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Detailed Cross Sections of the Eocene Green River Formation along the North and East Margins of the Piceance Basin, Western Colorado, Using Measured Sections and Drill Hole Information
Scientific Investigations Map 3276
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
Front cover. Green River Formation at the mouth of Yellow Creek in the northern Piceance Basin. Yellow Creek is one of the measured sections on sheet 1. Photograph by R.C. Johnson, 2007.
Detailed Cross Sections of the Eocene Green River Formation along the North and East Margins of the Piceance Basin, Western Colorado, Using Measured Sections and Drill Hole Information
By Ronald C. Johnson
Pamphlet to accompany Scientific Investigations Map 3276
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the InteriorSALLY JEWELL, Secretary
U.S. Geological SurveySuzette M. Kimball, Acting Director
U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2014
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Suggested citation:Johnson, R.C., 2014, Detailed cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation along the north and east margins of the Piceance Basin, western Colorado, using measured sections and drill hole information: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3276, 11 p., 2 sheets, http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3276.
ISSN 2329-132X (online)
iii
Contents
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1Stratigraphic Subdivisions of the Green River Formation .......................................................................1Constructing the Detailed Cross Sections .................................................................................................3References Cited..........................................................................................................................................10
Figures 1. Map showing extent of Uinta, Piceance, and Greater Green River Basins and approximate extent of oil shale in the Green River Formation..............................................2 2. Cross section showing oil-yield histograms, members of the Eocene Green River Formation, correlation of rich- and lean-oil shale zones, and stages in the evolution of Lake Uinta.. ................................................................................................................................4 3. East-west cross section through the Piceance Basin, the Douglas Creek arch, and the eastern part of the Uinta Basin showing member subdivisions and stages of Lake Uinta... ...............................................................................................................................6 4. North-south cross section through the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado, showing member subdivisions and stages of Lake Uinta. .....................................................8
Sheets 1. Cross section A–A’ of the Eocene Green River Formation along the north margin of the Piceance Basin, western Colorado ........................................................................... link 2. Cross section B–B’ of the Eocene Green River Formation along the east margin of the Piceance Basin, western Colorado ........................................................................... link
iv
Multiply By To obtain
Lengthfoot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)
Volumegallon (gal) 3.785 liter (L)
Masston, short (2,000 lb) 0.9072 megagram (Mg)
Conversion Factors
Inch/Pound to SI
Multiply By To obtain
Length
meter (m) 3.281 foot (ft) kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile (mi)
Volume
liter (L) 0.2642 gallon (gal)
Mass
megagram (Mg) 1.102 ton, short (2,000 lb)
Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.
SI to Inch/Pound
IntroductionThe Eocene Green River Formation was deposited in
Lake Uinta, a long-lived saline lake that covered much of the Piceance Basin in northwestern Colorado and the Uinta Basin in eastern Utah (fig. 1). This report presents 2 detailed cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin constructed from 8 detailed measured sections, 14 core holes, and 2 rotary holes. The cross sections extend across the northern and eastern margins of the basin and are intended to aid in correlating between surface sections and the nearby sub-surface (fig. 1). Detailed measured sections new to this report are: (1) Smith Gulch, (2) Hay Gulch, and (3) Rio Blanco. Detailed measured sections that were previously published include: (1) Fletcher Gulch (Johnson and others, 1988), (2) Anvil Points (Self and others, 2010), (3) Spring Creek (Self and others, 2010), (4) Yellow Creek (Self and others, 2010), and (5) Lower Piceance Creek (Johnson, 2012).
Core holes and rotary holes used include oil-yield histo-grams from Fischer assay analysis, a standardized laboratory test for determining the oil yield from oil shale that has been almost universally used to determine oil yields for Green River Formation oil shales (Stanfield and Frost, 1949; ASTM, 1984). In addition, all measured sections except Anvil Points and Smith Gulch include estimates of oil yield based on appearance and density. According to Cashion (1967, p. 25) estimated oil yields from surface samples can give moderately accurate results when sampling is done by an experienced investigator, but should only be used if data are not available. These estimates are presented mainly as an aid to correlating oil shale units between surface sections and nearby drill holes, as sequences of oil shale beds have similar richness patterns.
Correlation of oil shale units in both the Piceance Basin and the Uinta Basin to the west uses a comprehensive time-stratigraphic system based on alternating rich and lean oil shale zones. This system, originally proposed by Cashion and Donnell (1972), has been used to subdivide the oil shale interval of the Green River Formation throughout much of both basins (fig. 2) and was recently used in the assessment
of in-place oil shale in the two basins (Johnson and others, 2010a; b). The system assumes that rich- and lean-oil shale units were deposited during alternating periods of high- and low-organic productivity, respectively, that occurred simulta-neously across the entire area of Lake Uinta.
The sequence of rich- and lean-oil shale zones, deposited in offshore areas of Lake Uinta, grade into marginal lacustrine clastic and carbonate sequences toward the lake margins. One of the purposes of this study is to better correlate these rich and lean zones into their largely marginal lacustrine equiva-lents. This was previously attempted by Johnson and others (1988) for the western margin of the Piceance Basin and the eastern margin of the Uinta Basin. Johnson (2012) used the 1988 study, along with early versions of the detailed cross sec-tions presented here, to correlate each of the marginal lacus-trine units mapped on published quadrangle maps in the basin into this time-stratigraphic system of rich and lean zones. Thus, this publication provides additional supporting data to that used in Johnson’s 2012 study.
Stratigraphic Subdivisions of the Green River Formation.
The Green River Formation of the Piceance Basin was deposited in the Eocene Lake Uinta that formed when two much smaller fresh-water lakes, one in each the Piceance and Uinta Basins, expanded and merged into one large saline lake. Lake Uinta remained a single unbroken lake across both basins and the intervening Douglas Creek arch throughout most of its history, and as a result most stratigraphic units can be recognized in both basins (figs. 2 and 3). Several members of the Green River Formation are recognized, although the member designations have not always been applied consis-tently (figs. 3 and 4). For a recent compilation of how member names have been applied, see Johnson (2012). In the oil shale section deposited in the offshore areas of the lake, the name Garden Gulch Member is generally applied to the illitic oil shales that were deposited in the early history of Lake Uinta,
Detailed Cross Sections of the Eocene Green River Formation along the North and East Margins of the Piceance Basin, Western Colorado Using Measured Sections and Drill Hole Information
By Ronald C. Johnson
2 Cross Sections of the Eocene Green River Formation along the North and East Margins of the Piceance Basin
Figure 1. Map showing extent of Uinta, Piceance, and Greater Green River Basins and approximate extent of oil shale in the Green River Formation.
Oil shale-bearing rocks deposited in Eocene Lake Gosiute
EXPLANATION
Oil shale-bearing rocks deposited in Eocene Lake Uinta
Uinta-Piceance Province boundary
Southwest Wyoming Province boundary
0 50 100 KILOMETERS
0 50 100 MILES
Gre
en R
iver
Colora
do
R
iver
White River
Yampa
Green River
UtahLake
GreatSaltLake
Colo
rado
River
River
WYOMING
UTAH
COLORADO
Hoback Basin
Washakie Basin
Piceance Basin
Uinta Basin
Sand Wash Basin
Great Divide Basin
Southwestern WyomingProvince boundary
(Greater Green River Basin)
Uinta-PiceanceProvince boundary
Gr e a
t e rG
r e e n
R i v e rB a s i n
Rock
Sprin
gsU
plift
Wamsutter
Cherokee Ridge
Sandy BendArch
White RiverUplift
SanRa
fael
Swel
l
Uintauplift
Wyo
min
gth
rust
tl eb
Wind
River
Uplift
Sierra
Madre
UncompahgreUplift
Sawatch
Uplift
Sevi
erci negor o
belt
ParkRange
Axial arch
Arch
Rawlins
Uplift
82
789
706
50
70
40
30
2026
89
25
80
191
6
30
50
89
40
15
191
15
15
84
80
30
191
287
189
91
189
189
107°108°109°110°111°112°
43°
42°
41°
40°
39°
EagleGlenwood
Springs
CastledaleAspen
GrandJunction
Kemmerer
MoabGunnison
Montrose
Pinedale SodaSprings
Delta
LanderCasper
Paris
Vernal
Preston
LoganRawlins
GreenRiver
Ogden Evanston
CoalvilleManila
Price
Provo
Craig SteamboatSprings
Duchesne
Nephi
Meeker
Manti
Green River
RockSprings
Rangely
Salt LakeCity
Location of figure 2
Dou
glas
Cre
ek a
rch A
A'B
B'
IDAHO
Constructing the Detailed Cross Sections 3
and the name Parachute Creek Member is applied to the dolomitic oil shales deposited later. The name Douglas Creek Member is applied to marginal lacustrine rocks along the west and southwest margins, and the name Anvil Points Member is applied to marginal lacustrine rocks along the east and south-east margins of the Piceance Basin. The names Garden Gulch Member, Parachute Creek Member, and Douglas Creek Mem-ber were first used by Bradley (1931), whereas Donnell (1953) was the first to use the name Anvil Points Member. The name Uinta Formation is applied to a sequence of sandstones and siltstones containing abundant volcanic debris that interfinger with the upper part of the Green River Formation (Cashion and Donnell, 1974).
Cashion and Donnell (1972) recognized that the entire oil shale interval in the Piceance and Uinta Basins could be subdivided into a series of oil-rich zones (R–1 through R–6) and oil-lean zones (L–1 through L–5) (fig. 2). Later, the names R–0 and L–0 zones were applied to the lowest oil shale units in the Green River Formation that was deposited just after the Long Point transgression (fig. 2) (see, for example, Johnson and others, 1988). Previously named oil shale units above the R–6 zone are, in ascending order: B–groove, Mahogany zone, and A–groove. The oil shale interval above A–groove was not named by Cashion and Donnell (1972), but they traced several oil shale marker beds through that interval. Donnell (2008) correlated 44 individual oil shale beds above A–groove across much of the Piceance Basin and eastern part of the Uinta Basin (fig. 2). All of these oil shale beds and zones appear to closely represent time-stratigraphic units that reflect chang-ing rates of organic matter production and preservation that occurred simultaneously throughout Lake Uinta.
In the offshore areas of the lake, the boundary between clay-rich oil shale and carbonate-rich oil shale is near the base of the R–2 oil shale zone (fig. 2), however, the bound-ary between the Garden Gulch and Parachute Creek Members mapped in outcrop around the margins of the basin commonly does not correspond to that stratigraphic position. Johnson (2012) discusses the many reasons for these discrepancies, and it is suggested that the reader consult that report.
Constructing the Detailed Cross Sections
The individual measured sections include columns for color, lithology, grain size, bedding features, and in most cases, estimated oil yield based on the appearance and density of the oil shale in outcrop. The strata exposed at Anvil Points and Smith Gulch contain little oil shale, and estimates of oil yield in these two sections were not made. Datum for the two detailed cross sections is the base of the Long Point Bed of the Green River Formation (figs. 3 and 4), the basal transgres-sive bed that formed Lake Uinta. The detailed cross sections include the boundaries of stratigraphic units from published maps in the vicinity of each measured section (see Johnson, 2012) and correlate stratigraphic units to the rich- and lean-zone stratigraphy when it can be determined. Boundaries between various lithologic units shown may or may not corre-spond to the mapped outcrop boundaries of stratigraphic units or boundaries between the rich and lean zone.
Constructing the Detailed Cross Sections 54 Cross Sections of the Eocene Green River Formation along the North and East Margins of the Piceance Basin
Figure 2. Cross section showing oil-yield histograms, members of the Eocene Green River Formation, correlation of rich- and lean-oil shale zones, and stages in the evolution of Lake Uinta.
0 20 40 60 80 100
C0195Arco-Mobil-Equity,Figure Four 31–1
Sec 31, T. 3S, R. 98 W
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
500
1,500
0
1,000
0 20 40 60 80 100
0 20 40 60 80 100
C0172Shell Oil Co., 23X–10,
Sec 10, T. 7 S., R. 97 W.
0 20 40 60 80 100
0 20 40 60 80 100
0 20 40 60 80
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
0
Mahogany bed
0 20 40 60 80 100
0 20 40 60 80 100
C0158Shell Oil Co.Greeno 1–4
sec. 4, T. 3 S., R. 97 W.TD 2,710 ft
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
100
Top Bed 44-top A–groove
A–groove
Mahoganyzone
B–groove
R–6 zone
L–5 zone
R–5 zone
L–4 zone
R–4 zone
L–3 zone
R–3 zone
L–2 zone
R–2 zone
L–1 zone
R–1 zone
L–0 zone
R–0 zone
Stratigraphic nomenclature for oil shale zones from
Donnell and Blair (1970),Cashion and Donnell (1972),
Donnell (2008);stages from Johnson (1985)
Gard
en G
ulch
Mem
ber
Para
chut
e Cr
eek
Mem
ber
Gree
n Ri
ver F
orm
atio
n
Oil yield (gallons per ton)
Oil yield (gallons per ton)
Oil yield (gallons per ton)
Oil yield (gallons per ton)
U–53Skyline Oil Co., Watson 1A Sec. 5, T. 11 S., R. 25 E.
Base PorcupineCreek Tuff-top Bed 44
Porcupine Cr. Tuff
Top bed 76-topPorcupine Creek
TuffSt
age
1St
age
2St
age
3St
age
4St
age
5
Top Bed 44-top A–groove
A–groove
Mahoganyzone
B–groove
R–6 zone
L–5 zone
R–5 zone
L–4 zone
R–4 zone
L–3 zone
R–3 zone
L–2 zone
R–2 zone
L–1 zone
R–1 zone
L–0 zone
R–0 zone Gard
en G
ulch
Mem
ber
Para
chut
e Cr
eek
Mem
ber
Gree
n Ri
ver F
orm
atio
n
Stag
e 1
Stag
e 2
Stag
e 3
Stag
e 4
Stag
e 5
Datum
Volcaniclastic rocks
Mostly oil shale with some volcaniclastic material
Top of Long Point Bed
Sandstone, siltstone and mudstone
Carbonate-rich oil shale (>10 gallons per ton)
Carbonate-rich oil shale (<10 gallons per ton)
Clay-rich oil shale (>10 gallons per ton)
Clay-rich oil shale (<10 gallons per ton)
EXPLANATION
Constructing the Detailed Cross Sections 76 Cross Sections of the Eocene Green River Formation along the North and East Margins of the Piceance Basin
Figure 3. East-west cross section through the Piceance Basin, the Douglas Creek arch, and the eastern part of the Uinta Basin showing member subdivisions and stages of Lake Uinta.
Stage 2
Stage 1
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 4
R–0 and L–0 zones
White River Uplift
Douglas CreekMember
WasatchFormation
Green RiverFormation
Black Sulphur Tongueof Green River Formation
Tongue ofUinta Formation
Intersection withcross section in figure 4
Base ofR–4 richoil shale
zone
Parachute CreekMember of GreenRiver Formation
Garden GulchMember
Cow RidgeMember ofGreen RiverFormation
Tongue ofUinta Formation
Tongue ofUinta Formation
Thirteenmile CreekTongue of GreenRiver Formation
Black Sulphur Tongueof Green River Formation
Tongue of UintaFormation
Top of Mahoganyoil shale zone
Base of R–2 richoil shale zone
Anvil PointsMember
Datum is base of LongPoint Bed of Green
River Formation
WasatchFormation
Fort UnionFormation
FortUnionFormation
Wasatch-Fort UnionFormation
contact
UTAH COLORADO
Douglas Creek Arch
Piceance Basin
Uinta Basin
West
East
Mahogany zone
Cretaceous rocks
Cret
aceo
us ro
cks
Cretaceous rocks
R–1 and L–1 zones
R–2 throughL–3 zones
B-marker
I-marker
Landsurface
Landsurface
FEET METERS
2,000
1,000
0 0
600
400
200
0
0 10 20 30 40 KILOMETERS
10 20 30 MILES
Volcaniclastic rocks
Mostly oil shale with some volcaniclastic material
Carbonate-rich oil shale (>10 gallons per ton)
Carbonate-rich oil shale (<10 gallons per ton)
Clay-rich oil shale (>10 gallons per ton)
Clay-rich oil shale (<10 gallons per ton)
Fresh-water lacustrine oil shale
Sandstone-rich marginal lacustrine
Carbonate-rich marginal lacustrine
Marginal fresh-water lacustrine
Paludal
Fluvial and alluvial
EXPLANATION
Location Map
PiceanceBasin
WE
Constructing the Detailed Cross Sections 98 Cross Sections of the Eocene Green River Formation along the North and East Margins of the Piceance Basin
R–4 zone
Top of Mahoganyoil shale zone
Long PointBed
Top of Cretaceous
South
North
R–0 and L–0 zones
R–1 zoneL–1 zone
R–4, L–4, R–5 zones
L–5 zone
R–6 zone and
R–6 zone and
B–grooveB–grooveMahogany zone
Uinta Formation
Uinta Formation
Wasatch Formation
Wasatch Formation
Wasatch Formation
FortUnion
Formation
Cow Ridge Member,Green River Formation
ParachuteCreek Member
DouglasCreek Member Garden Gulch Member
GreenRiver
Formation
ParachuteCreek Mbr.
Top of Bed 44of Donnell (2008)
Intersection with cross section A–A’ Thirteenmile Creek Tongue
of Green River Formation
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5
R–4 zone
B–marker
C–marker
D–marker
I–marker
L–5 zone
Mahogany zone
R–5 and
L–4 zonesR–5 and L–4 zones
R–1 and L–1 zones
R–0 and L–0 zones
R–2 throughL–3 zones
Volcaniclastic rocks
Mostly oil shale with some volcaniclasticmaterial
Carbonate-rich oil shale (>10 gallons per ton)
Carbonate-rich oil shale (<10 gallons per ton)
Clay-rich oil shale (>10 gallons per ton)
Clay-rich oil shale (<10 gallons per ton)
Fresh-water lacustrine oil shale
Sandstone-rich marginallacustrine
Carbonate-rich marginallacustrine
Marginal fresh-water lacustrine
Paludal
Major nahcolite and halite zones
Fluvial and alluvial
Explanation
0 20,000 60,000 FEET
10 KILOMETERS
0
500
1,000
1,500
400
200
FEET METERS
VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X 40
Index Map
PiceanceBasin
N
S
40,000
Figure 4. North-south cross section through the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado, showing member subdivisions and stages of Lake Uinta.
10 Cross Sections of the Eocene Green River Formation along the North and East Margins of the Piceance Basin
References Cited
American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM), 1984, Designation D 388–80, Standard test method for oil from oil shale: Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1984, p. 513–525.
Bradley, W.H., 1931, Origin and microfossils of the oil shale of the Green River Formation of Colorado and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 168, 58 p.
Cashion, W.B., 1967, Geology and fuel resources of the Green River Formation southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colo-rado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 548, 48 p.
Cashion, W.B., 1973, Geologic and structure map of the Grand Junction quadrangle, Colorado and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I–736, scale 1:250,000.
Cashion, W.B., and Donnell, J.R., 1972, Chart showing correlation of selected key units in the organic-rich sequence of the Green River Formation, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado, and Uinta Basin, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigations Chart OC–65.
Cashion, W.B., and Donnell, J.R., 1974, Revision of nomen-clature of the upper part of the Green River Formation, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado, and Eastern Uinta Basin, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1394–G, 9 p.
Chancellor, R.E., Barksdale, W.L., and Dolezal, George, Jr., 1974, Occurrence of oil and gas in the Tertiary system, Rio Blanco unit, Rio Blanco County, Colorado, in Murray, D.K., ed., Guidebook to the Energy Resources of the Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado: Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, 25th Field Conference, p. 225–233.
Donnell, J.R., 1953, Columnar section of rocks exposed between Rifle and DeBeque Canyon, Colorado: Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists Field Conference Guidebook to Northwestern Colorado, p. 14.
Donnell, J.R., 2008, Intertonguing of the lower part of the Uinta Formation with the upper part of the Green River Formation in the Piceance Creek Basin during the late stages of Lake Uinta, chap. 7 of U.S. Geological Survey Oil Shale Assessment team, eds., Oil Shale Resources of the Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigation Report SIR 2008–5237, 25 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-bb/REPORTS/69_BB_CH_7.pdf.
Donnell, J.R., and Blair, R.W., 1970, Resource appraisal of three rich oil-shale zones in the Green River Formation, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado: Colorado School of Mines Quarterly, v. 65, p. 73–87.
Donnell, J.R., Hail, W.J., Jr., 1984, Preliminary geologic map of the Calamity Ridge quadrangle, Rio Blanco County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF–690, scale: 1:24,000, http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/mf/mf1690.
Hail, W.J., Jr., 1974, Geologic map of the Rough Gulch quad-rangle, Rio Blanco and Moffat Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ–1195, scale: 1:24,000, http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/gq/gq1195.
Hail, W.J., Jr., 1988, Geologic map of the Barcus Creek SE quadrangle, Rio Blanco County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle GQ–1613, scale: 1:24,000, http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/gq/gq1613.
Johnson, R.C., 1984, New names for units in the lower part of the Green River Formation, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1529–I, 20 p., 1 pl.
Johnson, R.C., 1985, Early Cenozoic history of the Uinta and Piceance Creek Basins, Utah and Colorado, with special reference to the development of Eocene Lake Uinta, in Flores, R.M., and Kaplan, S.S., eds, Cenozoic Paleogeog-raphy of the West-Central United States, Rocky Mountain Paleography Symposium 3: The Rocky Mountain Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists p. 247–276.
Johnson, R.C., 2012, The systematic geologic mapping program and a quadrangle-by-quadrangle analysis of the time-stratigraphic relations within the oil shale-bearing rocks of the Piceance Basin, western Colorado: U.S. Geo-logical Survey Scientific Investigations Report SIR 2012–5041, 28 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5041/.
Johnson, R.C., Nichols, D.J., and Hanley, J.H., 1988, Strati-graphic sections of Lower Tertiary strata and charts showing palynomorph and mollusc assemblages, Douglas Creek arch area, Colorado and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Investigations Map MF–1997, two large foldouts.
Johnson, R.C., and Roberts, L.N., 2003, Depths to selected stratigraphic horizons in oil and gas wells for Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary strata of the Uinta Basin, Utah, chap. 13, of U.S. Geological Survey Uinta-Piceance Assessment Team, eds., Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the Uinta-Piceance Province, Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series 69–B, chap. 13, 30 p.
References Cited 11
Johnson, R.C., Mercier, T.J., Brownfield, M.E., Pantea, M.P., and Self, J.G., 2010a, An assessment of in-place oil shale resources of the Green River Formation, Piceance Basin, Colorado, chap. 1 of U.S. Geological Survey Oil Shale Assessment Team, eds., Oil Shale and Nahcolite Resources of the Piceance Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series 69–Y, 187 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-y/REPORTS/69_Y_CH_1.pdf.
Johnson, R.C., Mercier, T.J., Brownfield, M.E., and Self, J.G., 2010b, Assessment of in-place oil shale resources of the Eocene Green River Formation, Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado, chap. 1 of U.S. Geological Survey Oil Shale Assessment Team, eds., Oil Shale Resources of the Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series 69–BB, 153 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-bb/REPORTS/69_BB_CH_1.pdf.
Love, J.D., and Christiansen, A.C., 1985, Geologic map of Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Wyoming, scale 1:500,000.
O’Sullivan, R.B., 1985, Preliminary geologic map of the Rio Blanco quadrangle, Rio Blanco and Garfield Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF–1816, scale 1:24,000, http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/mf/mf1816.
Pipiringos, G.N., and Johnson, R.C., 1976, Preliminary geo-logic map and correlation diagram of the White River City quadrangle, Rio Blanco County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF 76–736, scale 1:24,000, http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/mf/mf736.
Rowley, P.D., Hansoe, W.R., Tweto, Ogden, and Carrara, P.E., 1985, Geologic map of the Vernal 1o × 2o quadrangle Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I–1526, scale 1:250,000.
Self, J.G., Johnson, R.C., Brownfield, M.E., and Mercier, T.J., 2010, Stratigraphic cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado, chap. 5 of U.S. Geological Survey Oil Shale Assessment Team, eds., Oil Shale and Nahcolite Resources of the Piceance Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series 69–Y, 7 p., 13 pls.; http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-y/REPORTS/69_Y_CH_5.pdf.
Stanfield, K.E., and Frost, I.C., 1949, Method of assaying oil shale by a modified Fischer retort: U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 4477, 13 p.
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Johnson—Cross Sections of the Eocene Green River Form
ation along the North and East M
argins of the Piceance Basin—Scientific Investigations M
ap 3276
ISSN 2329-132X (online)http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3276
