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66 2004 9
1
1.
20km
3D
Development of Miniature 3D Hypocenter Model
Yoshimitsu OKADA
Strategic Planning Department,National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Japan
Abstract
Miniature size pseudo three dimensional hypocenter model was developed for the purpose of education to the public to help their understanding of earthquake environment of their residential area. The model is constructed under the policy of handiness, light-weighted, easiness of construction and cheapness. A fl oppy-disk case in market is utilized as an outer casing and 20pieces of plastic frame were newly manufactured to hold 1 map and 20hypocenter distribution data divided by given depth ranges.
Completed model has an approximate size of 10cm square and 5cm thickness with a weight of 145g. Total cost to make a model could be restrained as low as 670yen. Actually, nine models within three categories were manufactured for trial. The fi rst category, local, includes Tokyo Metropolis, Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe, and Tokai. They cover the area of about 200km square and 80km depth with a resolution of 4km in depth. The second category, regional, includes Hokkaido, Tohoku, central Japan, and west Japan. They cover the area of about 600km square and 240km depth with a resolution of 12km in depth. The last category, nation-wide, includes Japan Islands and Southwestern Islands. They cover the area of about 1,750km square and 700km depth with a resolution of 35km in depth.
Key words : 3D model, Hypocenter distribution, Earthquake environment, Plastic case
1989
66 2004 9
2
Inoue and Yamaoka, 1986
250km
1 / 50 1m 50cm100km
5km 10km35
100
2. 3D3D
10cm
1 1
1500
1 1
10 cm OHP20
Zd
s d / ZH W
H / s W / s n n Z
1 2 OHP
21
2mm 0.2mm 2mm 21100mm 42.2mm 3mm 4
2100mm 106mm 1mm 3mm
97mm 103mm OHP21 1 20
2
0.2 mm
1mm4 1
MO 73.5 FD 12
MFD3.5-10PW101 H104 D47mm W95 H100
D43mm 72g 1002
2mm 2021 OHP OHP
1 OHP Fig. 1 OHP sheets container with a slit wall.
3D
3
0.1mm 42.1mm
1mm 94 99mm2.5mm
1 160 8001 10
10 OHP
MFD3.5-10P10cm 10cm 5cm
OHP 99mm 94mm1 A4 6
OHP 2mmOHP 20
OHP Z1
3.
4km 312km 4
/ / / / 35km2
1 / 2001 / 600 1 / 1,750 1
20
1983 2002 20
M1.5 M2.0 M2.5M
7 6
23
65,91519,614 22,298 32,838 54,488
/ / 71,734 / / 28,943112,517 39,690
4. 3D
21 OHP
2
4.1 OHP
4.1.194 99mm 2mm
OHP
4 520
2 MFD3.5-10PFig. 2 A fl oppy case in market (MFD3.5-10P) and plastic frames.
1 Table 1 Displayed range for a given depth division.
66 2004 9
4
3 3D Fig. 3 Coverage of each 3D hypocenter model.
2 3D Table 2 Constants for each 3D hypocenter model.
3D
5
4.1.2 2 94 99mm 2
3mm 2mm OHP
10
2 4
4.2 10 cm OHP
4.2.11
OHP5
IC IC140-1700-SS4
IC 2mm2.54mm 17
43.5 2.3mm0.8mm
0.9mm 4mm
OHP 1
ICOHP
0.8mm2mm
IC 100400 4 1,600
4.2.2 OHPOHP
6 ab c
OHP
21 OHP
6 b c38
OHP
6 aOHP
4 Fig. 4 Acryl plate type (left) and acryl frame type (right).
5 ICFig. 5 A model which IC sockets are attached inside the container.
6 (a) (b) (c)Fig. 6 (a)slit attachment, (b)apply to corner, (c)apply to center.
66 2004 9
6
7
4.2.3 OHPOHP
OHP
8
8
OHP
120 10cm 1
A4 OHP 64 A4 OHP
1 A4 OHP
9 a
9 b
9 a bb 3
3
5. 3D
7
Fig. 7 A model which attachments are adhered at corner (left) or at the central edge (right) of OHP sheets.
8
Fig. 8 A model which OHP sheets are connected with threads through attachments at corner (left) or the central edge (right).
9 OHP (a) (b)Fig. 9 Layout of fi gures with (a)separated and (b)connected
confi gurations on an OHP sheet.
3D
7
2
103D
5.11
MFD3.5-10P 101 104 47mm95 100 43mm 72g 100
2094
99mm 2.5mm 2mm 2.5g 23OHP 4
1 20 9499 0.1mm
A4 OHP1 20 25
1 2098
25mm A4 201 120 1
61 3D
6705.2
10OHP 20
20
6.
16 2Workshop on Seismic
Activity and Probabilities of Major Earthquakes in the Kanto and Tokai area, central Japan
3D
3 3D Table 3 Merit and demerit of each model.
10 Fig. 10 How to construct the model.
66 2004 9
8
4 17
9
118 6618 / / 17
15 11 99 6 269
OHP
1 Inoue, H. and K. Yamaoka 1986 Three-dimensional miniature earthquake distribution, Tectonophysics, 122, 115-122.
2 1989 LED3 .
No.1 17p.2004 2 27
3D
9
20 OHP20 10cm 5cm 145g 6703D
200km 4km 80km 3600km 12km 240km / / / /
1,750km 35km 700km 2
3D