DEVELOPMENT OF THE US

(NATIVE AMERICANS)

By:

Mohammed Choudhury

Jun Ha

Zamina Reed

Ji Min Kim

Aftermath

Chesapeake Indians banned from ancestral lands

Indians separated from white settlements

By 1669 only 2,000 Indians remained; by 1685 were considered extinct

RESULT: Rice emerged as the principal export crop in Carolina

INDIANS VS. THE EUROPEANS

When Europeans started to pour into America the Native Americans only hope for resisting them was an alliance among each tribe.

Metacom, also known as King Phillip, made this alliance and assaulted English villages in New England

King Phillips war succeeded in slowing down the westward movement of the Europeans

However, the natives disbanded after the loss of many lives

PENN’S TREATY

William Penn was a man who was attracted to the Quaker faith.

After gaining land from the king of England he went to America

He set up his first colony in 1681, Philadelphia

Pennsylvania treated the natives fairly and was also very liberal allowing freedom of worship to all residents

Unlike most of the states and colonies Philadelphia had maintained a good relationship with the native Americans, purchasing land from them as well as fair treatment to the point that Quakers would walk around unarmed.

BACON’S REBELLION

There were many landless, poor,

and single men who were

frustrated in the late 1600s.

These men started a rebellion

against the hostile conditions in

1676 led by Nathanial Bacon.

BACON’S REBELLION

These people (Bacons men) wanted wanted land and did not appreciate that William Berkeley had friendly policies toward the Native Americans.

Bacon’s men viciously attacked Indian settlements after Berkeley refused to attack back when the Indians did a series of savage attacks on the frontier.

BACON’S REBELLION

Native Americans were one of the main reasons for the Bacon Rebellion.

Before the Bacon Rebellion African Slaves were quite rare in Virginia.

However after the Bacon Rebellion the importation of African Slaves increased.

It led to colonists taking slavery as the primary source of labor.

After the Rebellion Berkeley was dismissed and was forced to go to England.

BLOODY YEARS

1777 was known as the “bloody year” on the frontier.

Indians went on scalping sprees.

Most of the Native Americans supported Britain.

They believed if they won than it would save the Native American’s land.

THE TREATY OF FORT STANWIX

In 1784 the pro British Iroquois signed the Treaty of Fort Stanwix.

This was the first treaty between the US and an Indian nation.

Under the terms of the Treaty of Fort Stanwix the Indians gave up a great deal of their land.

THE TREATY OF FORT STANWIX

TECUMSEH AND TENSKWATAWA

Tecumseh and his brother, Tenskwatawa, were Shawnee Indians who wanted to stop the flow of white settlers

They began to put together a confederacy of Indian tribes east of the Mississippi

The Indians that followed them rejected white ideals and objects such as textile clothing and alcohol, as well as the idea of owning things such as land

Tecumseh and his brother, the Prophet fought against the settlers

A major battle that occurred was the Battle of Tippecanoe where the Prophet lost to William Henry Harrison

After the battle Tecumseh had to ally with Britain till he died during the Battle of the Thames in 1813

THE BATTLE OF HORSHOE BEND

The Creek Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend defeated around 8000 British that attacked in the Battle of New Orleans.

With the help of 7000 sailors, pirates, and Frenchmen.

The outcome was that Britain did a naval blockade raiding ships and ruining American economic life.

For ex: fishing.

DURING THE REVOLUTION…

During the revolution in Central American and South America, Spanish troops in Florida would retreat.

The Indians would also retreat into Spanish territory after attacking American land.

Andrew Jackson hanged two Indian chiefs.

Executed two British people for assisting Indians.

Seized St. Marks and Pensacola.

DURING THE REVOLUTION (CONTINUED)

Many wanted to punish Jackson.

Except John Quincy Adams.

He demanded concessions from Spain.

The Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819 came out of this.

Spain gave up Florida.

And claims to Oregon in exchange for Texas.

The US paid $5 Million to Spain for Florida.

THE TRAIL OF TEARS (1838-1839)

Jackson and his followers were determined to expand the U.S.

westwards, but expansion could not happen without conflicts.

One of the biggest obstacles for the U.S. to expand West was the

inhabitants in those area; Native Americans.

Many white Americans, even though violating treaty line on their maps

with the natives, actually held a good amount of respect towards them.

This led to Americans actually spending much time and energy to

Christianize and civilize the native Americans.

While most tribes did not enjoy and rejected the “civilization”, a few

decided to abandon their semi-nomadic life; such as the Cherokees,

Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles which were later named

as the “Five Civilized Tribes.”

In 1808, the Cherokee National Council legislated a written legal code,

then in 1827 it adopted a written constitution just like the U.S.

THE TRAIL OF TEARS

CIVILIZATION NOT ENOUGH

Civilization was not enough to please the white Americans for expansion of the U.S.

westward.

The Georgia legislature claimed that the Cherokee’s national council’s legislature

and government is illegal, and that it is to be controlled by the states and federal

government.

Naturally, the Cherokees appealed, and the case then was transferred over to the

supreme court, which protected the native Americans’ rights to govern themselves.

However, no one could enforce the supreme court’s decision and therefore,

Americans continued to loot and raid the native American’s territory.

Andrew Jackson, who advocated for Indian Removal, could not have cared less for

the supreme court’s ruling that cannot even be supported by others. Even if the law

required the government to remove people peacefully and voluntarily, Jackson and

his followers ignored the law completely and forced the Indians to move out of their

territories.

THE REMOVAL

With U.S. army threatening the Indians, they were helplessly forced to move

out of their territories into a long march, in which the Indians had to face

various types of diseases and starvation.

Jackson’s policy forced more than 100,000 Indians to march towards their

new territory.

Countless amount of natives died during the march, and the survivors were

sent to reservations in a territory bordering Texas.

The Native Americans influenced political development of U.S. by first help

shed the light that some Americans were willing to expand peacefully, but

ultimately violence was used. Also, the even of the Trail of Tears was a first

step towards manifest destiny, leading the land-hungry U.S. to expand

further to the West.

Before 1840’s immigrants split their vote among different parties but when the

KNP began, immigrants voted Democratic

WORK-CITED Kennedy, David, Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas A. Bailey. The American Pageant.

13th ed. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006. Print.

McCulley, Susan. “Bacon’s Rebellion” National Park Service. June 1987. Web.

10 Nov. 2013. <http://www.nps.gov/jame/historyculture/bacons-

rebellion.htm>

ushistory.org. “The Trail Of Tears – The Indian Removals” U.S. History Online

Textbook. 2013. Web. 11 Nov. 2013.

<http://www.ushistory.org/us/24f.asp>

Gray, Chris. “Effects of The California Gold Rush…on Native Americans.”

Kawvalley. 8th American History. Rossville Jr. High, 2004. Web. 9

Nov. 2013. <http://www.kawvalley.k12.ks.us/schools/rjh/marneyg/03-

04_Plains-Projects/Gray_04_goldrush.htm>