Modifying The Design

P.M. Ram Sankar 11MMF 0007Sadeesh. P 11MMF 0008D.B Prashant 11MMF 0011

Need for DesignIn the modern day commercial environment,

companies must continually carry out design modifications and enhancements to products and equipment. This is crucial for products to remain competitive with regards to price, performance and quality.

The days of releasing a product to market and not then evolving it are long gone – Customers and end-users alike all demand more for their money.

What is modification of design

A design modification is a major or minor change in the design of an item, effected in order to correct a deficiency, to facilitate production, or to improve operational effectiveness.

Need for Modification

•In the modern day commercial environment, companies must continually carry out design modifications and enhancements to products and equipment. This is crucial for products to remain competitive with regards to price, performance and quality. The days of releasing a product to market and not then evolving it are long gone – Customers and end-users alike all demand more for their money.

•For companies or individuals that have existing designs, it can offer a value added service by analyzing the current design and suggesting effective, practicable solutions to increase quality, improve ergonomics, combined with simplifying and reducing the manufacturing cost.

Types of phases in modification of design Requirements Phase

The Requirements Phase of development is where the designer gathers information to produce a set of specifications for the device. Conceptual Design Phase

After developing a new set of specifications for a design, the developer can brainstorm solutions to realize the new design.Detailed Design Phase

Now the designer is ready to start defining the details of the new design. This phase will consist of detailed Computer Aided Design (CAD) drawings with specific dimensions. Development Phase

This is essentially when a prototype of the design will be constructed. There are many different forms of prototyping, so it may vary based on the type of product. After prototyping, rigorous testing must be performed.Implementation Phase

Lastly, after a prototype has been rigorously tested, it then needs to be produced. Implementation is the practice of making the new device.

Identifying Customer Needs

• Gather raw data from customers

• Interviews

• Focus groups

• Observing product in use

Documenting the interactions with Customers for modification

•Audio recording

•Notes

•Video recording

•Still photography

Organize the Need for modification into a Hierarchy

•Primary needs•Secondary needs•Print or write each need statement•Eliminate redundant statements•Group the needs according to the similarity •For each group, choose a label•Consider creating super groups consisting of two to five groups•Review and edit the organized needs statements

Establish the relative importance of the

Needs

•Relying on the consensus of the team members

based on their experience with customers

•Basing the importance assessment on further

customer surveys

Reflect on the results and process

• Interaction with all of the customers in our

target market

• Capturing the latest needs

• Areas of inquiry to pursue in follow-up

interviews or survey

In 1950

In 1972

2011 and present

CASE STUDY : MODIFICATION IN DESIGN OF F4U-1 FIGHTER AIRCRAFT

•Production F4U-1s featured several major modifications compared with the XF4U-1. A change of armament to six wing mounted .50 in (12.7 mm) M2 Browning Machine Guns (three in each outer wing panel) and their ammunition (400 rpg for the inner pair, 375 rpg for the outer) meant that the location of the wing fuel tanks had to be changed.

•In order to keep the fuel tank close to the center of gravity, the only available position was in the forward fuselage, ahead of the cockpit. Accordingly a 237 gal (897 l) self-sealing fuel tank replaced the fuselage mounted armament, the cockpit had to be moved back by 32 in (810 mm) and the fuselage lengthened.

•In addition, 150 lb of armor plate was installed, along with an 1.5 in (38 mm) bullet-proof windscreen which was set internally, behind the curved Plexiglas windscreen.

•The canopy could be jettisoned in an emergency and curved transparent panels, providing the pilot with a limited rear view over his shoulders, were inset into the fuselage, behind the pilot's headrest.

•A rectangular Plexiglas panel was inset into the lower center-section to allow the pilot to see directly beneath the aircraft and assist with deck landings. The engine used was the more powerful R-2800-8 (B series) Double Wasp which produced 2,000 hp (1,491 kW).

•On the wings the flaps were changed to a NACA slotted type and the ailerons were increased in span to increase the roll rate, with a consequent reduction in flap span. IFF transponder equipment was fitted in the rear fuselage. All in all these changes increased the Corsair's weight by several hundred pounds.

Example: In manufacturing domain

•Take for instance the design and production of a car.• If for example the vehicle’s air bags are found to automatically fill with air after driving long distances, this will without a doubt lead to customer complaints (or hopefully problem reports during the testing phase). In turn, these produce a change request which will probably justify a change.• Nevertheless, a – most likely simplistic – cost and benefit analysis has to be done, after which the change request can be approved• Following an analysis of the impact on the car design and production schedules, the planning for the implementation of the change can be created. •According to this planning, the change can actually be realized, after which the new version of the car is hopefully thoroughly tested before it is released to the public

ConclusionEssentially, modification of design attempts to

introduce principles of software revision to products. Based on the case studies provided above, a producer would be interested in such a process so that he could provide better products to consumer at a better value.

Consumer would benefit from such a process because they would be able to use products in a variety of applications. In the end, the practice of modifying the design will provide consumers with “generic” products that can be used in many ways.

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