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1
Determination the Effect of
Establishment of 4G Systems on
Electromagnetic Radiation Levels
in A Pilot District
Çetin KURNAZ, Doğan YILDIZ, Serap KARAGOL
Ondokuz Mayıs University,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Samsun, Turkey
2
Outline
Objective
Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)
Electromagnetic Pollution
International Standards and Limits
Measurement of EM Pollution
Measurement Results and Analysis
Conclusions
Objective
Technological developments, increasing demand in mobile
communications,
External EMR source and exposure levels are going up day by day,
Measuring and evaluating the exposed EMR levels have become
more substantial for human health especially places where cellular
systems used densely,
Determine the electric field strength levels (E) in Atakum district
which is one of the most crowded districts of Samsun, Turkey, 46
different locations between 2015 and 2016,
Examine and evaluate the change of RF-EMF before and after 4G
in Atakum.3
Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)
4
Fig.1 Electromagnetic Radio Spectrum Fig. 2 Common Source of radiation
5
Electromagnetic Pollution
Fig. 3 Electromagnetic Pollution examples
6
Why more Base Stations? Increasing the number of users
Increased use of multimedia
Users want to stay online anywhere
The Base Station can provide services at a limited number of users and limited area.
7
International Standards and Limits
41(V/m) for GSM 900 (30.9 V/m)
57 (V/m) for GSM 1800 (43.69 V/m)
61 (V/m) for UMTS (3G) (45.75 V/m)
61 (V/m) for WLAN (Wi-Fi) (45.75 V/m)
Fig. 4 The ICNIRP guideline for public exposures as a
function of carrier frequency
Frequency range (MHz)
Electric field strength (V/m)
ICNIRP ICTA
0.010 – 0.15 87 65.25
0.15 - 1 87 65.25
1 - 10 87/f 1/2 65.25/f 1/2
10 - 400 28 21
400 - 2000 1.375f 1/2 1.03f 1/2
2000 - 60000 61 45.75
f is frequency in MHz
Table I Reference levels for general public exposure to time-
varying electric fields for ICNIRP and ICTA
Frequency Spectrum and Systems
8
WiFi
UMTS
GSM1800
GSM900
TVFM
Fig. 5 Detailed examination of the signal in the frequency domain between 100 kHz-3GHz
LTE800
LTE2600
EMR Measurements
9
Fig. 6 PMM-8053
Emax, and Eavg
6 minutes averaging period
PMM 8053,
46 different locations
12 different measurement time
2015-2016Fig. 7 Taking measurement with PMM 8053 EMF meter
10
Measurement Locations
Fig. 8 Measurement locations in Atakum district
Measurement Results (Emax , Eavg )
11
Maximum Emax : 4,77 (V/m)Location: 26Measurement time:5
Maximum Eavg : 3,20 (V/m)Location: 26Measurement time:8
Fig. 9 a) Maximum (Emax) b) Average (Eavg) Es versus locations
Measurement Results (Emax , Eavg diff. times
of a day )
12
The mean Emax for noon: 1,26 (V/m)
The mean Emax for morning: 0,70 (V/m)
The mean Eavg for noon: 0,54 (V/m)
The mean Eavg for morning: 0,37 (V/m)
Fig. 10 a) The Emax b) the Eavg values for morning, noon, and evening
Measurement Results (Emax , Eavg )
13
The mean of Emax : 3,53 (V/m)
Location: 26
Fig. 11 The mean values of Emax and Eavg for twelve different measurement times
The mean Eavg : 2,32 (V/m)
Location: 26
Measurement Results (Emax , Eavg
before&after 4G)
14
Before 4G the mean of Emax : 1,03 (V/m)
After 4G the mean of Emax : 0,92 (V/m)
Fig. 12 a) The Emax b) the Eavg values for morning, noon, and evening
Before 4G the mean of Eavg : 0,42 (V/m)
After 4G the mean of Eavg : 0,55 (V/m)
30,95% increase
Measurement Results (Emax , Eavg
before&after 4G)
15
Fig. 13 MapInfo picture of a) Emax b) Eavg after 4G
Measurement Results (24 hour measurement)
16
Fig. 14 E levels during a day for location 26
The highest Emax value: 17,53 (V/m)
The highest Eavg value: : 9,44 (V/m)
The standart deviation value : 2,02 (V/m)
BaseStation
Fig. 15 A picture of location 26
Conclusions
17
The Short/Long term E measurements
Two of the measurements were taken before 4G and the remaining measurements were
taken after 4G.
Each measurement was taken at three different times of the day.
E levels may vary with the measurement location and time
The maximum Emax is 17,53 V/m, the maximum Eavg is 9,44 V/m
Below ICNRP and ICTA limits but it can be considered as high for the countries (e.g.
Switzerland and Italy)
A decrease of 45,95% was observed in the measurement values of the morning hours
compared to the measurement values of the evening and noon hours.
The average RF-EMF value after 4G introduced has increased by 30,95% compared to
before 4G.
24 hour measurement was taken at a location where highest value was observed and was
analyzed to observe the change of RF-EMFs during a day.
18
Questions
Thank You for Your
Attendance
Assistant Prof. Dr. Çetin KURNAZ
Ondokuz Mayıs University
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
e-mail: [email protected]