Dhyeya IAS€¦ · 1 N IAS most trusted since 2003 ¥ (West Texas Intermediate-WTI)

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ã×Ùð 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ ÂýçÌØô»è Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ŠØæÙ ×ð´ ÚU¹·¤ÚU ÕÙæØæ ãñÐ çâçßÜ âðßæ ·¤è ÎëçC âð ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ÚUæCþèØ °ß´ ¥´ÌÚUæüCþèØ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ ·¤æ ¿ØÙ ·¤ÚU

'PERFECT 7' ×ð´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ °ß´ ¹ÕÚUô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ç·¤Øæ ÁæÌæ ãñÐ §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚU€Ì âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü, âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü Ì‰Ø, Âè¥æ§üÕè ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çÕ´Îé¥ô´ °ß´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü »ýæçÈ €Uâ ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð â´·¤ËÂÙæ¥ô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ 'PERFECT 7' ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° Ò»æ»ÚU ×ð´ âæ»ÚUÓ âæçÕÌ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ·¤ÚUÌð â×Ø ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ Âÿæ, çßÂÿæ, çßàæðáÌæ¥ô´ ÌÍæ ©Ùâð ÖæÚUÌ °ß´ çßàß ÂÚU ÂÇ¸Ùð ßæÜð ÂýÖæßô´ ·¤è â×èÿææ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ÁæÌè ãñ, Ìæç·¤ Àæ˜æ ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ ÕæÚUð ×ð´ °·¤ â×Ûæ çß·¤çâÌ ·¤ÚU â·Ô¤´Ð 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ¹ÕÚUô´ ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ·¤è ÎëçC âð ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæØè ÁæÌè ãñÐ §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü Ì‰Øô´ °ß´ Âè¥æ§üÕè ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çÕ´Îé¥ô´ ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° ã× ¥ÂÙð Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ¥çÌçÚU€Ì ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæÌð ãñ´Ð §â·¤æ ×éØ ©Î÷ÎðàØ çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ âÖè ÂãÜé¥ô´ ·¤ô â×æçãÌ ·¤ÚUÙæ ãñÐ 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° â×âæ×çØ·¤ çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè â´ÿæðÂ ×ð´ °ß´ ¥æ·¤áü·¤ M¤Â ×ð´ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ÁæÌè ãñ çÁââð ç·¤ Àæ˜æô´ mæÚUæ §âð âÚUÜÌæ âð ¥æˆ×âæÌ ç·¤Øæ Áæ â·Ô¤Ð §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚU€Ì §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ ¥Øæâ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° SßØ´ ·¤æ ×êËØæ´·¤Ù ·¤ÚUÙð ×ð´ âãæØÌæ ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ ¥‹Ø Âç˜æ·¤æ¥ô´ ·¤è Öæ´çÌ ã× Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ·Ô¤ßÜ âÌãè ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæÙð ×ð´ çßàßæâ Ùãè´ ÚU¹Ìð ÕçË·¤ âæÚU»çÖüÌ ÕãéÂÿæèØ ¥õÚU ˜æéçÅUÚUçãÌ ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÙð ·¤æ ¥Í·¤ ÂýØæâ ·¤ÚUÌð ãñ´ çÁââð çâçßÜ âðßæ ×ð´ ã×æÚUð Àæ˜æ âÈ ÜÌæ ¥çÁüÌ ·¤ÚU â·Ô¤´, €UØô´ç·¤ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤è âÈ ÜÌæ ãè ã×æÚUè Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤è ·¤âõÅUè ãñÐ ã×Ùð ¥ÂÙð ¥Í·¤ ÂýØæâ °ß´ ÂçÚUŸæ× ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤ô ÒÂÚUÈÔ¤€UÅUÓ ÕÙæÙð ·¤æ ·¤æØü ç·¤Øæ ãñ, çÈ ÚU Öè ØçÎ ·¤ô§ü ˜æéçÅU ÚUã »Øè ãô Ìô ©âð âéÏæÚUÙð ×ð´ ¥æÂ·Ô¤ âéÛææß âæÎÚU ¥æ×´ç˜æÌ ãñ´Ð

ÁèÌ çâ´ãâÂæÎ·¤, ŠØðØ IAS

â´ƒæ Üô·¤ âðßæ ¥æØô» ß ¥‹Ø ÚUæ’Ø Üô·¤ âðßæ ¥æØô»ô´ mæÚUæ ÂýæÚUçÖ·¤ ß ×éØ ÂÚUèÿææ ×ð´ çß»Ì ·é À ßáô´ü âð ÚUæCþèØ ß ¥´ÌÚUæüCþèØ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ âð â´Õ´çÏÌ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤è â´Øæ ×ð´ ÕÉ¸ôžæÚUè

ãé§ü ãñÐ §â·¤è ÂéçC çß»Ì ßáô´ü ×ð´ â´Â‹Ù ãé§ü ÂÚUèÿææ¥ô´ ·Ô¤ ÂýàÙ Â˜æ âð ·¤è Áæ â·¤Ìè ãñÐ §âçÜ° ã×Ùð 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ °ß´ ¹ÕÚUô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ç·¤Øæ ãñ, Áô ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° ¥ˆØ´Ì ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ãñ´Ð 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ Ù ·Ô¤ßÜ ÂýæÚUçÖ·¤ ß ×éØ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° ©ÂØô»è ãñ, ÕçË·¤ Øã âæÿææˆ·¤æÚU ·Ô¤ çÜ° Öè ¥ˆØ´Ì ©ÂØô»è ãñÐ §â×ð´ â×âæ×çØ·¤ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ ·¤ô ÕðãÎ ÚUô¿·¤ É´» âð ÌæçÜ·¤æ,Üô¿æÅUü °ß´ ç¿˜æô´ ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð â×ÛææØæ »Øæ ãñÐ 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·¤ô â´·¤çÜÌ ·¤ÚUÌð â×Ø ã×æÚUæ ÂýØæâ Ù ·Ô¤ßÜ ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ âÖè ÂãÜé¥ô´ ¥ÍæüÌ÷ °·¤ SÂC çßàÜðá‡ææˆ×·¤ âæ´¿ð ×ð´ ÉæÜÙð ·¤æ ÚUãæ ãñ ÕçË·¤ °ðâð ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·¤æ §â×ð´ çßSÌëÌ çßßð¿Ù Öè ç·¤Øæ »Øæ ãñ, çÁÙ·¤æ ¥‹Ø â×âæ×çØ·¤ Âç˜æ·¤æ¥ô´ ×ð´ çÁ·ý Ì·¤ Ùãè´ ãôÌæ ãñÐ 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð â×âæ×çØ·¤ çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ·¤ô ÕðãÎ âÅUè·¤Ìæ ß ¥æ·¤áü·¤ M¤Â âð ÂýSÌéÌ ç·¤Øæ »Øæ ãñ, çÁââð Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ·¤× â×Ø ×ð´ Öè ©ÂØô»è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè âéÜÖ ãô â·Ô¤Ð §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚUÌ 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ¹ÕÚUð´, âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü Âè¥æ§üÕè, âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ¥Øæâ ÂýàÙ ß âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü Ì‰Øô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæ Öè ç·¤Øæ »Øæ ãñÐ §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ ¥Øæâ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° SßØ´ ·¤æ ×êËØæ´·¤Ù ·¤ÚUÙð ×ð´ âãæØÌæ ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ Øãæ¡ Øã SÂC ·¤ÚUÙæ ¥æßàØ·¤ ãñ ç·¤ ç·¤âè Öè Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ Ì‰Øô´ ·¤è ×æ˜ææ âð ’ØæÎæ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ©â·¤è »é‡æßžææ ãôÌè ãñ, §âçÜ° §âè çâfæ´Ì ·¤æ ¥ÙéÂæÜÙ ·¤ÚU·Ô¤ ã×Ùð âæÚU»çÖüÌ M¤Â ×ð´ Øã Âç˜æ·¤æ ¥æÂ·Ô¤ â×é¹ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ãñ, ¿ê´ç·¤ ·¤ô§ü Öè ·ë çÌ ¥´çÌ× Ùãè´ ãôÌè ãñ, ©â×ð´ âéÏæÚU ·¤è âÎñß â´ÖæßÙæ°¡ çßl×æÙ ÚUãÌè ãñ´Ð ¥ÌÑ âÖè Àæ˜æô´ âð ¥ÙéÚUôÏ ãñ ç·¤ ¥ÂÙð Õãé×êËØ âéÛææßô´ ß â×æÜô¿Ùæ¥ô´ âð ã×ð´ ¥ß»Ì ·¤ÚUæ°´Ð

¥ßÙèàæ Âæ‡ÇðØâÂæÎ·¤, ŠØðØ IAS

1 ebZ&2020 N vad 01www.dhyeyaias.com

ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003

ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ gky gh esa vesfjdh dPps rsy ds csapekdZ ekus tkus okys ̂ osLV VsDlkl baVjfefM,V* (West Texas Intermediate-WTI) ds Ý;wpj dkWUVªSDV (Future Contract) dh dhersa U;w;kWdZ ds baVjys VªsM (Interley Trade) esa Í.kkRed 40-32 MkWyj cSjy rd fxj x;haA

ifjp;

¥ CywecxZ (Bloomberge) ehfM;k fjiksVZ

ds eqrkfcd] orZeku esa tks MCY;wVhvkbZ

czkW.M dh izfr cSjy ØwM vkW;y dh

dhersa gSa] og bfrgkl esa ØwM vkW;y dh

lcls de dher gSA blds igys f}rh;

fo'o ;q¼ ds rqjar ckn Hkh ØwM vkW;y

dh dhersa de gqb± Fkha (Í.kkRed Lrj

rd)A

¥ orZeku esa lÅnh vjc] :l vkSj la;qDr

jkT; vesfjdk dk uke fo'o ds izeq[k

dPps rsy mRiknd ns'kks a esa fxuk tkrk

gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd fiNys dqN o"kks ±

esa vesfjdk 'ksy xSl ds mRiknu ds

lkFk&lkFk fo'o dk ,d cM+k rsy

mRiknd ns'k cudj mHkjk gSA

¥ dPps rsy dk mRiknu dqN gh ns'kksa esa gksrk

gS (;Fkk&vksisd lnL; ns'k] vesfjdk] :l

vkfn) tcfd blds [kjhnnkj deksos'k :i

ls vU; lHkh ns'k gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd

dPps rsy dh dhersa veweu fo'o cktkj

esa Å¡ph jgrh gSaA

rsy dh vFkZO;oLFkk

¥ ijEijkxr :i ls dPps rsy dh dhersa isVªksfy;e mRiknd ns'kks a ds laxBu ^vksisd* (OPEC) }kjk fu;af=kr dh tkrh FkhA fdUrq vc :l ds }kjk Hkh izkÑfrd xSl vkSj dPps rsy ds mRiknu djus ls ^vksisd Iyl* ds fl¼kar us tksj idM+k gS] vFkkZr~ vc dPps rsy dh dherksa ds fu/kZj.k esa vksisd vkSj :l nksuks a Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA

¥ tSlk fd igys crk;k tk pqdk gS fd vesfjdk Hkh fiNys dqN le; ls 'ksy xSl vkSj dPps rsy dk cM+s Lrj ij mRIkknu djus yxk gS] blfy, oSf'od cktkj esa rsy dh dhersa vksisd] :l vkSj vesfjdk ds feys&tqys fu.kZ;ks a ls fu/kZfjr gksrh gSA

¥ vksisd ,oa vU; fgr/kjd (:l o vesfjdk) oSf'od cktkj esa rsy dh dherksa dks bldh vkiwfrZ (Supply) c

22 ebZ&2020 N vad 01


egkekjh gSA dksjksuk ok;jl ds laØe.k

dks jksdus gsrq fo'o ds yxHkx lHkh

ns'kks a us vius&vius ;gk¡ ykWdMkmu yxk

j[kk gSA

¥ ykWdMkmu ds pyrs vkfFkZd xfrfof/;k¡

U;wure Lrj ij vk x;h gSa vkSj lkekftd

xfr'khyrk esa Hkh Hkkjh deh vk;h gSA

vc fliQZ vko';d oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa

dk mRiknu ,oa forj.k gks jgk gSA ;gh

dkj.k gS fd oSf'od Lrj ij dPps rsy

dh ek¡x esa Hkkjh fxjkoV vk;h gSA ek¡x

ds de gksus ls dPps rsy dh dherksa esa

deh vk x;h gSA

¥ ,d vuqeku ds eqrkfcd] bl le;

oSf'od Lrj ij rsy dh [kir esa izfrfnu

yxHkx 30 fefy;u cSjy dh fxjkoV gks

jgh gSA

¥ dPps rsy ds mRiknd ns'k ;k dEifu;k¡

blds mRiknu dks can Hkh ugha dj ldrh

gSa D;ksafd mRiknu dks can djus ds ckn

iqu% 'kq: djus esa Hkkjh ykxr vkrh gS]

vr% mRiknu dEifu;k¡ bls lLrs nkeksa ij

gh cspus dks etcwj gSaA

¥ mRikfnr gks jgs dPps rsy ds Hk.Mkj.k

dh Hkh leL;k gks jgh gS] D;ksafd T;knkrj

ns'k ,d lhfer Lrj rd gh rsy dk

Hk.Mkj.k dj ldrs gSaA Hk.Mkj.k u gks

ikus ds dkj.k Hkh rsy dh vkiwfrZ i{k esa

deh ugha vk ik jgh gS] blfy, blds

ewY; fxj jgs gSaA

¥ dPps rsy dk ,d cM+k fgLlk foekuu

m|ksx esa bLrseky gksrk Fkk] fdUrq

dksfoM&19 egkekjh ds pyrs jk"Vªh; ;k

vUrjkZ"Vªh; mM+kusa lEHko ugha gks ik jgh

gSa] ftlds pyrs dPps rsy dh ek¡x esa

vkSj fxjkoV vk;h gSA

izHkko

¥ oSf'od Lrj ij dPps rsy dh dherksa esa fxjkoV ds dkj.k fo'o vkSj Hkkjr] nksuks a gh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ij izHkko iM+ jgk gS&

fo'o

dPps rsy dh dherksa esa ;fn yEcs le; rd fxjkoV cuh jgrh gS rks blds mRiknd ns'kks a dh vFkZO;oLFkk ij xaHkhj izHkko iMsa +xsA blls u fliQZ bu ns'kks a dh dksfoM&19 egkekjh ls yM+us dh {kerk izHkkfor gksxh cfYd ;gk¡ jktuhfrd vfLFkjrk Hkh vk ldrh gSA

if'pe ,f'k;k esa [kkM+h ds ns'kks a esa vkradokn dh tM+s a vkSj etcwr gks ldrh gSaA

rsy mRiknd dEifu;ksa ds iru ls csjkstxkjh dh fLFkfr esa vkSj Hkh cko

¥ Hkkjr dks ØwM vkW;y dh de gqbZ dherksa dk vf/d ls vf/d ykHk mBkuk pkfg, vkSj vius rsy ds j.kuhfrd Hk.Mkjksa dh {kerk esa o`f¼ djuh pkfg,A

¥ Hkkjr ljdkj dks ØwM vkW;y dh de dherksa ds pyrs vius pkyw [kkrk o jktdks"kh; ?kkVk dks Hkh y{;ksa ds vuq:i izcaf/r djuk pkfg,A

vkxs dh jkg

¥ fo'o ds lHkh ns'kksa dks feydj vkxs pydj ,slh j.kuhfr cukuh pkfg, fd dPps rsy dh dherksa esa de ls de mrkj&p



ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ iapk;rh jkt] Hkkjr ds lHkh jkT;ksa esa tehuh Lrj ij yksdra=k ds fuekZ.k gsrq jkT; fo/kulHkkvksa }kjk LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA xzkeh.k lekt ds ekè;e ls xzkeh.k fodkl ds fy, iapk;rh jktO;oLFkk 24 vizSy] 1993 dks 73osa lafo/ku la'kks/u }kjk yk;k x;k FkkA rc ls 24 vizSy dks iapkprh jkt fnol ds :i esa euk;k tkrk gSA bl o"kZ iapk;rh jkt fnol dk 27ok¡ o"kZxkB euk;k x;kA

¥ mYys[kuh; gS fd iapk;r 'kklu O;oLFkk ls rkRi;Z 'kklu dh ml iz.kkyh ls gS] ftlesa fupys Lrj ij yksxksa dks Hkkxhnkj cukdj yksdrkaf=kd fodsUnzhdj.k dks lqfuf'pr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk yksxksa dks viuh leL;k,a Lo;a gy djus ds fy, l{ke cuk;k tkrk gSA

iapk;rh jkt O;oLFkk dk fodkl

¥ izkphu dky esa Hkkjrh; /eZ'kkL=k tSls&euqLe`fr] vFkZ'kkL=k vkSj egkHkkjr esa ^iapk;rh jkt O;oLFkk* dk fooj.k feyrk gSA

¥ vk/qfud Hkkjr esa 1870 esa ykMZ es;ks us iapk;rksa dks dk;kZRed ,oa foÙkh; Lok;Ùkrk iznku fd;k FkkA

¥ 1882 bZ- esa rRdkyhu ok;ljk; ykMZ fjiu us LFkkuh; Lo'kklu ds fy, ,d izLrko ikfjr fd;k] ftlesa rkywdk cksMZ rFkk ftyk cksMZ LFkkfir djus dk lq>ko FkkA bl izLrko dks ^LFkkuh; Lo'kklu dk eSXukdkVkZ* dgk tkrk gSA

¥ 1919 ds Hkkjr ljdkj vf/fu;e }kjk }S/ 'kklu iz.kkyh LFkkfir dj LFkkuh; Lo'kklu dks gLrkukUrfjr fo"k; (bu fo"k;ksa dks iz'kklu xouZj vius eaf=k;ksa dh lykg ls djrk Fkk] tks izkUrh; fo/ku ifj"kn ds izfr mÙkjnk;h gksrs Fks) ds vUrxZr j[kk x;k FkkA

¥ 1935 ds Hkkjr 'kklu vf/fu;e }kjk LFkkuh; Lo'kklu dks iw.kZr;k jkT; dk fo"k; cuk fn;k x;k FkkA

¥ Lora=krk izkfIr ds ckn egkRek xk¡/h ds xzke LojkT; dh vo/kj.kk dks vkdkj nsus ds fy, iapk;rh jkt ,oa lkeqnkf;d fodkl ea=kky; dh LFkkiuk dh x;h rFkk ,l- ds- /j dks bldk ea=kh cuk;k x;k FkkA

¥ 2 vDVwcj 1952 dks rRdkyhu iz/kuea=kh ia- tokgj yky usg: }kjk ^lkeqnkf;d fodkl dk;ZØe* rFkk 1953 esa ^jk"Vªh; izlkj lsok* LFkkfir fd;k x;kA bldk mn~ns'; vkfFkZd fodkl ,oa lkekftd iqu:¼kj esa tuHkkxhnkjh dks cko fn;k x;k FkkA bl f=k&Lrjh; O;oLFkk esa lcls fupys Lrj ^xzke Lrj ij ^xzke iapk;r*] iz[k.M Lrj ij ^iapk;r lfefr* vkSj ^ftyk Lrj ij ^ftyk ifj"kn~* ds xBu dk lq>ko fn;k x;k FkkA

¥ v'kksd esgrk lfefr o"kZ 1977 esa xfBr dh xbZ FkhA bl lfefr us f}&Lrjh;

44 ebZ&2020 N vad 01


¥ 14osa foÙk vk;ksx us xzke iapk;r fodkl

;kstukvksa (GPDP) tSls& ty vkiwfrZ]

LoPNrk] vif'k"V izca/u vkSj iqQVikFkks a

ds j[k&j[kko ds fy, fuf/ dks xzkeh.k

LFkkuh; fudk;ksa dks LFkkukarfjr djus dk

vk'oklu fn;kA

¥ blds vfrfjDr LFkkuh; iapk;rksa }kjk

cPpksa ds chp dqiks"k.k dh jksdFkke]

xjhch js[kk ls uhps dh xHkZorh efgykvksa

ds fy, mfpr vkgkj miyC/ djkuk]

xzkeh.k cPpksa dk Vhdkdj.k vfHk;ku

'kq: fd;k x;k gSA

¥ xzkeh.k fodkl ds fy, xzke iapk;r

fodkl ;kstukvksa (GPDP) dks laLFkkxr

:i nsus ds fy, ljdkj }kjk iz;kl

fd, tk jgs gSaA GPDP dk mís'; ljdkj

}kjk r; ;kstukvksa ds fy, le; lhek

fu/kZfjr djuk] izHkkoh lapkj O;oLFkk

iz.kkyh dks lqn`



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¥ gky gh esa Hkkjr ^fjiksVZlZ fonkmV ckWMZlZ* ds okf"kZd fo'ys"k.k ds vuqlkj oSf'od çsl Lora=krk lwpdkad esa 180 ns'kks a ds lewg esa nks LFkku uhps fxjdj 142osa uacj ij vk;k gSA xkSjryc gS fd fiNys lky Hkkjr 140osa LFkku ij FkkA

¥ fofnr gks fd isfjl fLFkr fjiksVZlZ lSUl ÚfUV;lZ (vkj,l,iQ) ;kuh fjiksVZlZ fonkmV ckWMZlZ ,d ukWu&çkWfiQV laxBu gS tks nqfu;k Hkj ds i=kdkjks a vkSj i=kdkfjrk ij gksus okys geyksa dks izdkf'kr djus vkSj muds f•ykiQ vkokt mBkus dk dke djrk gSA

fjiksVZ ds çeq• fcUnq

¥ bl lwpdkad ds vuqlkj] nf{k.k ,f'k;k us vU; lHkh {ks=kks a dh rqyuk esa lcls [kjkc çn'kZu fd;k gSA

¥ ^n oYMZ çsl ÚhMe baMsDl 2020* ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa 2019 esa fdlh Hkh i=kdkj dh gR;k ugha gqbZ vkSj bl rjg ns'k ds ehfM;k ds fy, lqj{kk fLFkfr esa lq/kj utj vk;kA

¥ bl lwph esa yxkrkj pkSFkh ckj ukWoZs igys uacj ij gS vkSj ukWFkZ dksfj;k lcls fupys LFkku ij gSA nwljs uacj ij fiQuySaM] rhljs ij MsuekdZ] 11osa ij teZuh] 34osa ij Úkal] 35osa ij ;wds] 45osa ij vesfjdk] 66osa ij tkiku vkSj 107osa ij czkthy gSA

¥ bl lwpdkad esa ikfdLrku dks 145oka LFkku feyk gS tcfd ckaXykns'k 151osa LFkku ij gSA blesa phu 177osa LFkku ij gSA

Hkkjr dh fLFkfr fuEu D;ksa \

¥ fjiksVZ ds eqrkfcd d'ehj esa mRiUu gqbZ fLFkfr dh otg ls Hkkjr dh jSfdax ij dkiQh çHkko iM+k gSA fiNys lky ikap vxLr dks dsaæ ljdkj us vius ,d csgn vçR;kf'kr iQSlys esa vuqPNsn 370 ds vf/drj çko/kuksa dks •Re dj tEew d'ehj dk fo'ks"k ntkZ lekIr

dj fn;k FkkA blds pyrs jkT; esa dbZ rjg ds dBksj çfrca/ yxk fn, x, Fks] ftldh otg ls i=kdkjks a dks •cjsa fn[kkusa o Nkius esa dkiQh eqf'dyksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA

¥ fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd ns'k esa yxkrkj çsl dh vktknh dk mYya?ku gqvk] ;gka i=kdkjks a ds fo#¼ iqfyl us Hkh fgalkRed dkjZokbZ dh] jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZvksa ij geys gq, vkSj lkFk gh vkijkf/d lewgksa&Hkz"V vf/dkfj;ksa }kjk foæksg HkM+dkus dk dke fd;k x;kA

¥ mYys[kuh; gS fd o"kZ 2018 esa Hkkjr esa vius dk;Z ds nkSjku de ls de 6 Hkkjrh; i=kdkj ekjs x,A ;s gR;k,a mu •rjksa dks n'kkZrh gSa ftudk lkeuk xzkeh.k bykdksa esa izk;% vaxzsth Hkk"ksÙkj i=kdkjks a dks djuk iM+rk gSA

¥ fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj fganqRo dh vo/kj.kk ds f•ykiQ vkokt cqyan djus okys i=kdkjks a ds fo#¼ lks'ky ehfM;k esa lefUor gsV dSaisu pykbZ tk jgh gSaA ;g lks'ky ehfM;k vfHk;ku rc vkSj dVq ,oa fo"kkÙkQ :i ys ysrs gSa tc budk fu'kkuk efgyk,a gksrh gSaA efgyk i=kdkjks a ij gksus okys ;kSu geyksa ,oa mudh çrkM+uk ds vusd ekeys 2018 ds ^eh Vw vfHk;ku* ds ekè;e ls mtkxj gq,A

¥ fjiksVZ ;g Hkh dgrh gS fd vf/dkjh

d'ehj tSls ftu {ks=kks a dks laosnu'khy

ekurs gSa mu {ks=kks a dh dojst vc Hkh

dfBu cuh gqbZ gSA ogka fons'kh i=kdkjks a

dk tkuk çfrcaf/r gS vkSj baVjusV Hkh

çk;% dke ugha djrkA

Hkkjr eas çsl dh Hkwfedk

¥ çsl fdlh Hkh lekt dk vkbuk gksrk

gSA Hkkjr tSls yksdrkaf=kd ns'k esa çsl

dh Lora=krk cqfu;knh t:jr gSA çsl ds

ekè;e ls ge ns'k nqfu;k esa ?kfVr gksus

okyh xfrfof/;ksa ls voxr gksdj viuk

Kku c

66 ebZ&2020 N vad 01


dks etcwrh ds lkFk vke turk dh Hkkouk dks vfHkO;ÙkQ djus dk volj gkfly gqvk gSA

Hkkjrh; çsl o ehfM;k dh pqukSfr;k¡

¥ ehfM;k dks vkarfjd vkSj ckgjh nksuks a ekspks± ij la?k"kZ djuk iM+ jgk gSA buesa vkarfjd la?k"kZ vf/d xaHkhj gSA ehfM;k vkt fofHkUu xqVks a esa caV x;k gS ftls lqfo/k ds fy, ge i{k vkSj foi{k dk uke ns rks dksbZ vfr';ksfÙkQ ugha gksxhA bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k dh vis{kk vkt Hkh yksx fçaV ehfM;k dks vf/d fo'oluh; eku jgs gaSA

¥ bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k us gekjs lkekftd ljksdkjks a dks foÑr dj cktk: cuk fn;k gSA cktkj us gekjh Hkk"kk vkSj jpukRed fotu dks u"V&Hkz"V djus esa dksbZ dlj ckdh ugha j•h gSA ,sls esa çsl dh pqukSfr;ksa dks u,



ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ Hkkjr] dksfoM&19 egkekjh dh pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus gsrq nf{k.k if'peh fgUn egklkxj lesr lewps fgUn egklkxj ds ns'kks a dh enn gsrq rRij gSA

¥ gky gh esa ^vkWijs'ku lathouh* ds rgr Hkkjr us ekynho dks nokb;k¡ ,oa vU; esfMdy midj.k Hksts gSaA

¥ blds lkFk gh Hkkjr] fgUn egklkxj vk;ksx (vkbZvkslh) dh ls'kYl esa gqbZ eaf=kifj"knh; cSBd esa i;Zos{kd lnL; (Observer Member) ds :i esa 'kkfey gqvk FkkA

fgUn egklkxj

¥ orZeku esa ty lalk/u ij fu;a=k.k djus gsrq lHkh ns'k lfØ; gSa] blhfy, dqN fo}ku dgrs gSa fd ,f'k;k esa fdlh jk"Vª dks cM+h 'kfDr cuus gsrq ;g vko';d gS fd mldk fgUn egklkxj ij izHkqÙo gksA blh dkj.k ls fo'o dh dbZ cM+h 'kSU; 'kfDr;ksa us fgUn egklkxj esa ;k rks lSU; vM~Ms cuk fy;s gSa ;k fiQj bldh vksj vxzlj gSaA

¥ nqfu;k ds dqy rsy O;kikj dk nks&frgkbZ fgLlk vkSj lEiw.kZ eky&ogu dk ,d frgkbZ fgLlk dsoy fgUn egklkxj ls xqtjrk gSA lkFk gh] nqfu;k ds yxHkx 40 ns'kks a dh lhek fgUn egklkxj ds lkFk yxrh gS vkSj nqfu;k dh rdjhcu ,d&frgkbZ vkcknh blds rVh; {ks=kks a esa clrh gSA

¥ fgUn egklkxj esa feyus okys leqnzh lalk/u vkSj vU; vkfFkZd lalk/uksa ds nksgu dh O;kid lEHkkouk gSA fgUn egklkxj {ks=k esa eNyh idM+uk Hkh yksxks a dh ,d izeq[k xfrfof/ gSA

¥ fo'o ds ik¡p egklkxjksa esa fgUn egklkxj dk rhljk LFkku gSA ;g egklkxj iwoZ esa lqaMk }hi lewg] phu o vkLVªsfy;k ls] if'pe esa vizQhdk egk}hi ls] mÙkj esa Hkkjrh; miegk}hi ls vkSj nf{k.k esa nf{k.kh /zqoh; egklkxj ls f?kjk gSA

¥ fgUn egklkxj {ks=k esa yksx leqnzh jkLrs

ls vizQhdk] vksf'kvkfu;k (Oceania)]

if'pe ,f'k;k vkSj nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k

rd vklkuh ls igq¡p cukrs gSaA ;gh dkj.k

gS fd fgUn egklkxj dk Hkw&jktuhfrd

egÙo Hkh gSA

fgUn egklkxj {ks=k esa pqukSfr;k¡

¥ gkseqZt] eyDdk vkSj ckc&vy ekUnsc

tylaf/ ds leqnz {ks=k ls fo'o ds dPps

rsy ,oa vU; oLrqvksa dk vf/drj

O;kikj gksrk gS ysfdu ;s {ks=k voS/

xfrfof/;ksa ds fy, cnuke gSaA bu {ks=kks a

esa leqnzh yqVsjs tgktksa dks vxok dj

ywV&ikV djrs gSa vkSj tgkt esa mifLFkr

lnL;ksa dks cU/d cukdj lEcfU/r ns'k

ls fiQjkSrh ek¡xh tkrh gSA

¥ phu] fgUn egklkxj ds NksV&NksVs jk"Vªks a

dks vius ½.k tky esa iQ¡lk jgk gS_

mnkgj.k ds fy, phu us Jhyadk ds

gEcuVksVk canjxkg ds fodkl gsrq ½.k

fn;k fdUrq Jhyadk }kjk bl ½.k dks u

pqdk;s tkus ij gEcuVksVk canjxkg dks

phu us 99 o"kks Z ds fy, iV~Vs (yht)

ij vf/xzfgr dj fy;k gSA

¥ ,f'k;k esa phu ds vykok Hkkjr Hkh ,d

izeq[k 'kfDr ds :i esa mHkj jgk gS]

vr% Hkkjr dks ?ksjus gsrq phu us fgan

egklkxj esa ^fLVaªx vkWiQ iyZ* dh uhfr

dks viuk;k gqvk gSA bl uhfr ds rgr fgUn egklkxj esa phu Jhyadk] E;kaekj] ckaXykns'k] ekynho vkfn ns'kks a esa viuk izHkko canjxkg vkfn fodflr djds LFkkfir dj jgk gSA

¥ fo'ks"kKksa dk ekuuk gS fd phu viuh egÙokdka{kh ;kstuk ^csYV ,.M jksM ,fuf'k,fVo* ds ekè;e ls fgUn egklkxj esa viuh vkØked mifLFkfr ntZ djk jgk gSA

¥ vkt nqfu;k ds vk/s ls vf/d l'kDr la?k"kZ fgUn egklkxj {ks=k esa ns[kus dks fey jgs gSa tks bl {ks=k ds fy, ,d cM+h lkefjd pqukSrh gSA

¥ gky gh esa vkbZihlhlh dh rhljh fjiksVZ (egklkxjksa ,oa Øk;ksLiQh;j ij tyok;q ifjorZu dk izHkko) esa dgk x;k Fkk fd vU; egklkxjksa ds vfrfjDr fgUn egklkxj {ks=k ij Hkh Xykscy okfeZx dk vlj iM+ jgk gSA ftlds dkj.k bl {ks=k esa leqnzh ty Lrj esa o`f¼] izoky fHkfÙk ,oa leqnzh ikfjra=k dk {kj.k] m".kdfVcU/h; pØokrksa dh ckjEckjrk esa o`f¼ vkfn ?kVuk,¡ ns[kus dks fey jgh gSaA

fgUn egklkxj vk;ksx (vkbZvkslh)

¥ fgUn egklkxj esa rVh; ns'kks a ds vykok dbZ NksVs&NksVs }hih; ns'k gSaA nf{k.kh if'peh fgUn egklkxj esa dqN }hih;

fgan egklkxj dh egÙkk vkSj Hkkjr dh Hkwfedk04

88 ebZ&2020 N vad 01


jk"Vªksa ds laxBu ^fgUn egklkxj vk;ksx* (Indian Ocean Commission-IOC) us viuh izHkkoiw.kZ mifLFkfr ntZ djk;h gSA

¥ njvly vkbZvkslh] nf{k.kh&if'peh fgUn egklkxj ds ik¡p }hih; jk"Vªksa (;Fkk&dkseksjksl] ekWjh'kl] esMkxkLdj] ls'kYl vkSj fj;wfu;u&izQk¡l) dk varj&ljdkjh fudk; gSA

¥ vkbZvkslh] nf{k.k&if'peh fgUn egklkxj esa ,d eSfjVkbe flD;ksfjVh vkfdZVsDpj (Maritime Security Architecture) miyC/ djkus ds lkFk&lkFk bl {ks=k esa ,d mi;qDr lkxjh; vfHk'kklu (Maritime Governance) ij Hkh tksj ns jgk gSA

¥ fgUn egklkxj vk;ksx ds eSfjVkbe flD;ksfjVh vkfdZVsDpj esa nks dsUnz izeq[k Hkwfedk j[krs gSa&

{ks=kh; leqnzh lwpuk lay;u dsUnz (Regional Maritime Information Fusion Centre-RMIC)A

{ks=kh; leUo; lapkyu dsUnz (Regional Coordination Operation Centre-

RCOC)A

vkj,evkbZlh] fgUn egklkxj esa gksus okyh fdlh Hkh leqnzh xfrfof/ dks lnL; ns'kksa ds lkFk lk>k djrk gSA tcfd vkjlhvkslh] bUgha lwpukvksa ds vk/kj ij lHkh lnL; ns'kksa dks ,dlkFk feydj dk;ZokbZ djus dh lqfo/k iznku djrk gSA

vkbZvkslh] Lora=k :i ls dk;Z djrk gS vkSj t:jr iM+us ij cM+s&cM+s oSf'od ns'kksa ls enn Hkh izkIr djrk gSA gky gh esa Hkkjr dks Hkh vkbZvkslh esa i;Zos{kd lnL; dk ntkZ gkfly gqvk gSA Hkkjr ds vfrfjDr blds vU; i;Zos{kd gSa&;wjksih;

la?k] ekYVk] baVjus'kuy vkxZukbts'ku vkWiQ ykW izQkalksiQksuh (vksvkbZ,iQ) vkSj phuA

Hkkjr ,oa fgUn egklkxj

¥ Hkkjr dh Cyw bdksukWeh ds fy, fgUn egklkxj dkiQh egÙoiw.kZ gSA Hkkjr dh yEch rV js[kk fgUn egklkxj ls feyrh gS vkSj nks }hih; la?k 'kkflr izns'k (vaMeku o fudksckj vkSj y{k}hi) ;gha fLFkr gSaA

¥ 'kq:vkr esa Hkkjr us fgUn egklkxj esa vis{kkÑr de è;ku fn;k Fkk] blh dkj.k Hkkjr dks j.kuhfrd :i ls bl {ks=k esa c



ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ gky gh esa 57&lnL;h; bLykWfed lg;ksx laxBu (Organization of Islamic Cooperation- OIC) us dgk gS fd Hkkjr esa bLykeksiQksfc;k cdj dksf'k'ksa dh tk jgh gSaA blls lrdZ jgus dh t:jr gSA Hkkjr esa vYila[;dksa ds /kfeZd] lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd vf/dkj iwjh rjg lqjf{kr gSaA /eZfujis{krk vkSj ln~Hkko Hkkjrokfl;ksa ds fy, jktuhfrd iQS'ku ugha oju tquwu gSA ;g Hkkjr ns'k dh rkdr gSA blh rkdr us lcds /kfeZd o lkekftd vf/dkjksa dks cjdjkj j•k gSA

bLykeksiQksfc;k D;k gS

¥ bLykeksiQksfc;k vFkkZr eqfLyeksa vkSj bLyke ds izfr xSjeqfLyeksa (tks yksx eqfLye ugha gSa) ds fnyksfnekx esa xyr tkudkjh ds lkFk ,d csotg iSnk fd, x, Mj dks dgk tkrk gSA ,d ,slk Mj ftlds dkj.k lkeus okyk O;fÙkQ bLyke vkSj eqfLyeksa ls uiQjr djus yxrk gS] baVjusV ds bl nkSj esa bLykeksiQksfcd daVsUV dh lks'ky ehfM;k ls ysdj esuLVªhe ehfM;k rd esa ck

1010 ebZ&2020 N vad 01


vksvkbZlh esa Hkkjr Hkkxhnkjh dk bPNqd ugha

¥ pkj egk}hiksa ds 57 ns'kks a dh lnL;rk okys vksvkbZlh dks oSf'od dwVuhfr esa la;qÙkQ jk"Vª la?k ds ckn nwljs lcls cM+s laxBu dk ntkZ gkfly gSA bl laxBu dh dgh gqbZ ckr dks iwjs eqfLye leqnk; dh la;qÙkQ jk; dk ntkZ fn;k tkrk gSA vHkh rd d'ehj eqís ij vksvkbZlh dh rjiQ ls ikfdLrku ds #• dk leFkZu fd;k tkrk jgk gS vkSj d'ehfj;ksa dh rFkkdfFkr vktknh dh ekax ds leFkZu esa ;g laxBu 2017 esa ladYi çLrko Hkh ikfjr dj pqdk gSA ,ssls esa Hkkjr fojks/h utfj;s ds dkj.k Hkkjr bl laxBu esa Hkkxhnkjh dk bPNqd ugha jgk gSA

¥ ikfdLrku vkSj lÅnh vjc ds pyrs gh vksvkbZlh dh igyh cSBd esa Hkkjr ckgj jgk FkkA igyh cSBd 1969 esa eksjDdks dh jkt/kuh jokr esa gqbZ Fkh] rc bls bLykfed dkaÚsal vkxZsukbts'ku dgk tkrk FkkA blds ckn ls gh] nqfu;k esa nwljh lcls cM+h eqfLye vkcknh dk ns'k gksus ds ckotwn Hkkjr dks vksvkbZlh dh lnL;rk ugha feyhA ikfdLrku bl eap dk bLrseky ges'kk Hkkjr ds rh•s fojks/

ds fy, djrk jgk gSA gkykafd vcw/kch esa ,d ekpZ] 2019 dks vkxZsukbts'ku vkWiQ bLykfed dkWiks Zjs'ku (vksvkbZlh) ds fons'k eaf=k;ksa dh ifj"kn ds 46osa l=k ds mn~?kkVu esa Hkkjr igyh ckj vkeaf=kr esgeku ds rkSj ij f'kjdr fd;k FkkA

Hkkjr dks D;k djuk pkfg,

¥ ikfdLrku dks NksM+dj Hkkjr vksvkbZlh ds lHkh lnL;ksa ds lkFk vius laca/ csgrj Hkh djrk vk;k vkSj /hjs /hjs dkjksckjh laca/ksa dks jktuhfrd laca/ksa ls otuh cukus esa dke;kch gkfly dj yh gSA

¥ vksvkbZlh lnL; ns'kks a esa lÅnh vjc]

la;qÙkQ vjc vehjkr] drj] vkseku]

eksjDdks] VÔwfuf'k;k vkSj felz tSls ns'kks a

ls Hkkjr ds f}i{kh; dkjksckj vkSj fuos'k

okys laca/ dkiQh csgrj gSaA vjc •kM+h

esa djhc 60 yk• Hkkjrh; jgrs gSa vkSj

dke djrs gSa] ftuesa vk/s lÅnh vjc

esa jgrs gSaA blfy, Hkkjr dks pkfg, fd

os bu ns'kks a ds lkFk lEcU/ksa dks vkSj

e/qj cuk,A

¥ •kM+h ns'kks a ds fy, Hkkjr fuos'k dk

csgrjhu fBdkuk ekuk tkrk gS] tcfd

bZjku] lÅnh vjc] la;qÙkQ vjc vehjkr

vkSj bjkd Hkkjr dks rsy vkiwfrZ djus

okys vge ns'k gSaA gkykafd bLykfed

laxBu ds ns'kks a ds chp gh vkil esa Hkkjh

fojks/ gSA blfy, Hkkjr dks bLykfed

jk"Vªks a dh dwVuhfr dks le>dj dne

mBkuk gksxkA

vkxs dh jkg

¥ •kM+h ns'kks a o bLykfed ns'kks a dh rjiQ

ls trkbZ xbZ etcwr bPNk'kfÙkQ gS fd

os Hkkjr ds lkFk lkekU; O;kikfjd o

dwVuhfr fj'rksa ls vkxs tkuk pkgrs gSaA

¥ •kl rkSj ij ;w-,-bZ us Hkkjr ds lkFk vius

j.kuhfrd fj'rksa dks vkSj T;knk etcwr

djus dh çfrc¼rk fn•kbZ gSA ;g Hkkjr

esa jgus okys 18-5 djksM+ eqlyekuksa ds

lkFk gh Hkkjr dh fofo/rk o bLykfed

fo'o dks Hkkjr ds ;ksxnku ds çfr vknj

fn•kus okyk Hkh gSA

¥ Hkkjr dk lafo/ku /kfeZd Lora=krk ds

vf/dkj dh xkjaVh nsrk gS] ftlesa /kfeZd

vYila[;d leqnk;ksa dks vko';d lqj{kk

çnku dh tkrh gSA vr% COVID-19 tSlh

egkekjh esa lHkh /eks± ds yksxks a dks ,d

lkFk feydj leL;k dk lkeuk djuk

pkfg,A

lkekU; vè;;u isij&2

Topic: f}i{kh;] {ks=kh; vkSj oSf'od lewg vkSj Hkkjr ls lacaf/r vkSj@ vFkok

Hkkjr ds fgrksa dks izHkkfor djus okys

le>kSrsA

Hkkjr ds fgrksa] Hkkjrh; Mk;liksjk ij

fodflr rFkk fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh

uhfr;ksa rFkk jktuhfr dk izHkkoA

iz- gky gh esa vksvkbZlh us Hkkjr ij bLykeksiQksfc;k dk vkjksi yxk;k gSA D;k ;g vkjksi lgha gS ;k ;g fdlh nq"izpkj dk ifj.kke gS\ ppkZ djsaA



ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ gky gh esa Hkkjr ljdkj us dksfoM&19

ds çHkko ds dkj.k ?kjsyw daifu;ksa ds

voljoknh vf/xzg.k ds fdlh Hkh ç;kl

ij jksd yxkus ds fy, viuh FDI uhfr esa

la'kks/u dj fn;k gSA ftldk lh/k vlj

ns'k dh lhek ls yxs iM+kslh ns'kks a ij

iM+sxk] eq[; :i ls phu ijA bl lanHkZ

es aphu us dgk gS fd fof'k"V ns'kks a ds

fuos'kdksa ds fy, Hkkjr }kjk fu/kZfjr u;s

,iQMhvkbZ ekunaM fo'o O;kikj laxBu

ds xSj&HksnHkko ds fl¼kar dk mYya?ku

djrs gSa] vkSj O;kikj ds mnkjhdj.k vkSj

fuos'k dh lqfo/k ds fo#¼ tkrs gSaA

i`"BHkwfe

¥ 17 vçSy dks] m|ksx vkSj vkarfjd

O;kikj lao/Zu foHkkx (DPIIT) us

voljoknh vf/xzg.k vkSj Hkkjrh; iQeks±

ds vf/xzg.k dks jksdus ds fy, FDI uhfr

dks la'kksf/r fd;k vkSj dgk fd ",d

xSj&vkoklh; bdkbZ ;k ml ns'k ds ,d

ukxfjd] tks Hkkjr ds lkFk lhek lk>k

djrk gS] dsoy ljdkj ls iwoZ vuqefr

ls gh fuos'k dj ldrk gS"A

¥ ikfdLrku] ckaXykns'k ds fuos'kdksa ij

igys ls gh bl rjg dh 'krZ ykxw gS]

tcfd Jhyadk] E;kaekj] HkwVku vkSj usiky

tSls ns'k Hkkjr ds fy;s çeq• fuos'kd

ugha gSaA blls eq[; :i ls phu dks gkfu

igqapus dh mEehn gSA Hkkjrh; O;kikj

{ks=k esa 2014 ls phu ds infpÉ dk rsth

ls foLrkj gks jgk gSA uohure mik;ksa

ls Hkkjr esa phuh foLrkj dks jksdk tk

ldsxkA

¥ è;krO; gS fd Hkkjr us ,iQMhvkbZ fuos'k

ds fy, vFkZO;oLFkk ds vf/dka'k {ks=kks a

dks Lopkfyr ekxZ ds fy, •ksy fn;k gS]

ysfdu j{kk] varfj{k vkSj ijek.kq ÅtkZ

tSls {ks=k fuf"k¼ gSaA

¥ la'kksf/r uhfr esa ;g Hkh mYys• fd;k x;k gS fd fdlh Hkh çdkj ds ,iQMhvkbZ fuos'k ;kuh xzhuiQhYM ;k czkmuiQhYM ds fy, ljdkjh vuqefr vfuok;Z gSA

¥ è;krO; gS fd xzhuiQhYM fuos'k }kjk u, la;a=kks a esa ;k ubZ mRiknu {kerk esa fuos'k fd;k tkrk gSa] tcfd czkmu iQhYM fuos'k ekStwnk la;a=kks a esa fuos'k ls lacaf/r gSA

phu dk rdZ

¥ phu us Hkkjr ds bl dne dh vkykspuk djrs gq, dgk gS fd Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk uohure ,iQMhvkbZ ds mik; O;kikj vkSj fuos'k ds ,d Lora=k] fu"i{k] xSj&HksnHkkoiw.kZ] ikjn'khZ] iwokZuqekfur vkSj fLFkj okrkoj.k dk ,glkl djokus vkSj gekjs cktkjks a dks •qyk j•us ds fy, th 20 ds vke le>kSrs ds fo#¼ gSA

¥ daifu;k¡ cktkj ds fl¼karks a ds vk/kj ij gh viuk fodYi rS;kj djrh gSa vkSj blfy, Hkkjr dks HksnHkkoiw.kZ uhfr;ksa dks la'kksf/r dj] fofHkUu ns'kks a ls leku :i ls fuos'k dh vuqefr nsuh pkfg,] rFkk ,d •qys] fu"i{k vkSj leku O;kikj okrkoj.k dks c

1212 ebZ&2020 N vad 01


bl ckr dh ,d egRoiw.kZ laHkkouk

gS fd dqN daifu;ksa dks osru dVkSrh] Hkqxrku esa nsjh ;k ukSdjh esa dVkSrh tSls mik;ksa ds ekè;e ls O;kikj dks iqu% iVjh ij ykus dh dksf'k'k djsaxhA

varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dkuwu esa xSj&HksnHkko dk fl¼kar (GATT ifjçs{;)

¥ MCY;wVhvks dkuwu esa xSj&HksnHkko ,d egRoiw.kZ vo/kj.kk gSA

¥ xSj&HksnHkko dk fl¼kar nks LraHkksa ij fVdk gS% lcls ilanhnk jk"Vª (,e,iQ,u) mipkj nkf;Ro vkSj jk"Vªh; mipkj nkf;RoA

¥ xSj&HksnHkko dk fl¼kar MCY;wVhvks ds Hkhrj vf/dkjksa vkSj nkf;Roksa ds larqyu ds fy, bruk ekSfyd gS fd ;g dqN vioknksa ds v/hu gksus ij Hkh dkuwuh çHkkoksa dks çsfjr djrk jgrk gSA

Hkkjr esa ,iQ-Mh-vkbZ-

¥ ,iQMhvkbZ bafM;k ,d ,tsaV ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gS tks fons'kh fuos'kdksa dks çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k ds voljksa ls tksM+rk gSA

¥ ;g ,d flxay IysViQkWeZ dh rjg dk;Z djrk gS tks fuos'kdksa dks muds fuos'k ds fy, vklku laidZ çnku djrk gSA

¥ Hkkjr esa FDI dks nks ekxks±& Lopkfyr ekxZ vkSj ljdkjh ekxZ ds ekè;e ls igq¡pk;k tk ldrk gSA

¥ Lopkfyr ekxZ% bl ekxZ ls] fcuk fdlh ljdkjh LohÑfr ds çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dh vuqefr gSA

¥ ljdkjh ekxZ% bl ekxZ ij] fuos'k djus ls igys ljdkj dh LohÑfr vko';d gSA fuos'k ds çLrkoksa ij ç'kklfud ea=kky; foHkkx }kjk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA

leL;k,a

¥ ;g uhfr fofHkUu fuos'kksa tSl baMLVªh Iys;lZ] foÙkh; laLFkkuksa vkSj m|e iwath dks"k (osapjdSfiVy iQ.M) ds chp varj ugha djrh gS rks] blfy, bl rjg ds ç;ksx ls vuisf{kr leL;k,a mRiUu gks ldrh gSaA

¥ osapj dSfiVy iQ.M dh jk"Vªh;rk dks fpfÉr djuk Hkh csgn eqf'dy gksxk] osapj dSfiVy iQaM ij çfrca/ Hkkjrh; cktkj esa dbZ LVkVZ&vi dh laHkkoukvksa dks çHkkfor dj ldrk gS A

¥ Hkkjr esa] tksesVks] Lohxh] esd&ekbZfVªi]fcxckLdsV] vks;ks] vksyk vkSj LusiMhy tSlh daifu;ka ;k rks osapj dSfiVy iQaM vkWiQ&'kksj esa iathÑr gSa ;k ;w,l ;k gkaxdkax esa LVkWd ,Dlpsatksa esa lwphc¼ gSaA

¥ phuh fuos'kdksa }kjk futh daifu;ksa esa vf/xzg.k ds fy, ljdkj dh eatwjh dks vko';d cukus

ls laHkkfor fuos'kdksa esa deh vk,xhA

¥ Hkkjr esa lcls vf/d fn•kbZ nsus okyk phuh

fuos'k] T;knkrj baVjusV ds {ks=k esa gS] ftUgsa

u, fu;eksa dh ifjHkk"kk ds varxZr ykuk dfBu

gksxkA

¥ 2017 esa fons'kh fuos'k lao/Zu cksMZ dks lekIr djus ls ,iQMhvkbZ ds vuqdwy xarO; ds :i esa Hkkjr dh Nfo dks c



lanHkZ

¥ rsth ls c vR;f/d gSA vko';drk bl ckr dh gS fd de Hkwfe ij vf/d vUu mRiknu fd;k tk;A blfy, pkoy mRiknu ç.kkfy;ksa esa çca/u ds fy, lq/kj dh vko';drk gSA

pkoy vkSj tyh; thoksa dh lg&laLÑfr

¥ orZeku esa pkoy dh •srh ls xzhu gkml xSlksa (th,pth) dk mRltZu ge lHkh ds fy, fpark dk fo"k; gSA è;krO; gS fd oSf'od tyok;q ifjorZu dk Ñf"k mRiknu ls djhch laca/ gSA

¥ ehFksu (CH4) vkSj ukbVªl vkWDlkbM

(N2O) nks çeq• xzhu gkml xSl gSa ftudk

mRltZu Ñf"k {ks=k ls gksrk gSA ehFksu dk mRltZu dkcZfud inkFkks ± tSls fd ikS/s ds vo'ks"kks a] dkcZfud inkFkks ± vkSj dkcZfud moZjdksa ds tyeXu gksus ij (tgka vkWDlhtu dh deh gksrh gS) muds vok;oh; {kj.k ij fuHkZj djrk gSA

¥ ok;qeaMy esa dqy 10&20 çfr'kr ehFksu /ku ds •srksa ls vkrk gSA ;g blfy, fparktud gS D;ksafd feFksu dk Xykscy okfeZax iksVsaf'k;y (GWP) dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dh rqyuk esa 25 xquk vf/d gSA

¥ GWP ;g fu/kZfjr djrk gS fd dkSu lh xSl m"ek dks fdruh vf/d nsj rd /kj.k dj ldrh gSA

¥ /ku o tyh; thoksa dh lg&la;kstu dsoy ,d Ñf"k&mRiknu dk vH;kl ugha gS] cfYd ,d Ñf"k&laLÑfr iSVuZ gS]ftlesa /ku dh iQly ds lkFk tyh; i'kq mRiknu (mnkgj.k ds fy, eNyh] 'ka•]

dsdM+k] >haxk vkSj cr•) lg&laLÑfr ls Hkwfe vkSj ty lalk/uksa ds vf/dre mi;ksx dh rduhd dks çLrkfor fd;k tkrk gSA

¥ /ku&eRL; Ñf"k iz.kkyh nqfu;k Hkj esa fo'ks"k :i ls m".kdfVca/h; vkSj mi&miks".kdfVca/h; {ks=k esa ,d vf}rh; Ñf"k&ifjn`'; dk xBu djrh gSA

¥ 'kks/ ls irk pyk gS fd /ku&eRL; Ñf"k iz.kkyh ehFksu vkSj vU; th,pth xSlksa ds mRltZu dks de djus esa l{ke gSA

¥ tyh; tho fo'ks"k :i ls fupys iQhMj (tSls&dsdM+s vkSj dkiZ) vius xfrfof/;ksa ls ;k dHkh&dHkh Hkkstu dh •kst djrs le; feêðh dh ijrksa dks vLrO;Lr djrs gSa vkSj bl rjg os CH

4 (ehFksu) mRiknu

çfØ;kvksa dks çHkkfor djrs gSaA

¥ laHkkfor :i ls] tyh; tho ikuh vkSj feêðh ds {ks=k esa ?kqfyr vkWDlhtu c

1414 ebZ&2020 N vad 01


ls cpkus ds fy, Hkh iQk;nsean gS] tks ,d çeq• oSf'od i;kZoj.kh; eqík gSA

¥ /ku&eRL; Ñf"k iz.kkyh dks dsoy de ek=kk esa dhVuk'kd vkSj moZjd dh vko';drk gksrh gSA

¥ bl ç.kkyh dk vkfFkZd igyw ;g bafxr djrk gS fd bls viukus ls fdlkuksa dh vkfFkZd n{krk esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA ,d fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] ckaXykns'k esa] /ku&eRL; Ñf"k iz.kkyh }kjk çkIr 'kq¼ vk; jkbZl eksuksdYpj dYVhos'ku dh rqyuk esa 50 çfr'kr vf/d FkhA

¥ /ku&eRL; iz.kkyh ls pkoy dh iSnkokj 10&26 çfr'kr vf/d gqbZ] Je buiqV 19&22 çfr'kr de vkSj mRiknd lkexzh dh vko';drk Hkh 7 çfr'kr de iM+hA

¥ blds vfrfjÙkQ] eNyh mRiknu }kjk Hkh 'kq¼ vk; esa o`f¼ gqbZA baMksusf'k;kbZ vkadM+ksa ls irk pyrk gS fd /ku dh ,d gh iQly dh rqyuk esa /ku&eRL; Ñf"k ç.kkyh esa 27 çfr'kr vf/d 'kq¼ ykHk feyrk gSA

¥ ;g fof/ Ñf"k m|ksx dks eRL; m|ksx ls tksM+rh gS] tks eksuksdYpj Ñf"k ds ekeys esa laHko ugha gSA

Hkkjr dh fLFkfr

¥ Hkkjr esa pkoy dh •srh ds fy, miyC/ Hkwfe dk dqy {ks=kiQy 43-5 fefy;u gsDVs;j gS] ftlesa ls vuqekfur 20 fefy;u gsDVs;j /ku&eRL; Ñf"k iz.kkyh dks viukus ds fy, mi;qÙkQ gSA rFkkfi]orZeku esa Hkkjr esa dsoy 0-23 fefy;u gsDVs;j /ku&eRL; Ñf"k iz.kkyh ds varxZr mi;ksx fd;s tkrs gSA

¥ fofHkUu vè;;uksa ls irk pyk gS pkoy dh mit eksuksdYpj dh rqyuk esa dks&dYpj

flLVe }kjk vf/d gksrh gSA bl çdkj] bl de {kerk okys mPp laHkkfor {ks=k ls mPp mRikndrk çkIr djuk ,d rRdky vko';drk gSA

¥ /ku&eRL; Ñf"k dh fof/ laHkor% mÙkj iwoZ esa pkoy dh •srh dh 'kq#vkr ds lkFk gh 'kq: gks xbZ Fkh] D;ksafd ;gk¡ ty ls Hkjs pkoy ds •sr eNyh ds fy, ,d çkÑfrd vkokl cukrs gSaA

¥ Hkkjr esa /ku&eRL; Ñf"k dk {ks=k ,d mRÑ"V Hkfo"; gSA vle esa gq, vè;;uksa ls irk pyk gS fd bl iz.kkyh us O;ogk;Z] i;kZoj.k ds vuqdwy] de ykxr] de tksf•e okyh vfrfjÙkQ vkfFkZd xfrfof/ ds dbZ ykHkksa ds lkFk&lkFk xzkeh.k fdlku leqnk;ksa ds fy, ck djus ds fy, ,d eap çnku djrk gSA

¥ bu ykHkksa ds lkFk] fdlku lg&laLÑfr dh rduhd dks viukus ds fy, Hkh rS;kj gSa D;ksafd ;g mudh vkfFkZd fLFkfr esa lq/kj djrk gS vkSj lkFk gh ;g egRoiw.kZ dkS'ky vkSj rduhdh dk Kku çnku djus okys fofHkUu fgr/kjdksa ds chp laidZ c



2- jsfeVsal (çs"k.k) dk egRo ¥ vè;;u crkrs gSa fd jsfeVsal xjhc

vkSj eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa esa xjhch dks de djrs gSa] iks"k.k ds ifj.kkeksa esa lq/kj djrs gSa] f'k{kk ij vf/d •pZ ls tqM+s gksrs gSa vkSj oafpr ifjokjksa esa cky Je dks de djrs gSaA

¥ jsfeVsal fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds fy, vk; dk ,d egRoiw.kZ lzksr gSA jsfeVsal esa fxjkoV mi;qZDr {ks=kksa ij •pZ djus dh ifjokjksa dh {kerk dks çHkkfor djrh gSA

3-Hkkjr dh fLFkfr

¥ Hkkjr jsfeVsal dk nqfu;k esa lcls cM+k çkIrdrkZ gS] ijUrq dksjksuks ok;jl egkekjh ds dkj.k o"kZ 2020 esa Hkkjrh; çokfl;ksa }kjk Hksts tkus okys jsfeVsal esa fiNys lky ds 83 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj esa 23» dh fxjkoV ds lkFk 64 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj rd igqapus dh lEHkkouk gSA

¥ xkSjryc gS fd o"kZ 2019 esa Hkkjr dks jsfeVsal ds :i esa çkIr gksus okys /u esa 5-5» dh o`f¼ ds lkFk dqy 83 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj çkIr gq, Fks] tks dqy vuqekfur vk; dk yxHkx 12» FkkA

¥ o"kZ 2018 esa Hkkjr fo'o esa lcls vf/d jsfeVsal çkIr djus okyk ns'k Fkk] vk¡dM+ksa ds fglkc ls bl nkSjku yxHkx 170 yk• çoklh Hkkjrh;ksa us fo'o ds dbZ ns'kksa esa dk;Z djrs gq, jsfeVsal ds ekè;e ls ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa ;ksxnku fn;k FkkA

¥ Hkkjr esa jsfeVsal ds :i esa çkIr gksus okys /u dk ,d cM+k fgLlk xzkeh.k {ks=kksa ls vU; ns'kksa (eq[;r% vjc ns'kksa) esa x, dkexkjksa }kjk Hkstk tkrk gS] ,sls esa yacs le; rd jsfeVsal esa deh xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk dks çHkkfor dj ldrh gSA

1- ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ gky gh esa fo'o cSad us COVID-19 dk jsfeVsal (çs"k.k&izokfl;ksa }kjk Hkstk gqvk /u) ij çHkko ls lacaf/r ,d fjiksVZ tkjh dh gS] ftlds vuqlkj o"kZ 2020 esa oSf'od Lrj ij çokfl;ksa }kjk Hksts tkus okys /u esa Hkkjh fxjkoV ns•h tk ldrh gSA

egRoiw.kZ czsu cwLVlZ7

4- iM+kslh ns'kksa dh fLFkfr ¥ fo'o cSad dh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] o"kZ 2020 esa ikfdLrku dk jsfeVsal 23» dh fxjkoV ds lkFk 17 fcfy;u

vesfjdh MkWyj rd igq¡p ldrk gS] tcfd fiNys o"kZ ikfdLrku dks 6-2» dh o`f¼ ds lkFk jsfeVsal ds :i esa 22-5 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj çkIr gq, FksA

¥ bl fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] o"kZ 2020 esa caXykns'k ds jsfeVsal esa 22»] usiky ds jsfeVsal esa 14» vkSj Jhyadk ds jsfeVsal esa 19» rd dh fxjkoV gks ldrh gSA

5- oSf'od ifjn`'; ¥ bl lky oSf'od Lrj ij egkekjh vkSj ykWdMkmu ls çsfjr vkfFkZd ladV ds dkj.k jsfeVsal esa yxHkx 20 çfr'kr dh fxjkoV dk vuqeku gS A

¥ vuqekfur fxjkoV eksVs rkSj ij çoklh Jfedksa ds osru vkSj jkstxkj esa fxjkoV ds dkj.k gksrh gS] tks ,d estcku ns'k esa vkfFkZd ladV ds nkSjku gksrs gSaA

¥ fo'o ds vU; çeq• fgLlksa esa tSls& ;wjksi vkSj eè; ,f'k;k (27-5»)] mi&lgkjk vÚhdk (23-1»)] nf{k.k&,f'k;k (22-1»)] eè;&iwoZ vkSj mÙkjh vÚhdk (19-6»)] ySfVu vesfjdk rFkk dSjsfc;u (19-3»)] iwohZ ,f'k;k vkSj ç'kkar egklkxj {ks=k (13») esa jsfeVsal esa Hkkjh fxjkoV ns•us dks fey ldrh gSA

¥ Hkkjr ds lkFk gh nf{k.k ,f'k;k ds dbZ vU; ns'kksa ds fy;s eè;&iwoZ ds ns'k jkstxkj vkSj jsfeVsal dk ,d cM+k lzksr gSa] ijUrq dPps rsy dh dherksa esa Hkkjh fxjkoV ls lÅnh vjc vkSj la;qÙkQ vjc vehjkr tSls rsy mRiknd ns'kksa ds vFkZO;oLFkk ij udjkRed vlj iM+sxkA

jsfeVsal (izs"k.k) ij fo'o cSad dh fjiksVZ 01

1616 ebZ&2020 N vad 01


1- ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ gky gh esa dsaæh; eaf=keaMy us ,d vè;kns'k }kjk COVID-19 egkekjh ds nkSjku dke djus okys LokLF; lsok dfeZ;ks ds f•ykiQ gks jgs fgalk ls j{kk gsrq egkekjh jksx vf/fu;e] 1897 esa la'kks/u fd;k gSA

2- i`"BHkwfe ¥ fiNys dqN eghuksa ls LokLF; lsok dfeZ;ksa ij miæfo;ksa

}kjk mUgsa ok;jl ds okgd ds :i esa ekudj] geyk fd;k tk jgk FkkA

¥ lkFk gh lkFk muij dyad vkSj vi'kxqu tSls vkjksi yxkdj vuqfpr fgalk vkSj mRihM+u djus ds ekeys lkeus vk jgs FksA

¥ ,slh ohHkRl fLFkfr fpfdRlk leqnk; dks lokZsÙke çn'kZu djus vkSj muds eukscy dks cuk, j•us ls jksdrh gS] tcfd jk"Vªh; LokLF; ladV ds le; esa muds eukscy dks cuk;s j[kuk ,d egRoiw.kZ vko';drk gSA

3-vè;kns'k ds çeq[k çko/ku

¥ vè;kns'k dk çeq• mís'; gS fd ekStwnk egkekjh ds nkSjku] fdlh Hkh fLFkfr esa LokLF; lsok dfeZ;ksa ds f•ykiQ fdlh Hkh rjg dh fgalk vkSj laifÙk ds uqdlku dks cnkZ'r ugha fd;k tk;sxkA

¥ ;g vè;kns'k fgalk dks laKs; vkSj xSj&tekurh vijk/ cukus dk çko/ku djrk gSA

¥ blesa LokLF; lsok dfeZ;ksa dh pksV ;k mudh laifÙk dks uqdlku ;k {kfr ds {kfriwfrZ dk çko/ku gSA

¥ LokLF; lsok dfeZ;ksa esa lkoZtfud vkSj uSnkfud LokLF; lsok çnkrk tSls MkWDVj] ulZ] iSjkesfMdy dk;ZdrkZ vkSj lkeqnkf;d LokLF; dk;ZdrkZ] dksbZ Hkh vU; O;fÙkQ ftls] bl chekjh ds çdksi dks jksdus ;k blds çlkj dks jksdus ds fy, bl vf/fu;e ds rgr vf/dkj çkIr gks vkSj dksbZ Hkh O;fÙkQ ftls jkT; ljdkj ds vkf/dkfjd jkti=k esa vf/lwpuk }kjk ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA

¥ blds rgr LokLF; dfeZ;ksa dks xaHkhj pksV yxus dh fLFkfr esa] vfHk;qÙkQ dks 6 eghus ls 7 lky ds chp ltk lqukbZ tk ldrh gS vkSj ml ij 1 yk• ls 5 yk• #i;s rd dk tqekZuk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA

¥ ;fn LokLF; dfeZ;ksa ds okguksa ;k Dyhfudksa dks uqdlku gqvk gS] rks {kfrxzLr laifÙk ds cktkj ewY; dk nksxquk eqvkotk vfHk;qÙkQksa ls fy;k tk,xkA

¥ blds vuqlkj 30 fnuksa dh vof/ ds Hkhrj baLisDVj jSad ds ,d vf/dkjh }kjk vijk/ksa dh tkap dh tk,xhA

4- egkekjh jksx vf/fu;e]1897 ds çko/ku

¥ ;g vf/fu;e jkT; ljdkjksa @ dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa dks egkekjh ds çdksi ls fuiVus vkSj fo'ks"k mik; djus ds fy, fu;e cukus dk vf/dkj nsrk gSA

¥ ;g jkT; dks vLFkk;h fu;eksa }kjk turk ;k fdlh Hkh O;fÙkQ ;k fdlh oxZ ds O;fÙkQ;ksa ds fgrksa dks lajf{kr djus dk Hkh vf/dkj nsrk gS] tks dh bl rjg dh chekjh ;k blds çlkj dks jksdus ds fy, ;g vko';d gSA

¥ ;g vf/fu;e fdlh Hkh fofu;eu ds rgr fn, x;s vkns'k dh voKk djus ds fy, naM dk Hkh izko/ku djrk gS] tks Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk dh /kjk 188 ds vuqlkj gksxkA

¥ bl vf/fu;e ds rgr dk;kZUo;u vf/dkfj;ksa dks dkuwuh laj{k.k Hkh izkIr gSA

5- jk"Vªh; Lrj ds dkuwu dh vko';drk ¥ ekStwnk jkT; dkuwu] vkerkSj ij dsoy 'kkjhfjd fgalk ij vf/d è;ku dsafær djrs gSa ysfdu ?kj vkSj dk;ZLFky ij mRihM+u dks doj ugha djrs gSaA

¥ bu naMkRed dkuwuksa esa fufgr çko/ku nqHkkZoukiw.kZ nqO;Zogkj ds fuokj.k ds fy, i;kZIr ugha gSA

LokLF; dfeZ;ksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, vè;kns'k02



1- ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ Hkkjr esa tc dksjksuk&19 dk izlkj rst xfr ls gks jgk gS ogha ns'k dk ,d jkT; dsjy vius lgha j.kuhfr vkSj lw>cw> ds dkj.k dksjksuk ok;jl ls fuiVus esa iw.kZr% liQyrk dh vksj c

1818 ebZ&2020 N vad 01


1- ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ gky gh esa dsUnz ljdkj us vYdksgy okys gSaM lSfuVkbtj cukus ds fy, Hkkjrh; [kk| fuxe (,iQlhvkbZ) ds ikl miyC/ vf/'ks"k pkoy ds bLrseky dks eatwjh ns nh gSA

¥ Hkkjr esa iQSy jgs dksjksuk egkekjh ls cpko ds fy, t:jh gSaM lSfuVkbtj dh c



1- ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ dksjksuk ok;jl ls iQSys egkekjh ds dkj.k laiw.kZ ns'k esa ykWdMkmu dh fLFkfr cuh gqbZ gSA blh chp xqtjkr ljdkj us ^lqtyke lqiQyke ty lap; vfHk;ku* ds rhljs laLdj.k ds fy, gjh >.Mh ns nh gSA

¥ xqtjkr esa Hkwfexr tyLrj dks Åapk mBkus ds egRokdka{kh vfHk;ku ^lqtyke lqiQyke ty lap; vfHk;ku* dk jkT;O;kih rhljk pj.k 20 vizSy ls 10 twu ds nkSjku iwjk djus dk xqtjkr ljdkj us iQSlyk fd;k gSA

2- i`"BHkwfe ¥ lqtyke lqiQyke ty lap; vfHk;ku ds izFke

laLdj.k dh 'kq:vkr 1 ebZ 2018 dks 'kq: dh xbZ FkhA

¥ jkT; esa xgjs rkykcksa] >hyksa] ufn;ksa] psd&MSe vkSj tyk'k;ksa ds ekè;e ls vc rd ty HkaMkj.k {kerk 23]000 yk[k D;wfcd iQhV c

2020 ebZ&2020 N vad 01


1- ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ Hkkjrh; oSKkfudksa us ,d isij&csLM VsLV fLVªi cukus esa liQyrk gkfly dh gS tks COVID-19 ok;jl ds laØe.k dks fMVsDV dj ldrh gSA

¥ Hkkjr ds egku fiQYedkj lR;thr js dh fiQYe ds ,d dkYifud tklwl ^iQsywnk* ds uke ij bldk uke j[kk x;k gSA

2- iQsywnk ¥ ;g ,d de ykxr okyh isij&fLVªi VsLV gS tks ,d ?k.Vs ds Hkhrj dksjksuk ok;jl ls laØfer O;fDr dh tk¡p dj ldrk gSA

¥ dkmflay vkWiQ lkbafVfiQd ,aM baMfLVª;y fjlpZ (CSIR) dh lgk;d laLFkk baLVhV~;wV vkWiQ thuksfeDl ,aM baVhxzsfVo ck;ksykWth (IGIB) }kjk bl fdV dks cuk;k x;k gSA

¥ futh iz;ksx'kkykvksa esa 4500# dh ykxr okys RT-PCR (Reverse Transcripition Polymerase chain reaction) VsLV dh rqyuk esa bldh dher 500#i;sa gSA

¥ bl tk¡p dks thok.kq izfrj{kk izksVhu iz.kkyh ds vk/kj ij fd;k tkrk gS] ftls Cas 9 dgk tkrk gSA

¥ blesa vR;k/qfud Crispr-Cas9 thu&,fMfVax VsDuksykWth dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

3-thu ,oa thu ,fMfVax

¥ DNA dh cuh vfr lw{e jpuk,a tks vkuqokaf'kd y{k.kksa (yackbZ] Ropk ;k ckyksa dk jax) dk /kj.k ,oa mudks ,d ih



1- ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ gky gh esa Xykscy usVodZ vxsaLV iwQM Økbfll }kjk [kkn~; ladV ij oSf'od fjiksVZ (Global Report on Food Crisis) dk u;k laLdj.k tkjh fd;k x;kA

¥ bl fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj dksfoM&19 egkekjh ds dkj.k detksj ,oa vfodflr ns'kksa esa [kkn~; ladV dh fLFkfr xaHkhj gks ldrh gSA

3- Xykscy usVodZ vxsaLV iQwM Økbfll }kjk fy, x, ladYi

¥ [kkn~; ladV dh leL;k dks de djus ds fy, ;FkkFkZ vkdM+ksa dh miyC/rk dks c

2222 ebZ&2020 N vad 01


iz- jsfeVsal ij fo'o cSad dh fjiksVZ ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&

1- Hkkjr jsfeVsal ds ekeys esa nqfu;k esa lcls cM+k izkIrdrkZ gSA

2- o"kZ 2019 esa Hkkjr esa jsfeVsal ds :i esa izkIr gksus okys /u esa 5-5» dh o`f¼ ds lkFk dqy 83 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj izkIr gq, FksA

3- fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj o"kZ 2020 esa ikfdLrku dk jssfeVsal 23» dh fxjkoV ds lkFk 17 fcfy;u MkWyj igq¡p ldrk gSA

mi;qZDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\

(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3

(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3

mÙkj% (d)

O;k[;k% gky gh esa fo'o cSad us dksfoM&19 ds le; jsfeVsal ij ,d fjiksVZ tkjh dh gSA Hkkjr jsfeVsal ds ekeys esa nqfu;k dk lcls cM+k izkIrdrkZ gSA Hkkjr o"kZ 2019 esa jsfeVsal ds :i esa izkIr gksus okys /u esa 5-5» dh o`f¼ ds lkFk dqy 83 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj izkIr fd;k FkkA fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj o"kZ 2020 esa ikfdLrku dk jsfeVsal 23» ?kVdj 17 fcfy;u MkWyj igq¡p ldrk gSA bl rjg rhuksa dFku lgha gSaA vr% mÙkj (d) gksxkA

oLrqfu"B iz'u rFkk muds O;k[;k lfgr mÙkj

(czsu cwLVlZ ij vk/kfjr)7

jsfeVsal (izs"k.k) ij fo'o cSad dh fjiksVZ

01

LokLF; dfeZ;ksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, vè;kns'k

02

dsjy dk dkljxksM ekWMy03

iz- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&

1- LokLF; dfeZ;ksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, yk;k x;k vè;kns'k fgalk

dks laKs; vkSj xSj&tekurh vijk/ cukus dk izko/ku djrk

gSA

2- bl vè;kns'k esa LokLF; lsok dfeZ;ksa dh pksV ;k ,slh laifÙk

dks uqdlku ;k {kfr] ftlesa LokLF; lsok dfeZ;ksa dh egkekjh

ds laca/ esa vijks{k fgr fufgr gks] ds {kfriwfrZ dk izko/ku gSA

3- LokLF; dfeZ;ksa dks xaHkhj pksV djus dh fLFkfr esa] vfHk;qDr

dks 4 eghus ls 5 lky ds chp ltk lqukbZ tk ldrh gSA

4- blds varxZr 60 fnuksa dh vof/ ds Hkhrj baLisDVj jSad ds

,d vf/dkjh }kjk vijk/ksa dh tkap dh tk,xhA

mi;ZqÙkQ esa ls dkSu lk@ls dFku lgh gS@ gaS\


(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 4 (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

mÙkj% (b)

O;k[;k% LokLF; dfeZ;ksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, tks vè;kns'k yk;k x;k

gS blds varxZr LokLF; dfeZ;ksa dks xaHkhj pksV yxus dh fLFkfr esa vfHk;qDr

dks 6 eghus ls 7 lky ds chp ltk lqukbZ tk ldrh gSA ;gha ugh blds

rgr 30 fnuksa dh vof/ ds Hkhrj baLisDVj jSad ds ,d vf/dkjh }kjk

vijk/ksa dh tk¡p dh tk,xhA bl rjg dFku 3 vkSj 4 xyr gSa] vr% mÙkj

(b) gksxkA

iz- fn, x;s dFkuks a esa ls xyr dFku dk p;u dhft,&

(a) dsjy dk dkljxksM ekWMy dksjksuk ok;jl ls yM+us ds fy,

cuk;k x;k gSA

(b) dkljxksM ekWMy dks ik¡p Lrjks a ij cuk;k x;k gSA

(c) HkhyokM+k ekWMy dksfoM&19 ls fuiVus ds fy, jktLFkku

}kjk 'kq: fd;k x;k gSA

(d) iBkuefpV~Bk ekWMy dsjy esa dksfoM&19 ls cpus ds fy,

'kq: fd;k x;k gSA

mÙkj% (b)

O;k[;k% dsjy ds dkljxksM ekWMy ds rgr dksfoM&19 ij

dsjy esa fot; izkIr dh xbZ ftldh ppkZ iwjs fo'o esa gks jgh gSA bl

ekWMy dks rhu Lrjks a ij (u fd ik¡p Lrj) cuk;k x;k gSA bl rjg

dFku (b) xyr gS] blfy, mÙkj (b) gksxkA



pkoy ls gSaM lSfuVkbtj dk fuekZ.k

04

lqtyke lqiQyke ty lap; vfHk;ku

05

iQsywnk vkSj fØLij (CRISPR) rduhd

06

[kkn~; ladV ij oSf'od fjiksVZ07


1- dsUnz ljdkj us vYdksgy okys gSaM lSfuVkbtj cukus ds fy, Hkkjrh; [kkn~; fuxe dks eatwjh ns nh gSA

2- vkf/dkfjd vkWdM+ksa ds vuqlkj ,iQlhvkbZ ds ljdkjh xksnkeksa esa dqy 58-49 fefy;u Vu [kk|kUu gS] ftlesa pkoy 30-97 fefy;u Vu gSA

3- ,iQlhvkbZ dh LFkkiuk 1965 esa [kk|kUu fuxe vf/fu;e 1964 ds rgr gqbZ FkhA



(c) mijksDr lHkh (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

mÙkj% (c)

O;k[;k% gky gh esa dsUnz ljdkj us vYdksgy okys gSaM

lSfuVkbtj cukus ds fy, Hkkjrh; [kkn~; fuxe (,iQlhvkbZ) ds ikl

miyC/ vf/'ks"k pkoy ds bLrseky dh eatwjh ns nh gSA miyC/

vkWdM+ks a ds eqrkfcd ,iQlhvkbZ ds ljdkjh xksnkeksa esa dqy 58-49

fefy;u Vu [kk|ku gS] ftlesa pkoy 30-97 fefy;u Vu vkSj xsg¡w

27-52 fefy;u Vu gSA ,iQlhvkbZ dh LFkkiuk 1965 esa dh xbZ FkhA

bl rjg rhuksa dFku lgh gSa] blfy, mÙkj (c) gksxkA

iz- lqtyke lqiQyke ty lap; vfHk;ku ds lanHkZ esa

fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&

1- ;g vfHk;ku jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk izkjaHk dh xbZ egRokdka{kh

;kstuk gS] ftlesa ty fudk;ksa dks xgjk vkdkj fn;k tkrk

gSA

2- ;g ;kstuk iw.kZr% dsUnz ljdkj izk;ksftr gS] bldk iwjk [kpZ

dsUnz ljdkj ogu djrh gSA

3- egkRek xk¡/h jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh vf/fu;e

(eujsxk) dks Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk 2005 esa izLrqr fd;k x;k

FkkA



(c) dsoy 3 (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

mÙkj% (c)

O;k[;k% lqtyke lqiQyke ty lap; vfHk;ku xqtjkr ljdkj

}kjk izkjaHk dh xbZ egÙokdka{kh ;kstuk gS] ftlesa s ty fudk;ksa dks

xgjk vkdkj fn;k tkrk gSA bl rjg dFku 1 xyr gSA ;g ;kstuk

lkoZtfud futh Hkkxhnkjh i¼fr ij vk/kfjr gS] blesa gksus okys [kpZ

dk 60» jkT; ljdkj vkSj 40» futh {ks=kks a ds ;ksxnku ls iwjk gkssrk gSA

bl rjg dFku 2 Hkh xyr gSA vr% mÙkj (c) gksxkA


1. iQsywnk dksfoM&19 ijh{k.k dh ,d isij&fLVªi VsLV fdV gSA

2- bldk fuekZ.k baLVhV~;wV vkWiQ thuksfeDl ,aM baVhxzsfVo ck;ksykWth }kjk fd;k x;k gSA

3- blesa CRISPR-Cas9 rduhdh dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA



(c) 1] 2 vkSj 3 (d) mijksDr esa ls dksbZ ugha

mÙkj% (c)

O;k[;k% iQsywnk ,d de ykxr okyk isij fLVªi VsLV gS tks ,d ?k.Vs ds Hkhrj dksjksuk ok;jl ls laØfer O;fDr dh tk¡p dj ldrk gSA bldk fuekZ.k lh,lvkbZvkj dh lgk;d laLFkk baLVhV~;wV vkWiQ thuksfeDl ,aM baVhxzsfVo ck;ksykWth }kjk fd;k x;k gSA blesa vR;k/qfud CRISPR-Cas9 thu,fMfVax rduhdh dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA bl rjg

rhuksa dFku lgh gaS] blfy, mÙkj (c) gksxkA


1- Xykscy usVodZ vxsaLV Økbfll }kjk tkjh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj dksfoM&19 ds dkj.k o"kZ 2020 ds var rd iwjs fo'o esa 25 djksM+ ls vf/d yksx Hkq[kejh dk f'kdkj gks ldrs gSaA

2- Xykscy usVodZ vxsaLV iQwM Økbfll ,d igy gS] ftls o"kZ 2010 esa ekuoh; f'k[kj lEesyu ds le; 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA


(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2

(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuks a (d) u rks 1 u gh 2

mÙkj% (a)

O;k[;k% Xykscy usVodZ vxsaLV Økbfll }kjk [kk| ladV ij oSf'od fjiksVZ tkjh fd;k x;kA bl fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj dksfoM&19 egkekjh ds dkj.k o"kZ 2020 ds var rd iwjs fo'o esa 25 djksM+ ls vf/d yksx Hkq[kejh dk f'kdkj gks ldrs gSaA Xykscy usVodZ vxsaLV iQwM Økbfll ,d igy gS ftls o"kZ 2016 (u fd 2010) esa ekuoh; f'k[kj lEesyu ds le; ;wjksih; la?k] [kk| ,oa Ñf"k laxBu rFkk fo'o [kk| dk;ZØe }kjk 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA bl rjg dFku 2 xyr gSA blfy, mÙkj (a) gksxkA

2424 ebZ&2020 N vad 01


egRoiw.kZ [kcjsa7

vacqckph esyk02

mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk vkfnoklh Ldwyksa esa f'k{kdksa ds 100 izfr'kr vkj{k.k ij jksd

01

¥ gky gh esa mPpre U;k;ky; us vkfnoklh bykdksa ds Ldwyksa esa f'k{kdksa ds 100 iQhlnh in vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa ds fy;s vkjf{kr djus ds vka/z çns'k ds vkns'k dks fujLr dj fn;kA U;k;ky; us dgk fd ;g euekuk gS vkSj lafo/ku ds varxZr bldh btktr ugha gSA

¥ U;k;ewfrZ v:.k feJk dh vè;{krk okyh ikap lnL;h; lafo/ku ihB us vius iQSlys esa dgk fd 100 iQhlnh vkj{k.k çnku djuk vuqfpr gksxk vkSj dksbZ Hkh dkuwu ;g vuqefr ugha nsrk gS fd vf/lwfpr bykdksa esa fliQZ vkfnoklh f'k{kd gh i



dh tkrh gSA pkSFks fnu czã eqgwrZ esa nsoh dks Luku djokdj Ük`axkj ds mijkar gh eafnj J¼kyqvksa ds fy, •ksyk tkrk gSA

¥ nsoh dk ;ksfueqækihB nl lh

2626 ebZ&2020 N vad 01


¥ fo'o cSad }kjk gky gh esa vçSy 2020 dk ¶deksfMVh ekdZsV~l vkmVyqd¸ (Commodity Markets Outlook) tkjh fd;k x;kA ;g vkmVyqd eq[; miHkksÙkQk oLrq lewgksa ds fo"k; esa cktkj fo'ys"k.k çLrqr djrk gS] tSls&ÅtkZ] /krq] Ñf"k] ewY;oku /krq vkSj •knA ;g çfrosnu isVªksfy;e lfgr 46 eq[; miHkksÙkQk oLrqvksa ds nke dh Hkfo";ok.kh djrk gSA deksfMVh ekdZsV~l vkmVyqd o"kZ esa nks ckj vçSy vkSj vDVwcj esa Nirk gSA

¥ dksfoM&19 egkekjh ds dkj.k oSf'od vkS|ksfxd ekax esa dkiQh fxjkoV gqbZ gS] ftldk çHkko o"kZ 2020 dh igyh frekgh esa vf/dka'k /krq dh dherksa ij ns•us dks feyk gS vkSj /krq dh dherksa esa dkiQh fxjkoV vkbZ gSA o"kZ 2020 esa /krq dh dherksa esa 13 çfr'kr dh fxjkoV dk vuqeku gS] D;ksafd oSf'od ekax esa deh vkbZ gS vkSj çeq• m|ksx can gks x, gSaA /krq dh dhersa eq[; :i ls oSf'od xfrfof/;ksa esa eanh ls çHkkfor gqbZ gSa] fo'ks"k :i ls phu esa ftldh oSf'od

Lrj ij /krq dh ekax esa vk/s ls vf/d fgLlsnkjh gSA

¥ dksfoM&19 ds dkj.k miHkksÙkQk oLrqvksa dh ekax vkSj vkiwfrZ nq"çHkkfor gks jgh gS D;ksafd gj txg rkykcanh gks jgh gS vkSj vkfFkZd xfrfof/;k¡ Bi gks xbZ gSaA fo'ks"kdj ifjogu ls tqM+h miHkksÙkQk oLrqvksa ij ?kksj ladV vk x;k gSA rsy ds nke ,d ne ls uhps vk x;s gSaA dPps rsy dh ekax o"kZ 2020 esa yxHkx 10

çfr'kr ?kVus dh mEehn gS] tks chrs fdlh Hkh fxjkoV ds eqdkcys nksxquk gSA oSls rks •k| cktkjks a esa vkiwfrZ Bhd Bkd gS] ijUrq] dbZ ns'kks a }kjk O;kikj çfrca/ ?kksf"kr djus vkSj vko';drk ls vf/d Ø; djus ls •k| lqj{kk fparuh; gks xbZ gSA gkyk¡fd Ñf"k mRiknksa dh dherksa ij bldk dqN vf/d çHkko ugha gqvk gS] fdarq vkiwfrZ Ük` a•yk esa O;o/ku] fu;kZr çfrca/ vkSj ljdkj }kjk fd;s x, HkaMkj.k us vke ukxfjdksa ds le{k •k|

vlqj{kk dh pqukSrh mRiUu dj nh gSA vkfFkZd xfrfof/;k¡ Bi gksus ls rkEcs] tLrs vkSj vU; /krqvksa tSlh vkS|ksfxd miHkksÙkQk oLrqvksa ds nke bl o"kZ ?kVrs pys tk;saxsA bl egkekjh ds dkj.k miHkksÙkQk oLrqvksa ij fuHkZj mHkjrs gq, cktkj vkSj fodkl'khy vFkZO;LFkkvksa dks lokZf/d {kfr igqapsxhA

deksfMVh ekdZsV~l vkmVyqd04

bZ xzke Lojkt iksVZy05

¥ bZ xzke Lojkt iksVZy dks ns'k ds ç/kuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh ds }kjk 24 vçSy 2020 dks jk"Vªh; iapk;rh jkt fnol ds volj ij ns'k Hkj ds ljiapksa ls ohfM;ks dkWUÚsaflax ds ekè;e ls ykWUp fd;k x;k gSA blds lkFk gh ç/kuea=kh us E-Gram Swaraj App dks Hkh ykWUp fd;k gSA ;g iksVZy vkSj ,si ns'k Hkj esa iapk;rh jkt laLFkkuksa (ihvkjvkbZ) esa bZ&xouZsal dks etcwr djsxsaA bl vkWuykbu iksVZy ds ekè;e ls iapk;r fodkl dk;kZs ]muds •aM vkSj dkedkt dh tkudkjh xk¡o ds lHkh yksx çkIr dj ldrs gSaA

bZ&xzke Lojkt iksVZy ij gksxh xzke iapk;r dh gj tkudkjh

¥ bZ&xzke Lojkt iksVZy ds tfj;s xzke iapk;rksa dh leL;k] muls tqM+h tkudkjh ,d gh

txg ij miyC/ gks ldsxhA iz/kuea=kh th us dgk fd dksjksuk ladV ls gesa lcd feyk gS fd vc vkRefuHkZj gksuk dkiQh t:jh gSA dksjksuk ladV ds chp xkao okyksa us nqfu;k dks cM+k lans'k fn;kA xkao okyksa us lks'ky fMLVsaflax (Social Distancing) gh

ugha cfYd 'nks xt nwjh' dk lans'k fn;kA ,slh eqlhcrksa ls fuiVus esa xzke iapk;rksa dh vge Hkwfedk gksxh] ftlls yksdra=k Hkh etcwr gksxkA

¥ bZ&xzke ,si ds tfj;s xzke iapk;rksa ds iQaM (Funds)] mlds dkedkt dh iwjh tkudkjh



xzkeh.kksa dks miyC/ gksxhA blls xzke iapk;rksa ds dkedkt esa ikjnf'kZrk vkus ds lkFk gh ifj;kstukvksa dks iwjk djus ds dke esa Hkh rsth vk,xhA bZ&xzke Lojkt ,si (E-Gram Swaraj App) iapk;rksa dk ys•ktks•k j•us okyk flaxy fMftVy IysViQkWeZ gksxkA

¥ bZ&xzke Lojkt ,si ls iapk;r esa gksus okys fodkl dk;ks±] •pZ gksus okys iQaM vkSj vkus okyh ;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh feysxhA bl ,si ds tfj;s xkao ds gj O;fÙkQ dks irk gksxk fd mlds {ks=k esa

D;k ;kstuk py jgh gSA ml ij fdruk iSlk •pZ gks jgk gSA ;s nksuks a tkudkfj;ka gj xzkeh.k ds ikl gksus ls iapk;rksa ds dke esa ikjnf'kZrk vkuk r; gSA

¥ blds lkFk gh iz/kuea=kh us LokfeR; ;kstuk dh Hkh 'kq:vkr dh gSA

¥ LokfeRo ;kstuk 2020 ds tfj;s xzkeh.k bykdksa esa jgus okyksa dks dbZ iQk;ns gksaxsA blls laifÙk dks ysdj Hkze vkSj >xM+s •Re gks tk,axsA blls xkao esa fodkl dk;ks± dh ;kstuk cukus esa enn feysxh] blds vykok 'kgjksa dh gh rjg vc

xkaoks a esa Hkh yksx cSadksa ls dtZ ys ldsaxsA LokfeRo ;kstuk ds rgr xkaoksa esa Mªksu ls ,d&,d laifÙk dh eSfiax dh tk,xhA

¥ blls yksxksa ds chp >xM+s •Re gks tk,axs] lkFk gh fodkl dk;ks± dks jÝrkj feysxhA ogha] 'kgjksa dh gh rjg xzkeh.k bykdksa esa laifÙk;ksa ij cSad vklkuh ls dtZ ns ldsaxsA vHkh LokfeRo ;kstuk dks mÙkj çns'k] eè; çns'k] egkjk"Vª] dukZVd] gfj;k.kk vkSj mÙkjk•aM esa Vªk;y ds rkSj ij 'kq: fd;k tk jgk gSA blds ckn bls ns'k ds gj xkao esa ykxw fd;k tk,xkA

¥ ç/kuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh us 12oha lnh ds dukZVd ds lekt lq/kjd vkSj ohj'kSo fyaxk;r lekt dh laLFkkid Hkxoku clos'oj dh t;arh ij 'kqHkdkeuk,a nhA

egkRek clos'oj ds ckjs esa

¥ egkRek clos'oj dk tUe 1134 bZloh- esa dukZVd ds chtkiqj ftyk fLFkr HkkxsokM+h esa gqvk FkkA mUgksaus miu;u laLdkj (tusÅ /kj.k) gksus ds ckn fliQZ 8 lky dh vk;q esa gh bl tusÅ ds /kxs dks rksM+ fn;k FkkA egkRek clos'oj chnj ftys ds clodY;k.k ds jktk fcTty ds ikl ea=kh Hkh jgs vkSj ml nkSjku dbZ inksa ij viuh lsok,a Hkh nh FkhaA mUgksaus xjhc&vehj vkSj tkr&ikr ds uke ij lekt esa gks jgs

HksnHkko ds f•ykiQ vkokt cqyan dh FkhA

¥ egkRek clos'oj dks fgUnw /eZ esa tkfr O;oLFkk vkSj lekt dh vU; dq#fr;ksa ds f•ykiQ vkanksyu NsM+us ds fy, Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA egkRek clos'oj dks fo'oxq#] HkfÙkQ HkaMkjh rFkk clo ds uke ls Hkh cqyk;k tkrk gSA mUgksaus fyax] tkfr&/eZ] lkekftd fLFkfr dh ijokg fd, cxSj yksxksaa dks cjkcj ds volj nsus dh odkyr dh vkSj mudk ekuuk Fkk fd Hkxoku fujkdkj gSA

egkRek clos'oj dk ;ksxnku

¥ egkRek clos'oj us 800 lky igys ukjh çrkM+uk dks •Re djus dh yM+kbZ yM+hA lkFk gh oks f'ko ds mikld Fks vkSj mUgksaus

eBksa] eafnjks a esa iQSyh dqjhfr;ksa] va/fo'oklksa vkSj vehjksa dh lÙkk dks pqukSrh nhA czkã.k ifjokj esa tUes clos'oj us czkã.kks a dh opZLooknh O;oLFkk dk fojks/ fd;kA os tUe vk/kfjr O;oLFkk dh txg deZ vk/kfjr O;oLFkk esa fo'okl djrs FksA mUgksaus lkekftd dqjhfr;ksa dks gVkus ds fy, bl u, laçnk; dh LFkkiuk dh] ftldk uke fyaxk;r FkkA

¥ lar clos'oj }kjk LFkkfir bl fyaxk;r lekt dks dukZVd dh vxM+h tkfr;ksa esa fxuk tkrk gS vkSj jkT; dh dqy vkcknh dk 18 iQhlnh fyaxk;r gSaA egkjk"Vª] rsyaxkuk vkSj vka/z çns'k tSls iM+kslh jkT;ksa esa Hkh fyaxk;rksa dh vPNh •klh vkcknh gSA

¥ fyaxk;r lEçnk; ds yksx uk rks osnks a esa fo'okl j•rs gSa vkSj uk gh ewfrZ iwtk esaA gkykafd fyaxk;r Hkxoku f'ko dh iwtk ugha djrs] ysfdu muds izrhd :i b"Vfyax dh iwtk djus ds rjhdksa dh ppkZ djrs gaSA fyaxk;rksa dk b"Vfyax vaMs dh xsanuqek vkÑfr gksrh gS ftls os /kxs ls vius xys esa cka/rs gSa vkSj mls vkarfjd psruk dk çrhd ekurs gSaA muds vuqlkj fujkdkj ijekRek dks ekuo ;k çkf.k;ksa ds vkdkj esa dfYir u djds fo'o ds vkdkj esa b"Vfyax dh jpuk dh xbZ gSA

clok t;arh 06

2828 ebZ&2020 N vad 01


lÅnh vjc dk ekuokf/dkj dh fn'kk esa cM+k dne07

¥ dksjksuk ok;jl egkladV ds chp lÅnh vjc us ekuokf/dkjkas ds gd esa ,d cM+k dne mBkrs gq, ,slk iQSlyk fy;k gS ftlus nqfu;k dks gSjku dj fn;k gSA lÅnh mPpre U;k;ky; us ns'k esa dksM+s ekjus dh ltk •Re djus dh ?kks"k.kk dh gSA lÅnh vjc ds 'kkg vkSj ;qojkt (Økmu fçal) }kjk ekuokf/dkj dh fn'kk esa mBk;k x;k ;g rktk dne ljkguh; gSA ns'k dh vnkyrksa }kjk nh tkus okys dksM+s ekjus dh ltk dk iwjh nqfu;k ds ekuokf/dkj lewg fojks/ djrs gSa D;ksafd dbZ ckj vnkyrsa 100 dksM+s rd ekjus dh ltk lqukrh gSaA

¥ lÅnh vjc ds mPpre U;k;ky; dk dguk gS fd rktk lq/kj dk y{; ns'k dks 'kkjhfjd naM ds f•ykiQ varjkZ"Vªh; ekuokf/dkjksa ds ekunaMksa ds vkSj djhc ykuk gSA fiQygky fookgsÙkj ;kSu laca/] 'kkafr Hkax djuk vkSj gR;k rd ds ekeyksa esa vnkyrsa vklkuh ls nks"kh dks dksM+s ekjus dh ltk lquk ldrh FkhaA U;k;ky; us ,d c;ku esa dgk gS fd Hkfo"; esa U;k;k/h'kks a dks tqekZuk] tsy ;k fiQj lkeqnkf;d lsok tSlh ltk,a pquuh gksaxhA

¥ gky ds o"kks Z esa lÅnh esa dksM+s ekjus dh ltk ml le; cgqr lqf•Z;ksa esa vkbZ Fkh tc 2014 esa CykWxj jbiQ cknkoh dks

bLyke dh rkSghu dk nks"kh crkrs gq, 40

lky dSn vkSj 1000 dksM+s ekjus dh ltk

lqukbZ xbZ FkhA

¥ gky gh esa 69 o"khZ; ,fDVfoLV vCnqYyk

vy&gehn dh dSn esa LVªksd ls ekSr ds

ckn lÅnh vjc esa ekuokf/dkjksa dks

ysdj loky mBs FksA blds dqN gh fnuksa

ckn ljdkj us ;g iQSlyk fd;k gSA fçal

eksgEen Økmal fçal ds ckxMksj laHkkyus

ds ckn lÅnh vjc esa ekuokf/dkjksa dk

fjdkWMZ •jkc gqvk gSA ,sls esa dksM+s ekjus

dh ltk dks •Re djus dk dne csgn

egRoiw.kZ gSA



egRoiw.kZ vH;kl iz'u(eq[; ijh{kk gsrq)

7

fdlh O;fDr }kjk uSfrd fu.kZ; ysus esa ^HkkoukRed cqf¼eÙkk* fdl izdkj lgk;d gks ldrh gS\ ppkZ djsaA07

gky gh esa dsUnzh; eaf=keaMy us LokLF; dfeZ;ksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, ,d vè;kns'k dks eatwjh nh gSA ;g vè;kns'k LokLF; dfeZ;ksa ds fy, fdl izdkj lgk;d gS\ ppkZ djsaA

01

dksjksuk ok;jl ds iQSyrs laØe.k us vesfjdk vkSj phu ds chp xfrjks/ dks vR;f/d c

3030 ebZ&2020 N vad 01


egRoiw.kZ rF;(izkjafHkd ijh{kk gsrq)7

0104 05

og ty izca/u izkf/dj.k] ftls vkf/dkfjd rkSj ij ty 'kfDr ea=kky; ds v/hu yk;k x;k gS\01

- dkosjh ty izca/u izkf/dj.k

fdl ns'k us viuh /jrh ls bZjku lefFkZr fgTcqYykg dh xfrfof/;ksa ij izfrca/ yxk fn;k gS\03

- teZuh

og ns'k] ftlds }kjk viuk izFke lSU; mixzg liQyrkiwoZd ykWUp fd;k x;k\06

- bZjku

og dsUnzh; ea=kky;] ftlds }kjk us'kuy baizQkLVªDpj ikbi ykbu ij VkLd iQkslZ dk xBu fd;k x;k gS\02

- dsUnzh; foÙk ea=kky;

dksfoM&19 laØe.k ls cpko gsrq gsYFkds;j dk;ZdrkZvksa ds fy, lsaVªy eSdsfudy bathfu;fjax fjlpZ baLVhV~;wV }kjk dkSu lk jkscksV fodflr fd;k x;k gS\

05

- vLirky ns[kHkky lgk;d jkscksV fMokbl (HCARD)

fdl jkT; us xjhc Nk=kksa ds fy, ^txUuk.k fon~;k nhosuk* ;kstuk 'kq: dh gS\04

- vkU/z izns'k

og izFke vjc ns'k] ftlds }kjk ekfjtqvkuk (Hkk¡x) dh [ksrh dks oS/rk iznku dh xbZ\07

- yscuku



egRoiw.kZ mfDr;k¡(fuca/ rFkk mÙkj ys[ku esa mi;ksxh)7

0104 06

vkidh ekU;rk,¡ vkids fopkj cu tkrs gSa] vkids fopkj vkids 'kCn cu tkrs gSa] vkids 'kCn vkids dk;Z cu tkrs gSa] vkids dk;Z vkidh vknr cu tkrs gSa] vkidh vknrsa vkids ewY; cu tkrs gSa] vkids ewY; vkidh fu;fr cu tkrh gSA

01

- egkRek xka/h

euq"; }kjk fd;k vPNk O;ogkj mls rkdr nsrk gS vkSj nqljksa dks mlh rjg ls vPNk O;ogkj djus ds fy, çsfjr djrk gSA 03

- IysVks

dkuwu dh ifo=krk dsoy rc rd cuh jg ldrh gS tc rd ;g yksxkas dh vfHkO;fÙkQ gksA06

- Hkxr flag

fdlh dk;Z ds çfr tquwu ml dke dks ckj&ckj dj vyx&vyx ifj.kkeksa dh mEehn j[kus esa gksrk gSA02

- vYcVZ vkbaLVhu

gj ,d geykoj jk"Vª dh ;g nkok djus dh vknr gksrh gS fd og viuh j{kk ds fy;s geyk dj jgk gSA05

- tokgj yky usg:

ges'kk è;ku esa jf[k;s dh vkidk liQy gksus dk ladYi fdlh Hkh vkSj ladYi ls egÙoiw.kZ gSA04

- vczkge fyadu

eq>s Kku ds fy, lhek fu/kZfjr djuk Fkk rkfd fo'okl ds fy, txg cuk ldw¡A07

- bEekuqvy dk.V

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