Development of timber and non-timber forest products’ production and market strategies for improvement of

smallholders’ livelihoods in Indonesia

ACIAR Projects

'Improving economic outcomes for smallholders

growing teak in agroforestry systems in

Indonesia (FST/2005/177)’

‘Enterprise development, value chains and

evaluation of non-timber forest products for

agroforestry systems in West Timor, Flores,

Sumba and Savu in NTT (SMAR/2006/011)

‘Community forestry

partnerships in Indonesia’

(FST/2003/025)

Project goal

Identify, enhance and expand smallholders’ involvement management of commercial,

forestry-based products different spatial scales in Indonesia

• Silviculture practice

• Marketing

• Policy

• Extensions services

Research questions

How can forestry and agroforestry management practices be improved to enhance integrated timber and non-timber forest product management and production?

What are suitable strategies for effective integrated marketing of timber and non-timber forest product for smallholders?

Research questions (continued)

What policy factors significantly hinder smallholders’ production and competiveness in timber and non-timber forest product and how can those factors be addressed?

What are the key characteristics of an extension program that can deliver information on best practices for timber and non-timber forest product management, production and value-added marketing?

Components/Objectives

Development and implementation of integrated timber and NTFP production systems to enhance

local livelihoods

Identification and implementation of enhanced marketing strategies

and value chains to improve timber and NTFP market links for

smallholders

Analysis and improvement of policy frameworks to facilitate

smallholders’ production and integrated marketing of timber and

NTFPs

Enhance expansion of smallholder-managed integrated timber and

NTFP production systems

Activities

Project sites

Gunungkidul

Lombok & Sumbawa

Timor Tengah Selatan

Activities

Silviculture

• Inventory study

• Demonstration plots

Marketing

• Market appraisal

• Business model assessment

Policy

• Policy working group

• Grand strategy development

Extensions services

• Field assessment

• Participatory program development

Scoping & baseline study

Capacity building & farmer field school

9

• Location Pelat village, subdistrict of Uter Iwes, Sumbawa

• Randomized Block Design

• Combination of treatment

• Agroforestry ginger and galangal under teak stand

• Financial Analysis B/C Ratio

P0J0: No pruning and no thinning t

(control)

P1J1: Pruning 50% and thinning 25%

P0J1: No pruning and thinning

25%

P2J0: Pruning 60% and no thinning

P1J0: Pruning 50% and no thinning P2J1: Pruning 60% and thinning 25%

Teak trials in Sumbawa

Teak trials in Gunungkidul

• Stem reducing treatment gives better diametergrowth of teak

• Fertilizing treatment gives better diameter andheight growth of teak

• Teak pruning and ginger fertilization treatment givea better ginger productivity, however low rainfalland hard soil condition in the study area causedlower ginger productivity than those in other areas.

Ginger + teak intercropping establishment step

Effects of fertilization and species varieties of Tarum (Indigofera tinctoria) on leaves production in Bosen, TTS, NTT

Identifying coppicing and fertilization intensity for enhancing fruit production of KayuUles (Helicteres isora) in Bosen, TTS, NTT

ICRAF and BPK Kupang

Production of Rumput ketak seedlings by spore

Aim: To make guidance book of seedling recruitment of rumputketak by spore, based on seedling procurement experiment.

Location : Cibodas Botanical Garden and FORDA Nursery Bogor.

Starting time : April 2015. Finished : November 2015.

Source of spore : Batu Dulang , Sumbawa district, NTB

Treatment : Various growth media: red brick powder, husk charcoal, Cyathea fern powder, Cadaca fern powder. All media are sterilized. Spore in growth media were put in plastic container and fully covered by transparent plastic, in humid cond

Results:

oSpore start germinating after 75 days.

oReady to plant seedling after about 6 months

oBooklet of Guidance Book by Riskan Effendi and

Gerhard Eli Sabastian

Spore of ketak grass (Ligodium

circinnatum) in the sealed container

Germinated Spore of ketak grass

Ketak grass seedling

Ketak grass ready weaned

Objective 3: Effective policy framework in supporting the integration of timber and NTFPs production system and marketing strategy(Coordinated by CIFOR – Ani A. Nawir)

Policy assessment at

district & national levels(incentives & disincentives)

Forming the Policy Working Group

(Sumbawa & TTS)

Grand Strategy Document

(Sumbawa & TTS)

Facilitating stakeholder-

discussion in the transition period for

UU 23/2014 (Gunungkidul:

TAHURA & HutanRakyat)

Advocacy in looking wasy to legitimate DGS at Provincial Level (UU

23/2014)

Multi-stakeholders discussions

(Prov. & Kab.)

Strategy for operationalising Grand

Strategy (e.g. regulation

framework)

Baseline survey RTSeries of FGD (at all levels)

Formalised by the letter of decree

signed by the head of district (BUPATI)

& debriefing workshops

2013 2014 2015 2016

Recommendation from Objectives 1, 2, & 4

1. Current policy frameworks restrain smallholder producers from

benefiting optimally due to:

a. Disincentives to production systems and low cost-effective value adding

industries.

b. Overly regulated regulations applied independently to timber and NTFPs

– resulting in high transaction costs.

2. Formal legislation and regulations applied at the local level, affecting

local communities in making decisions on their livelihood strategies;

There are inter-relationships between:

a. Roles of incomes generated from timber & NTFPs at the household level.

b. Forest land rights.

c. The landscape type of nature reserve or protected forest

surrounding the villages.

Important lessons-learnt

Follow-up research topic

Policy framework supporting an integrated strategy for timber

and NTFPs at the provincial level:

• Landscape-base: watersheds

• Operationalising Law No. 23/2014 to support smallholders

and community involved in timber & NTFPs management

• Institutional arrangement: facilitating collaboration

between provincial & district government

• Promoting fair shared-benefits for smallholders and

community.

Assesment of current extension methods

Develop locally oriented extension programs

Develop collaborative manuals

Enhanced dissemination

Activity 1 Action

Research “Shared value concept as an extension approach”

Activity 2 Learning

Centre as an extension approach for non timber forest products

Activity 3 Farmers

field school as learning method on integrated timber and NTFP production

Activity 4 Develop

Extension

media

Enhanced dissemination

Baseline and scoping study of NTFP and Timber Management in Gunung Kidul, Sumbawa and TTS

Analyzing the model of NTFP and timber production (all sites)

Assessing existing policy on timber and NTFP production and marketing

Specific silviculture research on collection of timber and NTFP; eg. Rumput ketak, kayu ules, indigofera; intercropping of teak and other species

Participatory research on Rapid Market Appraisal (all products & sites)

Assessment current extension services

ResearchActivities/Knowledge Production

Conceptual framework of integrated NTFP and timber management

Collection of Knowledge on NTFP and Timber management

Scenario model at the landscape level

Knowledge on RMA and Market assessment,

Identified farmer champion (all sites)

Identified existing extension models and programs

Knowledge product

Tailored knowledge

Guideline book ; SKAU etc.

Policy assessment Book

Conference paper

Information sheets

Manual on indigofera paste

Tools on Rapid Market Appraisal

Information sheet on timber & NTFPs for extension agents

Engagement

Training for trainers in Gunungkidul on policy, marketing and silviculture

Training at community level

Develop and equip Policy Working Group (TTS & Sumbawa)

Training extension officers & institution

Training farmers: regulation/permits, policies on timber and processing NTFPs

Bamboo grower association (Gunungkidul) Pokja Hutan Rakyat Lestari facilitated by the project

Equip the farmer champion (all sites)

Trained partners have their skill improved (informed)

Grand Strategy Document (Sumbawa & TTS), drafted by policy working group

Intermediate Outcomes

Action plan for extension agents capacity building

Government and private extension agents are informed on better extension practices

Farmers in targeted villages are informed on better silviculturepractices

Extension agents have sufficient knowledge and tools to effectively support farmers (equipped)End of

project Outcomes

Local Governments are equipped to develop grand design of NTFP and use it as base to policy change

Local communities committed to implement Grand Strategy at village level

Multistakeholderforum is formed and draft the grand strategy at the provincial/ District level

Policy/ Practice Change

Farmers in targeted villages are practicing better silvicuture; e.g. intercropping

Farmers/ communities are equipped to- Manage bamboo in Gunungkidul- Produce indiigofera paste- produce better Honey bee Management from cross learning- Produce VCO & Candlenut in NTT- produce semi finished and finished furniture

Farmer/ Community has better bargaining power in trading bamboo and teak in Gunungkidul and get better market and priceCommunity produces indigofera paste and better production of honey beeCommunity produces and trade VCO and Candlenut (Shell)

Local policies facilitate smallholders’ production and integrated marketing of timber and NTFPs (6 Bupati Decree issued)

Local community/ farmers have an improved marketing strategies and value chains to improve their timber and NTFP market

Local community/ farmers implemented integrated livelihood of timber and NTFP production system

Plans ahead…

• Landscape scale • Private sector engagement • Policy & extension strategies • Bamboo AF options