrainage or be so located that drainage can be pro-vided. The depot should be located on terrain whichaffords relative security from enemy action andshould be easily accessible to speed the handling ofsupplies.

b. Open Storage. When open storage is used,adequate dunnage must be provided. The dunnageshould be high enough to permit the accumulationof water without damage to stored supplies. Ma-terials for dunnage include logs (8 to 10 inches indiameter), boards, stones, cordwood, or fabricatedpallets. Logs should be spaced 2 or 3 feet apartand covered with metal or board dunnage 3 to 6inches apart;. Coral may be used as a surfacingagent but should not be used as a substitute for dun-nage. Supplies stacked directly on coral rust andabsorb moisture. A combination of coral and dun-nage provides a maximum of protection. In addi-tion to dunnage, paulins must be used to protect thesupplies from weathering. These paulins must beplaced properly in order to give middle and topventilation. If placed directly over supplies, theytrap hot air within the stack and cause dampness,corrosion, and damage. A paulin stretched over awooden framework and not put directly on thestacks or a paulin supported by uprights dug intothe ground will reduce stack temperatures. Con-struction of the framework varies with the individualneed. The paulins should be stretched clear of thesides of the supplies to prevent the rain from runningdown the stacks and seeping into items in storage.

c. Closed Storage. In closed storage, buildings

100

should be as open to the air as possible and shouldparallel prevailing winds. Roofs of thatch orchicken wire are desirable. Containers of like itemsand dimensions should be arranged in stacks notexceeding 10 feet long by 6 feet wide. By placingthe end of one container opposite the side of another,vacant spaces can be left in the stack for air circula-tion. A minimum of 2 feet should be left betweenthe roof and stacks. Whenever the weather permits,the doors and other vents should be opened.

101

CHAPTER 7

SECURITY, CAMOUFLAGE, AND DEMOLITION

69. SECURITY

a. Company Security. The commander of thesubsistence depot company will develop plans forthe security of the company or cooperate with thecommander of the depot to which the company isattached in the development of plans. When operat-ing under a quartermaster battalion, the companysecurity and defense measures will be coordinated bythe battalion with those of subordinate or adjacentunits.

(1) Pilferage and sabotage. The commanderof the subsistence depot company is respon-sible for maintaining an interior guard toprovide security against pilferage andsabotage.

(2) Fire. The commander of the subsistencedepot company is responsible for the prep-aration of plans to prevent or combat fires.A unit fire marshal will be designated andall personnel will be instructed in fire-pre-vention and fire-fighting measures.

b. Bivouac Security. Maximum dispersion of allvehicles, personnel, and equipment is necessary.Posting of adequate guards and gas sentries and con-

,102

struction of slit trenches and other hasty fortifica-tions are required.

e. Individual Security.(1) Proficiency with arms. Each man in the

subsistence depot company must be pro-ficient in the use of individual weapons.

(2) Chemical attack. Protection against chem-ical warfare requires thorough training inthe identification of toxic gases and in theuse of the gas mask and other protectiveequipment issued to the individual soldier.

(3) MIines and booby traps. Detection and de-activation of mines and booby traps is atechnical subject which should be studied(app. I, par. 4).

70. CAMOUFLAGE

Concealment of personnel, equipment, and storagesupplies from enemy observation by the effective useof camouflage is the principal defense of the subsist-ence depot company. A storage area in or near thecombat zone should blend as much as possible withthe surroundings (fig. 17).

a. Supplies. In inhabited localities, depot sup-plies may be stored in buildings but care must betaken to avoid signs of activity. Camouflage netsmay be draped over supplies or suspended over anynecessary turn-offs in the roads which may requirecamouflage. Boxes may be piled to resemble smalladditions to existing buildings or stacked in excava-tions and covered over. When available, derelictstone fences, weapons pits, slit trenches, or vehiclepens offer excellent chances for concealment for large

103

000[I -2. 000\ 000 .- -

000 0!.

000 -

Coo,

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C.-

r-T~ ~ ~~ -;5Z.~ ~~~~~~~~~.

\1 ooo04.,~: /

0

,I~,~~~-F: ~t \ oo ~._- /

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104~~~~~~~~~~~~

0 ~,,

P,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-

1-.0

104

quantities of supplies by using the existing worksand judiciously adding to them. Supplies may belaid down on existing vehicle tracks and also laiddown to imitate new tracks. The top of the storesmay be painted to simulate the color tones of realtracks.

b. Installation. New paths and roads reveal to theenemy the location of a new installation and shouldbe kept to a minimum. Whenever a new path or roadis required, it must connect two points of apparentactivity. Existing buildings, tents, or other installa-tions should not be camouflaged, since any effort toconceal an installation already known to the enemymerely serves to attract his attention to it. Tentsshould be placed under cover or blended in withhedges or bushes through the use of nets. Accessto buildings or tents must be carefully planned toavoid making new paths. Vehicles and personnelmust stay on paths and roads for maximum conceal-ment.

71. DEMOLITION

Demolition of supplies and equipment is a com-mand function and is done only on orders fromhigher authority. Demolition must be as rapid andsimple as possible and must render all supplies un-serviceable. Special methods of demolition are sug-gested for different types of supplies and equipment.

a. Subsistence Supplies. Explosives may be usedto destroy subsistence supplies. Thermite bombs orother flammables will be used to ignite and destroyitems. Sand, salt, or oil may be thrown on perishablesubsistence. If circumstances prohibit the use of

966956--51 9 105

fire or explosives, items may be sprinkled with chlo-ride of lime or gasoline. Extreme caution must beused with gasoline to prevent accidents, since gaso-line vapor mixed with air is highly explosive.Canned goods may be punctured with ax or bayonetwhen time permits.

b. Vehicles and Warehousing Equipmnent. Ware-housing equipment will be destroyed by fire, explo-sives, or axes. Vehicles may be demolished by usingan ax or a sledge hammer, if available. The carbu-retor, spark plugs, distributor coil, valves, transmis-sion, and engine block are vital parts of the motorvehicles for destruction. An ax should be used ontrailer tires. When demolishing vehicles and ma-terials-handling equipment, the same parts, such asradiator or transmission, will be destroyed on alllike units to prevent assembly of a complete unitfrom wrecked equipment.

c. Records and Equipment. All records that can-not be removed will be burned. Miscellaneous equip-ment will be destroyed by fire or axes.

106

CHAPTER 8

MOVEMENT

Section I. MOTOR

72. REQUIREMENTS

The subsistence depot company is a fixed unit.When personnel and equipment of the company mustbe moved by motor, the transportation section of thearmy or base depot to which the company is assignedor attached will coordinate movement arrangements.These arrangements will normally consist of furnish-ing and supervising necessary motor units, providingassistance in preparing the movement schedule andtables, and coordinating traffic control with the traf-fic control agencies of its own and higher headquar-ters. In many instances, personnel will be trans-ported to a forward location to establish a new depot,while heavy equipment of the company will be leftat the original depot so that operations can be carriedon without interruption. Usually the heavy equip-ment is more easily transported to the new locationby rail. At times equipment for the new depot maybe shipped to the location from stocks at generaldepots in the theater of operations or from the UnitedStates.

a. Company. For transportation requirements tomove the equipment of the subsistence depot com-

107

pany by motor see appendix III. Personnel can betransported in the three organically assigned trucksplus one 3%/-ton 4 x. 4 cargo truck and six 21/2 -ton6 x 6 cargo trucks.

b. Depot Headquarters. When the depot head-quarters (office of the depot commander, companyheadquarters, and the depot headquarters platoon)is to move, organic transportation will be adequatefor personnel and maintenance and organizationalequipment. Seven additional 21/2-ton 6 x 6 truckswill be required to move the special equipment.

c. Operating Platoon. Since no organic transpor-tation is provided the' operating platoons, three 21/2-ton 6 x 6 trucks will be required from army or fromthe appropriate headquarters in the communicationszone in order to move the personnel and maintenanceand organizational equipment. Eight additional21/2-ton 6 x 6 trucks will be required to move thespecial equipment.

73. PLAN FOR MOVEMENT

a. Administrative Arrangements. When ordersare received to move the depot personnel to a newlocation, the company commander will make the nec-essary administrative arrangements within the com-pany. In making loading preparations he will ob-tain necessary additional trucks from army or basedepot. He will organize the personnel into groupsto fit the transportation provided. All equipmentthat will be transported will be packed, marked, andproperly loaded on the trucks. The company com-mander will assemble the personnel of the convoy,outline and discuss the route to be followed, estab-

108

lish march security, and assign specific march dutiesto personnel. The plan for motor movement willinclude provision for food service, medical care, andrest en route. Where a long trip is scheduled, reststops should be planned. When the convoy hasreached its destination, the company commander willmake plans for the unloading of equipment and re-uniting of troops and equipment.

b4. Capacity. The capacity of the motor vehiclesfor the movement depends upon the type of vehiclesand the method of carrying personnel. Maximumcapacities for trucks carrying personnel with indi-vidual weapons, packs, and extra ammunition, withno additional cargo, are as shown below:

Trucks: Men

h4-ton __________________----_______---_-- -- - -- -- 3/4-ton -______________--------__________S..----.. 822-ton or larger* ------------------------------- 25

c. Assignment of Jobs.(1) Drivers. Drivers will drive the vehicles

to which they are normally assigned. Whentrucks other than organic make the trip, theywill be driven by personnel provided byhigher authority.

(2) Reconnaissance Party. A reconnaissanceparty should be designated to select haltingand quartering areas in advance.

(3) Clean-up Party. A clean-up party will bedesignated to inspect quartering areas andhalt sites after they have been evacuated bythe convoy.

*On long hauls, only 20 men with equipment should be loaded.

109

d. Rate o/ March. When tactical considerationsdo not interfere, the following may be used as a guidein planning an average day's motor march:

(1) Preparation for march (including time forbreakfast, inspection of vehicles, and break-ing of camp): 1 hour.

(2) Running time (including all halts exceptnoon halt) : 7 to 8 hours.

(3) Halt for midday meal and refueling: 1 hour.(4) Inspection and servicing of vehicles after

arrival at camp: 1 hour.(5) Average convoy speed should be about 25

miles per hour. The individual vehicleshould not exceed 35 miles per hour.

e. Quartering. If the trip is over 200 miles (themaximum distance for a day's travel by truck),shelter must, be provided. The shelter may be inbivouac, in a friendly camp or cantonment, or inbillet. The requirements for quartering should beaccessibility, protection against the weather, an ade-quate supply of water, good natural drainage, andfirm dry soil.

Section II. RAIL

74. REQUIREMENTS

The transportation requirements for movement ofthe subsistence depot company by rail will be pro-vided for by the Transportation Corps. Approxi-mate car requirements for the company based onUnited States military railway car standards are asfollows:

a. Compamny. Requirements for movement of the

110

company personnel and all equipment are two 40-foot flat cars, nine 40-foot box cars, and 6 pullmancars or troop sleepers (app. III). For short move-ments, 4 day coaches may be substituted for the pull-man cars or troop sleepers.

b. Depot Headquarters. Requirements for move-ment of the depot headquarters (office of the depotcommander, company headquarters, and the depotheadquarters platoon) are two 40-foot flat cars, three40-foot box cars, and 1 pullman car or troop sleeper.For short movements, 1-day coach may be substitutedfor the pullman car or troop sleeper.

c. Operating Platoon. Requirements for move-ment of one operating platoon are four 40-foot boxcars and 1 pullman car or troop sleeper. For shortmovements, 1-day coach may be substituted for thepullman car or troop sleeper.

75. PLAN FOR MOVEMENT

a. General.(1) As soon as the commander of the subsistence

depot company receives orders to move hiscompany by rail, he will submit to the ap-propriate transportation officer a letter con-taining the following information:

(a) Orders or instructions authorizing themovement.

(b) Name and number of the organization.(c) Numerical strength of officers, enlisted

men, and vehicles.(d) Amount of company property and the

authorized and checkable personal bag-gage.

11l

(e) Date and place of entraining.(f) Approximate car requirements.

(2) The transportation officer will notify thedepot commander where the rail cars willbe placed and when the cars will be ready forloading.

b. Entraining Officer. When the subsistence depotcompany is to move as a unit, the depot commanderwill detail one platoon leader as entraining officer,whose duties are as follows:

(1) To make a reconnaissance of the approachesto the entraining point so that entrainingmay proceed without confusion, delay, orinterruption.

(2) To supervise the loading of personnel andproperty.

(3) To take the necessary measures to insurespeedy and satisfactory loading.

(4) To collect and transmit checkers' lists to theappropriate transportation officer.

(5) To make necessary assignment of men tocars. Normally, the entraining officer willallow only one entrance to each car and willinstr uct the men entering the cars to pro-ceed directly to their assigned space.

c. Train Transportation Officer. The depot com-mander will detail one platoon leader as train trans-portation officer, whose duties are as follows:

(1) To make a record of written orders fortransportation.

(2) To account for all personnel on the train.(3) To prepare a bill of lading for organiza-

tional equipment in accordance with the

112

instructions in AR 55-145. This bill of lad-ing will usually be turned over to the trans-portation officer at the destination.

(4) To designate one noncommissioned officer aschecker for each car. The checker will listthe property loaded and record the data re-quired for the preparation of the bill oflading.

d. Baggage Detail. The depot commander willsee that a baggage detail is formed to load and un-load the baggage.

e. Guard Detail. The depot commander will seethat a guard detail is formed. At least two menshould ride in each unsealed boxcar to guard thecompany property. Whenever possible, the carsshould be sealed.

f. Mess Provisions. The depot commander shouldfind out whether troops should carry rations withthem. A mess officer should be appointed when nec-essary to supervise the preparation of meals.

g. Departure. The depot commander will makea report of the exact time of departure to the appro-priate rail movement section of communications zoneimmediately before departure. Upon arrival at thedestination, he will report the exact time and date ofarrival. In his report he will indicate the movementby routing number only.

h. Orders. The depot commander will issue or-ders to his company in conformity with AR 55-155.

i. Delays. The depot commander will maintaina complete record of delays en route. The recordshould include any occurrences that compel the useof railway equipment after the scheduled hour of

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arrival at destination. Such a record will answerquestions that may arise as to the improper use ofrailway facilities.

j. Inspection. The depot commander will makean inspection of railway equipment that has beenvacated in order to determine whether any railwayproperty has been damaged or unlawfully removed.He will report the results of this inspection to thecommanding officer of the new home station.

k. Detraining. Troops should be told the arrivaltime so they will be ready to detrain promptly. Theofficers and guard detail will detrain first. The bag-gage detail will be left behind to unload the baggageand bring up the property. When the quarteringarea is distant from the detraining point, propertyshould be unloaded by the entire company to savetime. If practicable, noncommissioned officers wh]cacted as checkers when loading will serve in the samecapacity when unloading.

76. PACKAGING

a. General.(1) The commander of the subsistence depot

company must make sure that all companyequipment for rail shipment is packagedand packed in such a manner that it willwithstand unusual transportation, han-dling, and climatic conditions. He will seethat each shipment conforms to all the re-quirements necessary to insure its arrivalat its destination in sound condition.

(2) Field ranges, fuel containers, and otheritems in which gasoline or other solventsare used, must be drained and flushed before

114

being boxed and crated. A certificate thatthis has been accomplished will be attachedto crates containing the items and to thepacking list.

b. Shipping Containers.(1) Weight. Containers should be as light as

possible consistent with the nature of theitems, with the handling and distributionconditions, and with the manner of use inorder to permit handling by the smallestnumber of individuals.

(2) Cubage. Shipping containers should havea minimum cubage in order to conserveshipping and storage space. Cubage can bereduced by disassembling projecting parts,arranging them in a compact manner, wrap-ping and packaging them, and placing themsecurely within the shipping container. Nopart should be removed unless it can bereadily reassembled. Cubage data are givenin appendix III.

c. Packaging Procedures.(1) Wrapping. Commercial wrapping paper

will be used when possible for wrappingitems.

(2) Tying. Twine should be used in tyingpackages, interior containers, and articlesthat are to be packed in shipping containers.If the packages are large and bulky, thetwine should have a breaking strength ofnot less than 105 pounds.

(3) Bolting. Items that do not completely fillshipping containers should be bolted to pre-

115

vent movement inside the containers. Itemshaving projecting parts that might bebroken or might puncture the containershould be rigidly supported or suspended.The clearance between projecting parts andthe inside face of the containers should beat least 1 inch.

77. BLOCKING AND BRACING

a. Blocks. One block outside each vehicle wheelis ordinarily enough to prevent lateral movement.As an additional precaution, an inside block shouldbe used and a rope or strap of burlap or canvasshould be passed over the felloe, one turn being madearound each block. The lumber used for blocks mustbe not less than 2 by 4 inches (app. IV).

b. Chocks. Security against longitudinal move-ment requires two chocks to each wheel. Chocksmust be at least 3 inches high.

c. Nails. Fortypenny nails should be used to se-cure chocks and blocks to the floor of a car.

d. Wire. Heavy wire (8-gauge black annealedwire or its equivalent) should be used for securingloads.

Section III. AIR

78. REQUIREMENTS

a. Orders. Orders for movement of the subsistencedepot company by air will be issued by higher au-thority to the depot commander and to the com-mander of the air task force supplying transporta-tion. The orders normally will comprise-

116

(1) Composition of the unit.(2) Designation of departure airport.(3) Date and hour transport begins.(4) Destination. (If this information is secret,

the headquarters issuing the orders willclassify it as such.)

(5) Method of movement from present site andquartering arrangements at or near airport.

(6) Restrictions on amount or type of equip-ment and supplies to be carried.

(7) Probable length of time during which theunit must be self-sufficient.

(8) Provision for subsequent supplies.b. Depot Commaander's Report. The depot com-

mander will prepare a report for the Air Force com-mander who is charged with supply of air transpor-tation for the movement (DA Pam. 29-15). Thereport will contain the following information:

(1) Strength and composition of the unit.(2) Total weight of supplies and equipment.(3) Name, cubage, weight, and number of bulky

items.(4) Amollnt of baggage.

79. PLAN FOR MOVEMENT

a. Info-rnation.(1) Initial. In compliance with orders from

higher authority, the depot commander willcompile information on the following:

(a) Method of loading desired.(b) Initial operations at destination, such as

arrangements, procedure of ground trans-portation, and tactical dispersion.

117

(2) Destination. If orders do not include spe-cific items of supply and equipment thatmust be excluded from air shipment, thedepot commander will determine the fol-lowing:

(a) Tentage available at destination.(b) Equipment available at destination.(c) Vehicles available at destination which

may be utilized.(d) S-upplies available at destination.

b. Procedure. The following operations must beconsidered by the depot commander:

(1) Movement of the unit from present loca-tion to vicinity of departure airport, forwhich marching and loading tables will benecessary.

(2) Movement to loading points at departureairport.

(3) Loading of trucks to correspond to theloading of airplanes.

(4) Movement to loading points, with consid-eration given to such factors as time, route,traffic control, loading arrangements, andguides.

(5) Loading of airplanes.(6) Movement to destination timetables.

c. Packaging. Procedures for packaging are sim-ilar to those discussed in paragraph 76.

d. Personnel and Baggage. Preparations formovement of personnel and baggage will be deter-mined by the, type of airplanes used. Baggage maybe carried in the same plane as personnel or in aseparate plane.

118

CHAPTER 9

CONSERVATION OF MANPOWER

80. LIFTING AND CARRYING

The work area should be firm, free of debris, andclear of water, oil, or any substance that might causea slip or fall. Lifting should be done by pushingup with the leg muscles. This takes the strain offthe back muscles. Lifting should be done gradually,steadily, without jerking motions. When a fiber-board carton is being lifted, the worker should graspthe carton underneath in a way that will not tear orstrain the carton. When carrying a load, the workermust make sure that there is unobstructed visionahead. Cartons should not be stacked too high. Themaximum safe height for open storage normally is6 feet; for closed storage, 8 feet. Gloves should beused when handling wooden cases. If a sack is torn,the hole should be repaired before lifting the sack.

81. LOADING AND UNLOADING

a. Boxcars.(1) Cars should be spotted to the exact ware-

house, section, or door and in place at thetime wanted.

(2) When drums are to be moved, the boxcarshould be spotted as near as possible to thestorage location of the drums.

119

(3) Brakes of the car should be set before op-erations begin.

(4) Pallets should be stacked on the edge ofthe platform at both sides of the car door.

(5) The car plate should be firmly secured inposition. If the distance between the carand the platform is excessive or the car platetoo wide to go in the car door, a car-platestand should be used.

(6) The maximum number of men that canusually be employed advantageously inloading and unloading one boxcar is 5 (1checker-operator and 4 laborers). Two mencan work in each car door. As the workprogresses, the two ends of the car may beworked either at the same time or one endat a time.

(7) The cargo should be carefully stowed toavoid shifting in transit.

b. Refrigerator Cars. Refrigerator cars have nar-row, low doors and high sills. The floors are of slator duck board construction which prohibits the useof wheeled vehicles. For unloading, gravity con-veyors are recommended. The trailers or palletsshould be loaded as close to the car entrance as pos-sible. Refrigerator cars will be unloaded as quicklyas possible and where there is a delay will be re-icedevery 24 hours.

c. Trucks.(1) When packages weighing up to about 60

pounds are being loaded or unloaded atthe rear of a truck, only two men can work

120

on the truck at one time without getting ineach other's way.

(2) When loading or unloading over the sideof a truck, three men can be used on thetruck.

(3) Usually, at least one man on the ground foreach man on the truck is necessary to passpackages along.

(4) Heavy supplies should be placed at the bot-tom of the load and distributed evenly overthe bed of the truck.

(5) The cargo should be built up carefully soas to avoid shifting.

(6) The center of gravity of the load shouldbe kept low. If the load is too high, it maycause swaying and make the vehicle hardto drive.

(7) If the load extends above the top of thevehicle body, it should be lashed securely tothe truck (TM 21-305).

(8) Loads must not extend over the sides orbeyond the tail of the truck unless the loadcan be carried in no other way. If a loadmust extend more than 2 or 3 feet beyondthe rear of the truck, it should be markedby a red flag in daytime and a red light atnight.

(9) Except when authorized, trucks must not beloaded beyond the maximum pay loads notedon the plates on the instrument panel. Ifthe weight of the load is not known, it canbe estimated with reasonable accuracy bynoting the position of the rear springs.

966956°-51---10 121

(10) When a considerable number of truckloadsof food are to be picked up by a division dur-ing combat zone operations, quick-frozenfruits and vegetables should be loaded intothe last truck lea.ving the warehouse.

d. Special Items.(1) Barrels with heads are loaded on their sides

with the stack pyramided.(2) Barrels without heads or covered with bur-

lap should be stood upright on their solidends.

(3) Sacked goods should be tied together bycrossing the sack of alternate tiers in theload..

122

APPENDIX I

REFERENCES

1. ADMINISTRATION AND PERSONNEL

AR 35-1440 Loss of Pay during Absence Dueto Diseases.

AR 340-15 Correspondence and Messages.AR 345-400 Morning Report.AR 345-415 Daily Sick Report.AR 345-620 Correspondence and Publication

Files.AR 380-5 Safeguarding Military Informa-

tion.AR 600-115 Leaves of Absence and Delays.SR 310-110-1 Orders, Bulletins, Circulars, and

Memorandums Issued fromHeadquarters of Field Com-mands.

SR 320-5-1 Dictionary of United States ArmyTerms.

SR 320-50-1 Military Terms, Abbreviations,and Symbols.

SR 615-20-1 Service Record.SR 615-25-1 Classification.SR 615-25-15 Military Occupational Specialties.SR 615-25-20 Career Fields.SR 735-150-3 Property Accountability, State-

ment of Charges.

123

SR 745-45-5 Report of Damaged or ImproperShipment.

TM 12-250 Administration.TM 12-255 Administrative Procedures.TM 12-260 Personnel Classification Tests.TM 14-501 Officers' Pay and Allowances and

Others of Equivalent Status.TM 14-502 Pay and Allowances of Enlisted

Personnel.TM 19-500 'Enemy Prisoners of War.DA PAM 21L-5 Personal Affairs of Military Per-

sonnel and Aid for their De-pendents.

2. FOOD SERVICE

AR 30-2220 Recovery on Subsistence Stores.TM 10-402 Mess Management.TM 10-206 Kitchen Cars, Supplies, Equip-

ment, and Rations.TM 10-405 The Army Cook.TM 10407 Cutting of Beef.TM 10408 Cutting and Preparing Lamb.TM 10-412 Recipes..TM 10-610 Refrigeration.QM 5-56 DA Supply Catalog.

3. INDEXES

SR 110-1-1 Index of Army Motion Pictures andFilm Strips.

SR 310-20-3 Index of Army Training Publica-tions (Field Manuals, TrainingCirculars, Firing Tables andCharts, Army Training Programs,

124

Mobilization Training Programs,Graphic Training Aids, JointArmy-Navy Air Force Publica-tions, and Combined Communica-tions Board Publications).

SR 310-20-4 Index of Technical Manuals, Tech-nical Regulations, Technical Bul-letins, Supply Bulletins, Lubrica-tion Orders, Modification WorkOrders, Tables of Organizationand Equipment, Reduction Tables,Tables of Allowances, Tables ofOrganization, and Tables ofEquipment.

SR 310-20-5 Index of Administrative Publica-tions (Army Regulations, SpecialRegulations, Readjustment Regu-lations, Joint Army-Air Force Ad-justment I-egulations, General Or-ders, Bulletins, Circulars, Com-mercial Traffic Bulletins, JointProcurement Circulars, Depart-ment of the Army Pamphlets, andASF Manuals).

SR 310-20-6 Index of Blank Forms and ArmyClassification Tests.

4. MILITARY TRAINING

FM 5-15 Field Fortifications.FM 5-20 Camouflage, Basic Principles.FM 5-20A Camouflage of Individuals and

Infantry Weapons.

125

FM 5-20C Camouflage of Bivouacs, Com-mand Posts, Supply Points,and Medical Installations.

FM 5-20G Camouflage of Rear Areas andFixed Fortifications.

FM 5-20H Camouflage Materials and Man-ufacturing Techniques.

FM 5-32 Land Mine Warfare.FM 20-15 Tents and Tent Pitching.FM 21-5 Military Training.FM 21-8 Military Training Aids.FM 21-10 Military Sanitation.FM 21-11 First Aid for Soldiers.FM 21-15 Individual Clothing and Equip-

ment.FM 21-20 Physical Training.FM 21-25 Elementary Map and Aerial

Photograph Reading.FM 21-30 Conventional Signs, Military

Symbols, and Abbreviations.FM 21-40 Defense Against Chemical At-

tack.FM 22-5 Drill and Ceremonies.FM 23-7 U. S. Carbine, Caliber, .30, M1l

and MIAl.FM 23-30 Hand and Rifle Grenades.FM 26-5 Interior Guard Duty.TM 3-205 The Gas Mask.TM 3-220 Decontamination.DA PAM 20-21 The Army School Catalog.ATP 10-226 Mobilization.DA PAM 21.-23 Mines and Booby Traps.

126

5. MOTOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

AR 750-5 Maintenance Responsibilities andShop Operation.

AR 700-105 Motor Vehicles.AR 700-240 Materials Handling Equipment.FM 25-10 Motor Transport.TM 9-840 3/4 Ton 4 x 4 Cargo Truck M37; Util-

ity Truck M42; Ambulance TruckM43; and Telephone Installation,Light Maintenance, and CableSplicing Truck V-41 GT, (Dodge).

TM 9-883 1-Ton, 2-Wheel Cargo and WaterTrailers.

TM 9-2700 Principles of Automotive Vehicles.TM 9-2800 Military Vehicles.TM 21-300 Driver Selection, Training, and Su-

pervision, Wheeled Vehicles.TM 21-305 Driver's Manual.TM 37-2810 Motor Vehicle Inspection and Pre-

ventive Maintenance Services.LO 9-840 (Lubrication order for M37 3/ 4-ton

4 x 4 cargo truck).LO 9-883-1 Trailer, 1-Ton Payload, 2-Wheel,

Water Tank, 250-Gal.TM 9-801 Truck 21/2-Ton, 6 x 6 (GMC CCKW-

352 and 353) and Truck, 21/2-Ton,6 x 4 (GMC CCW-353).

TM 9-807 2½2-Ton, 6 x 6 Truck and 21/2- to5-Ton, 6 x 4 Truck (Stude-baker Models) US 6 and US 6 x 4.

TM 9-809 Truck, 21/2 -Ton, 6 x 6 Cab ForwardModel AFK WX-353.

127

TM 9-819 21/2 -Ton, 6 x 6 Cargo Truck, M34(Reo).

6. PACKING SUBSISTENCE

TM 5-614 Packing and Crating, Repairs andUtilities.

FM 10-13 Quartermaster Reference Data.

7. SPECIAL OPERATIONS

FM 31-25 Desert Operations.FM 70-10 Mountain Operations.FM 70-15 Operations in Snow and Extreme

Cold.FM 72-20 Jungle Warfare.

8. STOCK CONTROL AND PROPERTY ACCOUNTING

AR 35-6520 Property Accountability and Re-sponsibility.

AR 35-6560 Receipt, Shipment, and Issue ofProperty.

SR 36-10-2 Reports of Audit-Military Ac-counts.

SR 711-20 Supply Economy.SR 725-10-2 Processing Requisitions.SR 735-150--1 Accounting for Lost, Damaged, or

Destroyed Property.SR 780-40-1 Stock Control and Supply Proce-

dures.TM 38-705 Army Shipping Document.TM 10-250 Storage of Quartermaster Sup-

plies.

128

TM 38-400 Stock Control Manual for Sta-tions.

TM 38-402 Storage in the Zone of Interior.

9. SUPPLY OPERATIONS

FM 10-10 Quartermaster Service in Theaterof Operations.

FM 10-13 Quartermaster Reference Data.TM 10-250 Storage of Quartermaster Sup-

plies.TM 38-402 Storage in the Zone of Interior.SR 30-20-10 Storage of Perishable Subsistence

Supplies.SR 780-40-1 Stock Control and Supply Proce-

dures.

10. TRANSPORTATION

AR 55-120 Transportation of Individuals.AR 55-130 Transportation of Troops and

Other Groups; General.AR 55-135 Transportation of Troops, Rail-

way Equipment.AR 55-145 Transportation of Troops; En-

training, Duties En Route,and Detraining.

AR 55-155 Transportation of Public Prop-erty (Except Animals) andRemains.

SR 55-720-1 Preparation for Oversea Move-ment of Units (POM).

DA PAM 29-10 Movement Regulations forMovement of Units withinZone of Interior.

129

DA PAM 29-11 Movement Regulations for Over-sea Movement of Units, Cas-uals, Replacements, and Indi-viduals.

11. WAREHOUSE EQUIPMENT

AR 700-240 General, Materials HandlingEquipment.

TM 10-250 Storage of QuartermasterSupplies.

TM 10-1619 Quartermaster MaterialsHandling Equipment.

TM 10-1637 Tractor, Wheeled, Gasoline(Clark-Clarktor 6).

TM 10-1640 Truck, Fork Lift, Gasoline(Clark "Planeloader").

LO 10-1637 Tractor, Wheeled, Gasoline(Clark-Clarktor 6).

LO 10-1640 Truck, Fork Lift, Gasoline(Clark "Planeloader").

QM 7 & 8 MHE 29 DA Supply Catalog, Trac-tor, Wheeled, Gasoline(Clark "Clarktor-6").

QM 7 & 8 MHE 59 DA Supply Catalog, Truck,Fork Lift, Gasoline(Clark "Planeloader").

130

APPENDIX II

MINIMUM TRAINING SCHEDULE

1. GENERAL

The following minimum training schedule isplanned to give systematic and progressive trainingfor personnel of the quartermaster subsistence depotcompany. Only essential matter required to trainthe soldier for his place in a team in the shortest pos-sible time consistent with efficiency is given in theschedule. The subjects, based on a 624-hour trainingschedule, are furnished as a guide only and must bevaried to meet the immediate training requirements.

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APPENDIX IV

BLOCKING AND BRACING FOR RAIL SHIPMENT

METHOD 1

Place eight blocks (A), one to the front and oneto the rear of each wheel (fig. 20). Nail the heelof each block to the car floor with five fortypennynails. Toenail that part of each block under thetread to the car floor with two fortypenny nails. Puttwo blocks (B) against the outside face of eachwheel. Nail the lower block to the car floor withthree fortypenny nails and the top block to the lowerblock with three fortypenny nails. When bracingthe fork lift truck, pass four strands (two wrap-pings) of No. 8 gage black annealed wire (C)around each prong of the fork at the front of thefork lift truck and through a stake pocket on theflatcar. Tighten the wires enough to remove slack.

METHOD 2

Place four blocks (D), one to the front and oneto the rear of each set of wheels (fig. 21). Theseblocks must be at least 8 inches wider than the over-allwidth of the vehicle at the car floor. Using 16 blocks(E), place two against blocks (D) to the front ofeach wheel and two against blocks (D) to the rearof each wheel. Nail the lower cleat to the floor withthree fortypenny nails, and then nail the top cleat

140

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to the cleat below with three fortypenny nails. Nailfour cleats (F) on the outside of each wheel to thetop of each block (D) with two fortypenny nails.When bracing the fork lift truck, pass four strands(two wrappings) of No. 8 gage black annealed wire(C), around each prong of the fork at the front ofthe fork lift truck and through a stake pocket on theflatcar. Tighten the wires enough to remove slack.

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APPENDIX V

UNIT PROFICIENCY STANDARDS

1. BASIC

a. Do the men have knowledge of first aid?b. Are the men trained in map reading?c. Are the men trained in proper conduct if cap-

tured?d. Are the men trained in use of gas masks ?e. Are the men oriented in the mission of the unit ?f. Are the men trained in the proper use of their

weapons?g. Have the men completed their basic military

training?

2. TECHNICAL

Are the men able to perform their primary mis-sion? (Determine by spot check of special tasks setup for each.)

a. Chief subsistence specialist.b. Carpenters.c. Wheel-vehicle mechanics.d. Refrigeration specialists.e. Checkers.f. Supply clerks.g. Fork lift operators.h. Warehousemen.

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3. HOUSEKEEPING AND SUPPLY

a. Is the unit supply section trained to functionproperly ?

b. Is the unit mess section trained to functionproperly ?

c. Is the unit administrative section trained tofunction properly?

4. PRACTICAL TEST

Set up problems involving conduct of the unit inthe following operations:

a. Depot Site. Selection of depot site and settingup of depot for operation.

(1) Does the site afford the best facilities forproperly servicing the troops?

(2) Are roads and road conditions used to ad-vantage?

(3) Is the site adequately camouflaged?(4) Are items of supply properly dispersed?

b. Defense of Bivouac.(1) Is the plan of defense tactically sound?(2) Are all personnel armed with their perma-

nently assigned weapons?(3) Does the plan for issue of arms and ammu-

nition meet the requirements of speed,safety, and the proper safeguarding ofweapons ?

(4) Is the plan adequate for defense againstground troops? Paratroops? Air attacks'?

G. Demolition.(1) Is the demolition plan tactically sound?(2) Is the demolition plan technically sound?

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(3) Are all personnel acquainted with the demo-lition plan and capable of performing theirmission ?

d. Showdown Inspection.(1) Is organizational equipment complete and

serviceable ?(2) Is individual equipment complete and serv-

iceable?e. Unit Performance. With due consideration to

the above problems, determine the following:(1) Can the unit perform its primary mission?(2) Can the unit service a designated number

of troops?(3) Can the platoon perform its primary mis-

sion when it is operating as a separate unit?f. Ground Action. Set up a problem involving

the unit in offensive ground action as a combat unit(covering tactical training of infantry soldier).Grade the unit on its performance-satisfactory, verysatisfactory, excellent.

g. Check of Equipment. Check operation andmaintenance of the organizational equipment of theunit.

(1) Are the vehicles properly operated?(2) Is the equipment properly maintained?(3) Is organizational maintenance practiced?(4) Are technical maintenance and operational

instructions provided for each vehicle?

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INDEXParagraph Page

Accounting, property ------------------ 59 86Administrative personnel corporal ------- 30d 34Arctic operations. (See Operations.)Assignment:

Army area --------------------- 4b 2Communications zone ------------- 4a 2

Bivouac site -------------------------- 33i, 34f 41, 42Blocking and bracing ------------ 77, app. IV 116,

140Boxcars, loading and unloading --------- 81a 119

Camouflage ------------------- _------ 33d, 70 42, 103Capabilities ------------------- 6 4Cards:

Stock locator --------------------- 60i 91Stock record ---------------------- 60j 91

Carpenter ------------------ _ 29d 33Chart:

Master locator --------------------- 63 94Training progress ----------- 10 8

Checkers ----------------------------- 28c 30Checking subsistence. (See Subsistence.)Chief subsistence specialist - ............. 31c 38Class I supplies. (See Supply.)Clerks ------------------------------- 29c, 30c 32, 34Closing-out operations. (See Operations.)Cold-storage plants ------------- 46b 69Company commander ------------------ 30a 33Company organization ----------------- 17 13Cooks -------------------------------- 30j 36Cook's helpers ------------------------ 30k 36

Defrosting -------------------------- _ 46g 72

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Paragraph Page

Demolition- ........................ 71 105Depot:

Layout ------------------ 34 41Location- ------------------------ 33 39Size of storage area ---------- -- 35 42

Depot commander -------------------- 31a 36Dunnage .-....................... 45b, 68b 67, 100

Equipment:Maintenance --------------------- 21-26 25Provision .-....................... 19 21Specialized organizational:

Fork lift trucks -............ 18a 15Gravity roller conveyor -------- 18e 18Hand truck ____- _........._ 18d 17Prefabricated refrigerators 18f 19Warehouse tractor ------------ 18b 15Warehouse trailer ------------- 18c 16

Transportation --------------- 20 24

Files:Credit voucher -------------------- 60d 89Debit voucher -................. 60b 87Due-in document -......... 60a 87Due-out suspense -............. 60h 91Inventory adjustment report voucher_ 60g 90Locator -...................... 60i 91Property audit -................. 60e 90Shortage report -............ 60f 90Stock record card -............. 60j 91Unserviceable property ------------ 60c 87

Fire protection ----------------------- 43c 62First sergeant ------------------------- 30b 33Floor loads -------------------------- 45a(5) 66Fork lift operators --------------------- 28e 31

Infestation -------------------------- 43b(19) 62Inspection of subsistence -------------- 6d, 43b(5) 5, 61Inventories -.... .................... 54a 81Issuing subsistence ------------------- 58 85

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Paragraph Page

Labor, local ___----------------------- 33g, 49b 41, 75Layout, depot. (See Depot.)Lifting and carrying_ ------------------- 80 119Lighting equipment ------------------- 53 81Loading and unloading ---------- 48, 81 73, 119Loading points -................... 34d 42Location, depot. (See Depot.)

Maintenance:Motor vehicle -------------------- _ 24 26Organizational ------------------- _ 22 25Records_ ------------------------- 26 27

Mess steward ------------------------- 30i 35Mission of company ------------------- 3 1Motor sergeant --- -- - - 30g 35Movement:

Air ------------------ ------- 78, 79 116,117

Motor --------------- 72, 73 107,108

Rail -- ----------- 74, 75 110,111

Night operations. (See Operations.)Nomenclature of supplies --------------- 14c 11Nonperishables':

Covered storage ------------------- 45a 65Open storage --------------------- 45b 67

Office of depot commander ------------ 31 36Opening-up operations. (See Operations.)Operations:

Arctic --------------------------- 67 97Closing-out --- 66 97Night ----------- 53 81Opening-up_ -- - - --- 64 96Taking-over ----- 65 96Technical ------------------------ 36 45Tropical -------- 68 99

Organization:Company _--------- 17 13

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Paragraph Page

Organization-ContinuedDepot office ----- ---- 40 52Platoon --------------------- - - - 16 13Section------ --------------------- 15 13

Packaging -------------------- 76 114Packing and crating ------------ 47 73Perishables, cold storage of ------------- 46b 69Planograph system -------------------- 44 63Platoon:

Headquarters --------------------- 29 31Operations---------.----- - 6c, 16 4, 13

Platoon leader ------------------------ 29a 32Platoon sergeant ---------.------- 29b 32Prisoners of war, use of ---------------- 49c 76Property accounting. (See Accounting.)

Quartermaster units:Clothing and general supplies depot 5e 3

company.Petroleum depot company -S------ 5f 3Refrigeration company, mobile ------ 5d 3Service company ------------------ 5g 3Service organization --------------- 5h 4Subsistence supply company -S------ 5c 3

Ration requests ----------------------- 41b 53Reconnaissance_ ----------------------- 32 39References ------------------ App. I 123Refrigerator cars, loading and unloading... 81b 120Refrigeration:

Poster --------------------------- 38 51Specialists ..-------................ 28g 31

Refrigerator, prefabricated:Setting up .-. . ................ 37 46Taking down ---------------------_ 39 51Use ----------------------------- 46c 70

Related units ------------------------- 5 2Reports:

(Perishables) Stock Status ---------- 62d 94Stock status ---------- --- - --- 62a 92

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Paragraph Page

Requisitions ------------- _--- - - 41b 53Roadways and aisles ------------------- 34b 41

Sanitation, refrigeration_ --------------- 46h 72Scales, weighing_ ---------------------- 46e 72Section:

Organization -------------------- 15 13Personnel -- - - - 28 28

Section assistant ------------- ---- 28b 30Section sergeant ----------------------- 28a 28Security ------------- ---------- 69 102Service troops -------------------- 49a 74Shed storage. (See Storage)Shifts, scheduling .- -------- 50, 51 76, 77Shipping documents ------------------- 61 91Site selection ----- - ---------- 33 39Sources of subsistence. (See Subsistence)Stack number plates -- - ---- 43b(2) 60Stock control procedure ---------------- 54 81Stock levels -------- ---------- 54b 81Stock record procedures_ ........------- 41c 54Storage facilities:

Company-operated ----------------- 42a 55Data -------------------------- 62c 94Platoon-operated_--------------- 42b 55Section-operated -------------- 42c 55

Storage, shed ------------- ------------ 46i 73Subsistence:

At receipt_ ------------------------ 56b 83Before receipt_ -------------------- 56a 82Checking_ ---- -------------- 57 84Classifying -- - ----------- 43b(3) 61Inspection -------- --------- 43b(5) 61Issuing_---------------------- 58 85Sources -.------------------ 55 82

Subsistence officer --------------------- 31b 37Supply:

Automatic --------. ------------- 31b 37Classification --------------------- 36b 46Class I ------ ------------- 36b 46

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Paragraph Page

Supply-ContinuedEconomy_ .--- -- _------- -------- 31b 37Points ------------------- --- c 5c 3

Supply assistant --------------.---- 30f 35Supply clerks_ ------------------------- 28d 30Supply sergeant ------------------- 30e 34

Taking-over operations. (See Operations.)Temperature, storage -- ----- 43b(6) 61Temperature testing_ -- ----- 46d 71Tonnage summary ------------------- 62b 92Traffic control, depot -- - - 52 80Training:

Cadre_ --------------------------- 13 10On-the-job ----------------------- 9, 12 7, 8Requisites_ ----------------------- 14 10School --------------------------- 8 6Special individual ----------------- 8 7

Training progress chart ---------------- 10 8Training schedule, minimum ------------ App. II 131Transportation requirements_ ------------ App. III 138Tropical operations. (See Operations.)Trucks, loading and unloading of --..... 81c 120

Unit proficiency standards -------------- App. V 144

Vehicles, motor._----------------------. 20 24Ventilation ------------------ 43b(8), 62,

68c 100

Warehousemen ------------------------ 28f 31Warehousing:

Layout .------------------------ - 43a 58Procedures......................... 43b 60

Wheel-vehicle mechanics --------------- 30h 35Work output summary_ ----------- - 62e 94

152