DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION AND FUTURE OF THE NATIONAL SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM HOUSTON

DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION AND FUTURE OF THE NATIONAL SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM

HOUSTONDECEMBER 13, 2003

David DoyleChief Geodetic SurveyorNational Geodetic Survey

[email protected], (301) 713-3178

ACRONYMS US

NATIONAL GEODETIC SURVEYNATIONAL GEODETIC SURVEY

INFORMATION CENTERINFORMATION CENTER (301) 713-3242(301) 713-3242

[email protected][email protected]

WEB SITEhttp://www.ngs.noaa.gov

GEODETIC CONTROLGEODETIC CONTROL

NETWORK OF MONUMENTED POINTSNETWORK OF MONUMENTED POINTS

PRECISELY MEASURED IN ACCORDANCEPRECISELY MEASURED IN ACCORDANCE WITH STANDARD PROCEDURESWITH STANDARD PROCEDURES

MEET ACCURACY SPECIFICATIONSMEET ACCURACY SPECIFICATIONS

ADJUSTED TO TIE TOGETHERADJUSTED TO TIE TOGETHER

DOCUMENTED FOR MULTIPLE USEDOCUMENTED FOR MULTIPLE USE

Poured in place concrete post

Stainless steel rod driven to refusal

CORS SITESCORS SITES

NATIONAL SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEMNATIONAL SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM(http://www.ngs.noaa.gov)(http://www.ngs.noaa.gov)

The National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) is that The National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) is that component of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure component of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) -(NSDI) - [http://www.fgdc.gov/nsdi/nsdi.html][http://www.fgdc.gov/nsdi/nsdi.html] which which contains all geodetic control contained in the National contains all geodetic control contained in the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Data Base. This includes: A, Geodetic Survey (NGS) Data Base. This includes: A, B, First, Second and Third-Order horizontal and B, First, Second and Third-Order horizontal and vertical control, Geoid models such as GEOID 99, vertical control, Geoid models such as GEOID 99, precise GPS orbits and Continuously Operating precise GPS orbits and Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS), and the National Reference Stations (CORS), and the National Shoreline as observed by NGS as well as data Shoreline as observed by NGS as well as data submitted by other Federal, State, and local agencies, submitted by other Federal, State, and local agencies, Academic Institutions and the private sectorAcademic Institutions and the private sector

NATIONAL SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEMNATIONAL SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM

ACCURATEACCURATE -- -- cm accuracy on a global scalecm accuracy on a global scale

MULTIPURPOSEMULTIPURPOSE -- -- Supports Geodesy, Geophysics, Supports Geodesy, Geophysics, Land Surveying, Navigation, Mapping, Charting and GIS Land Surveying, Navigation, Mapping, Charting and GIS activitiesactivities

ACTIVEACTIVE -- -- Accessible through Continuously Operating Accessible through Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) and derived productsReference Stations (CORS) and derived products

INTEGRATEDINTEGRATED -- -- Related to International services and Related to International services and standards (e.g. International Earth Rotation and Reference standards (e.g. International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, International Systems Service, International GPS Service etc.)GPS Service etc.)

METADATAMETADATA

METADATA IS DATA ABOUT DATAMETADATA IS DATA ABOUT DATA DATUMSDATUMS

NAD 27, NAD 83(1986), NAD83 (199X), NAD 27, NAD 83(1986), NAD83 (199X), NGVD29, NAVD88NGVD29, NAVD88

UNITSUNITS Meters, U.S. Survey Feet, International Feet, Vara, Toise, Meters, U.S. Survey Feet, International Feet, Vara, Toise,

Chains, Rods, Poles, Links, Perchs, SmootsChains, Rods, Poles, Links, Perchs, Smoots

ACCURACYACCURACY A, B, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 3cm, Scaled A, B, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 3cm, Scaled

METADATA??

Horizontal Datum??

Plane Coordinate Zone ??

Units of Measure ??

How Accurate ??

METADATA??

Plane Coordinate Zone ??

Horizontal and Vertical Datums ??

Units of Measure ??How Accurate

B-Order, 1st-Order, 2cm, 0.01 ft??

THE ELLIPSOIDTHE ELLIPSOIDMATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE EARTHMATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE EARTH

b

a

a = Semi major axis b = Semi minor axis f = a-b = Flattening a

N

S

ELLIPSOID - GEOID RELATIONSHIPELLIPSOID - GEOID RELATIONSHIP

H h

EllipsoidGRS80

H = Orthometric Height (NAVD 88)

N

Geoid

H = h - N

TOPOGRAPHIC SURFACE

h = Ellipsoidal Height (NAD 83)

N = Geoid Height (GEOID 99)

GEOID99

UNITED STATESUNITED STATESELLIPSOID DEFINITIONSELLIPSOID DEFINITIONS

CLARKE 1866 a = 6,378,206.4 m 1/f = 294.97869821

GEODETIC REFERENCE SYSTEM 1980 - (GRS 80)a = 6,378,137 m 1/f = 298.257222101

WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM 1984 - (WGS 84) a = 6,378,137 m 1/f = 298.257223563

BESSEL 1841 a = 6,377,397.155 m 1/f = 299.1528128

HORIZONTAL DATUMSHORIZONTAL DATUMS

BESSELBESSEL 18411841 -------------- -------------- LOCAL ASTRO DATUMS (1816-1879)LOCAL ASTRO DATUMS (1816-1879)

NEW ENGLAND DATUM (1879-1901)NEW ENGLAND DATUM (1879-1901) U.S. STANDARD DATUM (1901-1913)U.S. STANDARD DATUM (1901-1913) NORTH AMERICAN DATUM (1913-1927)NORTH AMERICAN DATUM (1913-1927) NORTH AMERICAN DATUM OF 1927NORTH AMERICAN DATUM OF 1927 OLD HAWAIIAN DATUMOLD HAWAIIAN DATUM

CLARKE 1866CLARKE 1866 PUERTO RICO DATUMPUERTO RICO DATUM

ST. GEORGE ISLAND - ALASKAST. GEORGE ISLAND - ALASKA ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND - ALASKAST. LAWRENCE ISLAND - ALASKA ST. PAUL ISLAND - ALASKAST. PAUL ISLAND - ALASKA AMERICAN SAMOA 1962AMERICAN SAMOA 1962 GUAM 1963GUAM 1963

GRS80 ----------- GRS80 ----------- NORTH AMERICAN DATUM OF 1983NORTH AMERICAN DATUM OF 1983 (As of June 14, 1989)(As of June 14, 1989)

COMPARISON OF DATUM ELEMENTSCOMPARISON OF DATUM ELEMENTS

NAD 27NAD 27 NAD 83NAD 83

ELLIPSOID ELLIPSOID CLARKE 1866CLARKE 1866 GRS80 GRS80 a = 6,378,206.4 m a = 6,378,137. Ma = 6,378,206.4 m a = 6,378,137. M 1/f = 294.9786982 1/f = 298.2572221011/f = 294.9786982 1/f = 298.257222101

DATUM POINT Triangulation Station NONEDATUM POINT Triangulation Station NONE MEADES RANCH, KANSAS EARTH MASS CENTERMEADES RANCH, KANSAS EARTH MASS CENTER

ADJUSTMENT ADJUSTMENT 25k STATIONS 25k STATIONS 250k STATIONS 250k STATIONS Several Hundred Base Lines Appox. 30k EDMI Base LinesSeveral Hundred Base Lines Appox. 30k EDMI Base Lines Several Hundred Astro Azimuths 5k Astro AzimuthsSeveral Hundred Astro Azimuths 5k Astro Azimuths Doppler Point PositionsDoppler Point Positions VLBI VectorsVLBI Vectors

BEST FITTING North America World-WideBEST FITTING North America World-Wide

NAD 27 and NAD 83NAD 27 and NAD 83

NAD 83 NETWORK PROBLEMSNAD 83 NETWORK PROBLEMS

NOT “GPSABLE”NOT “GPSABLE”

POOR STATION ACCESSIBILITY

IRREGULARLY SPACED

POSITIONAL ACCURACY

HIGH ACCURACY REFERENCE NETWORKSHIGH ACCURACY REFERENCE NETWORKS

““GPSABLE”GPSABLE” Clear Horizons for Satellite Signal AcquisitionClear Horizons for Satellite Signal Acquisition

EASY ACCESSIBILITYEASY ACCESSIBILITY Few Special Vehicle or Property Entrance RequirementsFew Special Vehicle or Property Entrance Requirements

REGULARLY SPACEDREGULARLY SPACED Always within 20-100 KmAlways within 20-100 Km

HIGH HORIZONTAL ACCURACYHIGH HORIZONTAL ACCURACY A-Order (5 mm + 1:10,000,000)A-Order (5 mm + 1:10,000,000) B-Order (8mm + 1:1,000,000)B-Order (8mm + 1:1,000,000)

IMPROVING POSITIONAL ACCURACYIMPROVING POSITIONAL ACCURACY

TIME NETWORK LOCALTIME NETWORK LOCAL NETWORK SPAN ACCURACY ACCURACYNETWORK SPAN ACCURACY ACCURACY

NAD 27 1927-1986 10 Meters NAD 27 1927-1986 10 Meters First-Order (1 part in 0.1 First-Order (1 part in 0.1 million)million)

NAD 83 1986-1990 1 Meter First-Order(1 part in 0.1 million)NAD 83 1986-1990 1 Meter First-Order(1 part in 0.1 million)

HPGN/HARN 1987-1997 0.1 Meter B-Order(1 part in 1 million)HPGN/HARN 1987-1997 0.1 Meter B-Order(1 part in 1 million) A-Order (1 part in 10 million)A-Order (1 part in 10 million)

CORS 1994 - CORS 1994 - 0.02 Meter - Horizontal 0.02 Meter - Horizontal 0.04 Meter - Ellipsoid Height0.04 Meter - Ellipsoid Height

HIGH ACCURACY REFERENCE NETWORKHIGH ACCURACY REFERENCE NETWORK

HIGH ACCURACY REFERENCE HIGH ACCURACY REFERENCE NETWORKSNETWORKS

TEXAS HARNTEXAS HARN

INTERNATIONAL TERRESTRIALINTERNATIONAL TERRESTRIALREFERENCE SYSTEMREFERENCE SYSTEM

DEVELOPED AND MAINTAINED BY THE INTERNATIONAL EARTH ROTATION AND REFERENCE

SYSTEM SERVICEPARIS, FRANCE

(http://http://www.iers.org/)

VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY - (VLBI)SATELLITE LASER RANGING - (SLR)

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM - (GPS)DOPPLER ORBITOGRAPHY AND RADIO POSITIONING

INTEGRATED BY SATELLITE - (DORIS)

INTERNATIONAL TERRESTRIALINTERNATIONAL TERRESTRIALREFERENCE SYSTEMREFERENCE SYSTEM

GEOCENTRIC +/- 3 to 4 CMGEOCENTRIC +/- 3 to 4 CM

MODELS FOR PLATE TECTONICSMODELS FOR PLATE TECTONICS

STATION VELOCITIESSTATION VELOCITIES

POSITIONAL STANDARD ERRORSPOSITIONAL STANDARD ERRORS

REALIZED AS THE INTERNATIONAL REALIZED AS THE INTERNATIONAL TERRESTERIAL REFERENCE FRAME (ITRF)TERRESTERIAL REFERENCE FRAME (ITRF)

WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM 1984WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM 1984TR8350.2 World Geodetic System 1984 - It’s Definition andTR8350.2 World Geodetic System 1984 - It’s Definition and

Relationships with Local Geodetic SystemsRelationships with Local Geodetic Systems

(http://www.nima.mil/GandG/pubs.html)(http://www.nima.mil/GandG/pubs.html)

DATUM = WGS 84(G730)5 USAF GPS Tracking Stations5 DMA Evaluation Stations Datum redefined with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame of 1992 (ITRF92) +/- 20 cm in each component (Proceedings of the ION GPS-94 pgs 285-292)

DATUM = WGS 84(G873)5 USAF GPS Tracking Stations7 NIMA Evaluation Stations Datum redefined with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame of 1994 (ITRF94) +/- 10 cm in each component (Proceedings of the ION GPS-97 pgs 841-850)

DATUM = WGS 84RELEASED - SEPTEMBER 1987BASED ON OBSERVATIONS AT MORE THAN 1900 DOPPLER STATIONS

DATUM = WGS 84(G1150)Datum redefined with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2000 (ITRF00) +/- 2 cm in each component (Proceedings of the ION GPS-02) http://164.214.2.59/GandG/sathtml/IONReport8-20-02.pdf

HOW MANY WGS 84s HAVE THERE BEEN????

MY SOFTWARE SAYS I’M MY SOFTWARE SAYS I’M WORKING IN WGS-84WORKING IN WGS-84

Project tied to WGS-84 control point obtained from the Defense Department

-- Good Luck! --You’re really working in the same reference frame

as your control points -- NAD 83?

Unless you doing autonomous positioning (point positioning +/- 6-10 meters) you’re probably NOT in WGS-84

TRANSFORM BETWEEN WGS 84 & NAD 83TRANSFORM BETWEEN WGS 84 & NAD 83

dX = 0.9956 mdY = -1.9013 mdZ = -0.5215 m

THE GEOID AND TWO ELLIPSOIDSTHE GEOID AND TWO ELLIPSOIDS

GRS80-WGS84CLARKE 1866

GEOID

Earth Mass Center

Approximately 236 meters

TECTONIC MOTIONSTECTONIC MOTIONS

HORIZONTAL TECTONIC MOTIONSHORIZONTAL TECTONIC MOTIONS

VERTICAL TECTONIC MOTIONSVERTICAL TECTONIC MOTIONS

NAD 83 and ITRF / WGS 84NAD 83 and ITRF / WGS 84

ITRF / WGS 84NAD 83

Earth Mass Center

2.2 m (3-D) dX,dY,dZ

GEOID

VERTICAL DATUMSVERTICAL DATUMS

MEAN SEA LEVEL DATUM OF 1929MEAN SEA LEVEL DATUM OF 1929

NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929DATUM OF 1929

((As of July 2, 1973As of July 2, 1973))

NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988OF 1988

((As of June 24, 1993As of June 24, 1993))

COMPARISON OF VERTICAL DATUM ELEMENTSCOMPARISON OF VERTICAL DATUM ELEMENTS

NGVD 29NGVD 29 NAVD 88NAVD 88

DATUM DEFINITION 26 TIDE GAUGES FATHER’S POINT/RIMOUSKI DATUM DEFINITION 26 TIDE GAUGES FATHER’S POINT/RIMOUSKI IN THE U.S. & CANADA QUEBEC, CANADAIN THE U.S. & CANADA QUEBEC, CANADA

BENCH MARKS BENCH MARKS 100,000 450,000 100,000 450,000

LEVELING (Km) 102,724 1,001,500 LEVELING (Km) 102,724 1,001,500

GEOID FITTING Distorted to Fit MSL Gauges Best Continental ModelGEOID FITTING Distorted to Fit MSL Gauges Best Continental Model

NGVD 29 and NAVD 88NGVD 29 and NAVD 88

MHHMHHWW

Datum’s Boundary ApplicationsDatum’s Boundary Applications

NOS BENCHMARK LEVELINGNOS BENCHMARK LEVELING

Distances vary but usually several hundred meters.

GEOID MODELSGEOID MODELS U.S. NATIONAL MODEL -- GEOID99U.S. NATIONAL MODEL -- GEOID99

(http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/GEOID_STUFF/geoid99_prom(http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/GEOID_STUFF/geoid99_prompt1.prl)pt1.prl)

CANADIAN NATIONAL MODEL -- GSD95CANADIAN NATIONAL MODEL -- GSD95 http://www.geod.nrcan.gc.ca/products/html-public/GSDinfo/http://www.geod.nrcan.gc.ca/products/html-public/GSDinfo/

English/factsheets/gpsht_fact.htmlEnglish/factsheets/gpsht_fact.html

GLOBAL MODEL -- EGM 96GLOBAL MODEL -- EGM 96 (http://www.nima.mil/GandG/wgs-84/egm96.html)(http://www.nima.mil/GandG/wgs-84/egm96.html)

USGG2003 and GEOID03USGG2003 and GEOID03

USGG = U.S. Gravimetric GeoidUSGG = U.S. Gravimetric Geoid GEOID03 = U.S. Hybrid GeoidGEOID03 = U.S. Hybrid Geoid

In excess of 11,000 GPS on BMsIn excess of 11,000 GPS on BMs (A, B, and 1(A, B, and 1stst- Order GPS on 1- Order GPS on 1stst, 2, 2ndnd and 3 and 3rdrd – Order NAVD 88 BMs) – Order NAVD 88 BMs)

Possibly overall misfit will be about 2.9 cm.Possibly overall misfit will be about 2.9 cm.

NEW U.S. GEOID MODELNEW U.S. GEOID MODELRelease by January 2004Release by January 2004

Standalone Positioning: Since May 1, 2000Standalone Positioning: Since May 1, 2000

C/A Code on L1C/A Code on L1 No Selective AvailabilityNo Selective Availability

6-11 m

Standalone Positioning: By 2011Standalone Positioning: By 2011

C/A Code on L1C/A Code on L1 C/A Code on L2C/A Code on L2 New Code on L5New Code on L5

1-3 m

Better resistance to interference

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMGLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

GPS BLOCK IIIGPS BLOCK III Potential Future DevelopmentsPotential Future Developments

30 - 32 satellites30 - 32 satellites Second and Third Civil FrequencySecond and Third Civil Frequency

(1227.60 MHZ & 1176.45 MHZ)(1227.60 MHZ & 1176.45 MHZ) More Robust Signal TransmissionsMore Robust Signal Transmissions

Real-Time Unaugmented 1 Meter Accuracy Real-Time Unaugmented 1 Meter Accuracy Initial Launches ~ 2005 Initial Launches ~ 2005

Complete Replacements ~ 2015??Complete Replacements ~ 2015??

GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMSGLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS(GNSS)(GNSS)

POTENTIAL FUTURE DEVELOPMENTSPOTENTIAL FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS (2005 – 2015??)(2005 – 2015??)

GPS MODERNIZATIONGPS MODERNIZATION - BLOCK III- BLOCK III GLONASS ENHANCEMENTS GLONASS ENHANCEMENTS

EUROPEAN UNION - GALILEOEUROPEAN UNION - GALILEO

70- 90 Satellites70- 90 Satellites Second and Third Civil Frequency - GPSSecond and Third Civil Frequency - GPS

No Signal Encryption - GLONASS & GALILEONo Signal Encryption - GLONASS & GALILEO More Robust Signal TransmissionsMore Robust Signal Transmissions

Real-Time Unaugmented 1 Meter (or better!) Accuracy Real-Time Unaugmented 1 Meter (or better!) Accuracy

GEODETIC DATA SHEETGEODETIC DATA SHEET

Geodetic Data Sheets



National Geodetic Survey, Retrieval Date = NOVEMBER 15, 2003 BN0540 *********************************************************************** BN0540 FBN - This is a Federal Base Network Control Station. BN0540 DESIGNATION - CHERRY BN0540 PID - BN0540 BN0540 STATE/COUNTY- TX/GILLESPIE BN0540 USGS QUAD - CHERRY SPRING (1967) BN0540 BN0540 *CURRENT SURVEY CONTROL BN0540 ___________________________________________________________________ BN0540* NAD 83(1993)- 30 29 48.47740(N) 099 00 39.29203(W) ADJUSTED BN0540* NAVD 88 - 542.733 (meters) 1780.62 (feet) ADJUSTED BN0540 ___________________________________________________________________ BN0540 X - -861,575.021 (meters) COMP BN0540 Y - -5,433,071.971 (meters) COMP BN0540 Z - 3,218,212.963 (meters) COMP BN0540 LAPLACE CORR- -2.38 (seconds) DEFLEC99 BN0540 ELLIP HEIGHT- 520.52 (meters) (05/01/00) GPS OBS BN0540 GEOID HEIGHT- -22.17 (meters) GEOID99 BN0540 DYNAMIC HT - 541.984 (meters) 1778.16 (feet) COMP BN0540 MODELED GRAV- 979,243.1 (mgal) NAVD 88 BN0540 BN0540 HORZ ORDER - B BN0540 VERT ORDER - FIRST CLASS II BN0540 ELLP ORDER - THIRD CLASS I

H = h - N 542.73 = 520.52 - (- 22.17)

542.73 542.69

(EGM96 = - 23.09 m)


BN0540.The horizontal coordinates were established by GPS observations BN0540.and adjusted by the National Geodetic Survey in May 1994. BN0540 BN0540.The orthometric height was determined by differential leveling BN0540.and adjusted by the National Geodetic Survey in June 1991. BN0540 BN0540.The X, Y, and Z were computed from the position and the ellipsoidal ht. BN0540 BN0540.The Laplace correction was computed from DEFLEC99 derived deflections. BN0540 BN0540.The ellipsoidal height was determined by GPS observations BN0540.and is referenced to NAD 83. BN0540 BN0540.The geoid height was determined by GEOID99. BN0540 BN0540.The dynamic height is computed by dividing the NAVD 88 BN0540.geopotential number by the normal gravity value computed on the BN0540.Geodetic Reference System of 1980 (GRS 80) ellipsoid at 45 BN0540.degrees latitude (g = 980.6199 gals.). BN0540 BN0540.The modeled gravity was interpolated from observed gravity values. BN0540 BN0540; North East Units Scale Converg. BN0540;SPC TX C - 3,092,779.590 826,941.837 MT 0.99992026 +0 40 52.0 BN0540;UTM 14 - 3,373,836.874 498,952.609 MT 0.99960001 -0 00 19.9 BN0540


BN0540: Primary Azimuth Mark Grid Az BN0540:SPC TX C - CHERRY AZ MK 183 41 09.7 BN0540:UTM 14 - CHERRY AZ MK 184 22 21.6 BN0540 BN0540|---------------------------------------------------------------------| BN0540| PID Reference Object Distance Geod. Az | BN0540| dddmmss.s | BN0540| BN0541 CHERRY RM 2 7.440 METERS 00148 | BN0540| CV4542 CHERRY RM 1 7.675 METERS 17732 | BN0540| BN0539 CHERRY RM 3 7.710 METERS 17741 | BN0540| BN0538 CHERRY AZ MK 1842201.7 | BN0540| BN0722 LOYAL MTN MICROWE RADIO MAST APPROX. 9.3 KM 3531351.6 | BN0540|---------------------------------------------------------------------| BN0540 BN0540 SUPERSEDED SURVEY CONTROL BN0540 BN0540 ELLIP H (05/09/94) 520.61 (m) GP( ) 4 2 BN0540 NAD 83(1986)- 30 29 48.49063(N) 099 00 39.27999(W) AD( ) 3 BN0540 NAD 27 - 30 29 47.81630(N) 099 00 38.10070(W) AD( ) 3 BN0540 NAVD 88 (05/09/94) 542.73 (m) 1780.6 (f) LEVELING 3 BN0540 NGVD 29 (10/23/89) 542.68 (m) 1780.4 (f) LEVELING 3 BN0540 BN0540.Superseded values are not recommended for survey control. BN0540.NGS no longer adjusts projects to the NAD 27 or NGVD 29 datums. BN0540.See file dsdata.txt to determine how the superseded data were derived.


BN0540_U.S. NATIONAL GRID SPATIAL ADDRESS: 14RMU9895373837(NAD 83) BN0540_MARKER: DS = TRIANGULATION STATION DISK BN0540_SETTING: 7 = SET IN TOP OF CONCRETE MONUMENT BN0540_STAMPING: CHERRY 1956 BN0540_MARK LOGO: CGS BN0540_PROJECTION: PROJECTING 12 CENTIMETERS BN0540_MAGNETIC: O = OTHER; SEE DESCRIPTION BN0540_STABILITY: C = MAY HOLD, BUT OF TYPE COMMONLY SUBJECT TO BN0540+STABILITY: SURFACE MOTION BN0540_SATELLITE: THE SITE LOCATION WAS REPORTED AS SUITABLE FOR BN0540+SATELLITE: SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS - September 05, 2001 BN0540 BN0540 HISTORY - Date Condition Report By BN0540 HISTORY - 1956 MONUMENTED CGS BN0540 HISTORY - 1969 GOOD CGS BN0540 HISTORY - 1982 GOOD NGS BN0540 HISTORY - 19890106 GOOD NGS BN0540 HISTORY - 19930306 GOOD NGS BN0540 HISTORY - 19960309 GOOD USPSQD BN0540 HISTORY - 19980307 GOOD NGS BN0540 HISTORY - 20010905 GOOD INDIV BN0540 BN0540 STATION DESCRIPTION BN0540 BN0540'DESCRIBED BY COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY 1956 (WFD) BN0540'THE STATION IS 0.65 MILE NORTH OF CHERRY SPRINGS, 0.1 MILE BN0540'SOUTH OF THE GILLESPIE-MASON COUNTY LINE AND ON THE RIGHT-OF-WAY

GEODETIC CONTROL DATA SHEETGEODETIC CONTROL DATA SHEET

National Geodetic Survey, Retrieval Date = SEPTEMBER 11, 2003 TA0047 *********************************************************************** TA0047 DESIGNATION - G 216 TA0047 PID - TA0047 TA0047 STATE/COUNTY- MN/COOK TA0047 USGS QUAD - LONG ISLAND LAKE (1986) TA0047 TA0047 *CURRENT SURVEY CONTROL TA0047 ___________________________________________________________________ TA0047* NAD 83(1986)- 48 04 54.20 (N) 090 45 48.42 (W) HD_HELD1 TA0047* NAVD 88 - 512.698 (meters) 1682.08 (feet) ADJUSTED TA0047 ___________________________________________________________________ TA0047 GEOID HEIGHT- -30.65 (meters) GEOID99 TA0047 DYNAMIC HT - 512.802 (meters) 1682.42 (feet) COMP TA0047 MODELED GRAV- 980,798.7 (mgal) NAVD 88 TA0047 TA0047 VERT ORDER - SECOND CLASS 0 TA0047 TA0047.The horizontal coordinates were established by differentially corrected TA0047.hand held GPS obs and have an estimated accuracy of +/- 3 meters. TA0047 TA0047.The orthometric height was determined by differential leveling TA0047.and adjusted by the National Geodetic Survey in June 1991. TA0047 TA0047.Photographs are available for this station. TA0047 TA0047; North East Units Estimated Accuracy TA0047;SPC MN N - 278,477.4 974,048.5 MT (+/- 3 meters HH1 GPS) TA0047

Up dated position by hand held GPS

NAD 83 READJUSTMENTNAD 83 READJUSTMENT

ONLY GPS DATAONLY GPS DATA

CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING REFERENCE STATIONS CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING REFERENCE STATIONS FEDERAL BASE NETWORKFEDERAL BASE NETWORK

COOPERATIVE BASE NETWORKCOOPERATIVE BASE NETWORK USER DENSIFICATION NETWORKUSER DENSIFICATION NETWORK

LAYERED ADJUSTMENT OFLAYERED ADJUSTMENT OF 3,000 INDIVIDUAL PROJECTS INLCUDING MORE THAN 3,000 INDIVIDUAL PROJECTS INLCUDING MORE THAN

59,000 STATIONS59,000 STATIONS

BOTH NAD 83(NSRS) AND ITRF COORDINATES WILL BE BOTH NAD 83(NSRS) AND ITRF COORDINATES WILL BE PUBLISHEDPUBLISHED

NAD 83 READJUSTMENTNAD 83 READJUSTMENT

NETWORK READJUSTMENTSNETWORK READJUSTMENTS

NAD 83 data that isNAD 83 data that is NOTNOT part of NSRS part of NSRS must be readjusted by contractor/user with must be readjusted by contractor/user with

original observationsoriginal observations

NEW STANDARDS FOR GEODETIC CONTROLNEW STANDARDS FOR GEODETIC CONTROL

Two accuracy standardsTwo accuracy standards ((http://fgdc.er.usgs.gov/standards/status/swgstat.htmlhttp://fgdc.er.usgs.gov/standards/status/swgstat.html)) local accuracy ------------- adjacent pointslocal accuracy ------------- adjacent points network accuracy ---------- relative to CORSnetwork accuracy ---------- relative to CORS

Numeric quantities, units in cm (or mm)Numeric quantities, units in cm (or mm) Both are relative accuracy measuresBoth are relative accuracy measures Do not use distance dependent expressionDo not use distance dependent expression Horizontal accuracies are radius of 2-D 95% error circleHorizontal accuracies are radius of 2-D 95% error circle Ellipsoidal/Orthometric heights are 1-D (linear) 95% errorEllipsoidal/Orthometric heights are 1-D (linear) 95% error

CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING REFERENCE CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING REFERENCE STATIONS (CORS)STATIONS (CORS)

Installed and Operated by various Federal-State-local Installed and Operated by various Federal-State-local AgenciesAgencies

NOAA/National Geodetic SurveyNOAA/National Geodetic Survey NOAA/OAR Forecast Systems LabNOAA/OAR Forecast Systems Lab U.S. Coast Guard - DGPS/NDGPSU.S. Coast Guard - DGPS/NDGPS Corps of Engineers - DGPSCorps of Engineers - DGPS FAA - WAAS/LAAS (Future)FAA - WAAS/LAAS (Future) State DOTs State DOTs County and CityCounty and City AcademiaAcademia Private CompaniesPrivate Companies

CHL1 - CAPE HENLOPEN, DE


Variety of “Geodetic Quality” Dual-FrequencyVariety of “Geodetic Quality” Dual-Frequency Antennas and ReceiversAntennas and Receivers

Allen-OsborneAllen-Osborne Ashtech/Thales Ashtech/Thales

LeicaLeica TrimbleTrimble

CHL1 - CAPE HENLOPEN, DE


Some stations provide real-time code phase Some stations provide real-time code phase observationsobservations

1-5 - 15 - 30” post-process carrier phase 1-5 - 15 - 30” post-process carrier phase observationsobservations

Free access via Internet (RINEX-2 Format)Free access via Internet (RINEX-2 Format)

More than 425 Station National Network More than 425 Station National Network


NGS PROVIDESNGS PROVIDES Reference Site Survey MonumentationReference Site Survey Monumentation

Horizontal and Vertical NSRS ConnectionsHorizontal and Vertical NSRS Connections NAD 83, ITRF94, ITRF96, ITRF97, ITRF00 NAD 83, ITRF94, ITRF96, ITRF97, ITRF00

CoordinatesCoordinates Network Data Collection - Hourly & DailyNetwork Data Collection - Hourly & Daily

Daily 3D Network Integrity AdjustmentDaily 3D Network Integrity Adjustment Public Data Distribution - InternetPublic Data Distribution - Internet

((http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/cors-data.htmlhttp://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/cors-data.html)) 9 Year On-Line Data Holding9 Year On-Line Data Holding

***ITRF 00*** HOUSTON RRP2 (TXHU), TEXAS

Retrieved from NGS DataBase on 11/15/03 at 14:14:49. ____________________________________________________________________________ | || Antenna Reference Point(ARP): HOUSTON RRP2 CORS ARP || --------------------------------------------------- || PID = DF4379 || || || ITRF00 POSITION (EPOCH 1997.0) || Computed in Mar., 2003 using 13 days of data. || X = -524578.515 m latitude = 29 46 45.91022 N || Y = -5515562.145 m longitude = 095 25 58.76631 W || Z = 3149180.614 m ellipsoid height = 12.001 m || || ITRF00 VELOCITY || Set equal to vel of hous Mar., 2003. || VX = -0.0145 m/yr northward = -0.0045 m/yr || VY = 0.0096 m/yr eastward = -0.0153 m/yr || VZ = -0.0099 m/yr upward = -0.0120 m/yr || || || NAD_83 POSITION (EPOCH 2002.0) || Transformed from ITRF00 (epoch 1997.0) position in Mar., 2003. || X = -524577.977 m latitude = 29 46 45.89147 N || Y = -5515563.571 m longitude = 095 25 58.74137 W || Z = 3149180.732 m ellipsoid height = 13.247 m || || NAD_83 VELOCITY || Transformed from ITRF00 velocity in Mar., 2003. || VX = -0.0008 m/yr northward = -0.0002 m/yr || VY = 0.0108 m/yr eastward = -0.0018 m/yr || VZ = -0.0063 m/yr upward = -0.0124 m/yr ||____________________________________________________________________________|

CORS DATA QUALITYCORS DATA QUALITY

IGS Tracking Networkhttp://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/

OPUS – WHAT IS IT?OPUS – WHAT IS IT?

•On-line Positioning User Service

•Provide GPS users faster & easier access to the National Spatial Reference System

(NSRS)

OPUS – HOW DOES IT WORK?OPUS – HOW DOES IT WORK?

•Submit RINEX file through NGS web page

•Processed automatically with NGS computers & software

•With respect to 3 suitable or user-selected National CORS

•Solution via email in minutes

OPUS – HOW DO I USE IT?OPUS – HOW DO I USE IT?

•Go to OPUS web page www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS

•Enter your email address

•Use browse feature to select RINEX file on your computer

•Select antenna type from menu

•Enter antenna height in meters

•Option to select State Plane Zone

•Click UPLOAD

•Check your email in a few minutes

DATUM TRANSFORMATIONSDATUM TRANSFORMATIONS

1. WHAT DATUM ARE THE EXISTING COORDINATES ON?1. WHAT DATUM ARE THE EXISTING COORDINATES ON? 2. WHAT DATUM DO I WANT THE NEW COORDINATES ON?2. WHAT DATUM DO I WANT THE NEW COORDINATES ON? 3. HOW LARGE A GEOGRAPHICAL AREA DO I WANT TO CONVERT 3. HOW LARGE A GEOGRAPHICAL AREA DO I WANT TO CONVERT

AT ONE TIME?AT ONE TIME? 4. HOW MANY POINTS ARE COMMON TO BOTH DATUMS?4. HOW MANY POINTS ARE COMMON TO BOTH DATUMS? 5. WHAT IS THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE COMMON POINTS?5. WHAT IS THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE COMMON POINTS? 6. HOW ACCURATE ARE THE EXISTING COORDINATES?6. HOW ACCURATE ARE THE EXISTING COORDINATES?

0.1 Foot0.1 Foot 1.0 Foot1.0 Foot 10. Feet10. Feet

7. HOW ACCURATE DO I WANT THE NEW COORDINATES?7. HOW ACCURATE DO I WANT THE NEW COORDINATES?


MOLODENSKYMOLODENSKY

Converts latitude, longitude and ellipsoidal height to X,Y,Z Converts latitude, longitude and ellipsoidal height to X,Y,Z Earth-Centered Coordinates.Earth-Centered Coordinates.

Applies a 3-dimensional change in the origin (dX, dY,dZ)Applies a 3-dimensional change in the origin (dX, dY,dZ) Applies a change in the size and shape of the reference Applies a change in the size and shape of the reference

ellipsoidellipsoid

Converts new X,Y,Z Earth-Centered Coordinates back to Converts new X,Y,Z Earth-Centered Coordinates back to latitude, longitude and ellipsoidal heightlatitude, longitude and ellipsoidal height


MOLODENSKYMOLODENSKY

For continental regions accuracy can be +/- 8 to 10 metersFor continental regions accuracy can be +/- 8 to 10 meters

Does not model network distortions very well.Does not model network distortions very well.

Assumes heights in both systems are ellipsoidal (NAD 27 did Assumes heights in both systems are ellipsoidal (NAD 27 did not have ellipsoidal heights).not have ellipsoidal heights).

X

Z

Y

A

XA

YA

ZA

Equator

Gre

enw

ich

Mer

idia

n

Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed (ECEF) Coordinate System

EarthMass Center

- X

- Y

- Z

(X,Y,Z,)

LatitudeLongitude

Ellipsoid Height

X

Z

Y

A

XAYA

ZA

Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed (ECEF) Coordinate System

A

XBYB

ZB

Z

YX

X

Z

Y

A

XAYA

ZA

X

Z

Y

A

XBYB

ZB

dX dYdZ

3 Parameter Molodensky Transformation “In The Real World”

X

Z

Y

A

XBYB

ZB

I NEED TO TRANSFORMI NEED TO TRANSFORMBETWEEN NAD 27 AND WGS 84BETWEEN NAD 27 AND WGS 84

I NEED TO TRANSFORMI NEED TO TRANSFORMBETWEEN NAD 27 AND WGS 84BETWEEN NAD 27 AND WGS 84

MOLODENSKY TRANSFORMATIONMOLODENSKY TRANSFORMATION

COMPUTED vs. MODELED

Station: CHERRY

NAD 27 NAD 83(1992) dX, dY,dZ

X = -861,565.807 m X = - 861,575.021 m - 9.214 m

Y = - 5,433,217.188 m Y = - 5,433,071.971 m + 145.217 m

Z = +3,218,031.876 m Z = + 3,218,212.963 m + 181.087 m

COMPUTED NIMA EAST NIMA CONUS

dX = - 9 m dX = -9 (0 m) dX = -8 (1m)

dY = + 145 dY = + 161 (16 m) dY = + 160 (15 m)

dZ = + 181 dZ = + 179 (2 m) dZ = + 176 (5 m)

DATUM TRANSFORMATION DATUM TRANSFORMATION IDEAL METHODIDEAL METHOD

SATISFIES ALL USERS’ REQUIREMENTSSATISFIES ALL USERS’ REQUIREMENTS

CAPABLE OF TRANSFORMING LARGE HOLDINGS OF COORDINATE CAPABLE OF TRANSFORMING LARGE HOLDINGS OF COORDINATE DATADATA

NEAR-REAL TIME APPLICATIONSNEAR-REAL TIME APPLICATIONS

SIMPLE - METHOD SHOULD NOT REQUIRE AN EXPERT OR SIMPLE - METHOD SHOULD NOT REQUIRE AN EXPERT OR DECISIONS TO BE MADEDECISIONS TO BE MADE

ACCURATEACCURATE

NADCONNADCON DESIGNED TO SATISFY THE MAJORITY OF THE “IDEAL DESIGNED TO SATISFY THE MAJORITY OF THE “IDEAL

METHOD” DESIGN AND HAS DEFINED AS THE NATIONAL METHOD” DESIGN AND HAS DEFINED AS THE NATIONAL STANDARD.STANDARD.

DESIGN CRITERIADESIGN CRITERIA:: Relies only on NGS archived data existing in both NAD 27 and NAD 83Relies only on NGS archived data existing in both NAD 27 and NAD 83 Provides consistent results, both forward and inverseProvides consistent results, both forward and inverse FastFast Not tied to NGS Data BaseNot tied to NGS Data Base Small - Fit on PCSmall - Fit on PC Accurate Accurate

15 cm (1 sigma) in Conterminous U.15 cm (1 sigma) in Conterminous U.S. NAD 27 - NAD 83(1986)S. NAD 27 - NAD 83(1986) 5 cm (1 sigma) per State/Region NAD 83 (1986) - HARN5 cm (1 sigma) per State/Region NAD 83 (1986) - HARN

NADCONNADCON= +0.12344 = -1.87842

= +0.12249 = -1.88963

= +0.12423 = -1.81246

= +0.12568 = -1.83364

= +0.12449 = -1.88905

= +0.12499 = -1.86543

= +0.12640 = -1.85407

= +0.12438 = -1.86547

= +0.12354 = -1.8594

= +0.12431 = -1.86291

= +0.12441 = -1.83879

COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION COMPARISONCOMPARISON

NAD 27 to NAD 83(1992)NAD 27 to NAD 83(1992) MOLODENSKYMOLODENSKY

ADJUSTED vs. TRANSFORMEDADJUSTED vs. TRANSFORMED

Station:Station: CHERRYCHERRY

LATITUDELATITUDE LONGITUDELONGITUDE 30-29- 48.47740 099-00-39.29203 - PUBLISHED30-29- 48.47740 099-00-39.29203 - PUBLISHED 30-29-48.6765030-29-48.67650 099-00-39.37955099-00-39.37955 - MOLODENSKY - MOLODENSKY .19910” .08752”.19910” .08752” 6.131 m 2.334 m6.131 m 2.334 m

THIS CORRESPONDS TO A POSITIONALTHIS CORRESPONDS TO A POSITIONAL DIFFERENCE OF DIFFERENCE OF 6.5606.560 m (21.52 ft) m (21.52 ft)

COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION COMPARISONCOMPARISON

NAD 27 to NAD 83(1992) NAD 27 to NAD 83(1992) NADCONNADCON

(ftp://ftp.ngs.noaa.gov/pub/pcsoft/nadcon/)(ftp://ftp.ngs.noaa.gov/pub/pcsoft/nadcon/)

ADJUSTED vs. TRANSFORMEDADJUSTED vs. TRANSFORMED

Station:Station: CHERRYCHERRY

LATITUDELATITUDE LONGITUDELONGITUDE 30-29-48.47740 099-00-39.29203 - PUBLISHED30-29-48.47740 099-00-39.29203 - PUBLISHED

30-29-48.4867030-29-48.48670 099-00-39.28787 099-00-39.28787 - NADCON - NADCON .00930” .00416”.00930” .00416” 0.286 m 0.111 m0.286 m 0.111 m

THIS CORRESPONDS TO A POSITIONALTHIS CORRESPONDS TO A POSITIONAL DIFFERENCE OF DIFFERENCE OF 0.307 0.307 m (1.01 ft)m (1.01 ft)

GPS NETWORKS TO SUPPORT GISGPS NETWORKS TO SUPPORT GIS

““CLASSICAL”CLASSICAL” Lots of control points spaced at regular intervals Lots of control points spaced at regular intervals

(1-3 miles)(1-3 miles)

““CONTEMPORARY”CONTEMPORARY” CORS and Monumentation as neededCORS and Monumentation as needed


OBSERVE TO NATIONAL STANDARDSOBSERVE TO NATIONAL STANDARDS

TIES TO CORS, HARN and LOCAL BMsTIES TO CORS, HARN and LOCAL BMs

QUALITY MONUMENTATIONQUALITY MONUMENTATION

GPS NETWORKS TO SUPPORT GISGPS NETWORKS TO SUPPORT GIS CLASSICAL CLASSICAL


CONTEMPORARYCONTEMPORARY

CLASSICAL GPS NETWORKSCLASSICAL GPS NETWORKS

PROSPROS Monumentation usually established in only 1 or 2 GPS Monumentation usually established in only 1 or 2 GPS

survey campaignssurvey campaigns Complete coverageComplete coverage No time lag for users access to control No time lag for users access to control

CONSCONS Large initial costLarge initial cost Continual network maintenanceContinual network maintenance Monumentation destroyed or disturbed before they’re usedMonumentation destroyed or disturbed before they’re used

CONTEMPORARY GPS NETWORKSCONTEMPORARY GPS NETWORKS

PROSPROS Minimal “permanent” monumentationMinimal “permanent” monumentation Project control established when and where Project control established when and where

neededneeded Costs spread over timeCosts spread over time

CONSCONS Qualified staff to coordinate user requirementsQualified staff to coordinate user requirements Time lag to establish project controlTime lag to establish project control


GPS SURVEY DATAGPS SURVEY DATA

““BLUE - BOOK” SUBMISSION OF DATA FOR BLUE - BOOK” SUBMISSION OF DATA FOR INCLUSION IN NSRSINCLUSION IN NSRS

OROR

DATA MAINTAINED AT THE LOCAL LEVELDATA MAINTAINED AT THE LOCAL LEVEL

GPS NETWORKS TO SUPPORT GISGPS NETWORKS TO SUPPORT GIS“BLUE-BOOK”“BLUE-BOOK” PROSPROS

DATA MAINTAINED IN NSRS IN PERPETUTITYDATA MAINTAINED IN NSRS IN PERPETUTITY

PROVIDES IMPROVED DATA FOR FUTURE NATIONAL GEOID MODELSPROVIDES IMPROVED DATA FOR FUTURE NATIONAL GEOID MODELS

UNIVERSAL DATA ACCESS VIA NGS WEB SITEUNIVERSAL DATA ACCESS VIA NGS WEB SITE

““GOOD HOUSEKEEPING SEAL OF APPROVAL”GOOD HOUSEKEEPING SEAL OF APPROVAL”

CONSCONS INCREASED INITIAL COST (15 - 20%)INCREASED INITIAL COST (15 - 20%)

SLIGHT INCREASE IN INITIAL DATA PROCESSING TIMESLIGHT INCREASE IN INITIAL DATA PROCESSING TIME

GPS NETWORKS TO SUPPORT GISGPS NETWORKS TO SUPPORT GISLOCAL MAINTENANCELOCAL MAINTENANCE

PROSPROS DECREASED INITIAL SURVEY COSTSDECREASED INITIAL SURVEY COSTS

LOCAL CONTROL OF ALL DATALOCAL CONTROL OF ALL DATA

CONSCONS READJUSTMENTS TO FUTURE REFERENCE FRAME CHANGES MUST READJUSTMENTS TO FUTURE REFERENCE FRAME CHANGES MUST

BE DONE AT THE LOCAL LEVELBE DONE AT THE LOCAL LEVEL

DATA MAY BE DIFFICULT TO LOCATE FOR “NON-LOCALS” DATA MAY BE DIFFICULT TO LOCATE FOR “NON-LOCALS”

DATA DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE TO FUTURE NATIONAL GEOID MODELSDATA DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE TO FUTURE NATIONAL GEOID MODELS

GOOD COORDINATION BEGINS WITH GOOD COORDINATES

GEOGRAPHY WITHOUT GEODESY IS A FELONY

Documents

DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION AND FUTURE OF THE NATIONAL SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM HOUSTON