DETERGENT

What is a detergent?

A surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with "cleaning properties in dilute solutions ".

Refers to alkylbenzenesulfonates, a family of compounds that are similar

to soap but are more soluble in hard water .

Detergents are commonly available as powders or concentrated solutions. Their dual nature facilitates the mixture of

hydrophobic compounds (like oil and grease) with water.

TYPES OF DETERGENT

1 .Anionic detergents

Typical anionic detergents are alkylbenzenesulfonate. Two varieties have been popularized, those with branched alkyl groups and those with linear alkyl

groups .

Three kinds of anionic detergents: a branched sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, linear sodium

dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and a soap.

2 .Cationic detergents

Anionic ones, with a hydrophobic component, but, instead of the anionic sulfonate group.

Cationic detergents have a positively charged center .

Ammonium in cationic detergents is located at the polar end of the molecule.

Hydrophobic. But in scientific settings, cationic detergents can get gel-like substances

as clean possible .

3 .Non-ionic and zwitterionic detergents

Non-ionic detergents are characterized by their uncharged, hydrophilic headgroups .

Zwitterionic detergents possess a net zero charge arising from the presence of equal numbers of +1 and -1 charged

chemical groups .

Nonionic detergents are synthesized using a number of different chemicals. For the

most part, nonionic detergents are made with polyoxyethylene glycol .

Used in laboratory settings to ensure complete removal of dirt and other contaminants from objects of

research.

4 .Vehicle Injection Detergents

Vehicle injection detergents are usually made up of two or three different types of

chemical detergents.

polyisobuteneamine

5 .Laundry Detergents

Commercially sold laundry detergents are not entirely made up of the chemicals that

industrial and scientific detergents are made of.

Because these detergents are often used with water, they

cannot have hydrophobic qualities.

SOAP

VS

DETERGENT

Soap

A soap is a salt of a compound known as a fatty acid. A soap molecule consists of a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid group

on one end which is ionic bonded to a metal ion, usually a sodium or potassium. The hydrocarbon

end is nonpolar and is soluble in nonpolar substances, and the ionic end is soluble in water. The structure of a soap molecule is represented

below :

Detergents are structurally similar to soaps, but differ in the water-soluble portion.

Three examples of detergents are shown below .

DETERGENT

A synthetic detergent, a sodium alkyl sulfate called sodium dodecylsulfate, will be prepared by reacting

dodecyl alcohol (dodecanol) with sulfuric acid .

DETERGENT

SOAP

•A soap is the salt of a carboxylic acid.

•Produced from natural products(fats and oils obtained

from plants or animals or oilseeds)

•More preferable than detergents•Made from natural products•Biodegradable•Used on body•Builds up on clothes/ does not

rinse out•Causes fabric to deteriorate while

leaving an odor•Combines with magnesium and

calcium ions in hard water •Solid bars•Contains glycerin•Used for removing dirt and oils 

DETERGENT

•A detergent is the salt of a

sulfonic acid.

•Not much preferable

•Used on clothes

•More powerful than soap

•Does not build up on clothes

•Powdery/ concentrated

•Synthetic, or man-made

•Help dissolve oils in water

(grease)

•Used for any cleaning purpose

•Clean sand and water

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOAP AND DETERGENT

Surfactants: detergents or soaps

In a cleaning solution, the hydrophobic end of the surfactant molecule orients

toward the soil. Many surfactant molecules will

attack the soil, breaking it up into small pieces and

completely surrounding it. The hydrophillic ends of the

surfactant molecules project into the solvent, causing the

soil to be broken up, removed from the surfaces,

lifted and suspended into the cleaning solution.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

BABYLON

AMERICA

Sulfonation and Sulfation

Blender Process

Agglomeration Process

Slurry Method

Liquifying

Sulfonation and SulfationSulfonation and sulfation are major industrial chemical

processes used to make a diverse range of products, including dyes and color intensifiers,

pigments, medicinals, pesticides

and organic intermediates .

Agglomeration Process

Slurry Process

Raw Materials in Detergent

SurfactantBuilders

Bleaching AgentsEnzymes

Fillers

Surfactants

Surfactants are Surface active agents .

Surfactants are chemically similar to soaps, the primary difference being that

detergents are synthetically manufactured whereas soaps are prepared from natural products--

specifically the saponification of fats

and oils

Builders

Bind cations contained in wash solutions resulting in water softening.

Binds particles that react with other detergent ingredients

It extend the life of washing machinehelps stain removal

Enzymes

Act on materials that make up a variety of stains and soils so

that these materials can be washed away more easily.

Remove protein from clothes soiled with blood,

milk, sweat, grass, etc. far more effectively than non-enzyme detergents

ARTICLE

TITLE: Are You Poisoning Your Household With this Chore?

DATE PUBLISHED: December 21, 2011 

AUTHOR: Dr. Mercola 

END OF PRESENTATION