DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADVANCED NATURAL GAS BURNER USING THE OXY-FUEL CONCEPT

Prof. Dr. Guenther C. Krieger Filho, Vítor Augusto Andreghetto Bortolin

Dept. Mechanical Engineering

University of São Paulo, Brazil

IV Workshop Interno RCGI

University of São Paulo, Brazil

8 – 9 MARCH DE 2018

RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

Project

• Project 1- Development of an Advanced Natural Gas Burner using the Oxy-Fuel Concept.

• Support from Project 2 – Advanced Combustion Laboratory.

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RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

CCS Technology

• CCS: Carbon Capture and Storage.

• Aims to reduce greenhouse emission from fossil fuels.

• Can be used with renewable energy sources, like ethanol, to create a negative carbon energy source.

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Coal

Natural Gas

Oil

Power PlantCarbon Capture

Compression Storage

CCSProject 1

RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

CCS Challenges

• In the current state CCS cost are elevate to the electrical sector.

• High storage volume.

• Ensure stable Storage.

• Gas transport to the storage

Facility.

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RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

Oxy-fuel Concept

• Most of the flue gas is composed of nitrogen, due to the high content of this gas in the atmosphere(78%).

• In CCS the costs are proportional to the storage Volume.

• So to minimize the costs the idea is to separate the nitrogen.

• Oxy-fuel separates the air prior to the combustion.– Take advantage of the current lower costs of air separation technology.

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RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

Oxy-fuel Concept

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Power Plant Oxy-Fuel Combustion

OxygenAir

Separation

Fossil Fuel

Water CondensationFlue Gas H2O +CO2

H2O recover

Nitrogen

CO2 recycle CO2 to CCS

Project 1

RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

Oxy-fuel Challenges

• Combustion take places in an atmosphere of only CO2, H2O and O2 .

• High temperatures in the combustions phase, that can damage the power plant.

• Need of an high dilution.

• However the combustion efficient should be higher and it should take place in almost stoichiometric conditions. Minimizing O2 consumption.

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CombustionInstabilities

RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

The Project

• Study the oxy-fuel combustion, aiming to better understand the change in stabilities in such environment.

• Experimental work.

• Evaluate the combustion macroscopically with different oxygen content.

• Gather data useful to the creation and evaluation of models. Which will be useful for real world burner design.

• Proposed burners based on literature but in new configurations:– Yale Burner.

– Cabra Burner.

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RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

Yale Burner

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RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

Yale Burner

• It is a cold coflow burner with a laminar flame.

• Originally used to study soot formation.

• Equipment manufactured by the laboratory members.

• Measured with chemiluminescence in the ranges: 400-440nm, 450-490nm,527-537nm.

• In the range 400-440nm, there is the light emission of the CH* radical.

• Oxygen content of 50%-30%, with LPG and CH4.

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RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

Light Emission

• Laminar Diffusion Flame in Air. Images shown the acquired data in the light range of 400-440nm.

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LPG CH4

RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

Light Emission

• LPG flame in Oxy-fuel environments wit different oxygen contents.(400-440nm)

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50% O2 40% O2

35% O2 30% O2

RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

Light Emission

• CH4 flame in Oxy-fuel environments wit different oxygen contents.(400-440nm)

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50% O2 40% O2 35% O2

RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

Results

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Air Experiments Oxy-Fuel Experiments

LPG CH4

RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

Results

• Summary of results:– Change in the flame regime with the O2 concentration.

– Flame does not stabilize below 30% O2 for LPG and 35% O2 for methane.

– Oxy-Fuel Flame never reach the same size of that with air with the same light emission.

– Increase in the residual light proportion of the acquired signal.

• Preliminary Conclusion:– The initial guess of a similar combustion is far from truth.

– Change in size and light indicates a low combustion efficiency.

– Possible factors: CO2 greater specific heat, CO2 different diffusion behavior and change in chemicals potentials due to the CO2.

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RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

Cabra Burner

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RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

Cabra Burner

• It is a hot coflow burner with a laminar or turbulent central flame.

• It has higher flow and net power.

• Originally used to study afterburners.

• Equipment manufactured by the laboratory members.

• Future operations with Oxy-fuel.

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RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

Cabra Burner

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RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

Cabra Burner

• Burner was commissioned.

• Stable hot Coflow.

• New gas supply for long operation.

• Measurements on the way.

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RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

Next Steps

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• OH* radicals experiments in Yale burner.

• Cabra burner will be test with air.

• Cabra burner with oxy-fuel.

• Chemiluminescence for the Cabra Burner.

RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GAS INNOVATION

Acknowledgment

• All members of the Lete-CRC:

Guenther Carlos Krieger Filho

Bernardo Luiz Harry Diniz Lemos

Rafael da Cruz Berti

Helio Santomo Villanueva

Filipi Martins Fernandes Silva

André Gustavo Costa

Clayton Zabeu

Flavio Galeazo

Fernando Sacomano

José Perreira

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THANK YOU