Development Cooperation in Fragile Contexts

Presentation on the Occasion of the

5th Annual Meeting of the Practitioners‘ Network

Isabelle Steimer

Promotional Policy, EU & international Development Cooperation

Jens Clausen

Crisis Response & Governance Asia

Contents

1. Financial Cooperation in Fragile States

2. Case Example 1: The Peace Fund in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

3. Case Example 2: Pakistan-Afghanistan-Tajikistan Regional Integration Programme (PATRIP)

3

Financial Cooperation in Fragile States – Escaping the Vicious Circle

WeakGovernment

Urgent Need of Recon-struction

Risk of Crisis/

Violence

State-Building;„Legitimate State“

Rapid Successes have Psychological Impact:

„Peace Dividend“

Investment in Economy and Infrastructure

44

Financial Cooperation in Fragile States

Areas of conflict in the design of projects in fragile states:

Non-Governm. Actors

Sectoral Objectives

Non-Discrimination

Predictability

Governmental Actors

Stabilisation Objectives

Positive Discrimination

Flexibility

Partners

Objectives

Target Group

Structure

Quick Impact Structural Reconstr.Sustainability

5

The Peace Fund in the DR Congo

Case Example 1:

The Peace Fund in the

Democratic Republic of the Congo

6

DR Congo – Situation Then and Now

● Disastrous civil war from 1997 to 2002● Peace agreement in 2002 and first free elections in 2006

improvement of security situation; high economic growth rate● But still…

…continuous regional fightings between army and rebel groups

…DR Congo is one of the least developed countries in the world

…economic situation is marked by high unemployment, high corruption rate and insufficient legal security

● Especially in the east part the trust of the

population in the state is very low● Lack of perspectives leads to incentives

to join criminal activities

7

The Concept of the Peace Fund: Creating Perspectives, Supporting Peace-Building

● Three main kinds of projects:● Social infrastructure, economic

infrastructure and agriculture

● Programme Objective: ● The different projects create

income and employment● Regional business circles are stimulated

● Overall Development Objective:● People get a perspective and lose

incentives to engage in criminal activities● Reconstruction of the State-Society

Relationship: People gain trust in their government

Peace Fund supports the consolidation of peace and the reduction of poverty

8

The Peace Fund in the DR Congo

Area 2 of the project

Area 1 of the project

Main areas of rebel activity

9

Facts

● The Peace Fund started in 2008● Total commitments by the BMZ (German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and

Development): EUR 50m (EUR 20m in preparation)● 45 projects in the regions of Kinshasa, Maniema and Nord-/South-Kivu

● Status quo of project development:● 472 class rooms built● 41 health centers rehabilitated● 2.842 hectares of land re-cultivated● 446 rural roads rehabilitated● Rehabilitation of the essential transport axis

between Obokote and Punia● Over 1600 permanent posts created● More than 70.000 months of short term

contracts

10

Project Regions

Kinshasa North-Kivu Maniema South-Kivu

11

The Peace Fund:Special Situations need Special Requirements

● Trade-off State <-> NGO:● Involvement of Congolese government necessary to build up legitimate state

But: state often has low capacities and/or little development-orientated policies Alternative: working with NGOs (local NGOs know the needs of the population)

● Solution: the administrative structure of the

Peace Fund involves both actors (s. fig.)● State is involved in the decision process;

population observes the state as a

supporter of development● Local NGOs have the possibility to suggest

projects (allows Peace Fund to react flexibly with upcoming problems) ● Additionally, the civil society is represented in the Comité de Pilotage

12

Administrative Structure of the Peace Fund

German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)

GOPA(Management

of Fund)KfW

Congolesian Ministry of Planning

Local and international NGO‘s carry out projects

Comité de Pilotage(Composed of members of

civil society, church, economy and state)

Provides equity and commitments for projects

Contracts

Preselects

Suggests pre-selection of NGOs

(Dis-)approves pre-selection

(Dis-)approves decisions

Selects

Mandate of

Implementation

Make suggestions

13

Lessons Learned: Strengths and Challenges of the Peace Fund

● High flexibility

● Quick impact

● Large target group

● Employment generation

● Visibility due to large volume („Light House“)

● Strengthening civil society

● Accompanying measures (DNH, HIV/Aids,

Visibility)

● ysdStrengths Challenges

● Low capacities of NGO

● Large project intervention area

● Conflicting interests of state actors

● Reduced sustainability

● Security situation high costs

Intensive support needed

14

Outlook

● The fifth stage of the Peace Fund (EUR 20m) is planned to begin at the end of 2012● Perspectives:

● Higher integration of governmental

administration into the planning process● Further increase of sustainability

of projects ● Higher cooperation between

donor organisations● Additional component:

violence prevention in Kinshasa

Thanks for your attention!

151515

Contact

Philipp Wyrsch KfW Development Bank

Principal Projectmanager Palmengartenstraße 5–9

Peace and Conflict Division 60325 Frankfurt am Main

South and Central Africa

Phone: 069 / 7431-4643

philipp.wyrsch@kfw.de

Carla Berke KfW Development BankDivision Chief Palmengartenstraße 5–9 Peace and Conflict Division 60325 Frankfurt am MainSouth and Central Africa

Phone: 069 / 7431-3826carla.berke@kfw.de

Regional Integration of Border Areas

Pakistan-Afghanistan-Tajikistan Regional Integration Programme

PATRIP Foundation

Jens Clausen

Division Chief

Crisis Response & Governance Asia

17

PATRIPRegional integration of border areas

● Ethnic groups overlap the border areas between Pakistan – Afghanistan - Tajikistan

● Regional integration crossing the border lines is therefore necessary

● This contributes to stabilization of fragile and underdeveloped areas.

Baluchi Pashtun

Tajik

18

Pakistan – Afghanistan – Tajikistan Regional Integration Programme (PATRIP)

● PATRIP is a governance programme in fragile border areas where well – rooted NGOs support (weak) local and provincial governments to find access to the local population which have little confidence in their government.

● Through the PATRIP Foundation international donors provide pooled funds for NGOs.

● Total funds so far provided by PATRIP total to about EUR 20 million.

19

PATRIPObjectives and Concept

19

● PATRIP aims to improve legal cross-border traffic

which will contribute to integration of these border

areas and finally to stability

● Programm Area: close border districts in Afghanistan,

Pakistan and Tajikistan

● Measures: small to mid-scale social and economic

infrastructure

● Selection: by the local communities, local administration

and / or by non-governmental organisations

● Implementation: by international or national non-

governmental organisations in consultation with local

governments

20

PATRIP: Close border ProjectsAfghanistan -Tajikistan

20

● Total Funds donated by the German Federal Foreign Office and

by Luxembourg for this area: EUR 14 million

● Programme area: the border areas between Afghanistan and

Tajikistan

● Main Implementing Partner here is the Aga Khan Development

Network (AKDN)

A f g h a n i s t a n

Vanj Bridge and river stabilization along Panj river - close border road

21

PATRIP – Projects between Tajikistan and Afghanistan Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN)

21

AKDN:Bridges, roads, river stabilization, transmission lines from Tajikistan to Afghanistan along the border river

22

PATRIP: Border projects between Afghanistan and Tajikistan

● Bridges and adjacent close border markets promote regional exchange

● River bank stabilization to preserve agricultural land

● Close border markets stimulate economic development in fragile areas

Vanj Bridge along border

Markets close to bridges and border lines

River bank stabilization close to border

23

PATRIP – Projects in border areas of Afghanistan - Pakistan

Projects in Balochistan by NGO “BRSP“

Projects in FATA by NGO „CAMP“

esp. roads & bridges across the border

Projects in Paktia (AFG) by NGO “ORD“

(e.g. schools for Pakistani and Afghan students in Afghan border area)

24

Organizational Set - up

24

The PATRIP Foundation welcomes other donors to provide funds for these border area programme to be implemented by NGOs.

252525

Contact

Daniela Henrike Klau-Panhans KfW Development Bank

Principal Projectmanager Palmengartenstraße 5–9

Crisis Response and Governance 60325 Frankfurt am Main

Asia

Phone 069 / 7431-2634

daniela-henrike.klau-panhans@kfw.de

Jens Clausen KfW Development BankDivision Chief Palmengartenstraße 5–9 Crisis Response and Governance 60325 Frankfurt am MainAsia

Phone 069 / 7431-2623jens.clausen@kfw.de