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D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
1
Final Report
Solid Waste Management
Detailed Project Report
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 PROJECT BACKGROUND 9
1.1 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 9
1.2 PROBLEMS DUE TO SOLID WASTE 10
1.3 CURRENT STATUS OF SWM IN INDIA 10
1.4 INITIATIVES TO IMPROVE SWM IN INDIA 10
1.5 PROJECT BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES 14
1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY 14
1.7 REPORT OVERVIEW 16
1.8 WORK DONE IN THIS STUDY 16
1.9 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT 18
2 TOWN PROFILE 20
2.1 BACKGROUND & HISTORY 20
2.2 PROFILE OF THE TOWN 20
2.3 TOPOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE 21
2.4 POPULATION OF THE TOWN 22
2.5 SLUM POPULATION 24
2.6 POPULATION DENSITY 25
2.7 FLOATING POPULATION 25
2.8 COMMERCIAL AREA 25
2.9 MAJOR TOURIST CENTRES 25
2.10 ATHANI TOWN MUNICIPAL COUNCIL 26
3 PRESENT SYSTEM OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 28
3.1 THE PRESENT SCENARIO OF MSWM SYSTEM IN ATHANI 28
3.2 POPULATION PROJECTION 29
3.3 WASTE GENERATION PROJECTION 30
3.4 WASTE COLLECTION 31
3.5 STREET SWEEPING 33
3.6 TOOLS USED 33
3.7 TRANSPORTATION OF WASTES 33
3.8 PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES 35
3.9 SEGREGATION OF RECYCLABLES WASTES 37
3.10 STAFF INVOLVED IN SWM 38
3.11 MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE COMPOSITION 38
3.12 SEGREGATION OF RECYCLABLES WASTES 40
3.13 PRESENT EXPENDITURE ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 40
4 ISSUES AND GAPS IN THE PRESENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF MSW 41
4.1 GAPS AND ISSUES IN ATHANI 41
5 POTENTIAL STRATEGIES SUGGESTED FOR MSWM 42
5.1 OVERALL CONCEPT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT PROPOSED 42
5.2 PROPOSED WASTE FLOW PROCESSES 45
5.3 STORAGE OF WASTE AT SOURCE 47
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
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5.4 SEGREGATION OF WASTE AT SOURCE 47
5.5 DOOR TO DOOR COLLECTION AND ROUTING PLAN 47
5.6 SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTE 51
5.7 BIOMEDICAL WASTE 52
5.8 DRY WASTE AND E-WASTE COLLECTION CENTRE 52
5.9 CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE 54
5.10 ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT 55
6 PROPOSED PROCESSING FACILITY 57
6.1 TECHNOLOGY SELECTION 57
6.2 AEROBIC COMPOSTING 58
6.3 PROCESSING DECOMPOSED GARBAGE 62
6.4 PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE AT LANDFILL SITE 62
6.5 DESIGN OF RECOMMENDED PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OPTIONS 65
6.6 VERMI COMPOSTING 73
7 DESIGN OF LANDFILL 74
7.1 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SANITARY LANDFILL FACILITY 74
7.2 BIO REMEDIATION AT PREVIOUS ENGINEERING SITE 74
7.3 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR SANITARY LANDFILL 87
7.4 OPERATION PLAN OF SANITARY LANDFILL 90
8 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS AND CAPACITY BUILDING 101
8.1 DECENTRALIZATION OF ADMINISTRATION 101
8.2 DELEGATION OF POWERS 102
8.3 WORK NORMS 102
8.4 INDUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL/PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERS 104
8.5 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT 105
8.6 THE ENTIRE ADMINISTRATION OF SWM DEPARTMENT TO BE UNDER ONE UMBRELLA 107
8.7 INTER DEPARTMENTAL CO-ORDINATION 108
8.8 ENCOURAGEMENT TO NGO’S AND WASTE COLLECTOR CO-OPERATIVES 108
8.9 PUBLIC AWARENESS AND IEC 110
9 SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL REQUIREMENT 118
9.1 REQUIREMENT OF CAPITAL COST 118
9.2 FUNDING PATTERN 119
9.3 DETAILED BOQ AND ESTIMATES 120
9.4 REQUIREMENT OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COST 120
9.5 REVENUE FROM SALE OF COMPOST AND USER CHARGES 147
9.6 REVENUE PROPOSED 148
9.7 BREAKUP OF FINANCIAL ASPECT 149
ANNEXURE 1. LEGAL ASPECTS 150
ANNEXURE 2. SOLID WASTE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS 160
ANNEXURE 3. WASTE GENERATION ESTIMATION 161
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
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ANNEXURE 4. SURVEY ANALYSIS 163
ANNEXURE 5. EXISTING AND PROPOSED ROUTE MAP FOR COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT VEHICLES 172
ANNEXURE 6. DESIGNS FOR PROPOSED WASTE PROCESSING FACILITY 173
ANNEXURE 7. MACHINE, EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLE SPECIFICATIONS 174
MACHINE AND EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS 174
VEHICLE SPECIFICATIONS – 184
ANNEXURE 8. NORMATIVE STANDARDS FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 185
ANNEXURE 9. OFFICE MEMORANDUM FOR GOI SHARE 187
ANNEXURE 10. MINIMUM WAGES ACT GOK 2017 188
ANNEXURE 11. QUOTATIONS 190
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1: Indicative Plans for Municipal Solid Waste Management ...................................... 14
Table 1-2 Consultant Team’s Field Visit Details ....................................................................... 17
Table 2-1: Population of Athani ............................................................................................... 22
Table 2-2: Ward-wise population ............................................................................................ 24
Table 2-3: Slum settlements .................................................................................................... 24
Table 2-4: Slum Settlements .................................................................................................... 25
Table 3-1: Waste Generation estimation................................................................................. 28
Table 3-2: Ward wise Waste Generation ................................................................................. 29
Table 3-3: Population Projections ............................................................................................ 30
Table 3-4 Waste Generation in Athani .................................................................................... 31
Table 3-5: Details of Primary Collection .................................................................................. 31
Table 3-7 MSW Transportation Vehicles And Quantification of MSW .................................... 34
Table 3-8 Physical composition of waste in Percentage ......................................................... 38
Table 3-9 Chemical Composition of the Waste ....................................................................... 39
Table 5-1 Micro-plan For Autotippers ..................................................................................... 49
Table 5-2: Details of Personal Protective Equipments ............................................................ 51
Table 6-1 Details of Landfill Layout .......................................................................................... 59
Table 6-2 Details of Common Facilities Proposed at Site ........................................................ 61
Table 6-3 Details of Structures Proposed ................................................................................ 61
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
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Table 6-4Material Flow ............................................................................................................ 70
Table 6-5: Arrangement and Turning of Windrows ................................................................. 72
Table 7-1Design Fundamental of Sanitary Landfill site ........................................................... 74
Table 7-2: Area at Landfill Site after Bioremediation and Segregation ................................... 75
Table 7-3 Percentage Recovery of Recyclable waste .............................................................. 76
Table 7-4 cost estimate for sanitary Landfill site ..................................................................... 85
Table 7-5 Leachate generation ................................................................................................ 85
Table 7-6 Estimation of Leachate Tank .................................................................................... 85
Table 7-7 Activities to be carried out under environment monitoring plan ........................... 99
Table 8-1: Training Requirement for Municipal Workers ...................................................... 107
Table 8-2 Activities to be practiced for participation model for implementation of
Segregation ............................................................................................................................ 114
Table 8-3 Action Plan for IEC .................................................................................................. 116
Table 9-1 Cost Estimate for Proposed Equipments, Vehicles and Machinery ...................... 118
Table 9-2: Estimated Budget expenditure (In Lakhs) ............................................................. 119
Table 9-3: Requirement of Manpower .................................................................................. 146
Table 9-4 O&M cost requirement for manpower.................................................................. 146
Table 9-5 O&M Expenditure .................................................................................................. 147
Table 9-6: Proposed Revenue Generation ............................................................................. 147
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1 Average rainfall for Belagavi district ....................................................................... 21
Figure 2-2 Average Temperature for Belagavi ......................................................................... 21
Figure 2-3 Population Growth Rate of the Town ..................................................................... 22
Figure 2-4 Ward Wise Map of the Town .................................................................................. 23
Figure 2-5 Organization Structure of the ULB ......................................................................... 27
Figure 3-1 population projection for the ulb ........................................................................... 30
Figure 3-2 Contour Map for SWM site Athani ......................................................................... 36
figure 3-3Physical Composition of Municipal Solid Waste ...................................................... 39
Figure 5-1Proposed Waste flowchart for Athani ..................................................................... 46
Figure 6-2 Layout Plan for SWM site Athani ............................................................................ 60
Figure 6-3 Details of Different Layers in Recharge Pit ............................................................. 65
Figure 6-4: Squeeze test to estimate moisture content .......................................................... 67
Figure 6-5 : SWM Waste Process flow Chart ........................................................................... 72
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
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Figure 7-1: Options for Treatment of Existing MSW Dump on the Site .................................. 75
Figure 7-2: Line Placement at edges of Landfill ....................................................................... 77
Figure 7-3: Line Placement at edges of Landfill ....................................................................... 78
Figure 7-4: Placement of the HDPE Liner over the Clay liner .................................................. 78
Figure 7-5: Placement of the Gravel Drainage Layer and Geotextile over the Clay liner ........ 78
Figure 7-6: Leachate Collection Pipes are to be connected to a sump, through the liner ...... 79
Figure 7-7: Welding of Leachate Pipes .................................................................................... 81
Figure 7-8: Support of Leachate Pipes ..................................................................................... 82
Figure 7-9 Phytorid Treatment ................................................................................................ 87
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
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ABBREVIATIONS
ADP Annual Development Plan KM Kilo Meter
AIILSG All India Institute of Local Self Government LS Lump Sum
APL Above Poverty Line M Municipality
ATR Action taken Report M & E Monitoring & Evaluation
BPL Below Poverty Line M3 Cubic Meter
CAA Constitutional Amendment Act MIC Mayor in Council
CBO Community Based Organizations MIS Municipal Information System
CDP City Development Plan MLD Million Liters per Day
CDS Community Development Society LPCD Liters per capita per day
CII Confederation of Indian Industries WRD Water Resource Department (GoK)
CMO Chief Municipal Officer KSPCB Karnataka State Pollution Control Board
CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environment
Engineering Organization MSW Municipal solid Waste
DCHB District Census Handbook NGO Non Government Organization
DDP Draft Development Plan NH National Highway
DFID Department of International Development NP Nagar Parishad
DLB Directorate of Local Bodies NSDP National Slum Development Policy
DM District Magistrate O & M Operation & Maintenance
DoE Department of Environment OG Outer Growth
DoHFW Department of Health and Family Welfare OHT Over Head Tank
EPCO Environmental Planning and Coordination
Organization OSD Open Sewerage Disposal
EWS Economically Weaker Sections PHED Public health Engineering Department
GIS Geographical Information System PPH Persons per Hectare
GoI Government of India PPP Public Private Partnership
GoK Government of Karnataka PRA Participatory Rapid Assessment
GSR Ground Structure Reservoir PWD Public Work Department
H&ED Housing and Environment Department SH State Highway
HUDCO Housing and Urban Development
Corporation Ltd SWM Solid Waste Management
INTACH Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural
Heritage ULB Urban Local Body
JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal
Mission TCPO
Town and Country Planning
Organization
KL Kilo liter UADD Urban Administration and Development
Department
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
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AIILSG TEAM
Name Degree / Experience Position Held in AIILSG
Mr. Ashish Deosthali B.E Civil, M.E in Environment Engineer Director General
Dr. Abhijeet Khandage Ph.D. Geology GIS Consultant
Mr. Sushil Sapakale DCE GIS Consultant
Mr. Nikhil Vaiude B. Arch, M. Plan (Environmental Planning)
Associate Project Director
Mr. Gajanan Deshpande B.A.M.S, M.Sc. (Habitat Policy and Practice)
Programme Officer
CA Tushar Shah Chartered Accountant Municipal Finance Specialist
Mr. Aniruddha Padale Master of Social Work (MSW), Social Development Expert
Mr. Mandar Antrolikar B.Sc, Diploma in GIS Assistant Director
Mrs. Priya Kapole M.sc Environmental Science Programme Officer
Ms. Sayali B Ghogare B Arch, M-Tech (Town Planning) Programme Officer
Mrs. Monali Kachale B.E Civil Programme Officer
Ms. Anuradha Ambekar
B. Sc. Microbiology, PG Diploma in
Urban Planning and Development
(pursuing)
Programme Officer
Ms. Ranjana Shedage M.A. Geography, M.Sc.Geoinformatics Programme Officer, GIS
Mr. Gaurav Pawar M.Tech Civil Environment Programme Officer
Mr. Onkar Patil B.E. Environment Programme Officer
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
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1 Project Background
Waste disposal is one of the major problems being faced over the world and India is no
exception. Management of Solid Waste, though an essential service, is given low priority.
This, coupled with lack of financial resources, institutional weaknesses, improper choice of
technology & rapid urbanization, whose ramifications are more pronounced with
uncontrolled growth rate of population, has made this service far from satisfactory, thus
creating serious environmental and health problems.
1.1 Solid Waste Management
Solid Waste Management (SWM) is an organized process of storage, collection,
transportation, processing, and disposal of solid refuse residuals in an engineered sanitary
landfill. It is an integrated process comprising several collection methods, varied
transportation equipment, storage, recovery mechanisms for recyclable material, reduction
of waste volume, and quantity by methods such as composting; refuse derived fuel (RDF),
waste-to-energy, and disposal in a designated engineered sanitary landfill.
The selection of a suitable SWM process is driven by the source and quality of waste
produced. Solid waste is generated from a number of sources which include households
(kitchen and yard), commercial areas (shops, hotels and restaurants), industries (raw
material and packaging), institutions (schools, hospitals and offices), construction and
demolition sites, wild and domesticated animals (carcasses of dead animals, manure), parks
(fallen branches, leaves from trees), and streets (sand, silt, clay, concrete, bricks, asphalt,
residues from air deposition, and dust).
Collection
Transportation
Recovery
Recycling / Disposal
Analysis
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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1.2 Problems Due To Solid Waste
Accumulation of solid waste in open areas is an eyesore, diminishing real estate and
property value, a breeding ground for insects, and other vectors (rats and mice, wild and
domesticated animals). It also causes odour nuisance, reflects the unorganized nature of the
community, and creates a poor environment for growing children.
Improper and unorganized disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in open areas and
landfills have a negative impact on the living conditions of human beings as well as the
overall environment. It results in spread of communicable and non-communicable diseases
among human beings and animals, thus affecting the welfare, livelihood, and economic
productivity. In addition, it causes contamination of soil, surface water, ground water and
generation of toxic and greenhouse gases. However, using adequate information, resources,
and efficient management practices, one can turn solid waste into a useful resource.
1.3 Current Status of SWM in India
Management of Solid Wastes is of growing concern to the general public at large, local
authorities and business communities in cities and towns across India. The problem is
exacerbating in urban areas due to rapid strides in population growth, coupled with an
economic boom that encourages the consumption of goods and, hence, wastes generation.
As per Census 2011, the urban population accounts for 31.16 percent of the total Indian
population.
The Local Governing Bodies (LGBs), viz. municipalities and municipal corporations, are
responsible for providing SWM services in the urban areas. In most of the urban areas,
insufficient funds, use of obsolete/ inefficient technologies, lack of public
awareness/training, and improper infrastructure have resulted in a state of poor SWM.
1.4 Initiatives to Improve SWM in India
In recent years, the Government of India has taken several initiatives to improve existing
SWM practices in the country. Some of the key initiatives and recommendations are
discussed below:
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
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1.4.1 Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules
The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India, published
“Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2016” (MSW Rules 2016). These
rules were developed in conformance with Sections 3, 6 and 25 of the Environment
Protection Act, 1986 and aim at standardization and enforcement of SWM practices in the
urban sector. They dictate that, “Every municipal authority shall, within the territorial area
of the municipality, be responsible for the implementation of the provisions of these rules
and infrastructure development for collection, storage segregation, transportation,
processing and disposal of municipal solid wastes”. In addition, “the CPCB shall coordinate
with State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) and Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) in the
matters of MSW disposal and its management and handling”.
1.4.2 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) is a notable initiative
undertaken by Government of India. JNNURM provides funding for urban infrastructure
development in 67 cities and towns of the country. This mission was initiated in 2006 and is
slated to continue until 2011.
1.4.3 Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium
Towns
The primary objective of this scheme is to improve the urban infrastructure in towns and
cities in a planned manner and to promote public private partnership (PPP) in infrastructure
development. This scheme was introduced in the year 2005-06 and will continue for seven
years. This scheme is applicable to all cities/towns as per 2001 census, except the
cities/towns covered under the JNNURM. One of the components of this scheme is to renew
the old sewerage and solid waste disposal systems in inner (old) areas.
1.4.4 Swachh Bharat Mission
Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) was launched on 2nd of October, 2014 with a vision to
achieve a clean India as a tribute to the father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi, on his 150th
birth anniversary, in 2019. SBM is being implemented by the Ministry of Urban
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
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Development (MoUD) and by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (M/o DWS) for
urban and rural areas with a given set of guidelines for improved sanitary services and
capacity building initiatives.
Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) a major component of the SBM (urban)-
“refers to a systematic process that comprises of waste segregation and storage at source,
primary collection, secondary storage, transportation, secondary segregation, resource
recovery, processing, treatment, and final disposal of solid waste.”
Under the provisions of SWM, the local bodies are to prepare Detailed Project Reports in
consultation with the state government based on the identified needs of the City Sanitation
Plans. Provision also mentions clustering of smaller cities for attracting Private investment.
The DPRs should be prepared in lines with Govt. of India’s goals outlined in the NUSP 2008,
SWM rules, advisories, CPHEEO manuals (including cost recovery mechanisms), O&M
practices and Service-level Benchmark advisories released by M/o UD and Manual on
Municipal Solid Waste Management, 2000.
States will contribute a minimum of 25% funds for SWM projects to match 75% Central
Share (10% in the case of North East States and special category states). 80% of the urban
population to be covered by SWM services (allowing for a 2% increase year on year)
covering all statutory towns. 1 Central government Grant / VGF may also be used to
promote projects of waste to energy.
1.4.5 Finance Commission Recommendations
Constituted by the President of India, under Article 280 of the constitution, the Finance
Commission is to recommend on distribution of central tax revenues between the Union
and the States. Supporting Local bodies through grant, subsequent to the passage of the
73rd and 74th constitutional amendments was first time announced in the 10th Finance
Commission for providing basic services at the grassroots level and strengthening
decentralization.
The 13th Finance Commission has recommended two categories of Grants to Local Bodies
namely (1) General Basic Grant and (2) General Performance Grant. The Basic Grants will be
released on furnishing the U.Cs for the last releases and the General Performance Grant will
be released on fulfilment of nine conditions by the State Government, as stipulated in para
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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10.16.1 of the report of the 13th Finance Commission by March of a particular financial
year. Performance-related funds under the 13th Finance Commission have been linked to
improvements in SLBs including SWM.
Further, in 2009, MoUD initiated Service Level Benchmarking (SLB) with respect to basic
municipal services including solid waste management. SLB has been introduced in 30 states
and across 1700 ULBs. Performance-related funds under the 13th Finance Commission have
been linked to improvements in SLBs including SWM. The 13th Finance Commission also
recommends that of all grants to be given to the ULBs, 50% should be for SWM (2010-
2015). Moreover, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has funded five Waste-to-
Energy plants for utilization of MSW. The grant recommended to ULBs in Andhra Pradesh is
Rs. 1919.20 crores for the XIII FC period of 2010- 2015. Under such grant every local body is
mandated preparing an Annual Development Plan where in the component integrated solid
waste management under PPP mode (excluding purchase of equipment for collection and
transport of garbage) is to be incorporated.
1.4.6 National Green Tribunal Recommendations
CPCB has framed and notified the “Action Plan for Management of Municipal Solid Waste
(MSW)” in compliance with the National Green Tribunal order dated 5th Feb-2015 in the
matter of OA No. 199 of 2014. The Action Plan emphasizes on strengthening the planning
exercise at national, state as well as city level by improvising through the waste
management value chain. In addition to that, The Plan suggested the concept of regional
cluster approach as well as technology options on the basis of quantum of MSW generation
which has been re-produced below in nutshell.
The Regional Cluster approach is based on the concept of discouraging setting up of
individual waste processing and disposal facilities leading to mushrooming of innumerable
facilities which are difficult to monitor and sustain. The approach requires a detailed survey
of the study area and identification of location for regional facility with adequate size of land
free from public objections. An indicative distance of say up to 50 km for each local body
may be feasible based on local condition, fixing of criteria by the local body to transport the
waste for common disposal point without causing public nuisance and traffic hurdles.
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However, alternate options can be worked out for smaller local bodies. Common facility
should be ‘integrated’ with facilities for sorting, compost, RDF and energy plant and
followed by inert recycling/re-use. Only a fraction of inert waste should go for land-filling.
The Action Plan has outlined indicative plan based on the quantum of waste generated in
the cluster. The indicative plans have been given for towns in four ranges of waste
generation.
TABLE 1-1: INDICATIVE PLANS FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Range Plan
>500 TPD
Modernization/ mechanization of waste storage and transportation facilities
Privatization/ contract with ‘operators’ for collection of waste from various sources and
its transportation
Seeking support of Private entrepreneurship in setting up of waste processing and
disposal facility
Between
100-500
TPD
Modernization/ mechanization of waste storage and transportation facilities
Privatization/ contract with ‘operators’ for collection of waste from various sources and
its transportation
Seeking support of Private entrepreneurship in setting up of waste processing and
disposal facility
Less than
100 TPD
Proper system for waste collection, storage and transportation considering the local
situation
Aerobic composting ·Such towns can be the member of Cluster/Regional facility
Less than
50 TPD
Technological solutions which could be managed without high skill operations ·Proper
collection of waste and motivating citizens for segregation of waste
Composting.
1.5 Project Background & Objectives
There is a need to enhance the existing MSWM system for Town Municipal Council (TMC)
and thus improve the health and living standards of its residents. The purpose of this project
is to identify the existing MSWM practices within the town, recognize deficiencies/gaps in
the present system and propose a comprehensive plan for MSWM including segregation,
collection, and transportation and regional/cluster approach for processing & scientific
disposal in Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility in compliance with the
MSW Rules 2016. In addition, analyze options for waste processing for effective and
scientific management of MSW generated.
1.6 Scope of Study
Realistic assessment of quantity, Characterization and classification of MSW
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Detailed survey of the prevailing conditions
Situation/Gap Analysis of the existing condition with respect to MSW Rules, 2016
Detailed planning for resource requirement & implementation strategy
Design of MSW management system viz. Collection System (Primary/ Secondary) ,
Transportation & Fleet Management Plan, waste processing system and sanitary
landfill in accordance with MSW Rules 2016 & CPHEEO Manual, Govt. of India
Techno economic and environmental analysis of various options for MSWM
Preparation of conceptual and detailed drawings
Preparation of Bill of Quantities (BOQs)
Capital and Operation & Maintenance (O&M) cost estimates
Identification and formation of the clusters on the basis of geographical locations
MSW management model including privatization aspects
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
The deliverables will ultimately achieve the following goals:
100% source segregation of wet & dry waste
Primary collection of waste
Secondary collection and transportation of waste
Creating and sustaining a supply chain for recycled waste
Streamlining and optimization of transportation system
Analysis for the need of transfer station and its basic design
Innovative processes and their enforcement for making the habitations litter free,
bin free and dump free to prevent the health hazard.
Options for processing the biodegradable waste
Feasibility study for the exploration of waste to power on the basis of cluster
approach
Options for using the inert material like construction & demolition material
Reclamation and bio-mining of old dump sites
Innovative incentive structure to the operating personnel for motivation
Financial model and institutional framework
Measures for the involvement of all stakeholders
Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaign models and enforcement
plans
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
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1.7 Report Overview
The Athani Town Municipal Council (TMC) is looking for improving efficiencies in municipal
solid waste management (MSWM) practices focusing on improving efficiency of collection,
transportation and processing of the municipal waste generated in the town. This report
brings out the present situation of solid waste management at Athani and the proposals to
improve the same.
The project activity aims at
Establishing effective waste collection mechanism with a view point to collect more
than 85% of the solid waste generated in the municipal area.
Conducting efficient waste transportation mechanism to be able to carry out 100%
of the collected waste.
Processing and recycling of the Municipal Solid Waste.
Environmental consciousness and job creation for the local youth.
The broad scope of work for the project includes development of technical and
economically viable solid waste management plan along with the design of collection,
transportation, treatment disposal infrastructure. The outline of scope of work for the
overall project includes the following activities.
a. Collection & compilation of data
b. Interaction with ULB, local stakeholders and obtaining preliminary information
c. Submission of draft DPR
d. Presentation of the plans and receiving comments and inputs.
e. Submission of final DPR
The structure of the detail project report has been detailed in the next section.
1.8 Work Done in this Study
To draft the detail project report for Athani, the following sets of activities have been done
by All India Institute of Local Self Government.
1.8.1 Field visits and data collection
A team of consultants from All India Institute of Local Self Government had visited the town.
The team visited various parts of the town to understand the existing infrastructure and
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
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MSWM mechanism in the town. The team interacted with various stake holders of MSWM
system. Following table gives details of the team’s visit in Athani.
TABLE 1-2 CONSULTANT TEAM’S FIELD VISIT DETAILS
Activities Day Visited Activity
Physical character
analysis at Land
Fill (For 2 Days)
07 – 08 Dec
2015
2 samples are to be analyzed using the quartering
technique for understanding the waste character.
Each sample was segregated to take weights of the
components in MSW.
Waste quantity
analysis (For 2
Days)
11 – 12 Dec
2015
Hiring of an Weigh Bridge at Athani for measuring Full and
Empty Vehicles carrying waste to dumping location
Vehicle wise Details to be listed in the annexure and total
waste generated is to be averaged for current scenario
Commercial
Survey
10 – 12 Dec
2015
The team along with sanitary inspectors needs to visit each
and every ward and counted the number of different
commercial establishments including shops, hotels,
education
Institutions, medical centers and etc.
Determining ward wise type of Waste generator.
Street Sweeping
Survey
12 – 14 Dec
2015
Categorization of Roads as per there importance during
mapping
Demarcating the current Scenario of Street Sweeping on
each road
Calculating the length of road allocated to each Sweeper
Finalization of Type A, B, C road on basis of the discussion
with sanitary inspector and man power deputation plan for
the future.
Open Dumping
areas in the town
12 – 14 Dec
2015
Location of Open dumping areas in the town
Topographical
Survey
15 Dec 2015 Topographical Survey Done
1.8.2 Primary data collection undertaken
Primary data collected for preparation of this report includes the following key features
Average waste generated by key waste generators in Athani,
Physical character of the waste disposed at Athani,
Quantity of the waste collected and transported to the landfill
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
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Type of roads swept daily, twice a week and once in a week
Average length of street swept by each MSWM staff.
Waste movement mechanism in the town.
Location of secondary bins for waste collection
Approximate estimation of open points in the town.
Survey on commercial establishments of the town in all wards
1.8.3 Secondary Data Collection & Assessment
Secondary data required for the report like existing ward wise population of the town,
weather information, standard average quantity of waste generated per waste generator,
area of the town, total population of town in the past, other reports on MSWM were
gathered from various sources. A review of the available documents about Athani and the
previous studies on solid waste management systems in Athani was done. The gathered
data was compiled as per the requirement of DPR.
1.8.4 Design and report preparation:
Using the data collected by the primary resources, secondary resources and interaction with
stake holders and TMC staff a collection, transport DPR is prepared. The DPR has considered
the future population growth and prospective increased growth in the town. A detailed cost
estimation and financial sustainability analysis has been done and presented in the report.
All the designs and estimates are provided along with the report as annexure.
1.8.5 Review process
The draft report, cost estimates, designs and drawings were submitted to TMC for review.
This final DPR document has been prepared by incorporating all the suggestions, comments
and inputs of TMC. The TMC shall further review the report, seek the state government
clearance as required and the final report would be drafted to meet the requirements of
using the document for implementation.
1.9 Structure of the Report
Chapter Heading Contents
1 Introduction The chapter provides and introduction to study, the
terms of reference, study methodology and outline of
the study.
2 Town Profile The Town profile brings out the nature and details of
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
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Chapter Heading Contents
the town. The demography, importance, climate and
structure of the town are brought out.
3 Present MSWM
scenario in Athani
The existing waste management systems in the town
in presented. The waste assessment undertaken is
presented. The strengths and lacunae of the systems
are brought out to enable further planning.
4 Issues & Gaps in
Present MSWM
Gaps in present system of Solid Waste Management
5 Proposed MSWM
Action plan for Athani
The proposed efficient plan for waste management in
the Town.
6 Proposed Processing
Facility
This provides detailed design for Operations and
working of Compost Plant
7 Land fill Site This provides detailed design for Operations of
Landfill Site
8 Institutional Aspects &
Capacity Building’ &
Public Awareness
The team for solid waste management, the
institutional structure and the capacity building
requirements are presented.
Information Education and Communication is a
significant component of the solid waste management
process of a town. A concept and operational schema
for the public awareness required has been presented
in this chapter.
9 Summary of Financial
Requirements
Detail BOQ, Final Summary for financial requirements
of the proposals is presented in this Chapter
Annexure List if Annexure includes Chemical Analysis Report for
Solid Waste Sample, Sample Description for primary
survey,
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Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
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2 Town Profile
2.1 Background & History
Athani is a town near Gokak in the Belagavi district of Karnataka. Athani taluka is the largest
taluka in the Belagavi district. The taluka is bounded by Sangli district in the north, Vijaypura
district in the east and the Krishna River in the south. Athani is famous for leather chappals.
The main profession here is agriculture, particularly sugarcane, jowar and grapes.
MAP 2-1: GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONAL SETTING OF THE TOWN
2.2 Profile of the town
Athani town is situated at a distance of 140 kms from the town of Belagavi, 70 kms from
Vijaypura, 55 kms from Miraj, 100 kms from Kolhapur, 200 kms from Hubali and 624 kms
from Bangalore. The Krishna River flows 110 kms around the southern part of Athani Taluka
and the town itself is situated 18 kms from the river. Geologically, the area is covered by
Deccan Trap formation. The average annual rainfall is 582 mm. The other river that flows
here is the Agrani River, which also flows through Pandegao, Shirur, Ajur, Sambargi, Nagnur,
Tavanshi and Kalloti.
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2.3 Topography and Climate
Being situated in upper region of Belgavi district which lies in the elevated terrain of north-
western Karnataka, Athani is known for its moderately hot and tropical climate throughout
the year except for the monsoon. Athani receives rainfall from both the northeast and the
southwest monsoons and the wettest months are June–September. Average rainfall in the
town is 582 mm. It has a distinct wet and dry season. December & January are generally
cold as compared to the rest of year. The coldest month is December with an average low
temperature of 25.3°C and the hottest month is May with an average high temperature of
40°C. Winter temperatures rarely drop below 18°C, and summer temperatures seldom
exceed 30-40°C.
FIGURE 2-1 AVERAGE RAINFALL FOR BELAGAVI DISTRICT
FIGURE 2-2 AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR BELAGAVI
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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The general climate is wet with moisture content in rainy season. Mostly the weather is dry
in summer season and dry & cold in winter. The summer temperature ranges between 250C
to 420C, while the winter temperature ranges between 180C to 240C. Since Athani is close to
the branches of the Western Ghats, it enjoys a good rainy season.
2.4 Population of the town
As per Census 2011 population of Athani TMC is 47,842. The population of town was 40,950
in year 2001 and 32,041 in 1991. The last two decade showed considerable growth rate of
28 & 17 percent. The growth rate of the town is varying. There has been a constant increase
in the population since 1951 with varying rates of growth. The trend of population growth is
explained in Table 2-1.
TABLE 2-1: POPULATION OF ATHANI
Year Population Decadal Change
1951 17098
1961 19479 14%
1971 24378 25%
1981 27549 13%
1991 32041 16%
2001 40950 28%
2011 47842 17%
Source: Census 2011
FIGURE 2-3 POPULATION GROWTH RATE OF THE TOWN
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Population Rate of Growth Per Decade
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Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
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FIGURE 2-4 WARD WISE MAP OF THE TOWN
Source: Athani Municipal Council
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
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The town is divided into 23 political wards for the purpose of administration. The ward wise
population as per 2011 census is shown below in Table 2-2.
TABLE 2-2: WARD-WISE POPULATION
Ward Number Population Year 2011 HH for 2011
1 1378 272
2 1331 292
3 2050 379
4 3289 692
5 1463 320
6 1254 242
7 1967 401
8 2037 387
9 1650 334
10 1810 373
11 1469 310
12 1865 398
13 1618 338
14 1615 370
15 5061 1045
16 4690 944
17 1540 326
18 1629 392
19 1772 365
20 1461 303
21 2364 533
22 1864 420
23 681 146
OG 1984 409
Total 47842 9991
Source: Census 2011
2.5 Slum Population
As per the 2011 census data, there are 12 slum settlements in Athani TMC of which 5 are
notified and 7 are non-notified slums, wherein about 2024 families stay.
TABLE 2-3: SLUM SETTLEMENTS
Sr. No. Slum Name Notified No. of Households Population
1 Gollara Galli Yes 68 422
2 Dora Galli Yes 64 893
3 Waddara Galli Yes 45 1094
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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Sr. No. Slum Name Notified No. of Households Population
4 Charmalaya Road Yes 330 2549
5 Harijan Keri Yes 360 1975
6 Alabala Galli No 35 184
7 Mulla Galli No 96 844
8 Nalabanda Galli No 198 943
9 Kalala Galli No 82 664
10 Kurubara Galli No 140 1031
11 Waddara Galli No 470 1848
12 Gullaramaddi No 136 897
Total 2024 13344
TABLE 2-4: SLUM SETTLEMENTS
Particulars No’s.
No. of slum settlements 12
Slum population 13344
Slum households 2024
Source: census 2011
2.6 Population Density
As per census 2011, the population density of the town is 5785 persons per sq km. Most of
the population is concentrated in the core area in the town.
2.7 Floating Population
Total floating population of the town at 5% of the total population is 2757.
2.8 Commercial Area
The old part of the town is mainly commercial area. The Vegetable market, general grocery
shops and main market area is located in the old part of the town.
2.9 Major tourist centres
Sharana Basaveshwara Temple is a shrine at Kalburgi (Gulbarga), an ancient town in the
north-eastern part of Karnataka. The temple is dedicated to an eminent Hindu religious
teacher and philosopher, Shri Sharana Basaveshwara Savadi. The temple houses the
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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Samadhi of Sharana Basaveshwara at the center called the garbhagudi. It has a lake
adjacent to it which attracts many devotees and tourists. A chariot festival, Jatra, is held
every year in honor of Sharana Basaveshwara; it attracts huge crowds.
Venu Gopal Temple (also known as Gopalkrishna Temple) situated on the bank of Krishna
River at Savadi is perhaps the oldest temple in Athani Taluka. In the sanctum sanctorium of
the temple Venu Gopal is the presiding deity. It is a typical Trikuteshwar type temple where
apart from the presiding deity, other two vigrahas on either side of the main sanctum
sanctorium are two impressive Shivlings. According to the archeological study the temple is
about 1000–1200 years old.
The Yallama temple at Kokatnur is visited by many devotees from different parts of North
Karnataka and South Maharashtra every year. This is a famous goddess temple in northern
Karnatak in Belgaum district. There are three famous temples, one is from soudatti, and the
second one chinchalimayakka, and the third one yallamawadi's Renukadevi temple.
Athani is famous for leather chappals, primarily produced by scheduled caste families, which
deserves a special mention because of the valid contribution of few sub groups to the now
famous leather products of Athani. The traders from other part of the country also procure
leather goods from Athani, to market them in their areas. Through the State Trading
Corporation, these leather goods are also exported to many countries where they have
found a sizeable market. The category which has established itself by way of its design and
quality is known as ‘Kolhapuri Chappals’ which has a great demand in local as well as the
export markets. . These goods were exported to foreign countries like Scotland,
Netherlands, England and others.
2.10 Athani Town Municipal Council
The Town Municipal Council Athani was constituted in 1853 and is situated at a distance of
149 kms from Belagavi town. The TMC has 23 wards and an equal number of councilors and
5 numbers of Nominee Councilors. Athani is one of the 74 Karnataka cities in the Karnataka
Municipal Reforms Project.
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
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FIGURE 2-5 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF THE ULB
2.10.1 Administrative Wing
The administrative or executive wing is headed by the Chief Officer, appointed by the state
government. The municipal council is arranged into 23 wards for effective service delivery
and management. The Executive wing is arranged into functional departments that are
responsible for day to day functioning of the council.
2.10.2 Elected Wing
The Elected wing is represented by the General Body (GB) constituted by 23 elected
members and 5 co-opted members. Apart from General body there are committees
constituted from elected representatives including standing committee of elected members.
There committees are formulated to address matters related to Administration / provision
of civic services in most appropriate manner.
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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3 Present System of Solid waste Management
3.1 The Present Scenario of MSWM system in Athani
3.1.1 Actual calculation of Solid Waste Generation
A detailed estimate of the MSW generation has been carried out with a sample survey.
Actual waste generation by each category of waste generators is calculated for consecutive
3 days. Based on the average waste generation by each category total waste generation is
estimated. Sample are selected from each category of waste generators such as households,
commercial shops, worship, institutions, markets, meat/chicken shops, hotels and
restaurants and Street Sweeping. The following table shows number of sources and the
average waste generated in each source based on the waste estimation.
TABLE 3-1: WASTE GENERATION ESTIMATION
S. N. Waste Generators No of Generators
Avg. waste / day in Kg
Total waste(Kg)
Total ( Tonnes)
1 Household 8676 0.8 6764.56 6.76
2 Slums 2024 0.7 1486.5 1.49
3 Veg. Markets 2 909 1818 1.82
4 Petty Shops 435 0.9 391.5 0.4
5 Institutions 15 9.1 136.5 0.14
6 Hotels 65 10.4 676 0.68
7 Meat/Chicken shops 11 36.1 397 0.4
8 Street Sweeping
Type A 9.51
1.00 Type B 19.91
Type C 33.74
Type D 0.23
9 Construction and Drainage 2.4
10 Floating Population 2757 0.75 2041.6 2.04
Total 17.13
3.1.2 Normative Waste generation
The major sources of generating waste in Athani are households, commercial
establishments, educational institutions, markets, hotels and street sweeping operations. To
arrive at number of waste generators in the town, data like ward wise population, slum and
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
29
non slum households and street lengths of all type of roads were obtained from secondary
sources. Households are taken from the census, street length from the TMC.
TABLE 3-2: WARD WISE WASTE GENERATION
Ward
Number
No of HH projected
for yr 2017
Population Projected for
Year 2017
Waste Generation in MT (Yr
2017 @350 gm/capita/day)
1 311 1489 0.52
2 300 1439 0.50
3 463 2216 0.78
4 742 3555 1.24
5 330 1581 0.55
6 283 1355 0.47
7 444 2126 0.74
8 460 2202 0.77
9 372 1783 0.62
10 409 1956 0.68
11 332 1588 0.56
12 421 2016 0.71
13 365 1749 0.61
14 365 1746 0.61
15 1142 5470 1.91
16 1059 5069 1.77
17 348 1664 0.58
18 368 1761 0.62
19 400 1915 0.67
20 330 1579 0.55
21 534 2555 0.89
22 421 2015 0.71
23 154 736 0.26
OG 448 2144 0.75
Total 10798 51708 18.10
3.2 Population Projection
For the Proposed Detailed Project Report, it is necessary that future population growth and
their requirements are estimated to understand the gaps and shortfall in meeting various
requirements.
The planning horizon of 5 years (till 2022) has been considered and population projections
have been made till 2042. Three methods; Arithmetic Method, Incremental method and
Geometric Progression method have been used to project the population for Athani and the
projected figures are given below.
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
30
The history of Athani indicates moderate population growth trends in the past but declined
during the last decade. In absence of any major commercial or industrial developments, it is
assumed that the declining growth trends may continue in future and stabilize with the
district average. Incremental Increase gives a negative trend due to negative growth
recorded during 2001-2011. Geometric method gives a prolonged period of high growth
rate in the future years. Hence an average of three methods is considered.
The Population projection is presented below in Table 3-3. It is expected that total
population of the town will be 58791 in the year 2027 and population will be 71089 in the
year 2042.
TABLE 3-3: POPULATION PROJECTIONS
Projected Population
for year
Arithmetic Incremental
Method
Geometric Average of three
2011 47842 47842 47842 47842
2017 50,917 51,349 52,858 51708
2022 53480 54520 57438 55146
2032 58606 61536 67822 62654
2044 63731 69453 80083 71089
Source: Analysis AIILSG
FIGURE 3-1 POPULATION PROJECTION FOR THE ULB
Source: Analysis AIILSG
3.3 Waste Generation Projection
In the present year 2017 estimated population of the Athani town is 51,708. Considering the
Solid Waste generation at the rate of 350 gm per capita per day the total waste generated is
30,000
50,000
70,000
90,000
2011 2022 2032 2042
Arithematic Incremental Method
Geometric Average of Geometric and Incremental
Adopted Method
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18.10 MT / day. The normative waste generation is at higher side and it is considered for
future projections.
TABLE 3-4 WASTE GENERATION IN ATHANI
Year Projected
Population
Solid Waste Generated in Tons/Day
Total Solid
Waste TPD
Biodegradable
(50%) TPD
Recyclable
(30%) TPD Inert (20%) TPD
2017 51708 18.10 9.05 5.43 3.62
2022 55146 19.30 9.65 5.79 3.86
2027 58791 20.58 10.29 6.17 4.12
2032 62654 21.93 10.96 6.58 4.39
2037 66749 23.36 11.68 7.01 4.67
2042 71089 24.88 12.44 7.46 4.98
SOURCE: AIILSG Analysis
3.4 Waste Collection
3.4.1 Primary Waste Collection
Door to Door Primary Collection of waste started by ULB in all 23 Wards Primary Collection
is being done in 2 shifts to improve the collection efficiency with available vehicles. Some of
the drivers & assistants required on Primary Collection Vehicles are permanent and some
are outsourced. Door to door primary collection of waste is in practice from 7094
households in the town with help municipal vehicles. Auto tippers, Mini truck vehicles and
pushcarts are deployed for the door to door collection purpose. To get maximum primary
collection efficiency, door to door collection is being done. Some drivers and assistants
required on these vehicles are permanent and few are outsourced.
TABLE 3-5: DETAILS OF PRIMARY COLLECTION
Sr. No
Type of Vehicle.
Vehicle No Year of Procurement
Used For Area Covered
1 Tractor Trolley
KA-23 A-1526
2003-2004
Cleaning of Bins in the town and dumping the waste to the Dumping Ground
Daily one round to the Dumping Ground Moring 5 to 10 am Afternoon 2 to 5 Pm
2 Tractor Placer
KA-23 A-1519
2008-2009
Collecting and transporting container bins to the Dumping Ground
Daily two rounds to the Dumping Ground Moring 5 to 10 am Afternoon 2 to 5 Pm
3 Hydraulic Auto
KA-23 A-5976,
2011-2012 Door To Door Collection of Waste
Residential areas not accessible by Tractor
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Sr. No
Type of Vehicle.
Vehicle No Year of Procurement
Used For Area Covered
Tipper KA-23 A-5979
4 Sucking Machine
KA-23 A-3031
2011-2012 Septic Tank waste removal -
5 407 6 Wheeler
KA-23 A-6410
2011-2012 Collection and transport of Plastic bins.
Daily two rounds to the Dumping Ground Moring 5 to 10 am Afternoon 2 to 5 Pm
Source – Athani Town Municipal Council 2016
The existing routes of the vehicles are actually marked on the field and maps are provided in
the annexure.
3.4.2 Commercial areas and Markets
The town has a central market area and it is estimated to generate 1.8 ton of waste daily.
The Shops and other commercial establishments are estimated to generate about 1-1.5 ton
of waste daily.
3.4.3 Hospital and Nursing home wastes
Bio medical waste generated by Hospitals and clinics is separately collected by a bio Medical
Waste Collection Agency from Belagavi. It caters to all the healthcare establishments (13) of
the town and independently handles the process of collection, transportation, treatment
and disposal of healthcare waste from medical establishments.
3.4.4 Hotels and Restaurants Waste
In Athani town there are about 65 restaurants and hotels, some with lodging facilities. Most
of the hotels and restaurants are located in the main town. The quantity of waste generated
is about 0.7 TPD and is collected through the door to door collection system.
3.4.5 Construction Waste
Construction and demolition wastes are heavy, having high density often bulky and occupy
considerable storage space either on the road or communal waste bin/container.
Construction debris is also collected and dumped at the current dumping site. It is estimated
that about 2-2.5 ton of construction debris is generated daily
3.4.6 Slaughterhouse Waste
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At present there is no separate functional Slaughterhouse in the town. Small scale
Slaughtering activity is undertaken by Chicken Mutton Shops in their private premises. There
is about 0.5 TPD of waste generation from these sources in the TMC currently. At present,
there is no separate facility available for treatment and disposal of Slaughterhouse waste.
3.5 Street Sweeping
The total area of the Town is 8.27 sq. Km and total road length 63.39 kms. The street
sweeping work is carried out from 6.00 AM to 12.00 PM in the morning hours. The shift
could extend till 1 PM in case of excess waste or inefficient operation of sweepers. Street
sweeping happens usually in single shift unless there is a lot of waste generated in a day or
there are special occasions in the town. The garbage along with construction waste and
drain silt after seeping is transported to dumping site with the help of tractor trailer.
At present the Town roads is divided into different types of categories such as Type A road,
Type B road and Type C road. It is proposed that all the roads of the Town need to divided
into 3 types. The schedule of Street sweeping and the road length covered is as given below:
Sr. No Type of Road Length of road Frequency of Sweeping
1. Type ‘A’ 9.51 Everyday
2. Type ‘B’ 19.91 Two or three times a week
3. Type ‘C’ 33.74 Once a week
4. Type ‘D’ 0.23 Occasionally
Total 63.39
3.6 Tools Used
Significant amount of waste is disposed on the streets. Most of the main streets consist of
waste materials like plastic covers, paper waste etc. The Sweeping staffs are provided long
hand brooms, metal plates and wheel barrows. The street sweeping staffs are provided
with, gloves, masks, sweeping carts, gum boots and metal trays. None of the workers wear
jackets or mask to cover themselves from dust while sweeping. Sweepers use their hands
and brooms sometimes to collect waste from waste heaps and put into plastic bags.
3.7 Transportation of wastes
Transportation of the solid waste generated in the town is being managed by TMC. Primary
transportation refers to transporting of waste generated from waste generators to the
waste storage container bins. Primary transportation of waste is practiced presently in
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Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
34
Athani. Secondary transportation refers to collection of waste from intermediate storage
points like dumper bins and open points to disposal unit. TMC is presently managing the
secondary transportation with its vehicles. Tractor Placer and Tractor trailers are used as
secondary transportation vehicles.
TABLE 3-6 MSW TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES AND QUANTIFICATION OF MSW
Type of Vehicles Number Average qty. of waste / vehicle in TPD
No. of trips/ day
Total qty. of waste transported to landfill site in TPD
Auto tippers / Mini tippers
2 0.75 2 3
Tractor trailers 2 1.5 2 6
Tipper trucks 1 1.5 2 3
Dumper placers - -
Compactors - -
Qty. of waste unlifted -
Total 12 Source: Athani Municipal Council
PICTURE 3-1: TRANSPORTATION OF MSW
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
35
Collectively the Athani Municipal Council transports 12 TPD of Municipal Solid Waste. The
solid waste dumping site located 7 km away from the Municipal Council office of Athani at
Survey No. 452, Chamakeri Maddi.
3.8 Processing and disposal of wastes
TMC had bought site for Solid Waste disposing near Chamakeri Maddi to the south of the
town. The landfill is located at a distance of about 7 kms from the town center. The total
area of the landfill site is about 13.6 Acres. The landfill site is completely fenced. There is
facility for a watchman’s room. TMC has not deployed any trip entry recorders for the trips
of each vehicle on all days. The disposal site is provided with a 24-hour watchman. The
landfill site does not have weighing bridge. The waste brought to the depot by tractors is
dumped inside and backhoe loader is deployed from time to time form heaps of the wastes.
The waste heaps are not covered with inert material.
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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36
FIGURE 3-2 CONTOUR MAP FOR SWM SITE ATHANI
3.8.1 Approach Road & Internal Road
There is a tar road connecting the town to the landfill site. The internal main road and other
roads within is tar road.
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37
3.8.2 Compound wall & Watchman Shed:
Athani Landfill site has a compound wall present along most of its perimeter. Watchman
shed has been constructed and is in use presently.
3.8.3 Bore well and Water Tank
3 bore wells are drilled in addition to a water tank at the landfill site to fulfill the water
requirement in landfill site.
3.8.4 Platform:
A RCC Windrow Platform has been constructed.
3.9 Segregation of recyclables wastes
There is no systematic mechanism of Segregation of recyclable waste in Athani. The
preliminary level of sorting and recycling happens at the household level. After that the
waste collected is mixed waste, and the same is send to the dumping site.
Athani has recently started a vermicomposting plant of capacity 2 TPD at the landfill site,
and this would require segregation of the waste.
PICTURE 3-2: VERMICOMPOSTING SHEDS
Rag pickers collect the recyclables from the waste heaps dumped by the waste carrying
vehicles. The rag pickers also collect the recyclables like plastics and metals from the
container bins and open points of the town. As per the town officials estimates there are
about six waste pickers working in the area.
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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38
Presently there is no mechanism of collection, transportation or processing of the bio
degradable and non bio degradable waste separately in Athani.
3.10 Staff involved in SWM
Following are the number of staff involved in the management of Solid Waste.
TABLE 3-10 MAN POWER EMPLOYED FOR SOLID WASTE
Sr.No Position Permanent basis
1 Sanitary Inspector 1
2 Mukadam 2
3 Total no. of Subordinate staff including sweepers etc 50
Total 53
SOURCE: ATHANI Municipal Council
3.11 Municipal Solid Waste Composition
3.11.1 Physical Composition of MSW
The composition of the waste becomes crucial to decide an efficient SWM system. To
understand the waste character disposed in the land fill in Athani, An analysis of the
composition of the fresh waste was conducted for 2 days. 4 samples were selected and
analyzed for 2 consecutive days by using the quartering technique.
About 40 kg of fresh waste was selected randomly by the waste carrying vehicles for
conducting the quartering technique. About 10 kg of waste from the selected 40 kg of waste
was selected for conducting waste composition analysis. The selected 10 kg sample was
segregated with the help of rag pickers and each segregated material is weighed.
The analysis shows an organic content in the waste of 40.9 %, 20.4 % recyclable materials,
30.4% of silt and stones and miscellaneous items of 10%. The quantity of silt and stone is
high because of collection of waste from roads while sweeping.
The particulars of waste composition and analysis conducted are presented below based on
the analysis conducted at the landfill. The table below gives the average waste composition
of selected samples.
TABLE 3-7 PHYSICAL COMPOSITION OF WASTE IN PERCENTAGE
Sr. No Particulars Day 1 In %
Day 2 In %
Average In %
1 Plastic Material 9.3 7.8 8.55
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
39
Sr. No Particulars Day 1 In %
Day 2 In %
Average In %
2 Paper 8.1 7.6 7.85
3 Cloth pieces 7.9 8.7 8.3
4 Organic Waste 39.3 42.5 40.9
5 Glass Pieces 0.9 0.6 0.75
6 Wood Pieces 2.7 2.8 2.75
7 Metal Pieces 0.5 0.6 0.55
8 Silt, Stone, & Moisture 31.3 29.5 30.4
9 E-waste Negligible
Total 100 100 100
SOURCE: ANALYSIS BY AIILSG
FIGURE 3-3PHYSICAL COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
3.11.2 Chemical Composition of MSW
The chemical composition of waste is conducted. The results of the findings are as below.
Date of Sampling – 09/12/15
Type of Sample – Municipal Solid Waste
Sample received on date- 10/12/15
Analysis Date- 10/12/15 to 11/12/15
Reporting date- 12/12/15
Sample Location - TMC Athani, Karnataka
TABLE 3-8 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WASTE
No. Parameters Results Unit
1 Moisture Content 19.64 %
2 pH of 10% Solution 8.27 -
3 Total Nitrogen (N) 0.37 %
4 Total Phosphates (P2O5) 0.24 %
Plastic Material8.55%
Paper7.85%
Cloth pieces8.3%
Organic Waste40.9%
Glass Pieces0.75%
Wood Pieces 2.75%
Metal Pieces0.55%
Silt, Stone, & Moisture
30.4%
Physical Composition of Municipal Solid Waste
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
40
No. Parameters Results Unit
5 Potash (K2O) 1.97 %
6 Organic Carbon 28.10 %
7 Carbon: Nitrogen Ratio (C : N) 197 : 1 -
8 Gross Calorific Value in Cal/gm 1019 Cal/gm
3.12 Segregation of recyclables wastes
There is no systematic mechanism of Segregation of recyclable waste in Athani. Segregation of
waste is not practiced at generator level or at disposal. The waste generators like
households, commercial establishments and other institutions usually dump recyclable and
non recyclable waste together in open points or in container bins located nearby. Very few
of the commercial establishments like hotels practice the segregation of waste by storing
food waste separately which is given to animal husbandry units. Presently there is no
mechanism of separate collection, transportation or processing of the bio degradable and
non bio degradable waste in Athani.
3.13 Present expenditure on Solid Waste Management
Following table explains the existing expenditure and revenue generation regarding the
Solid Waste Management at Athani Municipal Council.
i. Expenditure details
S. No. Activities Expenditure / year (Lakhs)
1 Salary of permanent PKs 56.60
2 Wages for outsource PKs+drivers 61.15
3 Vehicle running and Maintenance cost 36.69
4 Consumable etc.
5 Total 154.44
ii. Revenue details
S. No. Particulars Amount (lakhs)
1 % of Property tax reserved towards SWM and cleaning activities 20.63
2 SWM Cess 19.1
3 Sale of compost, recyclables, RDF etc 19.56
4 Components of Town planning Fee, advertisement tax, birth / death certificate fee etc towards SWM and cleaning activities
-
5 Fines and fees available for SWM and cleaning activities -
6 Others
Total 59.31
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
41
4 Issues and Gaps in the present
Management System of MSW
4.1 Gaps and issues in Athani
The analysis of the preliminary information collected of Athani town, highlights certain good
measures and systems adopted by the town and certain areas that require improvement
and infrastructure development.
Door to door waste collection is undertaken in 66.3% of the town. Street sweeping and
drain cleaning are also done frequently. The town has made provision for adequate landfill
site and has constructed a vermicomposting facility.
The preliminary issues and gaps identified are:
As people do not practice segregation of waste at source, there is need for
awareness generation.
Although door to door collection is 66.3%, people also tend to throw the waste on
open ground, which is why the council has provided bins along the streets. Despite
this, there are some points in the town having open dumping.
Currently all the waste collected is only partially processed at the landfill site without
prior segregation, leading to the remaining waste lying there as it is.
There is lack of personnel operating at the processing facility.
The current collection and transportation system is not optimized.
The entire solid waste management system has to be gradually up scaled to meet
the future needs of the town. The system has to be planned for the increased quanta
of waste which have to be handled properly.
The Landfill site has to be retro-fitted to become a sanitary landfill site. The
procedures for its operation and maintenance have to be prepared and
operationalized.
The financial management plans for the Solid waste management system have to be
reviewed and improved to assist in revenue generation and creating a sustainable
and self sufficient system.
Training for the staff in the solid waste management department to improve
efficiency and safety standards may be required.
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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42
5 Potential Strategies suggested for MSWM
5.1 Overall Concept of waste management proposed
The mechanism of solid waste management system in Athani requires a reorganized model
to meet the requirements of the MSW rules 2016. The major effort required in this regard is
towards the procedural improvements of the waste segregation at source, transportation
and disposal. TMC at present is collecting 66.3% of waste generated, but public awareness
on the solid waste management is lacking. The strategies are suggested in the following four
areas:
Public awareness: Waste generation is increasing in urban areas as the use of packaged
consumer goods is increasing. The impacts of inefficient solid waste management are
directly related to public health. It is thus very essential that the citizens of the town be
equal partners with the town administration to reduce the problem of waste. Public
participation is thus the cornerstone in a successful solid waste management plan. Public
participation is essential in the following activities.
1. Reduce, Reuse & Recycling (R R R) of waste.
2. Not to throw the waste/litter on the streets drains, open spaces, water bodies, etc.
3. Storage of organic/bio-degradable and recyclable waste separately at source.
4. Primary collection of waste
5. Community storage/collection of waste in flats, slums, societies, commercial complexes,
etc and other waste source generators.
6. Pay adequately for the services provided.
Generating public awareness on these issues and garnering public participation for an
effective solid waste management in the town requires a sustained approach and efforts by
the administration and the elected representatives.
Collection of waste: Collection from all the waste generators has to be at door step in each
of the existing 23 wards. This would include residential, commercial and institutional
facilities.
Door to door collection of waste will reduce the burden of secondary collection system due
to reduced number of open points. The MSW from markets and other common places
would be collected through sweeping teams. The waste collected from door to door system
and by the sweeping teams deployed for market areas and other public spaces will be
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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43
disposed in the landfill. Roads sweeping and drain cleaning would be a separate waste flow
from collection to disposal.
Collection of segregated municipal waste from the source of its generation is an essential step in solid waste management. Inefficient waste collection service has an impact on public health and aesthetics of towns and cities. Collection of wet and dry waste separately enhances the potential of cost effective treatment of such wastes and of deriving optimum advantage from the recyclable material fed into the system. 2 differently coloured bins, 10-15 litres each per household are recommended to promote and ensure segregation: • Covered Green Bin: Wet waste • Covered Blue Bin: Dry Waste
Waste Collection bins at optimum
distance(between 25-250
meters)should be placed at public
places to avoid littering
On site composting of yard waste/
green waste could also be promoted
The proposed concept requires establishing primary waste collection and transportation
system. This would result in reduced burden of solid waste management on secondary
transportation and will reduce the number of open points in the town. Resource recovery is
a significant component of the new proposal. Dry waste collection centre would be set up as
per design requirements. It is also proposed to integrate the informal and recycling sector
involving rag pickers and kabadiwalas prevalent in Athani into the formal system by
recognizing their work and by providing required support services.
Role of the Informal Sector in Primary Waste Collection
The involvement of the informal sector is also to be examined and integrated into the waste
management system of the town. The informal sector in any town comprises of two systems i.e. the
kabadi system or the rag pickers.
The informal “kabadi system” network forms an important link in the overall waste recycling system
prevalent in the country. They can be compared to micro-entrepreneurs who buy reusable and
recyclable material like newspapers, metal, glass, cardboards, plastics, etc. from households or
commercial areas. Citizens should be encouraged to continue the practice of selling recyclable
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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44
wastes to the “kabadi system”, as they constitute the first link in the waste recycling system.
Rag pickers are also an important part of the informal recycling system and are instrumental in
recovering discarded recyclables in disposed municipal waste that have not been bought by the
kabadi system. In an ideal system, rag pickers should be integrated into the system by training and
employing them for door-to-door collection of waste by the RWA’s, NGOs, CBOs and the like. The
rag pickers who work as waste collectors should be allowed to collect recyclables separately
alongside wet and dry fractions.
Rag pickers may also be encouraged to form cooperatives, through the involvement of local
NGOs/Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and may be allowed to collect recyclables from households. Such
initiatives will not only ensure a higher level of income to rag pickers, but will also ensure hygienic
conditions for rag pickers and environmentally safe waste recycling practices. Also, a lot of rag
pickers are usually harassed by the police, property owners, and shop keepers in the vicinity. Many
of them have to justify their work to various people and are condemned by society. Many of them
are in fact women, who have to live with the insecurity of harassment and threat to their livelihood.
Organizing them into cooperatives tend to protect their rights thereby retaining their dignity of
labour, work, their right to livelihood and right to access recyclables.
ULBs should make concerted efforts to integrate the informal sector of rag pickers into regular waste
collection operations through the private sector, NGOs, RWAs etc
Transportation of waste:
The transportation of the waste will be classified into primary and secondary transportation.
The primary transportation vehicles will be auto tippers, push carts and 4 wheeled
vehicles involved in door to door collection. These primary transportation vehicles
will collect the waste from the generators on a daily basis and dispose the waste at
disposal point.
The segregated wet waste would be directly transferred by twin compartment Auto
tipper to processing facility on landfill site. The waste collection in slum areas will be
done by push carts. The waste from the pushcarts shall be deposited in to the auto
tipper assigned in the respective zones.
The secondary transportation of waste from road sweeping and drainage cleaning
will be done by tractor trailers. Tractor trailers will be used to transport drainage
waste and construction and demolition debris.
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
45
Street sweeping and drain cleaning waste is to be collected in separate bins and transported directly to the sanitary landfill facility
Both manual and mechanical street cleaning are suggested. However manual street cleaning is preferred in narrow, congested streets and in streets where the road carpeting is damaged.
Skip Trucks are recommended for transportation of large quantities of C&D and inert waste
The manual streets cleaning are suggested. However manual street cleaning is preferred in narrow, congested streets and in streets where the road carpeting is damaged.
Truck/tractor mounted with pressure water jetting and suction machine
In order to ensure that sweepers do not dispose
waste into drains, same staff that is responsible for
cleaning street should be made responsible for
cleaning adjacent drains as well.
Silt removed from surfaced rains and stored on the
shore of the drain should be collected as soon as
possible and transported directly to the landfill
Disposal of Waste:
The final disposal of the waste has to be through a sanitary landfill site, after removal of the
recyclable and biodegradable waste. This need to be processed separately and only inert
and non biodegradable waste should be taken to the landfill site. The handling of waste and
the landfill site has to be scientific to avoid accidents.
5.2 Proposed Waste Flow Processes
The municipal wastes generated in the town will be collected using the following different
types of collection systems as follows -
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46
FIGURE 5-1PROPOSED WASTE FLOWCHART FOR ATHANI
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
47
47
5.3 Storage of waste at Source
No waste should be thrown on the streets, footpaths, open spaces, drains or water bodies,
nallas etc. Waste should be stored at source of waste generation in three bins/ bags, one for
food waste/ bio-degradable waste, another for recyclable waste such as papers, plastic,
metal, glass, rags etc, and the third one for wastes such as batteries , containers for
chemical plastics pesticides, discarded medicines and other toxic or hazardous household
waste, if such waste is generated in high quantities at the household level.
5.4 Segregation of Waste at Source
The TMC has a need to conduct IEC campaigns to achieve waste segregation at source. The
local body may draw up a program of conducting awareness campaign in various wards of
the town utilizing the ward committees, local NGO’s and resident welfare association.
Detailed IEC programme is provided in Chapter 8. The waste segregated at source is a
resource itself.
[Recent Source segregation Promotional activity carried out by Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagaran Palike]
5.5 Door to Door Collection and routing plan
Collection of municipal wastes from Households and commercial establishments like
provision stores and institutions like colleges, temples, theatres, malls etc would be part of
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
48
door to door collection system. The primary transportation vehicles like push carts, auto
tippers will be used for door to door collection. The deployed door to door collection
vehicles would visit each and every waste generator in the deployed area. The collected
waste will be disposed by these vehicles directly to the Landfill site.
The collected waste will be disposed by these vehicles into the landfill site directly. There is
no provision of Secondary Storage proposed. The containers bins used for secondary
storage are not viable for efficient SWM system.
Door to door collection of waste would be introduced for collection of waste from
residential and commercial waste generators in Athani. Athani TMC would be responsible
for conducting door to door collection operations in the allotted packages. The service
provider shall provide the man power, vehicles and equipments required for the door to
door collection mechanism.
The residents and other waste generators are expected to store the waste and hand over
the waste to the door to door waste collection staff. TMC should insist the waste generators
to dispose the waste only through door to door step mechanism and avoid throwing the
waste into open points and drainages. The door to door waste collection staff would collect
the waste each and every day including national holidays and Sundays.
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
49
TMC should make it mandatory to waste generator that waste need to be segregated at
source. Also it has been advised to procure 2 Plastic bins at waste generator, so that waste
can be stored separately. The segregated dry waste and wet waste will be collected by twin
compartment Auto- Tipper. Auto Tipper will carry this waste to Dry Waste collection centers
to deposit dry waste separately and only wet waste will be carried to Landfill site for further
processing and disposal. The dry waste or Recyclable material can be collected at regular
intervals as may be convenient to the waste producer and the TMC.
The door to door collection operations will be done using a combination of auto tippers,
push carts. The numbers of each type of vehicles required for door to door collection have
been calculated in the estimates for each individual package.
One auto tipper is suggested for 1400 HH (Assuming daily two trips to the landfill
site) for individual Door to Door collection.
One Push Cart is suggested for 200 HH in congested and slum areas.
Optimized Route Micro-plan for Auto tippers –
TABLE 5-1 MICRO-PLAN FOR AUTOTIPPERS
Athani TMC
Microplanning of Door to Door Collection
Ve
hic
le
No
.
Trip
s
War
d N
o.
Ro
ute
Zo
nes
No
. of
HH
(2
01
7)
Star
t
Po
int
Are
a C
ove
red
End
Po
int
Auto tipper
1
1 15,14
Zone 8
736 TMC Gasti plot,Rani channama circle,Kendra shala,Hippargi galli,Kurbar galli.
Landfill Site
2 15 Zone 9
679 TMC Bus stand road,Shankar Nagar,Jamkhandi road,CSR kittur high school, SMS college,LIC office,Sangameshwar nagar,Jamkhandi road,Vidyavartak school,Bus stand.
Landfill Site
Auto tipper
2
1 5,7 Zone 3
721 TMC Bajantri galli, Ashray colony,Urdu School,Sharmalaya road,Shrungar Bhatti,Gausiddha maddi,Gausiddha maddi mandir,Sharmalaya road,Madar galli.
Landfill Site
2 3,6 Zone 4
951 TMC Sangal galli,SMR ITI,Bangantri galli,Bijapur galli,Vadar galli,Gausiddha maddi raod,Bangantri galli.
Landfill Site
Auto tipper
1 4 Zone 2
692 TMC Bijapur Road,Gausiddha maddi,Gausiddha maddi mandir,APMC.
Landfill Site
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50
Athani TMC
3 2 13,12
Zone 7
800 TMC Hppargi galli,Godgindi galli,Patait galli,Pattar galli,Budhwar peth,Patait galli(Budhwar peth road),Hanuman mandir road.
Landfill Site
Auto tipper
4
1 8,9 Zone 5
1194 TMC Ambedkar Nagar,Siddharth Nagar,Urdu school,Bus stand road,CSR kittur high school,Jamkhandi road,SMS college,Sai nagar,Bus stand.
Landfill Site
2 10,11
Zone 6
683 TMC Budhawar Peth Road,Modgi math,Gajji galli,Budhawar Peth Road,Modgi math,Gajji galli,Garkin math,Bukhad road,Market road.
Landfill Site
Auto tipper
5
1 1,2 Zone 1
564 TMC Modgi math,Bukhad galli,Gajji galli,Garkin math,Siddheshwar road,Shadi mahal,Siddheshwar Nagar.
Landfill Site
2 16,17,18
Zone 11
860 TMC KEB,Police station,Kendra shala,Apradh galli,Joshi galli,Kumbhar bhavi galli,Patait galli.
Landfill Site
Auto tipper
6
1 19,20,23
Zone 12
1065 TMC Shantinagar,Vikrampur badavne,GYM,Hari mandir,,College,IB road,Miraj road,Shivaji road,Miraj road,Basweshwar ganpati circle mandir,BSNL Office,Huggar galli,Adsar galli,Akbal galli,Hanuman mandir road,Tase galli,Maratha galli,Jat road.
Landfill Site
Auto tipper
7
1 16 Zone 10
802 TMC Hospital,Shantinagar,Bus stand road,Vikrampur,College,IB road.
Landfill Site
Auto tipper
8
1 21,22
Zone 13
953 TMC TMC,IB Road,GYM,Vikrampur badavne,Shantinagar,Niravari ilake office,Hari mandir,Vidyanagar,IB road,Maratha galli,Miraj road,Basweshwar ganpati circle mandir,BSNL Office,Jat road.
Landfill Site
5.5.1 Streets sweeping
Conducting street sweeping operations, cleaning and removal of waste from public places,
office areas, administrative areas, markets, parks and other general places are considered
for collection of waste using sweeping mechanism. The street sweeping staff would clean
these areas regularly considering the quantity of waste generated in these generators. The
requirement of Push Carts and tractor trailer for the street sweeping are explained in
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
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Chapter 9. The sweepers should be compulsorily given safety equipments. The table below
gives the details of the safety equipments to be given to sweepers.
TABLE 5-2: DETAILS OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS
S.N Safety
equipment Safety against Specifications Picture
1 Face mask Protect against dust/
infection Standard surgical mask
2 Full arm
Uniform Protection against dust Factory wear uniforms
3 Safety
shoes
Minor wounds while
sweeping
PVC make, water proof
shoes
4 Hand gloves Protection against
infection
Standard toilet cleaning
gloves
5 Eye glasses Protection against dust Transparent factory
wear
6 Head cover Protection against dust Standard surgical wear
5.5.2 Targeted Waste Collection of Veg etable Market and Hotels
The Bulk Waste generators which generate more waste will be cleaned daily. Separate Auto
Tippers required to be deployed for waste collection from Vegetable Market, Kalyan
Mandap and Hotels.
Type of Vehicles Proposed (DPR) Existing nos. Nos. to be procured
Push carts 6 bin 33 0 33
Auto tippers 8 6 2
Tractor trailers 4 4 0
5.6 Slaughterhouse Waste
The ULB should collect all the slaughterhouse waste directly from the Generators and
disposed to the processing site in the windrows for aerobic composting. An alternative
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method which can be used is that the Ulb shall treat the slaughter waste in RCC compost
pits of adequate size using bioculture. Good quality manure is produced in 6-8 weeks.
Leachate from the slaughter waste compost pit is collected and treated in a RCC tank and
the treated leachate may be used for spraying on windrows.
5.7 Biomedical Waste
Currently, the hospital and nursing home waste collection, transportation & disposal is done
by a biomedical waste collection agency. It is proposed that this system should be continued
in the future as well.
5.8 Dry Waste and E-waste Collection Centre
Dry waste collection centers are the decentralized units dedicated for collection of in
organic/ dry waste in the urban cities. The TMC can generate revenue by conducting this
operation.
The dry waste collection centers would function as a social enterprise. The collection
centers would buy the recoverable from the waste generators and sell it to the whole sale
scrap dealers. The additional monetary benefits would be used for O & M of the facility.
The TMC should insist on the private parties that the dry waste collection centers should be
set up and operated.
It is suggested that 1 dry waste collection centers (DWCC) need to be installed at Chamakeri.
The TMC should construct a second DWCC as soon as adequate land becomes available in
the town. Segregation of garbage into wet and dry waste is a simple and easy to identify.
However, segregating dry waste is more challenging.
Dry waste includes materials such as paper, plastic, glass, wire, cloth, leather, wire,
thermocol, metal, wood, rubber, rexine and fabric.
Households will need to encourage separately store dry waste at their premises. The TMC
would collect dry waste from their homes. Once a week, collection vehicle will separately
collect dry waste from homes, which will then be taken to Dry Waste Collection Centers
(DWCCs). Citizens on their own could also take their dry waste directly to DWCCs. This waste
will be segregated into different types of dry waste and then sold to recyclers.
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However, this will only works if the dry waste is free of any wet or food waste. People will
have to separately store the dry waste in their homes and if it is mixed with wet waste it will
only cause problems to them. The Pourkarmikas will not collect mixed waste from the
citizens and dry waste will be collected in the twin compartment tipper.
Set up Dry Waste Collection Centre (DWCC)
Reduction of waste is also possible by setting up purchase / processing centers for dry
waste, like plastics, paper, etc.
Dry waste–shall be stored and delivered to the dry waste collection vehicle which shall be
provided by TMC or to the licensed DWCC set up on municipal / Government / private lands
NGO’s, RWA’s, SHGs, collectives.
SHG’s/Waste pickers need to be identified and encouraged to come forward to maintain the
DWCC. Such centres would ensure that the recyclable material is sold through properly
created channels to ensure that the recycled goods are not misused. According to dry waste
the DWCC shall pay the Pourkarmikas/Waste-pickers or any individual who bring the waste
to the centres as notified by TMC from time to time, this will encourage the public to
segregate the waste at source. A plastic bailing unit and weighing machine should be
present at the DWCC.
Waste managers at DWCC shall perform secondary and tertiary sorting of the waste, DWCC
before finally selling it to recycling centre’s. Collecting in bulk provides these informal sector
workers with larger returns, and creates more jobs. They aim to keep as much waste out of
the landfills/ waste dumps as possible and to help make waste useful and profitable. In the
process they also educate people about the importance of segregation, and provide safe
and hygienic work conditions to waste management workers.
These DWCC will further segregate the dry waste collected and sell them to a chain of scrap
dealers. The plastic waste is reused/ recycled for manufacturing various products.
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For Collection of E – Waste – E-waste should be collected and transported to the DWCCs
which shall have separate containers for this waste. As per the guidelines of hazardous
waste management division of Central Pollution Control Board, there is a need to encourage
recycling of all useful and valuable material from e-waste so as to conserve the ever
depleting natural resources.
5.9 Construction and Demolition waste
Construction and demolition waste has been defined as ‘waste which arises from
construction, renovation and demolition activities. Also included within the definition are
surplus and damaged products and materials arising in the course of construction work or
used temporarily during the course of on-site activities’. The various streams of wastes to be
considered will include; Excavated materials, Concrete, Tiles, brick, ceramics, asphalt
Concrete, Plaster, Glass, Metal and steel, Plastics, Wood, asphalt, and Concrete rubbles, etc.
It is mandatory that every waste generator shall keep the construction and demolition
waste within the premise or get the waste deposited at collection centre so made by the
local body or handover it to the authorized processing facilities of construction and
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demolition waste; and ensure that there is no littering or deposition of construction and
demolition waste so as to prevent obstruction to the traffic or the public or drains. Town
Municipal council should dump all C & D waste into designated areas, which has been
identified at Chamakeri.
5.10 Zero Waste Management
It is proposed that the ULB should begin zero waste practices in 2 wards during the DPR time
frame, and this area should be widened and broadened in a phase-wise manner in the
coming years. The process to achieve the same is explained in the following flow chart.
By definition, zero waste management begins at source, namely by segregating waste
generated into three main categories. These categories are broadly as follows –
1. Wet Waste
2. Dry Waste
3. Inert Waste
Segregated waste will be collected at source in the designated zero waste ward. The wet
waste will be composted using aerobic composting or vermicomposting as prime methods
or will be deposited in a biogas plant within the ward. The byproducts (compost and/or
biogas) produced after processing of the wet waste will be used for gardening and
plantations within the same wards. Biogas/biomethanation plants of small scale (500kg)
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shall be sufficient for each ward. The dry waste produced within the same designated
ward(s) shall be collected by dedicated rag pickers and shall be bailed or sold to scrap
dealers. 2-3 rag pickers are proposed at each ward level for this purpose. Plastic and tetra
packs shall be bailed and the remainder along with metal and paper shall be sold as
recyclables. The quotations provided by a few scrap dealers are attached in the annexure for
further reference. The inert waste or C&D waste generated shall be deposited to low lying
areas and shall be used as filling material in construction of roads (within the wards).
IEC and Public awareness activities play a huge role in the achievement of zero waste
management. The ULB shall employ campaigns, rallies, and leaflet and pamphlet
distribution within the designated ward to educate the common man about the advantages
of zero waste management. Motivational activities should be conducted to promote the
same. Elaborate details for conducting IEC campaigns are given in Chapter 8.9 Public
Awareness and IEC.
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6 Proposed Processing facility
The integrated waste management facility at Athani is proposed to be set up at existing
dumping ground. The area available at the processing and landfill site is 13.6 acres located
at distance of 7 kilometers from the town.
6.1 Technology Selection
The moisture content in Indian waste is high due to the high food and other organic content
in waste. In Athani if the silt wastes are removed from the waste stream, the organic matter
is about 40-60%. Such high moisture contents (19.64%) lead to low calorific value on as
received basis. Thermal processing is difficult and would require energy addition. Further as
mixed wastes are received there is always a threat of combusting plastics which can lead to
dioxins and furans release. It is recommended that no thermal processing technologies be
adopted in Athani.
Compost, vermicompost and Biomethanation plants are working successfully in many places
in India. These technologies recover the organic matter and make them into compost which
is a good soil conditioner and useful for soil management. Biomethanation has many useful
by-products like biogas, compost and potential use of the liquid as pest repellent etc. From
the agrarian environment of Athani the adoption of organic recovery solutions like
composting and vermicompost are the preferred options. We do not recommend
biomethanation at present as segregation is a primary requirement for successful operation
of biomethanation plants and this is not yet in practice. The Physical processing
technologies are useful to recover some of the non organic matter and should be integrated
into the main technology solution linked to organic waste recovery through composting.
Based on the above analysis it is recommended to have Composting and Vermicomposting
based waste management facility. This would be supported by the recycling of plastics and
other in organics. This technology proposed is simple and easy to implement with potential
to meet the overall objectives of waste management elucidated above. This is cost effective.
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6.2 Aerobic Composting
Aerobic composting is a process of microbial degradation where organic matter is broken
down by a succession of organisms in a warm, moist aerobic environment (controlled
conditions.
Composting is a form of recycling. Like other recycling effort, the composting of municipal
solid waste can help decrease the amount of solid waste that must be sent to a landfill
thereby reducing disposal costs. Composting also yields a valuable product that can be used
by farmers, landscapers, horticulturists, government agencies and property owners as a soil
amendment or mulch. The compost product improves the condition of soil, reduces erosion
and helps suppress plant diseases.
Composting is an age old practice and the word compost is as old as agriculture itself. The
solid wastes of plant and animal origin are utilized for conservation of carbon and
mineralization.
6.2.1 Use of Inoculums
Special inoculum containing several pure strains of developed, laboratory-cultured micro-
organisms, which are essential in the decomposition of organic matter, can be used for
accelerated decomposition and quality improvement.
Microorganism used can be:
Bacillus sp.
Trichoderma sp.
Aspergillus sp.
Phanerochaete sp.
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6.2.2 Layout Planning of Facil ity
The integrated facilities have been planned at waste site. Detailed layout plan and other
drawing of the waste processing and disposal facility are given in annexure.
TABLE 6-1 DETAILS OF LANDFILL LAYOUT
Existing Area of Athani Site 53226
Items to be Considered Existing Proposed Area Sq.mt
Site Office and Lab Yes
Landfill Site No 1 Yes 2221
Landfill Site No 2 Yes 2614
Lab Yes 96
Office Yes 48
Toilet yes 37
Security Cabin Yes 25
VCP Shed 1 Yes 354
VCP Shed 2 Yes 354
Vehicle Parking Yes 165
Vehicle Washing area Yes 96
Windrow compost pad (open) Yes 1200
Monsoon Shed Yes 600
Machine Shed yes 600
Windrow compost pad Yes 988
Weighbridge yes 30
Leachate Collection Tank yes 18
Leachate Sump yes 18
Road Areas yes 1430
Compound Wall Yes 290
Total 11184
Items to be Considered Existing Proposed Length (M)
Storm Water drains Yes 2886
Leachate Drain (Sump) yes 17
Leachate Drain (Windrow) yes 65
Total 2968
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FIGURE 6-1 LAYOUT PLAN FOR SWM SITE ATHANI
The overall concept is to design waste processing and landfill site in coherence with the
existing facilities. It proposed to place the Waste Processing facilities towards the central
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side of land. Adjacent to security building and additional office and lab building would be
constructed. Toilet facilities would also be provided. A parking area for vehicles, additional
composting facility, and vehicle cleaning unit is provided.
TABLE 6-2 DETAILS OF COMMON FACILITIES PROPOSED AT SITE
Sr.No. Component Details
1 Boundary Wall Compound wall is proposed to be built at landfill site
2 Internal Roads Total roads already exist.
3 Entrance gate Gate is present at the entry of the facility.
4 Weighbridge It is proposed to have 30 tons weighbridge of electromechanical type with 7 m x 3m loading platform at the entry of the waste management facility. The weigh bridge system would have a vehicle monitoring and staff time monitoring system.
5 Office building,
Lab and toilet
block
It is proposed to have office Building 5.9 X 9.3 Sq. M, Lab 9.8 X 9.3 Sq.
M & 4.5 X 3.8 Sq. M two toilet blocks with separate provision for men
and women.
6 Vehicle Parking It is proposed to have a vehicle parking at landfill site.
7 Power facilities Power connection is available at the facility. In addition it also
proposed to have a back up D G set of 60 KV capacity.
8 General Services The general services include the lighting of the facility for minimum
20 lux. No night operations are proposed and hence limited lighting is
adequate. Fire fighting tools are services are proposed including
preparation of a fire fighting requirement assessment and plan
preparation.
9 Plantation around
the boundary
It is proposed to have plantation around the landfill site as a buffer
area.
TABLE 6-3 DETAILS OF STRUCTURES PROPOSED
Name of the building / civil structure Cost / Sq. M , Cost / RMT Or Unit cost
Total Cost (Rs. in Lakh)
Compound wall / fencing 5569 16.15
Weighbridge, accessories and facilities 5.61
Windrow, Monsoon, Machine Shed platform 2530 60.72
Processing shed (screening, packaging etc), Monsoon Shed
4176 50.11
Laboratory 12664 25.17
Office building + toilets etc
Leachate collection and treatment system 3.48
Strom Water Gutter 1320 38.10
Leachate Collection Drain 772 0.50
Total cost 201.24
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6.3 Processing Decomposed Garbage
The un-segregated garbage when completely decomposed turns into black color, earthy
aroma and free from pathogens. This decomposed material is passed through the process
machineries, which are simple and highly effective.
The contraries that are non-degradable materials like plastics, metals, glass, rubber and
other inert materials are easily separated in four stages of screening. The sieving operations
eliminates bits, sticks, gravels, metals and glass pieces making the end product highly
uniform in size and quality.
Use of inoculum like consortium of degrading microorganisms has been recommended
mainly to reduce period of decomposition to around 40 to 45 days and also to prevent foul
smell and leachate generation.
6.4 Proposed Infrastructure at Landfill Site
6.4.1 Windrow Platform
This is an area where the entire waste received is turned at regular intervals. A windrow
platform of 30 X 40 sq. m is proposed to be constructed at the landfill site at Athani. In the
instant case the concrete yard is designed in such a way that the fresh garbage received
during the first 30 days is decomposed so that the volume and weight of the organic matter
is considerably reduced. Inertisation is attained and the stability of organic matter is
expected after 30 days. Decomposed matter is processed to obtain coarse organic manure
(semi processed organic manure). The semi processed organic manure is allowed for
stabilization for another 15 days and screened so that the final end product in the form of
organic manure is received after passing through 4mm sieve. Such organic manure is a
completely decomposed organic matter which is sanitized and stabilized.
6.4.2 Leachate Tanks
Leachate tanks are designed in such a way that the leachate generated during the course of
decomposition of organic fraction of waste is collected in the drains leading to leachate
tanks. Leachate tank of 6 X 3 X 1.8 cum is proposed at the current landfill site.
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6.4.3 Office building and Laboratory
An office building with a laboratory and toilet facility is proposed at the landfill site.
6.4.4 Tree Plantation
The landfill site already has a few trees in its area. A total of 3 rows of plantation is
proposed.
6.4.5 Processing Machinery, Vehicles and Equipments
Mainly, three machineries are proposed to be present at the landfill site, namely 35mm
sieve trommel, 14 mm sieve trommel, 4 mm sieve trommel. Their respective feeder and
reject conveyors are also proposed.
A tractor trailer (already existing with the TMC) shall be used for internal transport of waste
in the landfill site. A front end loader with backhoe is proposed to be used for turning of
waste in the windrows.
6.4.6 Machinery shed
The shed of 40m X 30m X 5m is proposed for Trommels (35/14/4mm) and their conveyors.
This shed will also be used as a monsoon shed, to accommodate the processing machinery;
provision is made to process the waste even during rainy season as 8 to 10 days material will
be protected from rain water. This shed is also to be used for storing accessories, various
parts of the machineries, processing equipment’s, oil & lubricants etc. Packaging of compost
and its storage will also be carried out in this shed. Compost packaging and storage unit
should also be accommodated here.
6.4.7 DG set
A DG set is proposed as an alternative power source.
6.4.8 Power Supply
A total power supply of 100 kW per day is necessary to take care of composting activity
including lighting in the composting area. A transformer with poles and sodium light is also
found to be necessary in order to help continuous supply of power.
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6.4.9 Rain Water Harvesting
Rainwater harvesting is accumulation & deposition of rainwater for reuse on-site, rather
than allowing it to run off. Rainwater is collected from roofs, and in many places the water
collected is redirected to a deep pit (well, shaft, or borehole), a reservoir with percolation.
This water can be used for watering plants, vehicle cleaning etc. The harvested water can
also be used as drinking water, longer-term storage and for other purposes such as
groundwater recharge.
For Construction of Rainwater Harvesting Project, which would carry rainwater runoff from
rooftops & along the roof lining, buildings for Office and commercial sectors needs specific
requirements as stated below.
• Maximum roof coverage area should be considered, which includes monsoon shade,
machine shade and vermicomposting shades and any other temporary or extended
shades which are along the office building.
• Pipelines carry the water to the recharge pits provided inside the premises.
• Every recharge pit is measuring of 4 x 3 x 3 cum.
6.4.9.1 RECHARGE P IT BU ILD I NG
• Dig a pit 4m wide near the office or structure till you reach the water level.
• Dig one more meter deep and put a layer of charcoal and 1/2 meters of river sand
which acts as a strainer. If required, use an iron sheet all around the pit to keep the
pit from collapsing. Remove the sheet after you put charcoal and one and half
meters of river sand.
• Connect one pipe to the DOWNPIPE that comes from the roof.
• A strainer at the top will keep leaves and other wastes from going down along with
the rainwater.
• Rainwater displaces the dense hard water underground. If water comes up to the
surface, put half a meter of ordinary sand on top of river sand. This will prevent the
water from overflowing. Once a week, pour bleaching powder solution through the
pipe on the roof. This will cleanse the pipe thoroughly on regular basis.
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FIGURE 6-2 DETAILS OF DIFFERENT LAYERS IN RECHARGE PIT
6.4.9.2 MAINTENANCE O F REC H ARGE P I T
The Recharge Pits have to be cleaned regularly as it would have clogged with run-off sand,
mud, leaves etc. Clean the recharge pit once a year. Dig out the filler material. And fill it
once again with clean materials.
6.5 Design of recommended processing and disposal options
The detailed drawings of the processing and disposal facilities have been provided in
annexure.
6.5.1 Waste Segregation Facil ity
The waste arriving at the integrated waste management facility should be weighed at the
gate and data recorded. The vehicles arriving are smart segregated. The balance of the
materials will be taken to the windrow platform and tipped, which is followed by aerobic
composting process.
6.5.2 Aerobic composting facil ity
Aerobic Composting is used for stabilizing organic matter. Composting results in production
of stable product i.e. compost which depending upon its quality can be used as soil
conditioner or potting medium. In this section the detailed design and technical
specifications of the compost facility are discussed.
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Aerobic Waste decomposition processes: an overview
Aerobic composting involves the stabilization of the organics into compost by
microorganisms, which require the oxygen in air for their survival and growth. During this
process of conversion heat is released. There are ideal limits for different parameters within
which these microorganisms survive. Adequate moisture is required for the microorganisms
to survive and composting to take place. If these conditions are ensured to be stable the
compost quality and time of composting process can be controlled. In batch conditions the
composting process continues at progressively reducing rate as the oxygen becomes a
limiting factor or organics get consumed. To ensure the survival of these organisms the
availability of oxygen in the waste being composted has to be ensured through provision of
air. For economic reasons the time of composting is restricted till the major conversion is
done and subsequently compost maturing is taken up till the compost is safe for application
to plants. The organics typically have high moisture and in the compost process this is
removed. There are different possible configurations of holding waste and providing air for
aerobic composting. The selection of this is based on economics and competence in
handling technology.
The various parameters that affect the composting process and the compost quality are
organisms’ population, carbon Nitrogen ratio, temperature, aeration and moisture. The
above-mentioned controlling parameters need to be monitored in the industrial scale plant.
In large composting operations it is necessary to monitor the wastewater, which comes out
of the organic waste, called leachate. The production of this leachate has to be minimized
and whatever leachate is generated has to be collected and reused for maintaining the
moisture content of the heap and as an inoculum.
Design choices
There are many alternative approaches, which have been adopted for composting of
municipal solid wastes based on the broad principle of aerobic composting. The following
approach has been adopted for Athani.
The waste as received is pre-sorted. The waste is formed into windrows and aerated. Roof is
proposed for the composting yard. The design is based on a 35-day waste composting cycle
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with 15-day additional provision in concrete yard for additional waste load and for
management during monsoons.
Sizing of plant
The composting plant has been grouped into 3 parts. The inertising part, which is the basic
composting process consisting of the wastes windrowing process including aeration so that
a stabilized material is produced. The second part is the compost segregation plant also
called the processing facility where the stabilized wastes are segregated into compost and
rejects and finally maturation and storage part.
The Process Flow
The proposed type of waste processing facility is Windrow Composting system. Turning of
windrows is to be done using front end loader with backhoe. The step-by step process
operations are given below. The various aspects, which come into play at each of the steps,
are also given.
FIGURE 6-3: SQUEEZE TEST TO ESTIMATE MOISTURE CONTENT
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Waste processing facility
Step 1: The waste is transferred from segregation facility to the aerobic composting yard.
Step 2: The segregated waste is sent to the windrow platform. The windrow is then sprayed
with bio culture slurry.
Step 3: The windrow is maintained for 7 days. The temperature is monitored to ensure that
the composting process is ongoing. The leachate from the windrow comes out and is
collected in the drain. The drain is connected to the leachate tank. The leachate from
leachate tank is used for making the inoculum slurry.
Step 4: At 7 days from start the first windrow is reorganized. The waste volume would have
reduced by 15% compared to start with moisture reduction and degradation. While re-
forming the windrow addition of inoculums slurry and water to maintain the moisture is
done using the trailer mounted slurry tank. The temperature profile in the second windrow
is monitored. The leachate from the windrow may come out and is collected in the drain.
Step 5: At 14 days from start the second windrow is reorganized. The waste volume would
have reduced by about 15% compared to start of windrow 2 with moisture reduction and
degradation. The balance of the waste is reformed into the third windrow. Addition of water
is undertaken if required. The temperature profile in the third windrow is monitored. No
leachate is expected from now on.
Step 6: At 21 days from start the third windrow is reorganized. The waste volume would
have reduced by about 15% compared to start of windrow 3. The wastes are reformed into
the fourth windrow. Addition of water is undertaken if required. The temperature profile in
the fourth windrow is monitored.
Step 7: At 28 days from start the fourth windrow is reorganized. The waste volume would
have reduced by about 5% compared to start of windrow 4. The wastes are reformed into
the fifth windrow. Addition of water is undertaken if required. The temperature profile in
the fifth windrow is monitored. This is the maturing stage of the compost.
Step 8: At 35 days the waste is now composted and it is transferred to the processing line
initial hopper.
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Step 9: The aerobic composting waste is fed into the trommel in the processing line. It is
transferred to the conveyor, which lifts it into the first rotary sieve. The rotary sieve has 35
mm punched holes.
The waste not passing through the sieve is the reject, which is then transferred using the
belt conveyor to the reject platform. The material passing is then transferred to the second
rotary sieve using belt conveyors. The second sieve has 14 mm holes. A third sieve of 4 mm
punched holes is also provided for fine composting, to be sold as Grade I compost. The
materials not passing through the sieve is transferred out using a chute. The materials
passing through the sieve is transferred using a chute to a heap. The compost at the heap is
further processed with admixtures or directly bagged for sale.
The material of size between 35 mm and 14 mm is sold as grade II compost and the
materials less than 4 mm is grade I compost. Additional products with different admixtures
are made and sold as niche products. The present design does not provide the mixing and
grinding facility for compost upgradation, as this would depend on marketing plans. Space
for provision of these facilities is provided. Bagging is proposed manually.
Step 10: Materials recovery from the rejects is undertaken and the recyclables are stored in
the recyclables shed.
The reject are taken out for disposal in landfill daily. The recyclables are sold when adequate
quantity is available for transport. The compost is sold as per demand.
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TABLE 6-4MATERIAL FLOW
Process Material Flow Athani (TMC)
Pro
cess
ing
Ist Stage Incoming Waste
Feed Material Town Garbage
Material Properties Mixed MSW TPD Volume Reject
Incoming Garbage Inoculants Addition 18.10 30.16
Moisture Addition
Sanitisation (at 55-65o
C) for two weeks
Ist Heap / Windrow Formation (Moisture: 55 - 65%)
14.48 19.75
5.43
IInd Heap / Windrow Turning (Moisture: 55 - 62 %)
12.67 17.95
Decomposition (at 55-65o C)for two weeks
IIIrd Heap / Windrow Turning (Moisture: 55%)
10.86 12.93
IVth Heap / Windrow Turning (Moisture: 55 - 62 %)
9.95 9.87
Shifting in Rain shed 9.05 8.98
IInd Stage
Feed Material Digested Compost (from Yard)
Material Properties Moist, Bumpy, Heterogeneous, Sticky
Coarse Segregation Lump breaking, opening up , segregation and screening of fine material. (Below 35 mm)
9.05 8.16 1.81
Screening and Separation of material 7.24 5.88
2.71 (Below 14 mm)
Oversized Rejections 4.52 3.67
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Process Material Flow Athani (TMC)
(For recycling or sanitary land filling)
IIIrd Stage
Feed Material Screened material (Below 14 mm)
Material Properties Moist, Lumpy, Sticky
Curing Shifting of material to curing section for further digestion / maturation &moisture management
2.83 2.30
0.57
Addition of Rock Phosphate, mixing & turning
2.26 1.84
Shifting of material to refinement line.
Co
mp
ost
Ref
inem
ent
Sect
ion
IVth Stage
Feed Material Screened Material (Below14mm)
Material Properties Moist , Sticky
Refinement Screening and separation below 4 mm, Oversized rejections sent for re-sanitisation.
1.81 1.47 0.45
Separation of heavy impurities as sand , glass , stones etc.
1.36 1.10 0.09
Standardization and Quality control.
Mixing of additives ( Liquid/ Granules ) to improve quality of end products.
1.27 1.03
-0.09
Storage Finished good packing and shifting to storage section.
1.36 1.10
Rejects going into the Landfill 2.81
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FIGURE 6-4 : SWM WASTE PROCESS FLOW CHART
TABLE 6-5: ARRANGEMENT AND TURNING OF WINDROWS
In general, as the average windrow shape is between an oval and trapezoid a factor of 0.66 is assumed to estimate windrow volumes, therefore the equation for volume of the windrow is: Volume = Height X Width X Length X 0.66 Windrow dimensions should allow conservation of heat generated during composting process while also maintaining diffusion of air to the deeper portions of the windrow Windrows should be turned frequently, once a week over 5 weeks to maintain aeration, porosity and enhance degradation Frequency of turning depends upon: • moisture content, • porosity of material, • rate of microbial activity, and • desired composting time
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6.6 Vermi composting
The mostly organic waste arriving at the facility is directed to the vermicomposting
decomposing yard. The waste is windrowed for a period of 15-20 days to undergo partial
decomposition. The vermi composting process starts with partially decomposed waste. A
separate covered shed with 2 TPD capacity is already present at the site..
The earthworms eat the partially decomposed waste and produce casting. The casting of the
worms is the vermicompost. The degradation process in vermi composting takes places
inside the worm body by microorganisms. The selection of worms to obtain the best yield
per worm is available. The crux in this process is to get the worms to survive. The conditions
for survival of the worms have to be maintained in terms of the food availability, food
quality, moisture content and safety from predators. Another important aspect is that the
vermi castings have to be routinely removed. The whole vermi composting operation has to
be done manually and require more care and effort. In terms of the infrastructure
requirement the vermi composting takes off from the aerobic composting and simple
covered sheds are adequate.
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7 Design of Landfill
7.1 Design and Development of Sanitary Landfill Facility
The construction of landfill facility for all the cells shall be as per the specification and
drawings. Design of each cell of landfill facility is decided as per the topographical conditions
of the site area, subsequently development should be in same sequence. The Design
Fundamentals of Sanitary Landfill site at Athani is presented in the table below.
TABLE 7-1DESIGN FUNDAMENTAL OF SANITARY LANDFILL SITE
Sr.No. SLF Components Units Details
1 Total Waste to be disposed in SLF for next 25 year Ton 191625
2 Waste to be disposed in SLF every year Ton 7665
3 Waste to be disposed in SLF daily Ton 21
4 Present Available area for SLF activity Sq.m 4436
5 Number of proposed Cells Number 2
6
Dimension of Proposed Landfill Cell L1 (Height of Cell
Total 10 m - 5 M below ground and 5 M above ground
Level)
Length (M) 70
Breadth (M) 27
7
Dimension of Proposed Landfill Cell L2 (Height of Cell
Total 10 m - 5 M below ground and 5 M above ground
Level)
Length (M) 67
Breadth (M) 38
8 Required Area for next 25 year for SLF + Bund area Sq.m 5859
9 Existing Area can cater to the requirement for next Years 19
10 Additional Landfill are Required for ULB after complete
use of Existing Site
Sq.m 1423
11 Bulk density of compacted solid waste Ton / M3 0.8
12 Waste application height meters (above
ground level)
5
13 Bottom liner slope (Transversely) % Towards center
of each cell.
1%
14 Leachate drainage slope (Longitudinal) % Towards
leachate sump.
1%
15 Inner side slopes of Embankment (V: H) 01:02.5
16 Outer side slopes of Embankment (V: H) 01:02.5
7.2 Bio Remediation at previous engineering site
Bio-remediation is use biological organism to solve environmental problem. It is the
collective range of cleanup methods by using natural micro-organism (such as bacteria,
plant, Fungi etc) to degrade hazardous organic contaminants to environmentally less toxic.
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FIGURE 7-1: OPTIONS FOR TREATMENT OF EXISTING MSW DUMP ON THE SITE
Process of Bio-augmentation - Since the treatment is proposed only for the remaining
degradable waste on site, the process of bio-augmentation is very simple and cost effective.
• Step 1 – Loosening of waste using tractor or backhoe loader.
• Step 2 – Spraying of Bio-culture on the waste ( for decomposition of remaining waste)
• Step 3 – Sieving the degraded waste - Sieved out waste can be used as manure.
• Step 4 – Rejected waste will be recyclable and inert. - The recyclable waste will be recycled and the inert waste will be used for leveling at dumping site.
TABLE 7-2: AREA AT LANDFILL SITE AFTER BIOREMEDIATION AND SEGREGATION
Area of the previous engineering landfill site 12075 sq m
Assuming Depth of previous engineering landfill site 2.5 m
Volume of Waste to be Bio remediated from previous engineering landfill site 30187.5 cu m
Assuming Density of Waste 0.7
Total weight of Waste in previous engineering landfill site 21131.25 Ton
Inert waste (10%) to be resent to landfill 2113.125 Ton
Area required to be deducted (to resent inserts to landfill) 301.9 sq m
Net area available from previous engineering landfill site after Bio Remediation 11773 sq m
Existing Area can cater to the requirement for next 19 Year
Total area available for landfill site after application of Bio remediation to previous engineering landfill site 16209
Sq.m
Total Area can cater to the requirement for next 69 year
Existing
Dumping Site
Bio Remediation
Segregation
Compost Plastic Paver Block
Construction
Inert
Packaged &
Sold Off
RDF & Road
Construction Debris for Road
Construction
For Land
filling
New
Sanitary Landfill Site
Recyclables
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The following method of Bio remediation; i.e. Bio Augmentation will be suitable for the
treatment of the dumped waste. In Bio Augmentation, the current solid waste has to be
loosened with a tractor or Excavator. After the loosening, the culture will be sprayed on the
solid waste. It will increase the rate of degradation of the waste. After this stage, sieving of
the degraded waste will be done and sieved out waste will be manure and can be used as
compost. The rejected waste which will be inert or recyclable can go into landfill or into
suitable processes for recyclable waste.
TABLE 7-3 PERCENTAGE RECOVERY OF RECYCLABLE WASTE
Sl. No.
Fractions Resource Description
% recovery
Application Remarks
1 Finest Fraction
Organic matter + fine Soil Bio-Earth A grade
30% Manure in organic farming
As a soil improver, restoring alkaline or saline soils to fertility, improves soil breathing and water retention capacity
2 Coarser Fraction
Coarse Organics and sand Bio-Earth B grade
30% Manure cum soil aggregate in farm applications
Used to control soil erosions, as a organic manure in tree pits, improves soil breathing and water retention capacity
3
Heavy Fraction
Pebbles (Between 20 and 40 mm)
10% Construction and filling in low lying areas
Used for road shoulders
4 Pebbles (Between 40 and 80 mm)
8% Construction and filling in low lying areas
Used for road shoulders
5 Tender cocoanut shells
2% As a Fuel Used to produce bio-bricks and in hydroponic cultivation
6 Light fraction
Plastic and other recyclables
10% Recycling
Reduces the use of virgin materials
7 Non recyclable combustibles
P2F (Plastic to Fuel)
Increasing diesel prices making P2F more attractive
8 Residuals Inert materials 10% Land filling Extends the life span of land fill sites
On the landfill site of the 10% of inert waste need to be re dumped on landfill after
bioremediation. As explained above, the required area considering the volume to be
deposited on landfill after Bioremediation and segregation along with the volume required
for sanitary landfill site is given.
7.2.1 Construction Procedure
Construction of landfill should be followed in the sequence given below:
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S. No. Activity Possible Parallel / Independent Activities
1. Grading and leveling Service road around the site, fencing & green belt area
2. Side soil bund
Power supply, water supply, Workshop, leachate pond,
office buildings, compost yard, weigh Bridge, waste
segregation platform
3. Bottom liner system Storm water drain around the side soil bund
4. Leachate collection and
conveying system Leachate collection sump
5. Side liner system Bottom liner system
6. Leachate collection sump Installation of pumps
7. Installation of pumps for
Transferring leachate
8. Storm water drain around the
side soil bund Peripheral service roads, green belt
9. Monitoring wells
10. Approach Road Strom water drain
11. Green belt area
12. Top liner system
7.2.2 Grading, Leveling and Base Formation
Before the construction of landfill facility, site shall be properly cleared from any shrubs and
bushes. A benchmark has to be fixed at an immovable known point. Site shall be leveled and
compacted. As the highest ground water table is at about 1 m from ground level, it is
suggested to have filling by hard murum of 0.5 m thick and compacting the same. The filler
material is leveled to get the desired slope of 1 %.
FIGURE 7-2: LINE PLACEMENT AT EDGES OF LANDFILL
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FIGURE 7-3: LINE PLACEMENT AT EDGES OF LANDFILL
7.2.3 Side Soil Bunds
In order to prevent the sliding movement of the waste, earth bunds has to be constructed
over the sides of landfill. The soil bunds are of trapezoidal shape. As per the design, the
landfill is 6 meters above the ground level and 4 meters below groud level. Total height
considered is 10 meter. The inside slope is of 1:2.5 (V: H). Soil bunds shall be of hard
murrum with required specification. The soil has to be tested as per the parameters
mentioned in Quality assurance plan. During construction of bunds, soil has to be laid in
layers of about 30 cm and each layer has to be well compacted before going for next layer.
During compaction the soil shall be at its optimum moisture content so as to achieve
maximum compaction. Soil bund is of 3 meters height with inner and outer slopes of 1:2.5
(V: H). The top width of soil bund is 3 meters.
FIGURE 7-4: PLACEMENT OF THE HDPE LINER OVER THE CLAY LINER
FIGURE 7-5: PLACEMENT OF THE GRAVEL DRAINAGE LAYER AND GEOTEXTILE OVER THE CLAY LINER
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FIGURE 7-6: LEACHATE COLLECTION PIPES ARE TO BE CONNECTED TO A SUMP, THROUGH THE LINER
7.2.4 Bottom & Side Liner System of Sanitary La ndfil l Facil ity
A liner system is the barrier that separates waste from the environment. The bottom and
sideliner system must effectively stop the migration of leachate from the landfill for many
years. In order to prevent the migration of leachate from the landfill facility, the bottom and
side lining system is of minerallic type, with different layers and specifications. First after
grading and leveling the site, filling by hard murum is carried out as per the designed slope.
Over the filled material, 90 cm thick clay liner has to be laid. While laying clay liner, the
permeability of clay should be lesser than 1 x 10-7 cm/sec and the moisture content shall be
at its optimum moisture content. Clay layer of bottom liner shall be laid in layers of about 45
cm thick and should be well compacted with a vibrating Roller of 4 to 5 tons. After
compaction the clay layer shall be left out for natural drying and settlement for at least 5 to
6 days. If any cracks develops in clay liner that has to be grouted with bentonite.
Over the clay liner, a High Density Poly- Ethylene (HDPE) liner of 1.5 mm thick has to be
provided. The joints of the HDPE liner have to be welded by Lap joint method. HDPE liner
shall be of two sides textured. Over the HDPE liner, a Geo-textile membrane of 1.5 mm thick
of non-woven type & Poly-propylene (PP) make should be laid. The textile portion of geo-
textile shall be facing upside. The purpose of Geo-Textile is to protect HDPE sheet from any
shock loads, which may be due to vehicle movement. Over Geo-Textile liner, a drainage
layer of thickness of about 30 cm has to be laid uniformly on entire bed of bottom area. This
drainage layer is for effective collection and conveyance of leachate coming out from waste.
Therefore, the permeability of the drainage layer shall be greater than 1 X 10-2 cm /sec.
The sideliner system should be same as bottom liner.
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BOTTOM AND SIDE LINER SYSTEM
7.2.5 Leachate Collection & Conveyance System:
In order to collect and convey the leachate to the collection sump, the leachate collection
channel has been designed. The leachate collection drain, from the middle of each cell as
shown in drawings has to be constructed first. The generated leachate will be collected in
the channel due to bottom transverse slope of 1.0%, and conveyed by gravity to sump due
to longitudinal slope of 1.0%. For collection and conveyance of leachate to sump, a
perforated HDPE pipe of 30 cm ID has to be laid as shown in drawings. The pipes should
have rectangular slots of size 20 mm x 5 mm, placed at spacing of 100 mm/cc in the
longitudinal direction and 50 mm spacing laterally. The slots shall be placed along the length
of the pipe only on the sides with 20 mm side of slot being parallel to the longitudinal axis of
the pipe, in a zigzag pattern as shown figure below:
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM SHOWING PLACEMENT OF RECTANGULAR SLOTS IN LEACHATE COLLECTION PIPE
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The leachate collection channels have to be packed with drainage material. The slopes of
the pipe should be such that, the leachate should flow easily into the leachate collection
sump later on the leachate from sump has to be transported for treatment.
FIGURE 7-7: WELDING OF LEACHATE PIPES
7.2.6 Leachate Collection Sump
RCC sump of 6 X 3 sq. m temporarily covered with RCC slab has been recommended to be
constructed for collection of leachate from “leachate collection system”. The construction of
the sump shall be gradual with the filling of the waste. A clear depth of 1 meter has to be
maintained between the bottom of sump and leachate connection pipe. About 20mm thick
plastering has to be done at the inner and outer side of sump. Epoxy powder (which acts as
water proof agent) has to be used during plastering. The RCC slab has been provided with a
manhole of 1 m x 1 m through with a monkey ladder. The manhole has to be covered with
hinged steel gate in order to avoid the entry of rainwater into the sump. The collected
leachate from sump has to be transferred to leachate pond by pumping. After closure of
Sanitary landfill Facility, appreciable quantity of leachate is not expected to be generated,
however, if any leachate is generated it has to be transferred to leachate pond.
7.2.7 Installation of Pumps for Transferring Leachate
The leachate has to be pumped to the leachate pond. Two pumps (non-corrosive type) of 2
HP each (discharge 25 m3 /hr and total maximum head of 25 m) have to be installed in each
leachate collection sump. These pumps may be installed at the RCC slab of collection sump
with proper rainwater protection. While one will be active the other will serve as standby.
During heavy rainfall, both the pumps can be operated. The sump has to be covered and
protected against rainwater.
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FIGURE 7-8: SUPPORT OF LEACHATE PIPES
7.2.8 Storm Water Drainage System of Landfil l
Storm water drainage is one of the main components of landfill facility. The arrangement
shall be such that, the storm water from landfill facility has to be collected effectively in
drainage system and conveyed away from facility with in short time. Storm water drain shall
be of trapezoidal shape with brick lining. The inside part of drain has to be plastered with
cement motor. Storm water drain shall be constructed all along the outer periphery of soil
bund.
7.2.9 Monitoring Wells
Monitoring wells have to be constructed around the facility for periodic monitoring of the
quality of ground water. The monitoring wells to be provided along the four corners of
landfill facility. The groundwater at a regular time interval must be monitored for the
specified parameters. The frequency of monitoring can be monthly in the first 5 years of
operation of the facility, thereafter quarterly up to 25 years or till the life of the facility is
exhausted and semi-annually after closure of the facility (for 5 years after closure of the
facility).
7.2.10 Approach Road and Service Road at the Facil ity:
A main approach road of 6 m wide from the main gate is suggested.
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7.2.11 Green Belt Development:
The green belt development around landfill facility will ensure the reduction in soil erosion
and air pollution due to dust suppression. This also increases aesthetic value of the area. As
per the design, about 3 m wide green belt along the periphery and shall be developed
accordingly.
7.2.12 Office Building & Laboratory:
In order to manage the operation and maintenance of the facility and to maintain the record
of daily waste disposal, an office with necessary furniture and other facilities has to be
established at the site area. A laboratory will have to be set up in order to analyze waste
samples and to carry out monitoring activities with regard to air and water and some time
soil if required.
7.2.13 Other Infrastructure Facil ities:
Apart from above, other facilities such as electricity for lighting arrangement in SLF area,
weighbridge, fire protection equipment, personnel protective equipment, drinking water,
storage area for equipment, shelter for machinery & vehicles and security cabin will be
required during operation and maintenance of SLF. Periodically, crawler dozer will be
required for layer wise compaction of waste. A 300-micron thick LDPE/HDPE sheet, sand
filled bags will also be required for intermediate covering of waste during rainy seas.
7.2.14 Final or Top Cover
The prime function of a final cover or the top liner system is to minimize infiltration of
precipitation. Other functions include preventing the contamination of surface run off, wind
dispersion of municipal solid waste and direct contact of the municipal solid waste with
humans and animals. For long-term performance with minimum maintenance, the final
cover is designed to promote surface drainage and minimize erosion. After the operational
life, each cell of landfill facility has to be closed and covered with suggested top cover
system, as shown below:
Over the foundation layer, 30 cm thick gas drainage layer has to be laid with 16-32
mm size gravel.
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TOP LINER SYSTEM
The gas outlet pipe should be connected to the gas drainage layer. The gas outlet
pipe is to remove the gas generated from consolidated waste after complete closing.
Over the gas drainage layer, 60 cm thick clay layer should be laid. The permeability of
clay should be less than 1 X 10-7 cm/sec. During laying of clay layer, the moisture
content in clay should be as per the optimum moisture content in order to achieve
permeability factor shown above. The clay liner shall be laid in two layers each of
thickness 300mm. Each layer of clay shall be well compacted with a vibratory roller
of 4 to 5 tons.
Over the clay liner, 30 cm thick storm water drainage layer has to be laid with 16-32
mm size gravel. The permeability of drainage layer should be more than 1 X 10-2
cm/sec.
Over the drainage layer, 45 cm thick native soil should be provided for vegetation in
two layers. The first layer has to be compacted, other two layers has to be left loose
for the growth of vegetation. A vegetation cover has to provide at the top of the soil
in order to prevent the soil erosion due to precipitate and also for better landscaping
7.2.15 Tentative Cost Estimate for Sanitary Landfil l
The tentative cost estimate for development of the sanitary landfill and other infra-
structural facilities is presented in the following tables:
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TABLE 7-4 COST ESTIMATE FOR SANITARY LANDFILL SITE
Sr.No Description of Work Quantity Unit Rate/Unit
Cost (Rs in Lakhs.)
1 Grading and leveling 5859 m2 13 0.74
2 Filling material 4734 m3 180 8.53
3 Soil bund 2929 m3 180 5.28
4 Bottom liner system 0.00
5 30 cm thick drainage layer (K=1X10-2 cm/sec) 4394 m2 180 7.92
6 1.5 mm thick geo-textile 4394 m2 135 5.94
7 1.5 mm thick HDPE liner 4394 m2 451 19.80
8 90 cm thick clay liner (K<1 X10-7 cm/sec) 4394 m2 360 15.84
9 Side liner system (same as bottom liner) 703 m2 1171 8.24
10 Leachate collection drain including HDPE pipe 220 RM 6307 26.11
11 Leachate collection sump (RCC) & pump for transferring leachate to ETP
33.6 m3 12615 4.24
12 Cover liner system 2929 m3 1171 34.31
13 Leachate Pond 143 m3 12615 18.01
Sub-total 154.95
Adding 10% contingency 15.50
Total for sanitary landfill facility (25 years) 170.45
Total for sanitary landfill facility (12.5 years) 85.22
Total for sanitary landfill facility (12.5 years) – as per 2016-17 DSR 95.45
7.2.16 Leachate from Landfil l
The leachate from the landfill is mainly due to the rain water. Therefore, the leachate
depends on the rainfall in the town.
TABLE 7-5 LEACHATE GENERATION
S.N Particulars Details Units
1 Annual Peak Precipitation 513.8 mm
2 Area of the Land fill 12075 sq. m
3 Monsoon duration 90 days
4 Leachate Generate from the SLF 69 cum
Leachate from the Waste processing, composting and SLF shall be collected & treated
together in Planted Gravel Filter.
TABLE 7-6 ESTIMATION OF LEACHATE TANK
S.N Particulars Details Units
1 Leachate Generate from the SLF 69 cum / Day
2 Leachate from Windrow & Waste processing area 22 cum / Day
3 Total Volume of Leachate Generation 91 cum / Day
4 Capacity of the Tank required 100 cum / Day
5 Total required length of the tank 10.5 M
6 Total required Width of the tank 3.8 M
7 Total required Depth of the tank 2.5 M
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S.N Particulars Details Units
8 Total Volume of the Tank 100 cu m
7.2.17 Treatment of Leachate – Phytorid Treatment Plant
It is proposed to treat leachate from the landfill site using Phytorid Treatment Technology.
The treatment process has to have low operation and maintenance cost.
This is the technology developed by National Environmental Engineering Research Institute
(NEERI), Nagpur for the treatment of municipal and industrial waste water. The technology
combines the physical, biological and chemical process without requiring any mechanical
equipment (thus eliminating the need for electricity and maintenance of equipment). The
Technology provides clean and aesthetic solution for the treatment of wastewater which is
generally thrown in open at the disposal points. BOD and COD removal is reported to be
achieved as 80 – 90 %. The components of the technology include
Primary Settling cell (PSC) for the purpose of anaerobic pre- treatment of suspended
solids.
Secondary Advanced Filter cell (SAFC) that contains different sized stones and gravel
wherein anaerobic digestion occurs.
Tertiary Biological wetland Cell (TBWC) made up of life supporting media (again stone
and gravel) and planed with aquatic flora such as Typha, Scirpus, Cyperus, Peltandra,
Phragmites etc.
This is fairly new technology and has been tested successfully a few places in Maharashtra
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FIGURE 7-9 PHYTORID TREATMENT
7.3 Material Specifications for Sanitary Landfill
The specifications and quality aspects of the Landfill facility is very important, in order to
achieve designed performance of sanitary landfill facility. Liner system of landfill facility has
been designed in consideration with following points;
To prevent migration of waste, leachate to the adjacent subsurface soil or ground
water or surface water.
Material specified for liner has adequate chemical properties, physical properties
and engineering properties to prevent failure on account of loads, climatic
conditions, and contact with waste or leachate.
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Slopes at bottom and sides area designed to withstand Liner material safely without
any sliding movement.
7.3.1 Material Specifications for Liners and Drainage System
7.3.1.1 BOTTOM & S I DE L I NE R
1) 1X90 cm thick compacted clay or compacted amended soil with permeability less than
1X10-7 cm /s with the following specifications:
Permeability to be checked before and after laying
Free of any stones, kankars and any other foreign material
Moisture content to be maintained during laying as per OMC. (Optimum Moisture
Content)
To be compacted so as to achieve Proctor Density
To be laid in 2 layers each of 30 cm thick
Permeability & moisture content has to be checked in each layer.
To be kept covered during installation so that moisture is not evaporated.
2) 1X 1.5mm thick HDPE Geo-membrane of following specification:
Tensile strength at yield greater than 18 KN / m.
Tensile Strength at break greater than 30 KN / m.
Tear Resistance greater than 150 N
Puncture Resistance greater than 250 N
3) 1 X 1.5 mm thick Geo-textile;
Type – Non woven
Make – PP
200 GSM
4) 1 X30 cm thick Leachate drainage layer;
Material – Sand or any other granule with permeability greater than 1 X 10 –2 cm
/sec
Size Gradation – 16 to 32 mm
Dust free
Kankar free
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Rounded gravels
Free of any angular or sharp aggregates
To be laid as 30 cm thick uniform layer
7.3.1.2 LEACH ATE DRAINAGE SYSTEM
The construction details of leachate drain is as follows:
Longitudinal slope of leachate collection pipe shall be 1.0%.
The bottom and sides of HDPE pipe has to be filled with the mixture of cement,
bentonite and sand.
The HDPE pipe has to be covered with 200 GSM geo-textile to prevent clogging of
slots by drainage material / other solids.
Over HDPE pipe Gravel size of 16mm to 32mm has to be laid uniformly.
The specification of material to be used for leachate drain is given below:
1) 1 X 1.5mm thick geo-textile – 200 GSM
2) Mixture of sand, cement and bentonite shall be in ratio
94%: 3%: 3% respectively.
3) Specification for HDPE pipe.
Internal Dia. –285 mm
Outer Dia. – 300mm
Wall Thickness –15mm
Pressure Rating- 4 Kg/cm2
7.3.1.3 TOP L INE R SY STEM
1) 1 X 60 cm thick compacted clay or compacted amended soil with permeability less than
1X10-7 cm /sec.
Permeability to be checked before and after laying
Free of any stones, kankars and any other foreign material
Moisture content to be maintained during laying as per OMC.
(Optimum Moisture Content)
To be compacted so as to achieve Proctor Density
To be laid in 2 layers each of 30 cm thick
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Permeability & moisture content has to be checked in each layer.
2) 1 X 30 cm thick drainage layer
Material – Sand or any other granule with permeability greater than 1
X 10 –2 cm /sec
Size Gradation – 16 to 32 mm
Dust free
Kankar free
Rounded gravels
Free of any angular or sharp aggregates
To be laid as 30 cm uniform layer
3) 1 X 45 cm, fertile soil for vegetation
To be laid in two layers; the bottom layer to be compacted mildly and
the top layer to be kept loose for growing vegetation.
Vegetation cover with Grass, shrubs etc. having root length <30 cm
7.4 Operation Plan of Sanitary Landfill
7.4.1 Construction and Operational Plan
The operation of a landfill shall consist of the following steps:
Operation before waste is transported to landfill facility
Operation during disposal of waste into landfill facility
Closer plan
Record keeping
Monitoring
7.4.2 Operation before Transportation of Waste
7.4.2.1 S ITE DEVELO PMENT :
The following construction activities shall be carried out along with construction of landfill
facility before disposal of waste.
Construction of perimeter fence, entrance gate, weighs bridge and green belt.
Construction of main access road near the entrance gate with parking area.
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Construction of service road along the perimeter of the site and well as construction
of approach road.
Construction of waste inspection facility, equipment workshop and garage, vehicle
cleaning area.
Installation of direction sings, site lighting, firefighting facilities, communication
facilities.
Construction of water supply and waste water/sewage disposal.
Construction of surface water drainage system.
Construction of main leachate pipe, sump and leachate pond.
Installation of environmental monitoring facilities.
Construction of emergency exit gate.
7.4.2.2 S ITE PROCE DU RE S : RECO RD KEEPI NG & WASTE I NSPECT IO N :
Records shall be kept on a daily, weekly and monthly basis. In addition a site Manual shall
be kept at the site office giving all site investigation, design and construction details the
following records shall be maintained during operation of landfill
(i) Landfill Manual: The site manual shall contain the following information:
Data collected during site selection
Environmental assessment report
Site investigation and characterization data
Detailed topographical map
Design of landfill components
Landfill layout and its cells
Construction plans
Details of leachate management plan
Details of gas management plan (optional)
Environmental monitoring program
Closure and post-closure plan
All permissions / license from concerned authorities.
(ii) Site Reports: The daily, weekly and monthly reports shall comprise of the following:
Weighbridge data (daily inflow and outflow for each vehicle)
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Waste inspection data (daily)
Materials, stores etc. (daily)
Bills/accounts (daily)
Visitor record (daily)
Complaints record from nearby areas (daily
Topographic survey at operating cell (daily/weekly)
Photographic record at operating cell (daily/weekly)
Environmental monitoring data (weekly/monthly)
Waste filling plan and actual progress i.e., cell construction (daily/weekly) and review
(monthly)
Leachate generation and gas generation (weekly/monthly/extreme events)
Weather/climatic data (extreme events)
Accidents etc.
Others.
(iii) Vehicle Inspection:
Each vehicle carrying the waste shall be checked for:
Incoming weight (full)
Outgoing weight (empty)
Available of relevant documents
Visual check at weigh-in (if feasible)
Visual inspection after discharge at tipping area (inspection report to be filed for
each vehicle). A visual inspection checklist must be framed which should list visual
features for identification of unacceptable material. This checklist shall be filled for
every unloading by a vehicle in tipping area at the working cell in the landfill.
7.4.3 Operation during Disposal of Waste into Landfil l Facil ity
At the design stage, the cells of a landfill are clearly demarcated. Operation of a cell
requires planning and execution of daily activities such as daily waste filling plan and
demarcation, waste discharge & inspection, waste placement, waste compaction, daily
covering of waste, prevention of pollution & fires, etc.
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7.4.3.1 DAIL Y WASTE F I LL ING PL AN AND DEM ARCATIO N AT S ITE :
On the completion of a cell and before the start of a new cell, a waste-filling plan for daily
cells shall be evolved. A study of the landfill base contour maps and the final cover levels of
the cell allow such a plan to be developed. If a cell is to be operational for 365 days, all 365
cells must be marked in plan and in sectional drawings. These may require revision as a
landfill is constructed because waste quantities may vary in an unforeseen manner. The
area and height proposed to be filled every day should be demarcated at the site on a daily
or weekly basis using temporary markers or bunds.
7.4.3.1.1 WASTE D I SCHARGE & INSPECT ION
Waste shall be discharged by tipping at the working area of a landfill, within the area
demarcated for the cell. A designated operator shall visually inspect every discharged load.
Working area personnel shall be trained and competent at waste identification in order that
they can recognize waste, which may be non-conforming. In the event of reasonable doubt
as to the waste acceptability, the operator shall inform the waste reception facility and/or
the site manager immediately.
7.4.3.2 WASTE PL ACEMENT (SP R EAD ING ) & COMP ACT ION
Once waste has been discharged it shall be spread in layers and compacted in a well-defined
manner to ensure that the completed slopes of a daily cell are at the designed gradients.
Waste placement (spreading) can be done by the following methods:
Face tipping method: Waste is deposited on top of existing surface and spread
horizontally by tipping over an advancing face.
Inclined layering method (onion skin tipping): Similar to (a) but inclined layering
(gentile slope) done instead of advancing of face.
Working upwards: Waste is deposited on the lower surface and pushed upwards.
It is necessary to level and compact the waste as soon as it is discharged at the working
area. Steel wheeled mobile landfill compactors (smooth / cleared / spiked / special wheels)
are generally accepted as the best equipment for this purpose. They have largely replaced
the small crawler tracked machines, which were previously in general use.
7.4.3.3 POLLUTIO N PRE VENTIO N & SAFE TY DU RI NG OPER ATIO N :
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The following measures are needed to ensure that the landfill operation shall not adversely
affect local environment within and outside the landfill.
Traffic: Heavy lorry traffic shall give rise to nuisance, damage to road surface and
verges and routing problems. The following measures are helpful.
o Routing to avoid residential area.
o Using one-way routes to avoid traffic conflict in narrow roads.
o Carrying out road improvements, for example strengthening or widening
roads, improved provision of footpaths, improvement of sight lines, provision
of passing places, provision of new roads.
o Limiting the number of vehicle movements.
o Restrictions on traffic movement hours, which are staggered with respect to
peak traffic hours.
Noise: Adverse impacts on the local community from noise may arise from a number
of sources including: throughput of vehicles and fixed and mobile plant for example
compactors, generators at the site. Peripheral noise abatement site measures shall
be adopted.
Odor: Offensive odors at landfill sites may emanate from a number of sources,
including waste material, which have decomposed significantly prior to land filling,
leachate and leachate treatment systems, and landfill gas. Good landfill practices
shall greatly reduce general site smell and reduce impact from odors, which could
lead to complaints from the local community, site users and site staff.
Good practice includes: (a) adequate compaction; (b) speedy disposal and burial of
malodorous wastes; (c) effective use of appropriate types of daily cover, (d)
progressive capping and restoration; (e) effective landfill gas management; (f)
effective leachate management and (g) consideration of prevailing wind direction
when planning leachate treatment plants, gas flares, and direction of tipping.
Litter: Poor litter control both on and off site is particularly offensive to neighbors.
Good operational practice shall be adhered to in terms of temporary fencing, waste
discharge, placement, compaction and covering to minimize the occurrence of
windblown litter.
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Bird Control: Birds are attracted to landfill sites in large numbers where sites receive
appreciable amounts to bio wastes. Measures, which can be used to mitigate birds’
nuisance, include good landfill practice, working in small active areas and progressive
prompt covering of waste, together with the use of bird scaring techniques.
Vermin and Other Pests: Landfills have potential to harbor flies, rodents and vermin,
particularly where the waste contains biomaterials. Modern land filling techniques
including prompt emplacement, compaction and covering of wastes in well-defined
cells are effective in the prevention of infestation by rodents and insects.
Dust: Dust from landfill operations is mainly a problem during periods of dry weather
but can also arise from dusty waste as it is tipped. Dust is generally associated with
(a) site preparation and restoration activities, (b) the disposal of waste comprising of
fine particles, for example powders, and (c) traffic dust. Dust suppression can be
effected by (a) limiting vehicle speed; (b) spraying roads with water and (c) spraying
site and powder type waste with water; (d) covering powder type waste with daily
soil cover.
Mud on the Road: Mud on the public highway in one of the most common causes of
public complaint. It is therefore, in the interest of the landfill operator to provide
adequate wheel cleaning facilities to ensure that mud is not carried off site by
vehicles.
Landfill Fire Management: Fires in waste on landfill sites are not uncommon and it is
important for site operators to be aware of the dangers, how to treat fires and to
address the problems associated with them. All fires on-site shall be treated as a
potential emergency and dealt with accordingly.
Landfill Safety Aspects: Training of employees shall include: site safety, first aid and
the handling of dangerous materials where appropriate. Since landfill sites can pose
dangers to both site operator and users, emergency plans shall be laid down. Landfill
sites shall be regarded as potentially hazardous locations and the operator shall have
a written safety plan for the site. Safety hazards present at landfill sites may include;
(a) moving plant and vehicle; (b) steep slopes; (c) bodies of standing water; (d)
contaminated, putrescible, toxic flammable or infective material and (e) noxious,
flammable, toxic or hazardous gas. All employees and visitors to the site shall be
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made aware of the potential hazards and the safety procedures to be implemented
including fire safety.
7.4.4 Closure and Monitoring Plan of Landfil l Facil ity
As each cell is completed and as the final cover level is reached in successive cells, the
following interconnectivities are established:
(a) The leachate collection system of each cell is sequentially connected (if so designed)
The surface water; drainage system at the cover of each cell is sequentially connected (of so
designed)
(b) Upon completion of all cells a final check is made of the proper functioning of all inter
connected systems.
An access road is provided on the landfill cover to enable easy approach for routine
inspection of the landfill cover.
7.4.4.1 POST CLOSURE VEGE TATI VE ST AB IL IZ AT ION (LO NG TERM )
If a landfill cover is intended to be used for a specific purpose e.g. park or vehicle parking
area, then the cover shall be stabilized in such a manner that the end-use is achieved.
However, if no specific end-use is envisaged, then long-term vegetative stabilization shall be
undertaken to return the land to its original and natural vegetative landform.
Vegetation is by far the most common and usually the preferred stabilization option after
closure of landfills. If a self-perpetuating vegetative cover can be established, not only can
wind and water erosion be minimized, but also the landfill can be returned to some
semblance of its original appearance and land use. In favorable climates, re-vegetation may
require only modest effort or may occur by natural process during a reasonably short period
of time. However, in arid climates or a harsh environment, establishment of vegetation may
be a difficult and costly process and alternative techniques may be examined for vegetative
stabilization.
While the specific procedures are unique to each landfill and climatic regime, the following
representative elements of the process shall be adopted in all procedures.
(a) Short-term Vegetation: It is common practice, in both humid and dry environments, to
rely largely on grasses for the primary initial source of short-term land cover. Usually several
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species are included in the initial seeding mixture to increase diversity and reduce the
chance of total community failure. Short-term vegetation is usually assisted by irrigation.
(b) Long-term Vegetation: To achieve the ultimate goal of attaining a self-sustaining and
stable community, a transition between short term and long-term vegetation must occur. In
some cases, this may be left to invasion by native species after short-term vegetation is
assured and soil development is well under way. In other cases – for example, when
irrigation has been used temporarily to establish the short-term community, it may be
necessary or desirable to enhance the natural succession process by replanting with a more
diverse mix of species suited to the next stage of community succession. The need for
artificial enhancement of the successional process shall depend on the success of previous
short-term efforts and on the ultimate intended land use. All vegetation efforts, however,
shall work toward self-generation and minimum management in the long term.
7.4.5 Record Keeping
7.4.5.1 DURI NG CO NST RUC TIO N OF L INE R S AND CO VER S
During the construction of liners and covers, inspection shall be carried by
independent agency / KPCB (or its nominee) at least twice during each cell to ensure
that construction procedures and quality assurance plan are being followed.
Immediately upon the completion of construction of a liner in each cell, the
complete set of construction records and quality control test results as listed in
Chapter –5 shall be provided by the TMC to the KPCB for verification and record
keeping. The same will also be done upon the completion of cover system in each
cell.
7.4.5.2 DURI NG OPE RATIO N
The owner/operator shall monitor and keep a record of the following in the
operation period:
o Functioning of the leachate management system (including levels in leachate
holding tank) (weekly).
o Functioning of the surface water run-off system (weekly)
o Functioning of the gas management system (weekly)
o Waste filling records shall be kept on daily basis.
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o Leachate sampling and monitoring shall be done 1 to 2 times a month. The
results shall be recorded and compared with the permissible limits provided
by the KPCB.
o After a major storm, the occurrence of the storm and functioning of various
systems shall be recorded.
The KPCB (or its nominee) shall inspect all facilities at least twice a year. The
owner/operator shall provide a copy of the environmental monitoring record to the
KPCB on a yearly basis.
7.4.5.3 DURI NG CLO SURE AND POST CLOSURE PERIO D :
Period inspection and routine maintenance at a closed landfill site shall be carried out for a
period of 15 years after closure. The KPCB shall inspect all facilities during the closure and
post closure period at least once a year. The owner/operator shall provide a copy of the
environmental monitoring record to the KPCB once a year. The following components of a
closed landfill shall be inspected visually after landfill closure to confirm that all functional
elements are working satisfactorily and inspection report will be recorded. A maintenance
schedule with specified reporting formats is drawn up after each inspection.
(a) Cover System:
The final cover is inspected 2 to 4 times a year (a) to check that vegetation growth is
occurring satisfactorily and that plants are not showing stunted growth (b) to detect if any
erosion gullies have been formed thereby exposing the barrier layers, (c) to earmark
depressions that may have developed with time and (d) to identify pounding of water on
the landfill cover. At least one inspection shall be carried out during or immediately after
the peak of the monsoon season.
Closed landfills show significant settlement. Rectification measures shall not only re-
establish the initial slope of the cover (for proper surface water run-off) but shall also ensure
that all the components of the landfill cover system continue to perform as originally
envisaged. TMC shall have sufficient equipment and funds to periodically carry out
maintenance work in the form of soil filling, re-grading the cover and re-vegetating the
landfill cap.
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In areas where extensive erosion gully formation is observed, filling of cover material,
regarding of cover slopes and re-vegetation must be routinely undertaken.
(b) Surface Water Drainage System:
The surface water drainage system is also inspected 2 to 4 times a year (i) to identify cracks
in drains due to settlements. (ii) To delineate clogged drains requiring immediate clean up
and (iii) to study the level of deposited soil in the storm water basin and initiate excavation
measures. Broken pipes and extensively cracked drains may require replacement after
filling soil beneath them to establish slopes for gravity flow. In extreme cases where long-
term settlement shall be excessive, it shall become necessary to make sumps and operate
storm water pumps for removal of accumulated water in the drainage system.
(c) Leachate Management Systems:
A weekly operating record of leachate management systems shall be kept in the post-
closure period. Periodic inspection of the leachate collection systems (2 to 4 times a year) is
undertaken to identify broken pipes, leaking gas (if any) and damaged or clogged
wells/sumps. Repair work requires skilled manpower and shall be carried out by the
agencies operating the gas treatment and leachate treatment facilities. One may often have
to install new gas extraction wells and leachate collection wells if the damaged / clogged
facilities are inaccessible and irreparable.
7.4.6 Environmental Monitoring Systems:
Ground water monitoring wells, air quality monitoring systems shall be periodically carried
out to check that all systems are functioning satisfactorily and that well cap sampling ports
are not subjected to damage due to excessive settlement or vandalism.
Environmental monitoring systems have to be maintained during the entire post-closure
period. Wherever possible, monitoring instruments must be periodically re-calibrated.
Sampling devices shall be routinely detoxified and also regularly checked for proper
functioning of the opening and closing of valves or spring-loaded mechanisms.
The activities to be carried out under environmental monitoring plan are as follows:
TABLE 7-7 ACTIVITIES TO BE CARRIED OUT UNDER ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN
Sl. No.
Activities to be Carried Out
Parameters to be Monitored Duration of Monitoring
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Sl. No.
Activities to be Carried Out
Parameters to be Monitored Duration of Monitoring
1 Monitoring of groundwater quality at up and down streams in monitoring wells
pH, TDS, Cl, Sulphates, Nitrates, Total Hardness (as CaCO3), Phenolic Compounds (as C6H5OH), Fe, Zn, As, Cd, Cr6+, Cu, CN, Pb, Hg & Ni
Monthly
2 Monitoring of ambient air quality at landfill
Suspended Particulate matter, CH4, SO2, NH3& CO Bimonthly
3. Monitoring of leachate quality before and after treatment
pH, Turbidity, TDS, TSS, Ammonia Cal Nitrogen, Kjeldahl Nitrogen, CN, Nitrates, Total Hardness (as CaCO3), Cl, F, Sulphates, Kjeldahl N, BOD, COD, Phenolic Compounds (as C6H5OH), Heavy Metals such as, Hg, Pb, Cd, total Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, CN etc.
Monthly during rainy season
4. Monitoring of landfill gas quality CH4, CO2 & CO Monthly
5. Monitoring of surface water quality from drain channel at the exit of landfill
BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, Cl-& Heavy Metals Monthly during rainy season
7.4.7 Post-Closure Criteria:
After closure of the landfill, the owner/operator of the landfill shall maintain the
integrity of the final cover systems including making repair, as necessary to rectify
the settlement, subsidence or erosion of the cover.
After closure of the landfill, the owner/operator shall continue to operate all
leachate, gas and surface water management systems as well as continue
environmental monitoring of the landfill for a period of 15 years or until such time
that harmful leachate is not produced for 5 continuous years.
The landfill shall be abandoned after 15 years of closure, if concentrations of contaminants
in all liquid and gaseous emissions from the landfill are observed to be below prescribed
limits. However, if the emissions continue to be hazardous, the landfill management
strategy shall have to be evolved.
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8 Institutional Aspects and Capacity
Building
The subject of solid waste management has remained neglected for the past several
decades with the result that the level of service is highly inadequate and inefficient. For
improving the solid waste management services it is essential to adopt modern methods of
waste management, have a proper choice of technology, which can work in the given area
successfully. Simultaneously, measures must be taken for institutional strengthening and
internal capacity building so that the efforts made can be sustained over a period of time
and the system put in place can be well managed. Institutional strengthening can be done
by adequately decentralizing the administration, delegating adequate powers at the
decentralized level, by inducting professionals into the administration and providing
adequate training to the existing staff. It will also be necessary to fix work norms for the
work force as well as for supervisory staff and the output expected from the vehicles and
machinery utilized. NGO/private sector participation also needs to be encouraged to make
the service competitive and efficient
8.1 Decentralization of Administration
In the Town of Athani, the SWM services can be performed effectively by decentralization of
administration. The SWM functions are proposed to be decentralized as under:
8.1.1 Ward Level administration
The ward level administration should be fully responsible for ensuring storage of segregated
waste at source, primary collection of waste, street sweeping and taking the waste to bulk
community waste storage sites clearing debris and cleaning surface drains and public
spaces. The cleaning of each street, lane, by-lane, markets and public space should be
regularly supervised by the ward-level supervisors. Qualified supervisors having a diploma
of sanitary inspectors should be appointed as a ward level supervisor and he could be
designated as sanitary sub inspector. He should work under a sanitary inspector who should
supervise at least three wards.
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8.1.2 Town Level Administration
The Town level administration should supervise and support the zonal level administration.
The central SWM department should also be responsible for the procurement of vehicles,
equipment, and land for processing and disposal of waste. As a head office it should take
policy decisions and co-ordinate the activities of all the zones and the wards and be
answerable to the chief executive officer and elected body for the efficient functioning of
the department. It should look after the recruitment of manpower, human resources
development, training etc.
8.2 Delegation of Powers
Authority and responsibility should go hand in hand. For fixing accountability there should
be adequate delegation of fiscal and disciplinary powers to the officers and the supervisory
staff responsible for managing solid waste and carrying out all day-to-day functions
smoothly.
The Head of the SWM department should also have the power to punish subordinates
including supervisory staff. Adequate in-built checks may be introduced to ensure that the
delegated powers are not misused.
8.3 Work Norms
Norms of Work for Street Sweepers
The sweepers may be assigned “Pin point” individual work assignments according to the
density of the area to be swept. The yardsticks given earlier may be adopted.
As per normative standards of GOK one sweeper is allotted for every 1000 M of road length.
The norms of work for the supervisors may also be prescribed and monitored by the
Municipal Council, for the extent of sweeping areas and the number of garbage collection
points to be inspected each day by the various levels of supervisors and inspection of
processing and disposal sites etc. to ensure adequate output of the supervisory staff.
All Supervisory Officers right from sanitary sub-inspectors to Health Officer and Engineer in-
charge of SWM department must remain on the field for 4 hours in the morning between
the time of street sweeping and lunch break. The timings for the middle level supervisor
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could be from 7.00 a.m. to 11.00 a.m. and for senior levels from 8.00 a.m. to 12.00 noon or
8.30 to 12.30 in the morning. The junior level supervisors should supervise them till the end
of the working hours of the street sweepers and transport staff. This supervision will have a
direct impact on the quality of service.
For capacity building of the department, senior officials should be frequently exposed to
developments taking place in various parts of the State and country by sending them out on
Town visits and to attend seminars, workshops and training courses. They should also be
involved in all decision making processes.
The sweepers may be directed to sweep the roads and footpaths in the area allotted to
them as well as to collect the domestic, trade and institutional wastes in their handcart from
the households, shops and establishments situated on the road/street allotted to them. The
above sweeping norms are for cleaning the streets in the first 4 hours of the working day. In
the remaining hours of the day, if there is a continuous 7/8 hours duty, or in the evening
session, if there is broken duty, the sweepers should be assigned pin point work for cleaning
the streets in slums and unauthorized settlements to ensure hygienic conditions in the town
and prevent the problems of health and sanitation arising in such areas.
The roads, which have a central verge or divider, should be considered as two roads. In such
cases, the length of the road allotted for sweeping should be reduced to half or alternatively
separate sweepers may be engaged for sweeping two sides of the road.
Norms of work for supervisors may be prescribed and monitored by the local body for
inspection of sweeping done, clearance of waste storage depots, transportation of waste
carried out, etc. Inspection of processing and disposal sites by various levels of supervisors
may also be prescribed to ensure adequate output of all the supervisory staff.
The first level supervisors could be asked to inspect the work of all the sweepers at least
once in two days. The sanitary sub-inspectors should inspect all the beats twice a week and
the sanitary inspector at least once a week. All temporary waste storage depots must also
be inspected by the same level of supervisors with the same frequency. All Supervisory
Officers right from Sanitary Sub Inspector to Health
Officer/Chief Engineer in-charge of SWM department must remain on the field for 4 hours in
the morning between the time of street sweeping and lunch break. The timings for the
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lower and middle level supervisor should extend beyond the duty hours of the sanitation
workers in the afternoon and evening to verify whether work has been done properly. This
supervision will have a direct impact on the quality of service.
For capacity building of the department, senior officials should be frequently exposed to
developments taking place in various parts of the State/ country by sending them out on
town visits and for attending seminars, workshops and training courses. They should also be
involved in all decision making processes
8.4 Induction of Environmental/Public Health Engineers
The subject of solid waste management, so far being handled by Health Officers (who are
medical doctors), and now needs to be handled by environmental engineers or public health
engineers with the support of mechanical/automobile engineers to handle the workshop
facilities. Qualified engineers should, therefore, be inducted as under.
i. Public Health/Environmental Engineers of the level of Executive Engineer to head
the SWM department.
ii. Qualified Sanitation Diploma holder/Sanitation Officer @ 1 S.O. per Zone.
iii. Qualified Sanitation Diploma holder Sanitary Inspector (S.I.) @ 1 S.I. per 50,000
population.
iv. Qualified sanitation diploma holder Sanitary Sub-inspector. per 25,000
population or part thereof.
8.4.1 Need of Manpower
A. Professionals and supervisors for Collection and Transportation
Sr. No Grade Present Required as per Norm (till 2022*)
1 Environmental Engineers 0 1
2 Sanitation Officer 0 1
3 Sanitary Inspector 1 1
4 Sanitary Sub-inspector 2 2
5 Pourkarmikas 31
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6 Drivers 13
7 Supervisory Staff at DWCC 0 1
8 Security Person at Landfill site 0 1
9 Processing Plant Manager 0 1
*After yr 2022 numbers would require to be updated as per prevailing norms in yr 2022.
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B. Professionals and supervisors.
Sr. No Grade Qualification Experience Number
1 General Manager B. E. 2 -3 years 1
2 Shift In charge Diploma 1 - 2 years 1
3 Mechanic ITI 3 years 1
4 Plant Operator H.S.C. 1 - 2 years 1
5 Chemist B. Sc 1 years 1
6 Accounts Officer B. Com 3 years 1
7 Skilled Worker 2 -3 years 2
8 Semi Skilled Worker 2
9 Un Skilled Worker 4
10 Driver 2 -3 years 4
11 Contracted Labour 6
Total 24
8.5 Human Resource Development
Human Resource development is very essential for internal capacity building for any
organization. Training, motivation, incentives for outstanding service and disincentives for
those who fail to perform are essential for human resources development. Concerted
efforts should be made by the Municipal Council to inculcate among its officers and staff a
sense of pride in the work they do and to motivate them to perform and give their optimum
output to improve the level of services of the Town and the image of the Town Municipal
Council.
8.5.1 Training
Solid Waste Management has been a neglected subject for the past several decades.
Systems have, therefore, not developed to improve the service. Knowledge of new
technology and methods coupled with training at all levels is necessary. No specialized
courses have so far been designed to meet need of different levels of staff. Short and
medium term courses should, therefore, be designed for the sanitation workers and
supervisory staff. Special training and refresher courses may also be conducted as under:-
8.5.2 Special Training to Unqualified Staff
Unqualified supervisory staff should be given in service training to qualify for supervising
sanitation works. They may be sent out for training to the All India Institute of Local Self
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Government or such similar institutions which designs special courses for sanitation
supervisors.
8.5.3 Refresher Courses for All Levels of Staff
Refresher courses should be conducted for the sanitation workers as well as supervisory
staff at least once in every 5 years, or they should be sent for training to get an exposure to
advance in this field.
8.5.4 Exposure to Municipal Commissioner/ Ch ief Executives
It is necessary to give an orientation to the Municipal Commissioners/Chief Executives of the
local bodies and make them aware of this important aspect of Urban Management. They
may therefore be given exposure to SWM through short training programs.
8.5.5 Exposure to Elected Members
Whereas the Municipal Commissioners or the Chief Executives are responsible for day-to-
day affairs of the urban local bodies, the elected members are the policy makers and their
sanctions are essential for any major investments or improvements in SWM services. It is,
therefore, necessary that the members of the elected wing such as the Mayors/Presidents
of the Corporations/Municipalities and other important office bearers of the local bodies
are given appropriate orientation towards the need of modernization of solid waste
management practices in the urban areas and the importance of the same in terms of
health and sanitation in the cities/towns. If these members are given an appropriate
exposure, they would automatically support adequate financing for solid waste
management services and strengthen the hands of chief executives in the implementation
of modern methods of waste management and they would also help in getting public
support through their network of field workers.
8.5.6 Design SWM Courses
SWM courses may be designed and regularly updated for Engineering, Medical and applied
science disciplines. Academic institutions at the national and state levels should be involved
in this exercise by the concerned departments of Central and State Governments
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respectively. The syllabus of the engineering colleges, medical studies as well as sanitary
inspectors’ diploma courses should lay adequate emphasis on solid waste management.
Following Table Summarizes the training requirement for specific category of Solid Waste
Management workers
TABLE 8-1: TRAINING REQUIREMENT FOR MUNICIPAL WORKERS
Sr. No Designation Training Requirement
1 Municipal Commissioner / Chief
Officer / President of ULB
Training on Public Private Partnership, Project Finance
Exposure Visits to Best Practices in MSWM
2 Environment Engineer Training on Staff Management, Operation and
Maintenance of Solid Waste Management Facilities
Exposure Visits to Best Practices in MSWM
3 Sanitary Inspector Training on Collection, Transportation, Processing and
disposal practices of MSWM
Training on IEC Practices
4 Pourkarmikas / Street Sweeping
Workers
Training on Health and Safety during MSWM
8.5.7 Promotional Opportunities
Adequate promotional opportunities should be available in the decentralized SWM
hierarchy to maintain the interest of the supervisory staff to remain in the department.
Special Training to Unqualified Staff
Unqualified supervisory staff should be given in service training to qualify for
supervising sanitation works.
Refresher Courses for Supervisory Staff
Refresher courses should be conducted for the supervisory staff at least every 5
years, or they should be sent for training to get an exposure to advance in this field.
8.6 The Entire Administration of SWM Department to Be Under
One Umbrella
With a view to avoid the problems of lack of coordination and passing of responsibility to
others, it is necessary to have one person exclusively in charge of SWM in the Town. The
overall control in relation to collection, transportation, processing and disposal of all waste,
including workshop facilities, should lie with him. He should also be responsible for the
cleaning of open drains under 24” depth, collection of silt, construction waste and debris
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and vehicle deployment and maintenance. This work should not be left to the Engineering
Department, which should however continue to be responsible for the removal and
transportation of silt from the underground drains, storm water drains or surface drains
exceeding 24” depth, and the left over waste material from their Engineering and major
road works.
8.7 Inter Departmental Co-Ordination
Since the SWM department depends greatly upon the support of various departments of
the Municipal Council, more particularly the Engineering department, the Chief Officer may
hold regular monthly co-ordination meetings to sort out problems faced by the SWM
department such as expeditious repairs of roads, drains, water-supply pipe-lines etc. which
cause hindrance to street and Town cleaning. The reinstatement of roads dug up by utility
services should also be given priority.
The procurement procedures for the SWM equipment also need to be expedited and
simplified in such meetings. A Rate-contract system should replace time consuming
tendering procedures.
There should be an Apex Committee comprised of representatives of various utility services,
headed by the Chief Officer to co-ordinate the laying of underground services in the Town
by various utilities and the reinstatement of the roads as soon as the underground services
are laid. The Apex Committee should ensure that repeated digging of road is avoided for
laying of services by various utilities at time. The works to be carried out by various utilities
on a particular road should be coordinated to prevent frequent digging of roads.
Laying and maintaining of services in slums, provision of public health engineering services
and water supply for public toilets and road construction in the slums to improve overall
health and sanitation in the Town may also be regularly reviewed in the co-ordination
committee meetings.
8.8 Encouragement to NGO’S and Waste Collector Co -Operatives
NGOs may be fully involved in creating public awareness and encouraging public
participation in SWM planning and practice.
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The Municipal Council may also encourage NGOs or co-operative of rag pickers to enter this
field and organize rag pickers in doorstep collection of waste and provide them an
opportunity to improve their working conditions and income. The Municipal Council can
give incentives to NGOs in their effort of organizing rag pickers in primary collection of
recyclable and/or organic waste, and provide financial and logistic support to the extent
possible.
8.8.1 NGO/Private Sector Participation
SWM services are highly labour intensive on account of increased wage structure of the
Government and municipal employees this service is becoming more and more expensive.
Besides, the efficiency of the labour force employed in the Municipal Council is far from
satisfactory. High wage structure and inefficiency of the work force results into steep rise in
the cost of service and yet the people at large are not satisfied with the level of service
being provided by the Municipal Council. Efforts to increase the efficiency by H.R.D. and
institutional strengthening will, to some extent improve the performance but they may not
be enough. It is, therefore, necessary that the Municipal Council seriously consider
augmenting NGO/private sector participation in solid waste management.
Private sector participation or public private partnerships may be considered by Municipal
Council keeping in mind the provisions of the Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act
1970 of the Government of India under which state governments can prohibit contracting
out the services already being provided by the Municipal Council. Therefore, while
considering any measure of privatization it is necessary to keep in mind the provisions of the
above law, the directions that may have been issued by the state government under this law
in those areas which are not prohibited and where Municipal Council is not currently
providing a service. This will check growth in the establishment costs, bring in economy in
expenditure and introduce an element of healthy competition between the private sector
and the public sector in solid waste management services. There should be a right mix of
private sector and public sector participation to ensure that there is no exploitation of
labour as well as of the management.
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NGO/private sector participation can, therefore, be considered in newly developed areas,
under-served areas and particularly in areas where Municipal Council have not been
providing service. Some examples are given below:
NGO/private participation is recommended in the areas of door to door collection of
domestic waste, door to door collection of commercial waste, door to door collection of
hospital waste, hotel waste, construction waste, and yard waste, and in the area of
awareness and creating public participation. The private sector may also be brought in for
the operation and maintenance of compost plants and other treatment plants and O& M of
engineered landfill facility.
Major repairs and maintenance of vehicles at a private garage may also be considered
seriously.
8.8.2 Incentives to the NGO/Private Sector
Solid waste management, processing and disposal are an area where the private sector has
still not shown much interest. The private sector has, therefore, to be given some incentives
by way of long term contract, assured supply of garbage at the plant site, lease of land at
nominal rates for entering this field.
NGO as well as Private sector participation may be encouraged in such a way that it does
not affect the interests of the existing labour; it does not violate the provisions of the above
law, does not exploit the private labour and yet reduces the burden of the Municipal
Council. This will substantially help in improving the quality of service of the Municipal
Council, effect economy in expenditure and also give scope to the private sector to enter
the waste management market.
8.9 Public Awareness and IEC
8.9.1 Introduction
Everyone is concerned with the growing problems of waste disposal in urban areas with the
scarce availability of land for processing and disposal of waste and environmental
remediation measures becoming ever more expensive. It is therefore necessary to not only
think about effective ways and means to process and dispose of the waste that we generate
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each day, it is also essential to seriously consider how to avoid or reduce the generation of
waste in the first place and to consider ways to re-use and recycle the waste, so that the
least quantity of waste needs to be processed and disposed off.
8.9.2 Reduce Reuse Recycle (R-R-R)
In Nippani there is very negligible action on Reduce, Reuse and Recycling of waste. The
quantity of packaging waste material and non-bio-degradable waste is going up alarmingly
every year. This increases the burden on local bodies to deal with the problem of no
biodegradable and non-recyclable components of waste landing up at processing and
disposal sites.
8.9.2.1 REDUCE O F W ASTE BY AL L CONCE RNE D :
All manufacturers producing a variety of domestic and non-domestic products, food as well
as non-food should be persuaded to seriously endeavor to use re-usable packaging
materials so that after the delivery of goods, the packaging materials could be collected
back and used over and over again. They could also consider minimizing or avoiding use of
unnecessary packaging materials by innovative methods.
Incentives & product discount should be given to consumers for the return of packaging or
bottling materials in good condition, to the waste producers or retailers to promote re-use.
The cost of packed articles and article without packaging material could be kept different
with a choice to consumers to take the article without the packaging material at low cost.
8.9.2.2 REUSE :
Efforts should be made to encourage collection of re-usable material through waste
collectors, waste producers, NGOs and private sector instead of allowing reusable waste to
land up on the disposal sites. Bottles, cans, tins, drums and cartons can be reused.
8.9.2.3 RECYCLING :
In this era of excessive packaging materials being used, a lot of recyclable waste material is
generated. All-out efforts are necessary to retrieve recyclable material from the households,
shops and establishments and fed to the recycling industries through intermediaries such as
waste purchasers, waste collectors/NGOs, etc.
8.9.3 Public Participation
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Public participation is the basis for improving the solid waste management. This requires lot
of effort. Public participation is essential in the following activities.
1. Reduce, Reuse & Recycling (R R R) of waste.
2. Not to throw the waste/litter on the streets drains, open spaces, water bodies, etc.
3. Storage of organic/bio-degradable and recyclable waste separately at source.
4. Primary collection of waste
5. Community storage/collection of waste in flats, slums, societies, commercial complexes,
etc. and other waste source generators.
6. Pay adequately for the services provided.
The local body should decide the methodology to be adopted for reaching the community
and seeking their cooperation and effective participation in SWM services. This is a very
difficult area of activity and unless this is done meticulously, desired results will not be
achieved.
The essential steps in this direction is to select representative samples of the community
and go through a consultative process to ascertain the perceptions of the people about the
SWM services being given to them, their expectations and extent to which they are willing
to support and participate in the process. Their choice of technological options available
also needs to be ascertained.
There is a need to interact with the community to identify problems of waste management
through site visits and consultation with local population at the time when the community is
generally available for interaction. It may either be in early morning or late evening. The
areas may be selected by following the method of drawl of representative samples.
Situation analysis may be done by the persons who know the subject reasonably well, know
local language and can communicate with local population effectively. Such persons may be
Non-Governmental Organizations, Community Based Organizations or knowledgeable
individuals. They should try to find out the prevalent situation of waste management in the
area under observation and ascertain the perceptions of the people about the services
provided. In this exercise the local councilors, local leaders, NGOs, etc., may be invited to
participate.
8.9.3.1 F INDI NG OUT OPT IO NAL SOLUTIO NS
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Having identified the deficiencies in the system and known the public perceptions, the next
essential step is to think of optional solutions to tackle the problems, workout the cost
implications and level of public participation needed.
8.9.3.2 CONSULT COMMUNIT Y O N OPTIO NS AV AIL ABLE :
There should be second round of consultative process where the options worked out may
be discussed with the community along with cost implications and their support required.
Their suggestions may be sought on each solution proposed. The community may be
encouraged to give their views. If we ask the people straight away the solutions of the
problems they may not be able to give right kind of suggestions as they have no exposure of
various technological options. Therefore, they must be first appraised of the options
available and then asked to give their considered opinion on what will work in their area and
how much they are willing to cooperate.
8.9.4 IEC & Capacity Building
There is a need for capacity building to promote the concept of waste segregation at source.
A detailed plan for capacity building has to be developed. An overview of the concepts, mass
awareness program involved and training is presented here. A budget for the mass
awareness campaign has been included in the estimates. The success of the segregation
concept is based on the consistent follow up over a long period of time. Multiple
approaches have to be adopted for creating awareness and participation including -
Conducting IEC campaigns
Providing access to repositories of information and resources (e.g. databases,
libraries
and web sites)
Trainings (public, customized or on-line)
Consultation (e.g. coaching, facilitating, expert advice and conducting research)
Publications
Coordinating alliances
Web based forum for interaction among different players
Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaigns are critical for working with
individuals, communities and societies to promote positive behaviors. The IEC strategies
should combine approaches and methods that enable individuals, families, groups,
organizations and communities to play active role in achieving, protecting and sustaining the
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desired behavioral change. Solid Waste Management is an activity in which volunteerism
and public participation are the keys to success. It is not only the technology but public
attitude and behavior that are going to make the difference. A participation model for
implementation of Segregation and a table giving details of activities to be practiced are
presented below.
TABLE 8-2 ACTIVITIES TO BE PRACTICED FOR PARTICIPATION MODEL FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF SEGREGATION
Target Group Area covered in brief
Topics
Elected Representatives- Group 1
General Orientation on: Solid Waste Management- Technical, Institutional, Financial and legal aspects
Technical Aspects: 4R Concept-Reduce, reuse, recover, recycle Institutional Aspects: Collection & Storage Transportation Transfer Stations Role of NGOs/ CBOs Financial Aspects: Budgeting for SWM Cost recovery for SWM services Legal Aspects: MSW(M&H) Rules, 2016 MSWM in Kerala Municipalities Act Byelaw
Mobilization for Action, Human Resource Development
Interactive process for Strategic thinking (by communities, NGOs, professionals& ULB) to prioritize SWM issues and to identify resources to address them. Interactive process for improving the efficiency, effectiveness and the performance of local SWM systems. (iii) Steps for Improving SWM
Senior Officers General Orientation on SWM Plan Preparation and Implementation including technical & technological aspects
Need for Planning-present inadequacies and shortfalls. How to prepare an SWM Plan (preliminaries like quantitative and qualitative survey of MSW , Identification of technology options, community mobilization, facilitating alliances Implementation of SWM Plan Different technology options Role of different players
Financial Management
Budgeting for SWM Cost recovery for SWM Services
Legal Policy aspects
MSW Rules, 2016
Monitoring & What is Monitoring?
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Target Group Area covered in brief
Topics
Evaluation What is Evaluation? Record keeping and Documentation Importance of Monitoring& Evaluation Monitoring Tools
Human Resource Management for SWM
Human resource for SWM- Capacity Assessment Human Resource Development For SWM(developing personal and organizational skills, knowledge, abilities of staff; opportunities for employee training, employee career, performance, coaching, mentoring, succession planning, key employee identification etc. ) Human Resource Management System for SWM(payroll, work time, benefits, recruiting, training, performance
Field Workers Orientation on Effective Collection, Segregation and Transportation of Solid Waste
Different Types of MSW Handling of Hazardous/dangerous items Primary Collection and Transportation Tips for effective collection and transportation
Source: AIILSG Analysis
As part of this project awareness creation has been included with the following objectives.
a) To undertake an awareness campaign to reach about 80,000 household, commercial
establishments and institutions on a door to door basis using Pamphlets and one to
one interaction over a period of 3 months.
b) To undertake a campaign for organizing awareness days at about 150 schools,
educational institutions and other centers across the city.
c) Carrying out 'Waste Management Waste Day Events' once a week for a period of 6
months.
These activities would be carried after the procurement of the vehicles and setting up of the
integrated waste processing management facility with scope for processing segregated
waste and recovering resources from the collected segregated waste. The message in the
IEC would be communicate the action taken by the TMC and the expectations from the
community for ensuring that an segregation based integrated waste management facility
becomes a reality.
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TABLE 8-3 ACTION PLAN FOR IEC
Sr.No. Target Groups
Target Group Details Action Plan
1 Waste Generator
Residential Areas (Women (household), Maids, children and Youths). Commercial Areas (Shopping areas, Vegetable markets, Offices, Hotels, Restaurants). Institutional Areas (Jr. High Schools, Colleges)
Holding locality-wise meetings, seminars, targeted community meetings with self-help groups, through street plays, technical and pictorial presentation along with aware them about health hazards and remedial measures and sanitation improvement. Informing and suggesting them about the segregated waste management and their important role.
2 Waste Collector
Sweepers Rag pickers Waste loaders Truck drivers Landfill supervisors
They all should be involved and sensitize about the need of segregated waste collection and sanitation Improvement. The waste collection, transportation and disposal of the waste in proper timing so that waste could not be overflow. The waste collector should be trained about the collection of segregated waste.
3 Waste Managers
Administrators and supervisors Control and monitoring team Complaint handlers Computer software operators and specialists
Presenting them about the Rules and Regulation and updating them about the ongoing activities and techniques for MSW management. Training programs for the technical staffs Providing the reviews of progress and monitoring activities
4 Leaders Political Leaders (Local MLA, MP) Religious Leaders Community Leaders
These leaders can be motivated to participate actively in promotional efforts of community involvement in segregated solid waste management.
5 School Teachers and Students
Primary Schools Jr. High Schools Public Schools
School teachers can be informed and involved in the segregated solid waste management scheme and can be motivated to educate the children for the sanitary improvement. The students can be educated and trained for the segregated waste management system and they can be great awareness creators for the societies. Some groups of students can be created as monitoring and awareness team for sanitation improvement which will make a great impact on societies and communities.
6 Media Print Media Electronic Media
Launching mass campaign for educating and motivating local communities and families about the need of segregation of Solid Waste and its management for sanitation and hygienic improvement.
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Sr.No. Target Groups
Target Group Details Action Plan
7 Elite groups or social organizations
NGOs, Societies CBOs Sr. citizens Association Rotary Clubs/ Lions Club
Sensitize and motivate local influential people like Sr. citizens, leading businessmen, social club members, NGOs and CBOs etc. to undertake or sponsor such activities for solid waste management for effective strategy of public participation and awareness.
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9 Summary of financial requirement
The summary of financial requirement for proposed Solid Waste Management DPR is given
in this section. It is recommended to set up and operate an efficient solid waste
management system in the town.
9.1 Requirement of Capital Cost
The table below gives details of the financial requirement as capital expenditure for improving efficiency of waste management.
TABLE 9-1 COST ESTIMATE FOR PROPOSED EQUIPMENTS, VEHICLES AND MACHINERY
Vehicles/Equipment 2017 - 22 Cost/ Vehicle Total Cost (Lakhs)
Plastic Bins (2 nos.) for Door-to-door collection
Gross Requirement No.s 21400 available at present No.s 0 To be Procured No.s 21400 Rs. 0.00121 Rs. 25.89
2.0 Cum Box Tipper for Door-to-door collection
Gross Requirement No.s 8 available at present No.s 6 To be Procured No.s 2 Rs. 5.20 Rs. 10.40
Push Carts (6 Bin) for Street sweeping by ULB
Gross Requirement No.s 22 available at present No.s - To be Procured No.s 22 Rs. 0.137 Rs. 3.01
Push Carts (6 Bin) for Door to Door Collection in Congested Areas
Gross Requirement No.s 11 available at present No.s - To be Procured No.s 11 Rs. 0.137 Rs. 1.51
Tractor Trailer for Street Sweeping and C&D
Gross Requirement No.s 2 available at present No.s 2 To be Procured No.s 0 Rs. 7.25 Rs. 0.00
Tractor Trailer for targeted Bulk Waste Collection (Veg Markets and Hotels)
Gross Requirement No.s 1 available at present No.s 1 To be Procured No.s - Rs. 7.25 Rs. 0.00
Jetting and suction machine for Drain Cleaning
Gross Requirement No.s 1 available at present No.s 1 To be Procured No.s - Rs. 32.50 Rs. 0.00
Tractor Trailer at Landfill Site
Gross Requirement No.s 1 available at present No.s 1 To be Procured No.s - Rs. 7.25 Rs. 0.00
Backhoe Loader at Landfill Site 75 HP
Gross Requirement No.s 1 available at present No.s 1 To be Procured No.s 0 Rs. 24.20 Rs. 0.00
Total Rs. 40.82
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
119
TABLE 9-2: ESTIMATED BUDGET EXPENDITURE (IN LAKHS)
Sl. No.
Description Total Estimated Amount
Contingency - 3%
Grand Total
1 Collection & Transport 40.82 1.22 42.04
2 Processing Facility 201.02 6.03 207.06
3 Sanitary Landfill & associated facilities 95.45 2.86 98.31
4 Mechanical Component at Processing Facility 70.81 2.12 72.94
5 Leachate Treatment Cost - {Phytorid Technology 11.20 0.34 11.54
6 Recycling facilities 10.00 0.30 10.30
7 Social Forestry 6.00 0.18 6.18
8 Rainwater Harvesting 2.47 0.07 2.55
9 Dry Waste and E Waste Collection Centre 4.46 0.13 4.60
10 BioMining/BioRemediation 5.00 0.15 5.15
Total Estimated Amount 447.24 13.42 460.66
9.2 Funding Pattern
Particulars Cost (Rs. In lakhs)
GoI share @ 35% of the project cost 161.23
GoK share @ 23.33% of the Project cost 107.47
Committed contribution by ULB @ 30% of Project cost 138.20
Deficit 53.76
Total 460.66
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
120
120
9.3 Detailed BOQ and Estimates
Name of the work : Civil Work for Platform for Composting, Monsoon, Machine Shed @ Athani Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length (m) Width (m)
Height (m) Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
1 Earth work excavation by mechanical means in hard/ordinary soil involving an average horizontal throw upto 2 mtrs and average lift upto 0.5mtrs. Excavated surface levelled and sides neatly dressed etc. the disposed earth to be levelled neatly after the breaking of clods completed as per specification MORTH clause 301 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No.19.2.1 pg.no.142
Cum 1 60 40 0.15 360.0 360 30 10800
2 KSRRB M300-59.1. Loosening of the ground upto a level of 400mm below the sub grade level, watered, graded and compacted in layers ( which includes watering charges and compaction by vibratory roller)Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl No. 19.65, pg.no. 149
Cum 1 60 40 0.15 360.0 360 52 18720
3 KSRRB M400-6.2 Construction of granular sub- base by providing close graded material , spreading in uniform layers with motor grader on prepared surface , mixing by mix in place method by rotavator at OMC and compacting with vibratory power roller to achieve the desired density , complete as per specification.(Grade 2) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle KSRB 20.5.2, pg.no. 155
Cum 1 60 40 0.125 300.0 300 1558 467400
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
121
Name of the work : Civil Work for Platform for Composting, Monsoon, Machine Shed @ Athani Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length (m) Width (m)
Height (m) Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
4 KSRRB M600-1 Construction of dry lean cement concrete mix CC1:5:10 with OPC cement @ 160 Kg, with 25 mm down size graded granite metal coarse aggregate at 0.86 cum and fine aggregates @0.58 Cum Sub-base over a prepared sub-grade with (coarse and fine aggregate conforming to IS : 383) aggregate cement ratio not to exceed 15:1Aggregate gradation after blending to be as per Table 600-1 cement content mot to be less than 160Kg/Cum, optimum moisture content to be determined during trial length construction, concrete strength not to be less than 10 Mpa at 7 days, mixed in a batching plant, transported to site, laid with a paver with electronic sensor, compacting with 8-10 tones vibratory roller, finishing and curing complete as per specifications Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle KSRB 22.1, pg.no. 176
Cum 1 60 40 0.15 360.0 360 3932 1415520
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
122
Name of the work : Civil Work for Platform for Composting, Monsoon, Machine Shed @ Athani Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length (m) Width (m)
Height (m) Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
5 Construction of un-reinforced plain cement concrete pavement (PQC)thickness as per design, over a prepared sub base with OPC cement at 360Kg per cum coarse aggregate @ 0.69cum and fine aggregate @ 0.46cum, with superplastisers @3lts conforming to IS9103-1999 Reaffirmed-2008, mixed in a concrete mixer of not less than 0.6cum capacity and appropriate weigh batcher as per approved mix design, laid in approved fixed side form work (steel channel, laying and fixing of 125 micron thich polythene film, wedges, steel plates including levelling the form work as per drawing) and spreading the concrete with shovels, rackers compacted using needle, screed and plate vibrator and finished in a continuous operation inclusing provision of contraction, expansion, construction and longitudinal joints, including groove cutting charges, joint filler, separation membrane, selent primer, joint sealent, admixtures as approved, curing compound, finishing to lines and grades as per drawing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. 22.6 pg.no.177
Cum 1 60 40 0.2 480.0 480 5836 2801280
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
123
Name of the work : Civil Work for Platform for Composting, Monsoon, Machine Shed @ Athani Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length (m) Width (m)
Height (m) Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
6 KSRB 4.9.2: Providing TMT Fe-500 steel reinforcement for R.C.C. work including straightening, cutting, bending, hooking, placing in position, lapping and/ or welding wherever required, tying with binding wire and anchoring to the adjoining members wherever necessary complete as per design (laps, hooks and wastage shall not be measured and paid) cost of materials, labour, HOM of machinery complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 4.46.2 pg.no.17
Ton 4936 15168 20104 21.1 21 63453 1339433
7 KSRRB M300-55 Construction of Earthen shoulders with approved materials obtained from excavation from departmental land or other sources with all lifts & leads, spreading, grading to required slope and compaction complete as per specifications(Which includes watering charges & compaction by vibratory roller). Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. 19.62 pg.no. 148
2 60 0.5 0.45 27.0 0
2 40 0.5 0.45 18.0 0
Cum 45.0 45 424 19080
Total Amount Rs. 6,072,233
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
124
Name of the work : Civil Work for Monsoon, Machine Shed @ Athani Dimensions 36.1X30 M
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
1 Earth work excavation in hard soil for foundation of structures by mechanical means as per drawing and technical specification, including setting out, construction of shoring and bracing, removal of stumps and other deleterious matter, dressing of sides and bottom, backfilling the excavation earth to the extent required and utilising the remaining earth locally upto 1 km lead.(Depth upto 3 Mts) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 2.23.1 pg.no. 7
Foundation F1 14 2 1.8 1.65 83.2
Foundation F2 7 1.8 1.6 1.65 33.3
Cum 116.4 116.4 56 6479
2 KSRB 4-2.1 Providing and Laying in position plain cement concrete of mix 1:3:6 for Foundation and bedding with OPC cement @ 220 Kgs, with 40 mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.892cum and fine aggregates @0.465 cum machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms. thick, well compacted, in foundation, including cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 4.2 pg.no.12
Foundation F1 14 2 1.8 0.15 7.6
Foundation F2 7 1.8 1.6 0.15 3.0
Cum 10.6 10.6 5637 59667
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
125
Name of the work : Civil Work for Monsoon, Machine Shed @ Athani Dimensions 36.1X30 M
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
3 KSRB 4.2.2 Providing and Laying in position Reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 320 kgs, with 20mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @0.69 cum and fine aggregates @ 0.460 cum, with superplasticisers @ 3 liters conforming to is 9103-1999 reafirmed-2008, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms thick, vibrated for all works in foundation for footings, columns and plinths etc., including the cost of all material, labour, HOM of machinery, compacting, curing complete but excluding the cost of reinforcement as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle KSRB 4.2.2,Sl.No.4.11, pg.no. 13
Foundation F1 14 1.85 1.65 0.45 19.2 0
Foundation F2 7 1.65 1.45 0.45 7.5
Columns upto Plinth Level 21 0.3 0.45 1.525 4.3 0
Cum Total 31.1 31.1 6540 203346
4 KSRB 4.2.8: Providing and laying in position Reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15cms thick, vibrated for beam, Roof slab including cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl.No.4.13, pg.no. 14
Plinth Beam 3 34.49 0.23 0.38 9.0 0
Columns above plinth level 21 0.3 0.45 4.525 12.8 0
Cum Total 21.9 21.9 6473 141581
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
126
Name of the work : Civil Work for Monsoon, Machine Shed @ Athani Dimensions 36.1X30 M
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
5 KSRB 2.3: Filling available excavated earth in sides of foundations upto plinth in layers not exceeding 20 cms. In depth, compacting each deposited layer by ramming after watering with lead upto 50m. and lift upto 1.5 m. including cost of all labour complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl.no. 2.10, pg.no. 6
Foundation F1 14 2 1.8 1.5 75.6
Foundation F2 7 1.8 1.6 1.5 30.2
Filling below Plinth Beam 3 34.49 0.23 0.07 1.67
105.8
Deduction
Foundation F1 14 1.85 1.65 0.45 19.2 0
Foundation F2 7 1.8 1.6 0.45 9.1
Columns upto Plinth Level 21 0.3 0.45 1.525 4.3
32.6
Total 73.2 73.2 133 9763
6 KSRB 4-6.1: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for foundations, footings, bases of Columns for mass concrete including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle,Sl.No.4.28, pg.no. 15
Footing F1 14 7 0.45 44.1 0
Footing F2 7 6.2 0.45 19.5
Columns below plinth 21 1.5 1.525 48.0 0
111.7 111.7 237.3 26499
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
127
Name of the work : Civil Work for Monsoon, Machine Shed @ Athani Dimensions 36.1X30 M
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
7 KSRB 4-6.5: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for columns, pillers, post and struts, square/ rectangular/ polugon in plan including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. 4.6.2Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl.No.4.35, pg.no. 16
Columns above plinth level 21 1.5 4.525 142.5 0
365.9 365.9 384 140605
8 KSRB 4-6.7: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for sides and soffits of beams, beams haunching, cantilever, girders, bressumers and lintels etc not exceeding 1 M in depth including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. 4.6.2Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl.No.4.34, pg.no. 16
Plinth Beam 3 69.44 0.38 79.2 79.2 269 21279
5 KSRB 4.9.2: Providing TMT Fe-500 steel reinforcement for R.C.C. work including straightening, cutting, bending, hooking, placing in position, lapping and/ or welding wherever required, tying with binding wire and anchoring to the adjoining members wherever necessary complete as per design (laps, hooks and wastage shall not be measured and paid) cost of materials, labour, HOM of machinery complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 4.46.2 pg.no.17
Tonne 5.08 5.08 63453 322022
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
128
Name of the work : Civil Work for Monsoon, Machine Shed @ Athani Dimensions 36.1X30 M
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
6 Fabrication supplying and erecting M.S. Angular trusses of all spans as per approved drawing and design. The entire trusses is anchored in RCC column by using 4 nose of M.S. anchor bolts at each support with 10mm thick base plate and shoe plate. The work includes cutting, straightening, placing in position of M.S. angles and welding wherever necessary and applying one coat of red oxide primer coat to all the members including cost of all materials, labour charges, and hire charges of machineries for cutting, welding, grinding and erection equipments, with all lead and lift, transportation, etc., complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl.No. 7.30, pg.no. 41
Kg 26802 26802 128 3433336
7 KSRB 8.3-2 Providing and laying to required line and slope roofing with semi-corrugated (Trafford) asbestos cement sheet 6mm.thick fixed with galvanized iron J or L hooks, bolts and nuts 8mm dia. C.I. plain and bitumen washers, over the existing purlins, rafters and trusses including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl.No.8.6, pg.no. 46
Sqm 4 36.1 5.85 844.7 844.7 414 349469
8 KSRB 8.3-4 Providing and fixing Ridges and hips with asbestos cement sheet roofing with G.I. J or L hooks, bolts and nuts 8 mm. dia. G.I. plain and bitumen washers, serrated or plain wings, adjustable ridges, including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl.No.8.8, pg.no. 46
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
129
Name of the work : Civil Work for Monsoon, Machine Shed @ Athani Dimensions 36.1X30 M
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
M 2 36.1 72.2 72.2 340.2 24562
9 Providing and laying to required line walls with GI sheet fixed with hook, bolts and nuts 8mm. Dia. GI plain and bitumen washers, at the existing angle section including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. As per Market rate
2 33.1 3 198.6
1 30 3 90.0
1 27 3 81.0
Sqm 369.6 370 515 190159
10 KSRB 15-18.1 Applying red lead ready mix priming coat over new steel or other metal surface including preparing the surface after thoroughly cleaning oil, grease, dirt and other foreign matter, and sourced with wire brushes, fine steel wool, sand papers including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 15.73 pg.no.121
Sqm 739.2 739 29 21474
11 KSRB 15-18.2 Providing and applying enamel metal paint two coats (excluding priming coat) over new steel or other metal surface brushing to give an even shed after cleaning oil, grease, dirt and other foreign matter including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 15.74 pg.no.121
Sqm 739.2 739 82 60540
Total Amount Rs. 5,010,780
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
130
Name of the work : Civil Work for Storm Water Gutter @ Athani
Length of Storm Water Gutter 2956 M Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length Width Height
Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
1 Earth work excavation by mechanical means in hard/ordinary soil involving an average horizontal throw upto 2 mtrs and average lift upto 0.5mtrs. Excavated surface levelled and sides neatly dressed etc. the disposed earth to be levelled neatly after the breaking of clods completed as per specification MORTH clause 301 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No.19.2.1 pg.no.142
Cum 1 2956 0.75 0.65 1441.1 1441 32 45393
2 KSRB 4-2.1 Providing and Laying in position plain cement concrete of mix 1:3:6 for Foundation and bedding with OPC cement @ 220 Kgs, with 40 mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.892cum and fine aggregates @0.465 cum machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms. thick, well compacted, in foundation, including cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 4.2 pg.no.12
cum 1 2956 0.75 0.1 221.7 222 5637 1249823
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
131
Name of the work : Civil Work for Storm Water Gutter @ Athani
Length of Storm Water Gutter 2956 M Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length Width Height
Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
3 KSRB 4.2.2 Providing and Laying in position Reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 320 kgs, with 20mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @0.69 cum and fine aggregates @ 0.460 cum, with superplasticisers @ 3 liters conforming to is 9103-1999 reafirmed-2008, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms thick, vibrated for all works in foundation for footings, columns and plinths etc., including the cost of all material, labour, HOM of machinery, compacting, curing complete but excluding the cost of reinforcement as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle KSRB 4.2.2,Sl.No.4.11, pg.no. 13
cum 1 2956 0.65 0.1 192.14 192
2 2956 0.1 0.45 133.02 133
325 6540 2126693
4 KSRB 4.9.2: Providing TMT Fe-500 steel reinforcement for R.C.C. work including straightening, cutting, bending, hooking, placing in position, lapping and/ or welding wherever required, tying with binding wire and anchoring to the adjoining members wherever necessary complete as per design (laps, hooks and wastage shall not be measured and paid) cost of materials, labour, HOM of machinery complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 4.46.2 pg.no.17
3951.68
1868.19
5819.87
6.11 6.11 63452.55 387750
Total Amount Rs. 3,809,658
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
132
Name of the work : Civil Work for Leachate Collection Tank @ Athani Sr
No. Description of Item Unit Total
Qty. No. Length Width Height Qty. Final
Rate Amount
1 Earth work excavation in hard soil for foundation of structures by mechanical means as per drawing and technical specification, including setting out, construction of shoring and bracing, removal of stumps and other deleterious matter, dressing of sides and bottom, backfilling the excavation earth to the extent required and utilising the remaining earth locally upto 1 km lead.(Depth upto 3 Mts) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 2.23.1 pg.no. 7
Cum 68 1 7.2 4.2 2.25 68.04 56 3786
2 KSRB 4-2.1 Providing and Laying in position plain cement concrete of mix 1:3:6 for Foundation and bedding with OPC cement @ 220 Kgs, with 40 mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.892cum and fine aggregates @0.465 cum machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms. thick, well compacted, in foundation, including cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 4.2 pg.no.12
Cum 3 1 7.2 4.2 0.1 3.024 5637 17048
3 KSRB 4.2.8 Providing and Laying in position reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 320kgs, with 20mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.69cum and fine aggregates @ 0.46cum,with superplastisiser @ 3lts conforming to IS9103-1999 Reaffirmed-2008,machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms thick, vibrated for Footing, Retaining walls, return walls, walls(Any thickness), including attached pilasters, bed blocks, etc., including the cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
133
Name of the work : Civil Work for Leachate Collection Tank @ Athani Sr
No. Description of Item Unit Total
Qty. No. Length Width Height Qty. Final
Rate Amount
complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 Belgaum circle, Sl.No.4.13, pg.no. 14
Footing 1 7.2 4.2 0.35 10.58 0
Tank Walls 1 2 6.2 0.2 1.8 4.464 0
Tank Walls 2 2 3.2 0.2 1.8 2.304 0
Cover Slab 1 6.4 3.4 0.125 2.72 0
Hauch 1 2 6 0.007 0.084 0
Hauch 2 2 3 0.007 0.042 0
Cum 20 20.20 6378 128823
4 KSRB 4-6.5: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for columns, pillers, post and struts, square/ rectangular/ polygon in plan including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. 4.6.2Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl.No.4.35, pg.no. 16
Footing 1 22.8 0.35 7.98 0
Tank Walls 1 2 12.8 1.8 46.08 0
Tank Walls 2 2 6.8 1.8 24.48 0
Cover Slab 1 19.6 0.125 2.45 0
Cover Slab sides 2 12.014 24.03 0
Hauch 2 6.014 12.028 0
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
134
Name of the work : Civil Work for Leachate Collection Tank @ Athani Sr
No. Description of Item Unit Total
Qty. No. Length Width Height Qty. Final
Rate Amount
Sqm. 117 117.046 384 44981
5 KSRB 4.9.2: Providing TMT Fe-500 steel reinforcement for R.C.C. work including straightening, cutting, bending, hooking, placing in position, lapping and/ or welding wherever required, tying with binding wire and anchoring to the adjoining members wherever necessary complete as per design (laps, hooks and wastage shall not be measured and paid) cost of materials, labour, HOM of machinery complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 4.46.2 pg.no.17
Tonne 2 2.335 63453 148162
6 Providing Internal Cement Plaster 12mm thick in a single coat in cement mortar 1:4 to brick masonry including rounding off corners wherever required smooth rendering,: providing and removing scaffolding, including cost of materials, labour, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 Belgaum circle Sl. No. 15.10 pg.no.113
Tank Walls 1 2 6.2 1.8 22.32
Tank Walls 2 2 3.2 1.8 11.52
Sqm. 34 33.84 162 5482
Total Amount Rs. 348,281
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
135
Name of the work : Civil Work for Compound Wall @ Athani
Length of Compound Wall 290 M Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
1 KSRB 2.3: Filling available excavated earth in sides of foundations upto plinth in layers not exceeding 20 cms. In depth, compacting each deposited layer by ramming after watering with lead upto 50m. and lift upto 1.5 m. including cost of all labour complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl.no. 2.10, pg.no. 6
Foundation 290 0.8 0.8 0.8 148
Cum 148 148.5 56 8315
2 KSRB 4.2.8: Providing and laying in position Reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15cms thick, vibrated for beam, Roof slab including cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl.No.4.13, pg.no. 14
For Foundation 290 0.8 0.8 0.15 27.84
For Fencing 81 0.36 0.36 0.3 3.13
Cum 30.97 31.0 5637 174589
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
136
Name of the work : Civil Work for Compound Wall @ Athani
Length of Compound Wall 290 M Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
3 KSRB 6-1.3: Providing and constructing Burnt Brick Masonry for Superstructure, with approved quality of non- modular bricks of standard size of class designation 3.5 Newton per sqmm with cement mortar 1:6, including cost of materials, labour charges, scaffolding, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 6.3 pg.no.28
a 290 0.69 0.15 30.015 0
b 290 0.46 0.15 20.0 0
c 290 0.36 0.35 36.54
wall 261.0 0.23 1.8 108.05
column 81 0.36 0.36 1.8 18.79
Deduction of PCC for fencing 81 0.36 0.36 0.3 3.13
Cum Total 210.3 210.3 5466 1149385
4 Providing Internal Cement Plaster 12mm thick in a single coat in cement mortar 1:4 to brick masonry including rounding off corners wherever required smooth rendering,: providing and removing scaffolding, including cost of materials, labour, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 15.10 pg.no.113
Sqm 2 290 1.8 1044 1044 162 169128
5 Angle iron 40x40x6mm Code No. 0019, pg. No. VII Weight /M
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
137
Name of the work : Civil Work for Compound Wall @ Athani
Length of Compound Wall 290 M Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
Kgs 81 0.9 3.5 253.75 254 38 9642.5
6 Providing barbed GI wire fencing of 12x12 gauge drawn into stone pillars or iron pillars including in holes wherever necessary excluding the cost of pillars but including the cost of barbed wire and binding wire etc., complete. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle,Sl.No.37.5, pg.no. 262
M 4 290 1160.0 1160 28 32016
7 Providing and finishing external walls in two coats with waterproof cement paint of approved brand and shade to give an even shade after throughly brooming the surface to remove all dirt and loose powered material, free from mortar drops and other foreign matter including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2015-16 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 15.53.1 pg.no.118
Sqm 2 290.0 1.8 1044.0 1044 69 72036
Total Amount Rs. 1,615,112
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
138
Name of the work : Civil Work for Leachate Collection Drain @ Athani
Length of Leachate Collection Drain 65 M Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty Final Rate Amount
1 Earth work excavation by mechanical means in hard/ordinary soil involving an average horizontal throw upto 2 mtrs and average lift upto 0.5mtrs. Excavated surface levelled and sides neatly dressed etc. the disposed earth to be levelled neatly after the breaking of clods completed as per specification MORTH clause 301 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No.19.2.1 pg.no.142
Cum 65 0.55 0.6 21.45 21 30 644
2 Providing and Laying in position plain cement concrete of M 7.5 using 40 mm down size graded granite / trap metal for haunching of 300mm internal diameter half circular stoneware pipes, concrete machine mixed laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms thick, well compacted, including cost of all materials, labour, HOM of machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. As per Market Rate
M 65 65 65 762 49550
Total Amount Rs. 50,193
Summary of Cost Estimates Sr No Component Cost in Rupees Cost in Lakhs
1 Civil Work for Common Facilities @Athani 2,517,407 25.17
2 Civil Work for Composte, Monsoon, Machine Shed Platform @ Athani 6072233 60.72
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
139
Summary of Cost Estimates Sr No Component Cost in Rupees Cost in Lakhs
3 Civil Work for Monsoon, Machine Shed @ Athani 5128572 51.29
4 Civil Work Storm Water Gutter @ Athani 3809658 38.10
5 Civil Work for Leachate Collection Tank @ Athani 348281 3.48
6 Civil Work for Compound Wall @ Athani 1615112 16.15
7 Leachate Collection Drain 50193 0.50
8 Weigh Bridge 561000 5.61
Total 20,102,456 201.02
Name of the work : Civil Work for Dry Waste Collection Centre at Athani
Area of DWCC 40 Sqm Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
1 Earth work excavation in hard soil for foundation of structures by mechanical means as per drawing and technical specification, including setting out, construction of shoring and bracing, removal of stumps and other deleterious matter, dressing of sides and bottom, backfilling the excavation earth to the extent required and utilising the remaining earth locally upto 1 km lead.(Depth upto 3 Mts) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 2.23.1 pg.no. 7
Foundation 6 0.5 0.5 1 1.5
Cum 1.5 2 56 83
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
140
Name of the work : Civil Work for Dry Waste Collection Centre at Athani
Area of DWCC 40 Sqm Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
3 KSRB 4-2.1 Providing and Laying in position plain cement concrete of mix 1:3:6 for Foundation and bedding with OPC cement @ 220 Kgs, with 40 mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.892cum and fine aggregates @0.465 cum machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms. thick, well compacted, in foundation, including cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 4.2 pg.no.12
Cum 6 0.5 0.5 1 1.5 1.5 5637 8456
2 KSRB 2.3: Filling available excavated earth in sides of foundations upto plinth in layers not exceeding 20 cms. In depth, compacting each deposited layer by ramming after watering with lead upto 50m. and lift upto 1.5 m. including cost of all labour complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl.no. 2.10, pg.no. 6
Filling in plinth 1 5 8 0.3 12 0
Cum 12 12.0 133.35 1600
4 Providing and laying flooring with M15 cement concrete 40 mm thick using broken granite 20 mm and down size laid to line and level in one layer and finish with a floating coat of neat cement, including cost of materials, labour, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 14.8 pg.no.101
Sqm 1 5 8 0 40.0 40.0 333 13320
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
141
Name of the work : Civil Work for Dry Waste Collection Centre at Athani
Area of DWCC 40 Sqm Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
5 Fabrication supplying and erecting M.S. Tubular trusses of all spans as per approved drawing and design with prefabricated steel applications using quality material and are durable, reliable and corrosion and abrasion resistant. Welding shall conform to latest structural welding code. Quality shall be on various parameters like shape, size, design gauge and polish. The entire trusses is anchored in RCC column by using 4 nose of M.S. anchor bolts at each support with 10mm thick base plate and shoe plate. The work includes cutting, straightening, placing in position of M.S. pipes and welding wherever necessary and applying one coat of red oxide primer coat to all the members including cost of all materials, labour charges, and hire charges of machineries for cutting, welding, grinding and erection equipments, with all lead and lift, transportation, etc., complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl.No. 7.29, pg.no. 41
Kg 1610 1610 110 177100
6 Providing and laying to required line walls with GI sheet fixed with hook, bolts and nuts 8mm. Dia. GI plain and bitumen washers, at the existing angle section including cost of materials, labour, complete as per spections. Ref. As per Market rate
Top 1 5 8 40.0 0
Short Side 2 5 3 30.0
Long Side 2 8 3 48.0
Sqm 121.9 122 490 59731
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
142
Name of the work : Civil Work for Dry Waste Collection Centre at Athani
Area of DWCC 40 Sqm Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
7 Providing chain link fencing 50 mm size of 8 gauge properly stretched between existing rectangular poles and fixed with suitable bolts & nuts, the free ends shall be welded to the pole and block pipe at top and bottom as required including cost of all materials, labour, lead and lifts and as per the directions of the Engineer-in charge of the work and including providing 2 coats of approved quality paint over one coat of shop painting. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 37.3pg.no. 262
W1 1 8 1.5 12.0
W2 1 8 1 8.0
W3 2 6.25
12.5
Sqm 32.5 33 657 21353
Total Amount Rs. 281,643
Length of Fencing for DWCC 41 M Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length (m) Width (m)
Height (m)
Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate Amount
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
143
Name of the work : Civil Work for Dry Waste Collection Centre at Athani
Area of DWCC 40 Sqm Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
3 Supplying and fixing M.S. Rectangular poles made out of 2 equal angles of 65x65x6 mm welded together and fixed in CC (1:2:4) with 2 nos 16 mm dia. M.S. hold fast rods each of leangth 25 cms. Including cost of all materials, cutting, bending scaffolding wherever necessary, nicely finishing the welded joints with all lead lifts and as per the directions of the Engineer-in charge of the work and including providing 2 coats of approved quality paint over one coat of shop painting. ( excluding cost of earthwork and concrete ) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 37.2 pg.no. 262
RM 26 3.5 91.0 91 920 83720
4 Providing chain link fencing 50 mm size of 8 gauge properly streched between existing rectangular poles and fixed with suitable bolts & nuts, the free ends shall be welded to the pole and block pipe at top and bottom as required including cost of all materials, labour, lead and lifts and as per the directions of the Engineer-in charge of the work and including providing 2 coats of approved quality paint over one coat of shop painting. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle Sl. No. 37.3pg.no. 262
Sqm 26 2 52.0 52 657 34164
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
144
Name of the work : Civil Work for Dry Waste Collection Centre at Athani
Area of DWCC 40 Sqm Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
5
Providing barbed GI wire fencing of 12x12 gauge drawn into stone pillars or iron pillars including in holes wherever necessary excluding the cost of pillars but including the cost of barbed wire and binding wire etc., complete. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle,Sl.No.37.5, pg.no. 262
M 3 26 78.0 78 28 2153
6 KSRRB M300-8.1. Planting and maintaining of flowering plants and shrubs in central verge MORTH Specification No. 307 (Duranta) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle, Sl.No.19.86, pg.no. 151
M 26 22 579
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
145
Name of the work : Civil Work for Dry Waste Collection Centre at Athani
Area of DWCC 40 Sqm Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
7 Providing and fixing M.S. Gate as per Chief Architect Drawing, using 50mmx50mm 14 gauge M.S. hollow pipe frame work bent to ornamental shape as shown in the drawing and 35mm x 6mm and 16mm x 16mm square rods for verticls alternatively spaced at 4cms c/c in two halves and 40mm x 6mm M.S. flats for horizontal member and at the top cast iron spikes are provided at alternate vertical members as the shown in the drawing etc., complete. All the steel surface should be thoroughly clean free of dust and painted with anti corrosive paint (shop paint) etc., complete. The work includes cost of all materials, labour charges for all items of work, hire charges for welding, cutting and grinding equipment, and electricity charges with lead and lift, loading and unloading charges, etc., complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka circle, Sl.No.7.37, pg.no. 43
Sqm 1 3 1.6 4.8 5 2947 14146
Total Amount Rs. 134,761
Bio-digester Toilet as per SBM Guidelines including fitting, Transport
1 30000 30,000
Total Amount Rs 446,405
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
146
146
9.4 Requirement of Operation and Maintenance cost
The table below gives details of required Operation and Maintenance cost for collection and
transportation of proposed Solid Waste Management System.
TABLE 9-3: REQUIREMENT OF MANPOWER
Man power requirement Required
Collection & Transportation, Street Sweeping and Drain Cleaning
Drivers for Door to door collection - Auto Tipper 8
PKs for door to door collection Auto Tipper 8
PKs for door to door collection Push Cart ( Congested Areas) 11
Drivers for street sweeping and C&D collection (Tractor Trailer) 2
PKs for street sweeping and C&D collection (Tractor Trailer) 6
PKs for street sweeping (Sweeper) 22
Drivers for Tractor Trailer for Bulk Waste Collection 1
PKs for Tractor Trailer for Bulk Waste Collection 3
Driver for Jetting and Suction Machine 1
PK for Jetting and Suction Machine 1
DWCC
Supervisory Staff 1
PK at DWCC 2
Processing Site
Driver for Tractor Trailer and backhoe loader at Landfill site 1
PK for Tractor Trailer at Landfill site 1
Processing Plant Manager at Landfill Site 1
PK at Landfill Site 2
Security Guard 1
TABLE 9-4 O&M COST REQUIREMENT FOR MANPOWER
Total required
Permanent
Contract/ outsource
Salary / month/ person
Monthly expenses
Yearly expenses
Drivers – Auto tippers and Tractor Trailer
12 2 10 12150.6 151,883 1822590
JCB operator 1 0 1 12700.6 15,876 190509
Pourkarmikas 56 18 38 14025.6 666,216 7994592
Supervisor DWCC 1 0 1 14526.6 18,158 217899
Processing Plant Manager at Landfill Site
1 0
1 15765.6 19,707 236484
Security Guard 1 0 1 11204.6 14,006 168069
Total salary of permanent staff (existing) in Lakh Rs.
56.60
Total Salary of Proposed Staff (in Lakhs)
72 52 10630143
Total Salary of Proposed Staff (in Lakhs) in Lakhs Rs.
106.30
Total Salaries of Staff 162.90
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
147
TABLE 9-5 O&M EXPENDITURE
Fuel (Rs. 55/Lit.) No of Vehicles
Fuel required (L/Day)
Monthly expense
Annual Expense
Auto tipper 8 5 72,000 864,000
Tractor Trailer for Street Sweeping 2 8 28,800 345,600
Loaders vehicle at land fill site 2 14 50,400 604,800
Jetting and Suction Machine 1 8 14,400 172,800
Tractor Trailer for Bulk Waste Collection 1 8 14,400 172,800
Bio-culture @ Rs. 60/- per Kg , plus transportation cost. 800 gms per tonne 17,371 208,452
Power consumption No. of Units
Power consumption 100 15,000 180,000
Annual Maintenance Charges - AMC
AMC for Vehicles at 5% of capital cost for Collection and Transport 659,088
AMC for Equipment and Machinery at 5% of capital cost for Mechanical Component at Processing Facility
354,065
Water Charges
Water Supply 15 10 4500 54,000
Baggage and packing cost Lumpsum 5,000 60,000
Transportation Lumpsum 4,000 48,000
Office + Laboratory Supplies and Maintenance Lumpsum 4,000 48,000
Additives Lumpsum 4,000 48,000
Misc Lumpsum 4,000 48,000
Salaries Rs. 1,62,90,143
TOTAL PROPOSED O&M EXPENDITURE Rs. 2,01,57,747
9.5 Revenue from Sale of Compost and User Charges
The sale of compost and requirement of charges to be collected from residential households
and commercial entities to run Solid Waste Management Facility is explained in the table
below.
TABLE 9-6: PROPOSED REVENUE GENERATION
Waste Generators No of Generators
Year 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Population 51708 52380 53059 53747 54442 55146
Total HH / Properties 10700 11021 11352 11692 12043 12404
Non Slum HH Total 8676 8936 9204 9480 9765 10058
Non Slum HH big 2603 2681 2761 2844 2929 3017
Non Slum HH small 6073 6255 6443 6636 6835 7041
Slum HH 2024 2085 2147 2212 2278 2346
Veg. Markets + Marriage Halls 2 2 2 2 2 2
Hotels – big 16 17 17 18 18 19
Hotels - small 49 49 49 49 49 49
Meat shops, Slaughterhouse 11 11 12 12 12 13
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Athani
148
Waste Generators No of Generators
Bulk Generators (a+b+c) 78 79 80 81 81 83
Petty Shops 435 448 461 475 490 504
Institutions 15 15 16 16 17 17
Other Commercials (d+e) 450 464 477 492 506 522
User Charges (Rs / Month)
Non Slum HH big 40 50 60 70 80 90
Non Slum HH small 35 40 45 50 55 60
Slum HH 25 30 35 40 45 50
Veg. Markets + Marriage Halls 300 400 500 600 700 800
Hotels big 250 300 350 400 450 500
Hotels small 150 200 250 300 350 400
Meat shops/Slaughterhouse 100 150 200 250 300 350
Petty Shops 20 30 40 50 60 70
Institutions 100 110 120 130 140 150
Total Recovery from User Charges
Non Slum HH big 0.73 1.17 1.49 1.84 2.23 2.72
Non Slum HH small 1.49 2.19 2.61 3.07 3.57 4.22
Slum HH 0.43 0.55 0.68 0.82 0.97 1.17
Veg. Markets + Marriage Halls 0.005 0.008 0.010 0.012 0.014 0.016
Hotels big 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.10
Hotels small 0.06 0.10 0.12 0.15 0.17 0.20
Meat shops/Slaughterhouse 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Petty Shops 0.07 0.11 0.16 0.20 0.25 0.30
Institutions 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
Total Monthly 2.84 4.21 5.17 6.21 7.35 8.79
Revenue from User Charges (in Lakhs)
34.09 50.54 62.00 74.53 88.15 105.46
Compost Sale
Total Compost Generated (MT/Year)
991 1004 1017 1030 1043 1057
Sale Value of Compost (Rs/ Kg) 2.5 2.5 2.66 2.84 3.02 3.22
Revenue from Sale of Compost 24.77 25.09 27.07 29.20 31.50 33.99
Revenue from Recyclable waste 2.31 2.81 3.80 4.39 5.63 6.34
Total Revenue 61.18 78.44 92.86 108.12 125.28 145.79
O&M Expenses Proposed 201.58 214.68 228.63 243.50 259.32 276.18
Recovery Proposed 30.35% 36.54% 40.62% 44.40% 48.31% 52.79%
9.6 Revenue Proposed
Sl. Description Rs. In Lakhs
1 O&M Expenses Proposed 201.58
2 Revenue by sale of compost and by-products (A) 24.77
3 Revenue by way of User Charges (B) 34.09
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
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149
Sl. Description Rs. In Lakhs
4 Revenue from sale of recyclables (C) 2.31
Total revenue proposed (A + B + C) 61.18
Deficit = Proposed total O&M cost – Proposed total revenue generated 140.40
5. 75% of Proposed PK cost to be obtained from untied grants such as SFC etc. 59.96
6. 100% SFC grant for permanent staff member 56.60
9.7 Breakup of Financial Aspect
Sl.
No. Particulars
Capital Cost (Rs. In Lakhs) O & M
Cost (Rs.
In Lakhs)
Civil
Components
Vehicles &
Machineries
a Door-to-door collection & transportation 37.8 8.64
b Street sweeping & other cleaning activities and
transportation 3.0 5.18
c Dry waste collection centre 4.6 10.3
d Secondary collection & transportation 1.2 1.73
e Waste Processing (Aerobic Composting (organic
waste) Including civil works total capital cost) 207.1 72.94 13.24
f Waste disposal and Leachate treatment 109.9 0.0 7.85
g Bio-mining if considered 5.2
h Salaries for Staff 162.90
i Others (Social Forestry, Rainwater Harvesting etc) 8.7 2.04
335.4 125.3
Total Cost 460.66 201.58
Cost / ton 23.87 Lakhs 2861
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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Annexure 1. Legal Aspects
The legal framework for solid waste management stems from the Municipality Act, the state
policy on solid waste management and the MSW rules 2016 and associates rules. It is
advisable to incorporate in the responsibilities of the various stakeholders to enable
enforcement of proper solid waste management.
The following legal provisions may be incorporated in the ULB by-laws -
Duties of waste generators.-
(1) Every waste generator shall,
(a) segregate and store the waste generated by them in three separate streams namely
bio-degradable, non bio-degradable and domestic hazardous wastes in suitable bins and
handover segregated wastes to authorized waste pickers or waste collectors as per the
direction or notification by the local authorities from time to time;
(b) wrap securely the used sanitary waste like diapers, sanitary pads etc., in the pouches
provided by the manufacturers or brand owners of these products or in a suitable wrapping
material as instructed by the local authorities and shall place the same in the bin meant for
dry waste or non- bio-degradable waste;
(c) store separately construction and demolition waste, as and when generated, in his
own premises and shall dispose off as per the Construction and Demolition Waste
Management Rules, 2016; and
(d) Store horticulture waste and garden waste generated from his premises separately in
his own premises and dispose of as per the directions of the local body from time to time.
(2) No waste generator shall throw, burn or burry the solid waste generated by him, on
streets, open public spaces outside his premises or in the drain or water bodies.
(3) All waste generators shall pay such user fee for solid waste management, as specified
in the bye-laws of the local bodies.
(4) No person shall organize an event or gathering of more than one hundred persons at
any unlicensed place without intimating the local body, at least three working days in
advance and such person or the organizer of such event shall ensure segregation of waste at
source and handing over of segregated waste to waste collector or agency as specified by
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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the local body.
(5) Every street vendor shall keep suitable containers for storage of waste generated
during the course of his activity such as food waste, disposable plates, cups, cans, wrappers,
coconut shells, leftover food, vegetables, fruits, etc., and shall deposit such waste at waste
storage depot or container or vehicle as notified by the local body.
(6) All resident welfare and market associations shall, within one year from the date of
notification of these rules and in partnership with the local body ensure segregation of
waste at source by the generators as prescribed in these rules, facilitate collection of
segregated waste in separate streams, handover recyclable material to either the
authorized waste pickers or the authorized recyclers. The bio-degradable waste shall be
processed, treated and disposed off through composting or bio-methanation within the
premises as far as possible. The residual waste shall be given to the waste collectors or
agency as directed by the local body.
(7) All gated communities and institutions with more than 5,000 sqm area shall, within one
year from the date of notification of these rules and in partnership with the local body,
ensure segregation of waste at source by the generators as prescribed in these rules,
facilitate collection of segregated waste in separate streams, handover recyclable material
to either the authorised waste pickers or the authorized recyclers. The bio-degradable
waste shall be processed, treated and disposed off through composting or bio-methanation
within the premises as far as possible. The residual waste shall be given to the waste
collectors or agency as directed by the local body.
(8) All hotels and restaurants shall, within one year from the date of notification of these
rules and in partnership with the local body ensure segregation of waste at source as
prescribed in these rules, facilitate collection of segregated waste in separate streams,
handover recyclable material to either the authorised waste pickers or the authorised
recyclers. The bio-degradable waste shall be processed, treated and disposed off through
composting or bio-methanation within the premises as far as possible. The residual waste
shall be given to the waste collectors or agency as directed by the local body.
Duties and responsibilities of local authorities and village Panchayats of census towns and
urban agglomerations.-
D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T
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The local authorities and Panchayats shall,-
(a) prepare a solid waste management plan as per state policy and strategy on solid
waste management within six months from the date of notification of state policy and
strategy and submit a copy to respective departments of State Government or Union
territory Administration or agency authorised by the State Government or Union territory
Administration;
(b) arrange for door to door collection of segregated solid waste from all households
including slums and informal settlements, commercial, institutional and other non
residential premises. From multi-storage buildings, large commercial complexes, malls,
housing complexes, etc., this may be collected from the entry gate or any other designated
location;
(c) establish a system to recognise organisations of waste pickers or informal waste
collectors and promote and establish a system for integration of these authorised waste-
pickers and waste collectors to facilitate their participation in solid waste management
including door to door collection of waste;
(d) facilitate formation of Self Help Groups, provide identity cards and thereafter
encourage integration in solid waste management including door to door collection of
waste;
(e) frame bye-laws incorporating the provisions of these rules within one year from the
date of notification of these rules and ensure timely implementation;
(f) prescribe from time to time user fee as deemed appropriate and collect the fee from
the waste generators on its own or through authorised agency;
(g) direct waste generators not to litter i.e throw or dispose of any waste such as paper,
water bottles, liquor bottles, soft drink canes, tetra packs, fruit peel, wrappers, etc., or burn
or burry waste on streets, open public spaces, drains, waste bodies and to segregate the
waste at source as prescribed under these rules and hand over the segregated waste to
authorised the waste pickers or waste collectors authorised by the local body;
(h) setup material recovery facilities or secondary storage facilities with sufficient space
for sorting of recyclable materials to enable informal or authorised waste pickers and waste
collectors to separate recyclables from the waste and provide easy access to waste pickers
and recyclers for collection of segregated recyclable waste such as paper, plastic, metal,
glass, textile from the source of generation or from material recovery facilities; Bins for
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storage of bio-degradable wastes shall be painted green, those for storage of recyclable
wastes shall be printed white and those for storage of other wastes shall be printed black;
(i) direct street sweepers not to burn tree leaves collected from street sweeping and
store them separately and handover to the waste collectors or agency authorised by local
body;
(j) provide training on solid waste management to waste-pickers and waste collectors;
(k) collect waste from vegetable, fruit, flower, meat, poultry and fish market on day to
day basis and promote setting up of decentralised compost plant or bio-methanation plant
at suitable locations in the markets or in the vicinity of markets ensuring hygienic
conditions;
(l) collect separately waste from sweeping of streets, lanes and by-lanes daily, or on
alternate days or twice a week depending on the density of population, commercial activity
and local situation;
(m) transport segregated bio-degradable waste to the processing facilities like compost
plant, bio-methanation plant or any such facility. Preference shall be given for on site
processing of such waste;
(n) transport non-bio-degradable waste to the respective processing facility or material
recovery facilities or secondary storage facility;
(o) involve communities in waste management and promotion of home composting, bio-
gas generation, decentralised processing of waste at community level subject to control of
odour and maintenance of hygienic conditions around the facility;
(p) educate workers including contract workers and supervisors for door to door
collection of segregated waste and
transporting the unmixed waste during primary and secondary transportation to processing
or disposal facility;
(q) ensure that the operator of a facility provides personal protection equipment
including uniform, fluorescent
jacket, hand gloves, raincoats, appropriate foot wear and masks to all workers handling solid
waste and the same are used by the workforce;
(r) frame bye-laws and prescribe criteria for levying of spot fine for persons who litters or
fails to comply with the provisions of these rules and delegate powers to officers or local
bodies to levy spot fines as per the bye laws framed; and
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(s) create public awareness through information, education and communication campaign
and educate the waste generators on the following; namely:-
(i) not to litter
(ii) minimise generation of waste;
(iii) reuse the waste to the extent possible;
(iv) practice segregation of waste into bio–degradable, non-biodegradable (recyclable
and combustible),
(v) practice home composting, vermi-composting, bio-gas generation or community
level composting;
(vi) wrap securely used sanitary waste as and when generated in the pouches provided
by the brand owners or a suitable wrapping as prescribed by the local body and
place the same in the bin meant for non- biodegradable waste;
(vii) storage of segregated waste at source in different bins;
(viii) handover segregated waste to waste pickers, waste collectors, recyclers or
waste collection agencies; and
(ix) pay monthly user fee or charges to waste collectors or local bodies or any other
person authorised by the local body for sustainability of solid waste management.
Legal Provisions related to Solid Waste Management and Sanitation under Karnataka
Municipal Act 1964
Clause Sub clause Provision
75
Compulsory acquisition of land -Whenever a municipal council requires any immovable property for the purposes of this Act, the Government may, at the request of the municipal council procure the acquisition thereof under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, and the immovable property shall be transferred to the municipal council and shall thereafter vest in such council.
Chapter V Obligatory and Discretionary Functions of Municipal Councils
Obligatory functions of municipal councils related to Sanitation –
Clause Sub clause Provision
87 C
cleansing public streets, places and sewers, and all spaces not being private property, which are open to the enjoyment of the public, whether such spaces are vested in the municipal council or not, removing noxious vegetation and abating all public nuisances
e regulating or abating offensive or dangerous trades or practices
r providing covered metallic receptacles and covered metallic receptacles mounted on wheels for use by servants employed by the municipal council for the removal of night soil and rubbish and
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Clause Sub clause Provision
disposing of night-soil and rubbish and, if so required by the Government, preparation of compost manure from such night-soil and rubbish
Discretionary functions of municipal councils related to Sanitation –
Clause Sub clause Provision
91 k
Supplying, constructing and maintaining receptacles, fittings, pipes and other appliances whatsoever on or for the use of private premises for receiving and conducting the sewage thereof into a sewer under the control of the municipal council
Chapter IX Powers and Offences
Powers connected with Drainage and Water Works
Clause Sub clause Provision
193 Municipal control over drains, etc.
194 Powers for making drains
195 Sufficient drainage of houses
196 Power of owners and occupiers of 1[buildings or vacant lands]1 to drain into municipal drains
197 Right to carry drain through land or into drain belonging to other persons
199 Provision of privies, etc
201 Power to close existing private drains
203 Encroachment on municipal drains, etc
206 Power of carrying water mains, etc
Powers for the prevention of nuisance
224 1
Depositing dust, etc. - Whoever deposits or causes or suffers any member of his family or household to deposit any dust, dirt, dung or ashes, or garden, kitchen or stable refuse, or filth of any kind, or any animal matter or any broken glass or earthenware or other rubbish or any other thing that is or may be a nuisance, shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.
2
Except with the permission of the municipal council, disposal of any nightsoil into any sewer, drain, culvert, tunnel, gutter or water-course, same, shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.
225
Discharging sewage, etc - Whoever causes or allows the water of any sink or sewer or any other liquid or other matter which is or which is likely to become offensive, or causes or allows any offensive matter from any sewer or privy to run, drain or be thrown into a surface drain in any street, without the permission in writing of the municipal council or who fails to comply with any condition prescribed in such permission, shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.
227 1 Removal of nightsoil
The municipal council may from time to time fix the hours during which only it shall be lawful to remove any night-soil or other such
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Clause Sub clause Provision
offensive matter.
(b) at any time, whether such hours have been fixed by the municipal council or not,-
(i) uses for any such purpose any cart, carriage, receptacle or vessel not having a covering proper for preventing the escape of the contents thereof and of the stench therefrom, or
(ii) wilfully or negligently slops or spills any such offensive matter in the removal thereof, or
(iii) does not carefully sweep and clean every place in which any such offensive matter has been slopped or spilled, or
(iv) places or sets down in any public place any vessel containing such offensive matter, or
(v) drives or takes or causes to be driven or taken any cart, carriage, receptacle or vessel used for any such purpose as aforesaid through any street or by any route, other than such as shall from time to time be appointed for that purpose by the municipal council by public notice,
shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.
233 1 Provision of bathing facilities -The municipal council may set apart sufficient public places for the purpose of being used as bathing places
234
Fouling water.—Whoever, bathes in any stream, pool, tank, reservoir, well, cistern, conduit and aqueduct belonging to the municipal council, or washes, or causes to be washed therein any animal or anything whatever, or throws, puts or casts or causes to enter therein any animal or anything, shall be punished with fine which may extend to fifty rupees.
235 1
Regulation of washing of clothes by washermen.— The municipal council may, by public notice, prohibit the washing of clothes by washermen in the exercise of their calling, except at such places as it shall appoint for this purpose;
2 The municipal council shall provide suitable places for the exercise
236 1
Abatement of nuisances from wells, etc.— If, in the opinion of the municipal council, any pool, ditch, quarry excavation is or is likely to become a breeding place of mosquitoes or in any other respect a nuisance, the municipal council may, by notice in writing, require the owner thereof to fill up, cover over or drain off
238
Using offensive manure, etc - Whoever, except with the written permission of the municipal council, and in the manner, if any, enjoined in such permission stores or uses nightsoil or other manure or substance emitting an offensive smell shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.
239 Tethering cattle, etc.—Whoever tethers cattle or other animals, or causes or suffers them to be tethered by any member of his family or household, in any public street or place so as to obstruct or
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Clause Sub clause Provision
endanger the public traffic therein, or to cause a nuisance, or who causes or suffers such animals to stray about without a keeper, shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.
240
Feeding animals on filth.—Whoever feeds any animal which is kept for dairy purposes or is intended for human food on excrementitious matter, stable refuse, filth, or other offensive matter, or permits such animal to feed or to be fed on such matter, shall be punished with fine which may extend to fifty rupees.
241 2
Consumption of smoke - (2) If any person shall, after such direction, use or permit to be used, any such furnace not so constructed, supplemented, or altered, or shall so negligently use, or permit to be used, any such furnace that the smoke arising there from shall not be effectually consumed or burnt as far as may be practicable, every person so offending being the owner or occupier of the said works or buildings or being an agent or other person employed by such owner or occupier for managing the same, shall be punished with fine which may extend to fifty rupees and upon any subsequent conviction with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees:
242 iv Prohibition of nuisance.—Whoever, carries meat exposed to public view, shall, be punished with fine which may extend to one hundred rupees
Regulation of markets, sale of goods, etc.
Clause Sub clause Provision
243 2
Licensing markets, slaughter houses and certain businesses - Whoever uses or permits the use of any place contraty to the direction, or without the licence required by sub-section (1), or in contravention of any of the conditions or during the suspension of the licence shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees
244 2
Opening, closing and letting of markets and slaughter houses - Any person who, without the permission or licence of the municipal council, sells or exposes for sale any articles in the said markets, or uses the said slaughter houses, shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.
246
Slaughter houses, etc., beyond municipal limits.—It shall be lawful for the municipal council with the sanction of the Deputy Commissioner, to establish slaughter houses, or places for the disposal of carcasses of animals beyond the limits of the 1[municipal area]1 and all provisions of this Act and of bye-laws in force thereunder relating to such places within municipal limits shall have full force therein, as if such places were within the municipal limits.
Chapter XIII Rules and Bye - Laws
Clause Sub clause Provision
324 1 Power to make bye-laws - Subject to the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder, every municipal council may from time to time make, alter or rescind bye-laws –
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Clause Sub clause Provision
(a) for the regulation and inspection of markets, all public places used for the sale of articles, and slaughter houses and all places used by or for animals which are for sale or hire or the produce of which is sold, and for the proper and clean conduct of business therein, for regulating the sale of fruits, flowers and vegetables, or meat, fish, eggs and animals in the municipal markets or other specified places, and for fixing the rents and other charges to be levied for the use of any of them which belong to the municipal council
(l) for the regulation of advertisements and their display
2 In making any bye-laws under sub-section (1), the municipal council may provide that a contravention thereof shall be punishable,—
5
Every bye-law made by a municipal council under this section shall not have effect until it has been approved by the Government; and every such bye-law shall be submitted to the Government along with a copy of the notice published under sub-section (4) and of every objection or suggestion received with respect to the draft bye-law.
7
Every bye-law as approved by the Government shall be published in the prescribed manner and shall come into force from such date as may be specified by the municipal council and where no date is specified on the date of such publication.
325 1
Power of Government to make model bye-laws and adoption of such bye-laws by municipal councils. –
(1) In respect of any of the matters specified in section 324 the Government may, after previous publication of the draft for not less than one month, make model bye-laws, and such bye-laws may be different for different classes of 1[municipal areas]1. 1. Substituted by Act 36 of 1994 w.e.f. 1.6.1994.
2
A municipal council may by resolution adopt the model bye-laws in respect of any matter, and such bye-laws shall come into force in such 1[municipal area]1 from such date as the municipal council may specify in a notice published in the prescribed manner. 1. Substituted by Act 36 of 1994 w.e.f. 1.6.1994.
3
If a municipal council proposes to adopt the model bye-laws in respect of any matter subject to any modifications, the procedure specified in sub-sections (4), (5) and (6) of section 324 shall be followed as if the modifications were bye-laws proposed to be made by the municipal council. The modifications as approved by the Government shall be published in the prescribed manner and the model bye-laws shall subject to such modifications come into force from such date as may be specified by the municipal council and where no date is specified on the date of such publication.
4
a) The Government may by order direct any municipal council to adopt the model bye-laws in respect of any matter, within such period not being less than three months from the date of receipt of the direction by the municipal council. (b) If the municipal council fails to take any action for adopting the model bye-laws with or
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Clause Sub clause Provision
without modifications, the Government may by notification declare that the said model bye-laws shall come into force in the said 1[municipal area]1 from such date as may be specified in such notification, and such bye-laws shall come into force accordingly. 1. Substituted by Act 36 of 1994 w.e.f. 1.6.1994.
5 The provisions of this section shall have effect notwithstanding anything contained in section 324.
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Annexure 2. Solid Waste Chemical Analysis
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Annexure 3. Waste Generation Estimation
Waste Generation from Households Samples
Daily Survey Report Survey Location Residential (Household)
S.No. Ward No.
Street Name Name of the respondent Weight in kg Average
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Average
1 10 Dhende Galli Anil Jadhav 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6
2 8 ST Stand RameshwarLingan 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
3 10 Dangi Galli GulabZar 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5
4 8 Siddharth Nagar ShashikantPattan 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0
5 9 Siddharth Nagar KavitaGatkamble 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5
6 10 Pendhar Galli ShokatMakandar 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8
7 10 Pendhar Galli Shankar Kallal 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9
8 3 Pendhar Galli ChidanandShuromath 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
9 10 Parshetti Galli G. C. Solapur 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5
10 3 Sank Galli GaouravaHirakal 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0
11 3 Sank Galli Mallikarjun Sank 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8
12 7 Madhin Galli Raju Sale 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0
13 3 Gadyal Galli FarukGadyal 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
14 1 Kajagi Galli ManjulaVhankat 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5
15 2 Kajagi Galli YallavaVyankhatyi 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
16 4 Kagaji Galli SantajiKagaji 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0
17 22 Basav Nagar EshvarBhate 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
18 24 VikramPur Amol Shinde 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0
19 17 KumbharBhavi Galli C. M. Badiger 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5
20 14 Kurbur Galli Raju Mopgar 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0
Total 18.5 18.4 19.5 0.9
Waste Generation from Slum Households Samples
Daily Survey Report Survey Location Residential (Household)
S.No. Ward No.
Street Name Name of the respondent Weight in kg
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Average
1 8 Wadar Galli DurgabaiGadivaddar 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4
2 11 Mulla Galli Asfic Zara 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
3 8 Waddar Galli TipawaGadiwaddar 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0
4 8 Waddar Galli SantobaiGadawadar 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4
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Waste Generation from Slum Households Samples
Daily Survey Report Survey Location Residential (Household)
S.No. Ward No.
Street Name Name of the respondent Weight in kg
5 9 Waddar Galli MuktabaiGadwadar 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
3.3 3.2 3.1 0.6
Waste Generation from Commercial Establishments Samples
Daily Survey Report Survey Location Residential (Household)
S.No. Ward No.
Street Name Name of the respondent Weight in kg
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Average
1 8 Amberkar Nagar DilipShikalgar 2 1.9 2.1 2.0
2 10 Pendhar Galli BanenavajMiraj 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2
3 8 Amberkar Nagar SurajShikalhar 2 2 2 2.0
4 9 Amberkar Nagar SachinKambale 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.5
5 3 Gadyal Galli SafhikMulla 1.9 2 2 2.0
6 8 Madi Galli RagoSawdagar 2 2 2 2.0
7 8 Madi Galli Ramesh Shidagi 2 2.1 2 2.0
8 3 Gadyal Galli MohsimGadyad 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7
9 2 Kagje Galli Samir Shek 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9
10 3 Baagdi Galli MurgeshNendeshwar 1 1.2 1.3 1.2
11 3 Sank Galli Suresh Karoli 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8
12 7 Godali Galli BhimaGodali 1.9 2 2.1 2.0
13 7 Godali Galli DhodibaBhadiger 2 2 1.9 2.0
14 13 Kurbur Galli BrijeshRathode 1 1 1.1 1.0
15 2 Gacchin Galli JaninMulla 2 2 2 2.0
26.9 27.2 27.6 1.8
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Annexure 4. Survey Analysis
HOUSEHOLD SURVEY
ATHANITMC
Questionnaire Format
1. Town
2. Name of Surveyor
3. Name of Town
Nippani CMC
Gokak CMC
Sankeshw ar TMC
Chikkodi TMC
Bailhongal TMC
Saundatti TMC
Ramdurg TMC
Mudalgi TMC
Athani TMC
Khanapur TP
4. Ward Number
5. Locality
6. Date
7. Location of Town
Latitude (decimal degrees, e.g. -42.454):
Longitude (decimal degrees, e.g. 115.55):
Personal Information
8. Name of Respondent
9. Age
10. Highest Educational Qualification of the Family head
Primary Education
Secondary Education
Higher Secondary
Graduate
Post Graduate
11. No of members in the House
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12. Who gives the waste in your house?
Male
Female
Any
13. Age of Person Giving waste
14. At What time are most people at home
in Afternoon from 10am to 1 pm
Morning up to 10 Am
15. Daily Waste Generated in kg
16. Frequency of Door to Door Waste collection
Daily
Weekly
Once in 2 Days
Not Collected
17. Reasons for Door to Door Waste collection not Happening
No one is coming for D2D connection
Our area is not accesible for D2D collection vehicle
I am not at home w hen they come, time does not match
They do not come at a fixed time
Did not know about the system
Not Applicable
18. Do you know what is wet waste and dry waste
Yes
No
19. Do you segregate waste as wet waste & dry waste
Yes
No
20. Why don't you segregated Waste
No time
Do not w ant to /or have separate bins
Get confused on w hat to throw w here
21. If given separate bins will you segregate
Yes
No
22. Do you think your neighborhood is kept clean by the municipality
Yes
they do not collect w aste regularly
they do not sw eep roads properly
People throw garbage on road
23. Are there adequate Municipality container bins in the locality
Yes
No
24. Frequency of Waste Collection from Municipality Container Bin
Tw ice a Day
Daily
Once in 2 Days
Weekly
Randomly
25. Willingness to Pay & Contributions
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26. Do you pay for Solid Waste Management System
Yes
No
27. How much do you pay / month
28. If not paying are you willing to pay for improved Services
Yes
No
29. How much you are willing to pay for improved SWM system / Month
Up to 20
21 to 30
31 to 50
51 to 70
30. Exposure to IEC
31. Do You Own A TV
Yes
No
32. Do you take daily newspaper
Yes
No
33. What Kind of Awareness program do you prefer
Community meeting
Pamphlet
Street plays
Announcements
Advertisements
34. Save Response
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1. The following pie chart depicts the highest educational qualification of the family head
and the percentage.
This chart shows that majority of the population (family heads) have basic primary education
(42%), many have secondary education and are graduates and very few having postgraduate
education (2%).
2. This pie chart depicts the percentage of who gives waste to waste collectors
This chart shows that in majority of the households, the waste is given by the females.
3. This pie chart depicts the percentage of people who are at home at particular time
periods.
In this chart, it is seen that 97% of the population are available up to 10 am to give the
waste, whereas only 3% are not available between 10 am to 1 pm.
4%
15%2%
42%
37%
Highest Educational Qualification of Family
Head
Graduate
Higher Secondary
Post Graduate
Primary Education
Secondary Education
6%
90%
4%
Who Gives Waste in your House
Any
Female
Male
3%
97%
Time when people are at home
in Afternoon from 10am to 1 pm
Morning up to 10 Am
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4. The following chart shows the frequency of door to door waste collection
In majority of the households, namely 66%, the waste is collected on a daily basis and 22%
of the households exists whose waste is not collected via door to door collection.
5. Frequency of people knowing the difference between wet waste and dry waste is
shown in this chart.
It is seen in this chart that 57% of the town’s population know the difference between dry
waste and wet waste.
6. This chart shows the frequency of people who segregate dry and wet waste at
household level.
Out of the above 57% population, 13% people carry out segregation of wet and dry waste
whereas 87% do not segregate the household waste.
66%
22%
6%6%
Frequency of door to door collection
Daily
Not CollectedOnce in 2 Days
43%
57%
Do you know what is wet waste and dry waste
No
Yes
87%
13%
Segregation of wet waste and dry waste
No
Yes
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7. This pie chart depicts the reasons for not segregating waste at household level and
the frequency thence.
Out of the above 87%, when asked the reason for not segregating their household waste, 81
% of the people said that they do not have time for segregation while the remaining either
do not have separate bins or are not fully aware of the difference between dry and wet
waste.
8. This chart shows the frequency of people who are willing to segregate waste if given
separate bins for dry and wet waste.
Of the above population, 54% of the people are ready to segregate wet and dry waste if
provided with separate bins by the municipal council.
9. This chart shows the frequency of people who think that their neighborhood is kept
clean by municipality.
When asked if their respective neighborhoods were kept clean by the municipality, 63% of
the people were of a positive opinion whereas the others said that the waste was not
regularly collected or the roads are not swept properly.
6%
13%
81%
Reasons for not segregating waste
Do not want to /or have separate bins
Get confused on what to throw where
No time
46%
54%
Count of HH who will segregate if given separate bins
No
Yes
17%
10%
10%63%
Is your neighborhood kept clean by municipality
People throw garbage on roadthey do not collect waste regularlythey do not sweep roads properlyYes
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10. Following pie chart depicts the frequency of waste collection from collection bins in
Athani.
58% of the population is of the opinion that the waste from container bins is collected in a
weekly basis.
11. Whether people pay for SWM system is shown in the following pie chart.
The above chart shows that only 6% of the population pays for the current solid waste
management system, whereas 94% do not.
12. This pie chart depicts the amount paid by people for SWM system.
The above chart shows that majority of the people paying for SWM system pay 20 or fewer
rupees (88%).
2%
11%
11%
18%58%
Frequency of Waste Collection from Municipality Container bin
Daily
Once in 2 Days
Randomly
Twice a Day
Weekly
94%
6%
Do you pay for SWM system
No
5%
5%
33%
17%
28%
6%6%
How much do you pay per month
1 2
8 10
15 120
240
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13. This chart shows the frequency of people who are willing to pay (if not already
paying) for improved services.
Out of the people not currently paying for SWM system, 51% are willing to pay, whereas 49
% are not.
14. This chart shows the amount of money that people are willing to pay for improved
services.
Out of the above 51%, 90% of the people are willing to pay 20 rupees or less, 10% are willing
to pay 21 to 30.
15. This chart depicts the frequency of people who receive daily newspapers.
43% of the total population receives daily newspaper, whereas 57% do not.
49%
51%
Are you willing to pay for improved services (if not paying)
No
Yes
10%0%
90%
Amount willing to pay
21 to 30
31 to 50
Up to 20
57%
43%
Do you take daily newspaper
No
Yes
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16. This chart depicts the preferred mode of awareness regarding SWM system and its
importance.
The above chart shows that majority of the people (63%) prefer advertisement as a medium
of awareness, 26% prefer advertisements as well as announcements whereas the others
prefer an assortment of ways such as pamphlets, street plays, etc.
63%
1%
26%
0%
1%
0%
1%2%
0%0%
0%
5%
1%
Preferred awareness programme
Advertisements
Announcements
Announcements|Advertisements
Community meeting|Advertisements
Community meeting|Announcements|Advertisements
Community meeting|Pamphlet|Advertisements
Pamphlet|Advertisements
Pamphlet|Announcements
Pamphlet|Announcements|Advertisements
Street plays
Street plays|Advertisements
Street plays|Announcements
Street plays|Announcements|Advertisements
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Annexure 5. Existing and Proposed Route
Map for Collection and Transport Vehicles
GIS Based Route Optimization
In the MSWM DPR the digital base map are prepared. The roads are depicted as road
centerlines and respective road flanks as per their widths. The actual physical marking of the
routes of the vehicles is done on the base maps. These digital base-map are used as the
input and optimum routes have been identified for Solid Waste collection for door to door
household level.
The digital base map of TMC shows the road network, building footprints, waste dumping
site, and location of bulk generators. The road network comprises of road centerlines and
the road flanks (marked as per the road widths).
For the purpose of optimum route identification, initially all the road junctions (nodes, to be
treated as garbage collection points) are marked. This was followed by manual selection of
nodes to be retained as garbage collection point and discarding the others. The selection of
nodes was based upon the density of buildings in the zone under consideration.
Optimum route for Solid Waste collection was identified using ESRI’s Network Analyst
extension of ArcView GIS. This extension helps the user to use the networks more
efficiently. It gives the facility to find the best route to get from one location to another, or
the best way to visit several locations. It allows the user to either decide the order in which
the locations are to be visited, or the Network Analyst can find the best visiting sequence.
Network Analyst used Direction and Resistance as the minimum parameters for finding the
optimum route. As of now, all the roads have been marked as one way roads or
Bidirectional roads on basis of actual site scenario and the length of individual road segment
as the resistance. Thus, for given source and destination with intermediate nodes to be
visited, Network Analyst finds the existing connectivity and selects the geometrically
shortest route as the ‘Optimum Path’.
Garbage collection typically follows the sequence: from node to dumping site. The optimum
route is identified for Solid Waste collection from nodes. The existing routes and proposed
optimized routes for Solid Waste Collection are presented below.
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Annexure 6. Designs for proposed Waste
Processing facility
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Annexure 7. Machine, Equipment and
Vehicle Specifications
Machine and Equipment Specifications
Municipal Solid waste Processing plant
Coarse Segregation Trommel 35
This is a rotary screen which separates material on the basis of overall size. Trommel-35 rejects all material having overall size above 35 mm and all undersized material is forwarded to next equipment.
Technical Data
Structure : Various rolled steel sections
Viz. ISMC150, ISMC125,
ISMC100, ISMC75 ISA50, etc.
Covers : M.S. sheet 10 , 12 & 14 SWG
Drive: Friction Drive ( Tyre type)
Motor : Hydraulic ( Radial Piston type)
Tyre: Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller type
Screen : M.S.- 7 SWG with punched hole of 35 mm
Ring: Fabricated, Heavy duty.
Surface : Blasting & Pickling
Primer : Epoxy Primer
Paint : Epoxy Paint
Hyd. Line : 20mm, High Pressure
Length – L – 4.5 m
Width – W – 1.8 m
Height – H – 4.5 m
[ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]
DYNAMICS
Drive mode : Hydraulic *
Power Reqd : (PP- II) ^
Speed : 9 RPM
Capacity : 6.5 TPH (Intake)
* Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3
^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)
Salient Features :
(1) Fully covered with heavy duty dust covers. (2) Easily replaceable screens. (3) Spiral flights to move material faster and prevent choking.
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Municipal Solid waste Processing plant
Coarse Segregation Conveyor - Process 35
This special conveyor is meant to take material coming through the screens of Trommel-35 and feed that material to Trommel - 14. This conveyor is of Chain belt type & is specially designed to meet requirements of MSW management’s plants.
Technical Data
Structure : Various rolled steel sections
Viz. ISMC125, ISMC100,
ISMC75, ISA50, etc.
Covers : M.S. sheet 14 SWG
Gear Box : Worm reduction Gearbox
Motor : Hydraulic ( G-Rotor type)
Chain : Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller type 3” pitch
Belt : 450 mm wide, 3 ply
8mm thick Rubberized
Sprockets: 3” pitch. Hardened
Surface : Blasting & Pickling
Primer : Epoxy Primer
Paint : Epoxy Paint
Hyd. Line : 20mm, High Pressure
Length – L – 6.6 m
Width – W – 0.8 m
Height – H – 3 m
[ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]
DYNAMICS
Drive mode : Hydraulic *
Power Reqd : (PP- II) ^
Speed : 12 MPM
Capacity : 6.5 TPH(Intake)
* Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3
^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)
Salient Features :
(1) Typical ‘Z’ shaped Design. (2) All steel used in manufacturing of equipment confirms to IS: 2062.
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Municipal Solid waste Processing plant
Coarse Segregation Conveyor -reject 35
Reject – 35 serves the purpose of removing all oversize refuge of Trommel – 35, off the process line. This conveyor is of chain belt type and is especially designed to handle bulky and irregular shaped material.
Technical Data
Structure : Various rolled steel sections
Viz. ISMC125, ISMC100,
ISMC75, ISA50, etc.
Covers : M.S. sheet 12 & 14 SWG
Gear Box : Shaft mounted( SGR)
Motor : Hydraulic ( G-Rotor type)
Chain : Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller type 3” pitch
Belt : 450 mm wide, 3 ply
8mm thick Rubberized
Sprockets: 3” pitch. Hardened
Surface : Blasting & Pickling
Primer : Epoxy Primer
Paint : Epoxy Paint
Hyd. Line : 20mm, High Pressure
Length – L – 6.6 m
Width – W – 0.8 m
Height – H – 3 m
[ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]
DYNAMICS
Drive mode : Hydraulic *
Power Reqd : (PP- II) ^
Speed : 12 MPM
Capacity : 3 TPH(Intake)
* Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3
^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)
Salient Features :
Speed variation is possible.
(1) Shaft mounted gearbox eliminates chances of misalignment. (2) All steel used in manufacturing of equipment confirms to IS: 2062.
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Municipal Solid waste Processing plant
Coarse Segregation Trommel 14
This is a rotary screen which separates material on the basis of overall size. Trommel-14 rejects all material having overall size above 14 mm and all undersized material is forwarded to next equipment. The output of Trommel-14 is semi furnished organic manure.
Technical Data
Structure : Various rolled steel sections
Viz. ISMC150, ISMC125,
ISMC100, ISMC75 ISA50, etc.
Covers : M.S. sheet 10 , 12 & 14 SWG
Drive: Friction Drive ( Tyre type)
Motor : Hydraulic ( Radial Piston type)
Tyre: Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller type
Screen : M.S.- 7 SWG with punched hole of 35 mm
Ring: Fabricated, Heavy duty.
Surface : Blasting & Pickling
Primer : Epoxy Primer
Paint : Epoxy Paint
Hyd. Line : 20mm, High Pressure
Length – L – 4.5 m
Width – W – 1.8 m
Height – H – 4.5 m
[ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]
DYNAMICS
Drive mode : Hydraulic *
Power Reqd : (PP- II) ^
Speed : 9 RPM
Capacity : 6.5 TPH (Intake)
* Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3
^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)
Salient Features :
(1) Fully covered with heavy duty dust covers. (2) Easily replaceable screens. (3) Spiral flights to move material faster and prevent choking.
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Municipal Solid waste Processing plant
Coarse Segregation Transfer Conveyor
Transfer conveyor is meant to take material coming through screens of Trommel – 14 and drop the material in Semi-finish godown. This conveyor is of Chain belt type & is specifically designed to meet requirements of MSW management plants.
Technical Data
Structure : Various rolled steel sections
Viz. ISMC125, ISMC100,
ISMC75, ISA50, etc.
Covers : M.S. sheet12 &14 SWG
Gear Box : Worm reduction Gearbox
Motor : Hydraulic ( Radial Piston type)
Chain : Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller type 3” pitch
Belt : 650 mm wide, 3 ply
8mm thick Rubberized
Sprockets: 3” pitch. Hardened
Surface : Blasting & Pickling
Primer : Epoxy Primer
Paint : Epoxy Paint
Hyd. Line : 20mm, High Pressure
Length – L – 10 m
Width – W – 0.8 m
Height – H – 3 m
[ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]
DYNAMICS
Drive mode : Hydraulic *
Power Reqd : (PP- II) ^
Speed : 12 MPM
Capacity : 6.5 TPH(Intake)
* Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3
^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)
Salient Features :
(1) Typical ‘L’ shaped Design with special guide to prevent side shift. (2) Length & discharge height can be altered as per site conditions.
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Municipal Solid waste Processing plant
Coarse Segregation Conveyor -reject 14
Reject – 14 serves the purpose of removing all oversize refuge of Trommel – 14, off the process line. This conveyor is of chain belt type and is especially designed to handle bulky and irregular shaped material.
Technical Data
Structure : Various rolled steel sections
Viz. ISMC150, ISMC125,
ISMC100, ISMC75 ISA50, etc.
Covers : M.S. sheet 10 , 12 & 14 SWG
Drive: Friction Drive ( Tyre type)
Motor : Hydraulic ( G rotor type)
Chain: Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller type with 3” pitch
Screen : M.S.- 7 SWG with punched hole of 35 mm
Ring: Fabricated, Heavy duty.
Surface : Blasting & Pickling
Primer : Epoxy Primer
Paint : Epoxy Paint
Hyd. Line : 20mm, High Pressure
Length – L – 4.5 m
Width – W – 1.8 m
Height – H – 4.5 m
[ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]
DYNAMICS
Drive mode : Hydraulic *
Power Reqd : (PP- II) ^
Speed : 12 MPM
Capacity : 2 TPH (Intake)
* Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3
^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)
Salient Features :
(1) Fully covered with heavy duty dust covers. (2) Easily replaceable screens. (3) Spiral flights to move material faster and prevent choking.
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Municipal Solid waste Processing plant
Refinement Section Finishing Reject Conveyor
This conveyor serves the purpose of removing all oversize refuge of Rotary screen, off the process line. This conveyor is of chain belt type and is especially designed for handling MSW Handling Plant.
Technical Data
Structure : Various rolled steel sections
Viz. ISMC150, ISMC125,
ISMC100, ISMC75 ISA50, etc.
Covers: M.S. sheet. 12 & 14 SWG
Gear Box: Worn Reduction Gearbox
Motor : Electrical
Chain : Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller type with 3”pitch
Belt : 450 mm, Wide, 2Ply
8mm thick, Rubberized
Sprockets: 3” pitch.
Surface : Blasting & Pickling
Primer : Epoxy Primer
Paint : Epoxy Paint
Length – L – 6 m
Width – W – 0.8 m
Height – H – 2.3 m
[ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]
DYNAMICS
Drive mode : Electrical
Power Reqd. : 3HP
Speed : 12 MPM
Capacity : 2 TPH (Intake)
* Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3
^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)
Salient Features :
(1) Length and Discharge height can be varied, depending on site conditions. (2) All steel used in manufacturing of equipment confirms to IS:2062
Trommel 04
a) Process To rotate the dry waste into Screening Compartment. Screening & Dropping the items below 4 mm on the Discharge Conveyor for processing Rejecting and Dropping the oversized material more than 4 mm on Rejecting Conveyor
b) Capacity 6.5 tons per hour
c) Material of Construction M.S. Fabricated body. Corrosion resistant paint.
d) Electric Drive 10 HP Electric Motor, 3 phase, With suitable Reduction Gear Box.
e)
Drive Fiction Drive (Tyre Type) Heavy Duty Chain Sprocket Heavy Duty Support Rollers 4 Nos. and
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Thrust Rollers 2 Nos.
f) Screen Holes M.S. Screen 3 mm thick (10 SWG) with Punched holes Dia 4 mm
g) Screen Size Screen Size Dia 1000 mm x 3500 mm
h) Screening Compartment Spiral Flights to move material faster and prevent chocking.
i) Control Panel On / Off with suitable Dual Contactors
Municipal Solid waste Processing plant
Hydraulic System
Hydraulic system is meant to run all Hydraulic motor driven equipment’s. It consists of Power Pack which convert electrical energy into Hydraulic energy, which in turn is connected to all the equipment’s. Hydraulically driven equipment’s supersede electrical driven performance, speed control and hazard management.
Technical Data
Power Packs Two
(a) P.P. I – 15 H.P. (b) P.P. II – 15 H.P.
Drive: Electrical
Manifold: Specially designed, MS
Pump : Twin Stage, Heavy Duty (3090 / 3070)
Motors : Radial Piston & Orbit
Line : Heavy Duty 20 mm
Cooling : Forced water circulation in
Cooling tank through radiator.
Controls: Local push button type control panel for each 20 H.P unit
Reservoir: M.S. fabricated, 400lt oil capacity
Working : Servo system 68
fluid
Salient Features :
(1) Cooling coil made from Cu to give better cooling. (2) All controls at push button type control panel. (3) All steel used in manufacturing of equipment confirms to IS:2062
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Municipal Solid waste Processing plant
Control System
This is a rotary screen which separates material on the basis of overall size. Trommel-14 rejects all material having overall size above 14 mm and all undersized material is forwarded to next equipment. The output of Trommel-14 is semi furnished organic manure.
Technical Data Body : All MS as per IS : 2062
Sheet 12 & 14 swg, ISMC100, ISMC75 ISA50, etc.
Control element : All Standard as L&T Siemen etc & electrical accessories Primer: Epoxy Primer Color: Epoxy Paint Enclosure: As per IPSS Display : Temp, Voltage , On ,
Off Mimic display
[ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]
Salient Features : (1) All Switches / relays of standard & reputed make. (2) Rigid enclosure as per specifications with facility of cabinet light. (3) Emergency shut off switch at various locations.
Backhoe Loader Pallet Trucks
Bag stitching machine Weight Machine (100 kg)
40 ft Conveyor System for output of 4mm compost Technical Specification: For 40 ft. Conveyor system
Sr. No. Particulars Details
1 Motor 2 HP Geared Motor, Foot Mounted, O/p RPM: 51 RPM
2 Conveyor Belt 600X3plyX3mm Top X1.5 mm Bottom X5mm Nominal X CMR Grade.
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3 Idlers 8 No’s
4 Return Rolls 4 No’s
5 Side Guides 4 No’s or as needed.
6 Height of Conveyor Stand 24 Inches.
Bailing Machine Technical Specification: Bailing Machine Double box
Capacity 25 Ton (Double Box)
Bale Size 30 (L) x 27 (W)x 14 (H) Inch
Bale Weight 50 to 80 kg
Platform Size 30 (L) x 27 (W)x 25 (H) Inch
No. of Cylinder 1 Nos.
Cylinder Size 140*90*1000 (Stroke) mm
Oil Tank Capacity 80 Liters. (oil is to be Brought by Buyer)
Production Rates 10 min. per Bale
Hydraulic System 32 Liters. (B series Gear pump)
Day Light Gap 47 Inch
Operation Hand lever operate
Electric Motor 7.5 HP (3 Phase)
Machine Weight (Approx.) Approx 1700 Kgs
Overall Dimension 96x36x105 Inch
Body Plate 9 + 35 mm
HDPE SMOOTH GEOMEMBRANE LINER OF 1500 MICRONS
PROPERTY TEST METHOD VALUES
Minimum average values
Thickness - mm ASTM D 5199 1.5
Density - g/cm3 ASTM D 1505 0.94
Tensile Properties ( Each direction ) ASTM D 6693
Strength at yield - N/mm width Type IV Specimen 25
Strength at break- N/mm width @ 50 mm /min 52
Elongation at yield - % G.L. 33 mm 15
Elongation at break - % G.L. 50 mm 800
Tear Resistance - N ASTM D 1004 222
Puncture Resistance – N ASTM D 4833 400
Carbon Black Content - % ASTM D 1603 2.3
Carbon Black Dispersion ASTM D 3015 A1 / A2
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Vehicle Specifications –
1. TATA Ace BS4 Tipper – 2.0 Cum ACE Box Tipper BS4 Tipper with compartments.
2. Tractor Trailer – 40 HP tractor with 3 Ton Trailer
3. Backhoe Loader – ACE AX130, 2WD, 76 HP Engine, Standard Tyre, Excv Bucket : 0.24
Cu.m, loader Bucket : 1.00 Cu.m
4. Jetting & Suction Machine - Chassis Mounted 3000L sucking cum jetting machine
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Annexure 8. Normative Standards for
Municipal Solid Waste Management
Government of Karnataka
Directorate of Municipal Administration
Normative standards for Municipal Solid Waste Management
Name of the SWM Tools, Equipment and
Vehicles Unit requirements per annum Unit Manpower required
Door to door collection
One command area = 1000 house holds / shops
Push carts with 6 bins 1 no. for 200 households / Shops 1 per pushcart
Tricycle with 8 bins 1 no. for 250 households / Shops 1 per tricycle
Auto Tipper 1 no. for 1000 households / Shops 1 driver + 1 helper per auto
tipper
Street Sweeping
Brooms 4 nos for each sweeper 1 sweeper for every 1000 m of road length
Pushcarts 1 no for every 2 workers
Metal Tray/
Metal plate
2 nos for every sweeper
Ghamela 1 no for every loaders/sweepers
Hand gloves 4 sets for every loader/sweeper
Face mask 2 nos for every worker
Gum boots 1 set for every worker
Uniforms 2 sets for each worker
Tractor trailers 1 no. for every 25 Kms of street sweeping with 7 years of life
1 driver + 3 loaders (2 to 3 trips/day, 2.0-2.5 tons per trip, 200 Kgs to 300 Kgs of waste / Km )
Tipper Trucks 1 no. for every 40 Kms of street sweeping with 7 years of life
1 Driver+ 4 loaders (2 to 3 trips/day, 4.0-4.5 tons per trip, 200 Kgs to 300 Kgs of waste / Km)
Secondary Collection & Transportation
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3.0 cum Containers
(1.2 Tons Cap.)
1 Container for every 1000 households or approx. for 1.0 ton of waste which ever is higher
4.5 cum Containers
(1.8 Tons Cap.)
1 Container for every 1500 households or approx. 1.6 tons of waste which ever is higher
Twin Container Dumper Placer
1 no. for every 10 to 14 nos of 3.0 / 4.5 Cum Containers – 5 to 7 trips a day
1 Driver + 1 Helper
Cleaning of Markets/Slaughter Houses
Tools & Equipment as same as street sweeping
Requirements are as same as street sweeping
1 worker / 400 m2 area, for two time cleaning everyday
Tractor trailers 1 no. for every 6 to 8 tons of waste, 3 to 4 trips a day
1 driver + 3 loaders
Unloading distance is less than 10 Kms,
Tipper Truck 1 no. for every 10 to 14 tons of waste,
3 to 4 trips a day
1 driver + 4 loaders
Unloading distance is more than 10 Kms,
Commissioner
Directorate of Municipal Administration
Bangalore
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Annexure 9. Office Memorandum for GOI
share
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Annexure 10. Minimum Wages Act GOK
2017
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Annexure 11. Quotations