Designing and Implementing Rainwater Harvesting Systems

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ASLA 2011 Annual Meeting and EXPO

From Catchment to Reuse: Designing and Implementing Rainwater Harvesting Systems

Presenters

Heather Kinkade, FASLA, LEED AP BD+C

President, Forgotten Rain

Sandra A. Brock, PE, CFM®, LEED AP BD+C

Chief Engineer, Nitsch Engineering


Agenda

Introduction

Rainwater Harvesting System Components Heather

Water Budget Sandy

Case Study: Heather

Case Study: Sandy

Q&A All


Did You Know?

Outdoor water use accounts for 30% of the 26 billion gallons

of water consumed per day in the U.S (Source: USGBC)

That’s 7.8 billion gallons of water per day for mostly irrigation!

Aspenlandscaping.ca


What is Rainwater Harvesting?Collecting stormwater from impervious surfaces

and storing it for reuse

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A New Idea?

Capturing and re-using rainwater is

not a new or complicated concept…

www.ens-newswire.com


Why Rainwater Harvesting?

Rainwater harvesting can be used to

supply water for non-potable uses

Rainwater harvesting can be used

for stormwater management


Rainwater Harvesting Benefits

Conserve potable water

– Reduce water/sewer bills ($$)

Protect water resources

– Reduce the volume of

stormwater runoff

– Improve stormwater quality

Demonstrate sustainability

– Contribute to LEED® Credits

for Stormwater and Water

Efficiency


Design Considerations

Potential Supply

Rainfall patterns

Catchment area

Storage

Cisterns

Equipment

Reuse

Irrigation/seasonal

Toilet flushing /year-round

Water

Balance

Collection

Pretreatment

3


System Components

Aqua Azul


System Components

and Maintenance


Components and Maintenance



• General Information

– The operation and maintenance of rainwater harvesting systems is the

responsibility of the property owner.

– Municipal inspections occur during installation and inspections of backflow

prevention systems are recommended on an annual basis.

– For the property owner, the operation of a rainwater harvesting system is similar to

a private well.

http://www.nitscheng.com/

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• General Cont.

– Especially for indoor uses, annual water testing to

verify water quality is recommended as well as

regular interval maintenance to replace treatment

system components such as filters or UV lights.



• General Cont.

– The adoption and use of rainwater harvesting systems will add to the inspection

responsibilities of the municipal public works department, but the type of

inspection, level of effort, and documentation required will be similar to those of

private potable water systems and should be readily integrated into the routine of

the inspection department.



• General Treatment Goals

– Nothing Grows Within: Mosquitoes or Algae

– No Debris that will promote odor

– No Animal Matter Present

– Label as Non Potable Water Source



• Chapter 18 – Operation and Maintenance

Rainwater Harvesting Planning and Installation ManualTexas AgriLife Extension Service, 2009

System planners, installers, and individuals responsible for maintenance should have a basic understanding of:

(1) all possible chemical contamination and

(2) of pathogenic microbes in order to determine which disinfection treatment is best for each system.

The client should understand the risks, performance, and maintenance of each part of the system.

Familiarity with local plumbing code is essential. No Cross Contamination between utility and rainwater systems without approved backflow device.

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• Catchment Surface – Inspect/Clean monthly

• Gutters – Inspect monthly, Wash/flush annually

• Debris Screens – Inspect/Clean monthly

• Downspouts – Inspect annually (or sooner)

• Roof Washers and First-Flush – Inspect weekly, Clean

monthly

• Tanks – Inspect annually, Clean

if needed

• Piping – Inspect annually

• Purification Filters – Replace as

recommended by manufacturer



• Pumps/Pressure Tanks – Follow

manufacturer’s recommendations

• Disinfection System - Follow

manufacturer’s recommendations

• Water Testing - Comprehensive

testing of initial quality, retested

after major repairs/renovation, test

annually thereafter

• Confirm with local Health

Department for proper testing

requirements



• Maintenance Manual

– Develop a maintenance plan, update and store records

– Document repairs, This is especially important for future users of the system • ex. Real estate transactions

– Recognize when system in not performing optimally

– Inspect system routinely, Make sure that key components are accessible

– For Installers, offer a maintenance plan for users of system



• Maintenance Manual

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Equipment

• Includes:

– Tanks

– First-flush

– Smoothing inlet

– Pump

– Floating suction filter

– Tank over flow

– Pressure tank

– Check valves

– Float switch

– Air gap

– Solenoid valve

– Purification

– Controller


Tanks

• Above Ground and Below Ground

– Corrugated Metal, Above and Below

– Polyethylene, Above or Below

– Fiberglass, Below

– Modular or Matrix Tanks, Below


Corrugated Metal

• Vertical or Horizontal


Polyethylene

• Above or Below Ground

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Fiberglass

• Below ground

6,000 gallon


Matrix or Modular Tanks

• Below ground


First-Flush

• Vortex Fine Filters or Roof Washer

WFF 150 WFF 330


Smoothing Inlet

• Turbulent dissipater

– Tank inlet

EB0300 EB0300

http://www.rainwatermanagement.com/Medium capacity vortex filter.pdf

http://www.rainwatermanagement.com/High capacity vortex filter.pdf

http://www.rainwatermanagement.com/Smoothing Inlet.pdf

http://www.rainwatermanagement.com/instuctions/JRS-08.pdf

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Pump

• Submersible or dry pumps

Well pumpOne half

up to one

horse

power

Grunfos 1 HP Jet Pump

Aqua boost


Floating Suction Filter

• Floating Filters


Tank Overflow

• Multisiphon

– Connects to the overflow pipe


Pressure Tank

• Inside or

out

http://www.rainwatermanagement.com/Goulds SE half hp pump .pdf

http://www.rainwatermanagement.com/GrundfosMQ_Data.pdf

http://www.rainwatermanagement.com/FloatingFilters2.pdf

http://www.rainwatermanagement.com/Multi-functional overflow.pdf

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Check Valves

• One way flow

Ball check valves, ball

moves out of the flow

path until water

reverses at that point

the ball blocks the

waters path

Swing check valve

Wafer check valve


Float Switch

• Water level control


Air Gap

• Make up water


Solenoid Valve

• Normally closed

http://www.rainwatermanagement.com/instuctions/Normally Open Float Switch.pdf

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Purification

• Need based on use


Controller

• System Management


System Details


System Details

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System Details


Water Balance


Water Balance


Water Balance

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Water Balance Considerations

SUPPLY – The volume of water captured and stored

• Annual rainfall amount

• Seasonal rainfall patterns

• Size of catchment area

• Hydrologic properties of catchment area

• Potential losses

DEMAND – The volume of non-potable water used

• Intended end use

• Estimated water demand

• Seasonal and annual use


Supply and Demand

Annual Goal: Supply > Demand

SURPLUS DEFICIT SURPLUS


Precipitation


Precipitation

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Estimating Supply

Estimating Runoff from a Collection Surface

(Source: The Texas Manual on Rainwater Harvesting)


Estimating Supply

Rule of thumb:

Every inch of rainfall generates 0.62 gallons of runoff per

square foot of collection surface

(Source: The Texas Manual on Rainwater Harvesting)

Example:

For an 1,000 square foot rooftop catchment area

1-inch Runoff Volume = 1,000 sf * 0.62 gallons/sf

1-inch Runoff Volume = 620 gallons


Estimating Supply

Typical Runoff Coefficients (Source: USGBC)

Pavement, Asphalt, Concrete 0.95

Pavement, Brick 0.85

Roofs, Conventional 0.95

Roof, Garden (<4 in) 0.50

Roof, Garden (4 – 8 in) 0.30

Roof, Garden (9-20 in) 0.20

Turf, Flat (0-1% slope) 0.25

Turf, Average (1-3% slope) 0.35

Turf, Hilly (3-10% slope) 0.40

Vegetation, Flat (0-1% slope) 0.10

Vegetation, Average (1-3% slope) 0.20


Estimating Supply

To more accurately estimate runoff volume (or supply) from non-rooftop and

rooftop collection surfaces, factor in runoff coefficient:

S = R * A * C

Supply =

Rainfall Depth x Catchment Area x Runoff Coefficient

Example:

1-inch of rainfall falls upon a 1,000 square foot asphalt rooftop

Runoff Volume = (1inch)*(1foot/12 inches) * 1,000 square feet * 0.95

Runoff Volume = 79.17 cubic feet * (7.48 gallons/cubic foot)

Runoff Volume = 592 gallons

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Estimating Supply

Other considerations that impact potential supply:

Losses, including:

• Evaporation

• Overshoot from gutters

• First-flush diverters

• Leaks


Estimating Demand

Estimate the demand for non-potable water for:

Year-round uses, such as:

• Toilet Flushing

• Equipment wash

• Cooling Tower

• Laundry

Seasonal uses, such as:

• Irrigation

• Ornamental water features


Estimating Demand

Sources for estimating water demands:

• Rule of thumb (i.e. apply 1-inch water per week)

• Irrigation Consultant (outdoor)

• LEED™ Reference Guides

• Design Manuals

• M/E/P Engineer (indoor)


Estimating Demand

Estimating irrigation demands based on evapotranspiration

One method, as recommended by USGBC LEED™ Reference Manual(Source USGBC LEED BD+C Reference Manual)

1. Calculate the landscape coefficient (KL)

KL = ks * kd * kmc

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Estimating Demand

2. Calculate the project-specific evapotranspiration rate (ETL)

ETL = ET0 * KL

where:

ET0 is the reference evapotranspiration rate for the region

KL is the landscape coefficient


Estimating Demand

Reference Evapotranspiration for estimating irrigation demand

(Source: CIMIS)


Estimating Demand

3. Determine the Irrigation Efficiency (IE)

4. Determine the Controller Efficiency (CE), specified by Manufacturer

5. Calculate the Total Water Applied


Sizing Rainwater Harvesting Tanks

Methods for sizing rainwater harvesting tanks:

• Dry-season Demand vs. Supply

• Simple Water Budget

• Graphical Methods

• Mass Curve Analysis

• Statistical Methods

• Computer-based Simulation Methods

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Dry-season demand vs. supply analysis:

• Simplified approach

• Tank is designed to accommodate the water demand through dry season

Limitations:

• Does not account for variable rainfall patterns

• Is most relevant in areas with distinct dry season

• Ignores rainfall input and catchment size

• Results (typically) in large tank without validating fullness

Dry-season



Simple (Monthly) Water Budget Analysis:

• Simple methodology, “like balancing a checkbook”

1. Start with an assumed volume of water in tank

2. Calculate the monthly volume of water captured based on average

(or median) monthly precipitation and catchment area

3. Add volume to the previous month’s balance

4. Subtract the monthly demand

Limitations

• Does not account for seasonal variations

• Is most relevant in climates with predictable rainfall patterns

• May over-estimate system efficiency, specifically for dry/drought years




Given: A 2,000 square foot barn roof in Dallas, Texas will harvest rainwater for irrigation.

Using the average monthly rainfall, determine the required tank size to sustain the given demands

SUPPLY DEMAND

MonthAverage Monthly Rainfall (inches)

Catchment Area (square feet)

Runoff Coefficient (0.95, roof)

Runoff Volume Collected (gallons)

Monthly Irrigation Demand (gallons)

End-of-month storage* (gallons)

Jan 1.97 2,000 0.95 2,333 0 3,333 *assume 1,000 gallons to start

Feb 2.4 2,000 0.95 2,842 0 6,176

Mar 2.91 2,000 0.95 3,446 4,000 5,622

Apr 3.81 2,000 0.95 4,512 4,000 6,134

May 5.01 2,000 0.95 5,934 4,000 8,068

Jun 3.12 2,000 0.95 3,695 4,000 7,763

Jul 2.04 2,000 0.95 2,416 4,000 6,179

Aug 2.07 2,000 0.95 2,452 4,000 4,630

Sep 2.67 2,000 0.95 3,162 4,000 3,793

Oct 3.76 2,000 0.95 4,453 4,000 4,246

Nov 2.7 2,000 0.95 3,198 0 7,443

Dec 2.64 2,000 0.95 3,127 0 10,570

Annual 35.1

Monthly Water Budget Analysis Example using Average Monthly Precipitation (adapted from the Texas Manual on Rainwater Harvesting)

A 10,000 gallon tank would overflow 570

gallons in December



Monthly Water Budget Analysis Example using Median Monthly Precipitation (adapted from the Texas Manual on Rainwater Harvesting)

Given: A 2,000 square foot barn roof in Dallas, Texas will harvest rainwater for irrigation.

Using the median monthly rainfall, determine the required tank size to sustain the given demands

SUPPLY DEMAND

MonthMedian Monthly Rainfall (inches)

Catchment Area (square feet)

Runoff Coefficient (0.95, roof)

Runoff Volume Collected (gallons)

Monthly Irrigation Demand (gallons)

End-of-month storage* (gallons)

Jan 1.8 2,000 0.95 2,132 0 3,132 *assume 1,000 gallons to start

Feb 2.11 2,000 0.95 2,499 0 5,631

Mar 2.36 2,000 0.95 2,795 4,000 4,426

Apr 2.98 2,000 0.95 3,529 4,000 3,955

May 4.27 2,000 0.95 5,057 4,000 5,012

Jun 2.85 2,000 0.95 3,375 4,000 4,388

Jul 1.6 2,000 0.95 1,895 4,000 2,282

Aug 1.74 2,000 0.95 2,061 4,000 343

Sep 2.5 2,000 0.95 2,961 4,000 -696

Oct 2.94 2,000 0.95 3,482 4,000 -1,214

Nov 2 2,000 0.95 2,369 0 1,155

Dec 2.1 2,000 0.95 2,487 0 3,642

Annual 29.25

A 10,000 gallon tank would never fill

during the year and the tank would run

out of water for the end of summer

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Continuous Simulation:

• Simulation using daily or hourly rainfall records

• Most accurate method for sizing tanks

• Sizes tank for optimal performance, not extremes

Limitations

• Accuracy is dependent on user-defined inputs



NC State U. Rainwater Harvester 2.0 Simulation program

http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/topic/waterharvesting/model.html












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Case Study


Case Study


Case Study


Case Study

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Case Study


Case Study


Case Study


Case Study

Sizing the tanks using Nitsch Engineering’s proprietary simulation software

• RainUSE®: Rainfall ReUSE Simulation

- Performs a continuous daily simulation using daily precipitation data from NOAA

for nearest weather station

- User inputs catchment area size, properties, and daily demand

- Evaluates a range of tank sizes

- Report outputs include:

- Average annual water savings

- Average annual overflow

- Average annual deficit

- Average annual reliability

- Average annual % tank full

- Exportable daily data for the entire period of record

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Case Study


Case Study


Q & A


Contact InformationSandra A. Brock, PE, CFM®, LEED AP BD+C

Chief Engineer

Nitsch Engineering

[email protected]

www.nitscheng.com

Heather Kinkade, FASLA, LEED AP BD+C

Author of Design for Water

Forgotten Rain, LLC

[email protected]

http://www.forgottenrain.com/

RAINWATER HARVESTING RESOURCES

NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES

ARCSA – American Rainwater Catchment Systems Association (http://www.arcsa.org/)

ERCSA – European Rainwater Catchment Systems Association (http://www.ercsa.eu/)

IRCSA – International Rainwater Catchment Systems Association

(http://www.eng.warwick.ac.uk/ircsa/index.htm)

Australia – Guidance on use of Rainwater Tanks

http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/3D981B51B4FB458DCA256F190

0042F6E/$File/env_rainwater.pdf

Australia – Australia Guidelines for Water Recycling: Managing Health and Environmental Risk

(Phase 2): Stormwater Harvesting and Reuse

(http://www.ephc.gov.au/sites/default/files/WQ_AGWR_GL__Stormwater_Harvesting_and_Reu

se_Final_200907.pdf)

EPA – Managing Wet Weather with Green Infrastructure

(http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/gi_munichandbook_harvesting.pdf)

USGBC – LEED Water Efficiency Credits

(http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CategoryID=19a)

ASLA – Sustainable Sites

http://www.sustainablesites.org

NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL CODES AND STANDARDS

IGCC – International Green Construction Code

• Chapter 7 Rainwater Collection and Distribution Systems

• Allows ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC IES Standard 189.1 as an option

IAPMO – International Association of Plumbing Mechanical Officials

• 2010 Green Plumbing & Mechanical Code Supplement covers all aspects of a

potable and non-potable rainwater catchment system and is recommended to be

used with all codes.

ASHRAE /USGBC/ASPE/AWWA Standard 191 – Standards for the efficient use of water in

building, site and mechanical systems.

• Covers all uses of water within a site and a building.

CSI – Construction Specification Institute

• Rainwater Harvesting Systems and Components, Gutters and Downspouts,

Domestic water Filtration

http://www.arcsa.org/

http://www.ercsa.eu/

http://www.eng.warwick.ac.uk/ircsa/index.htm

http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/3D981B51B4FB458DCA256F1900042F6E/$File/env_rainwater.pdf

http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/3D981B51B4FB458DCA256F1900042F6E/$File/env_rainwater.pdf

http://www.ephc.gov.au/sites/default/files/WQ_AGWR_GL__Stormwater_Harvesting_and_Reuse_Final_200907.pdf

http://www.ephc.gov.au/sites/default/files/WQ_AGWR_GL__Stormwater_Harvesting_and_Reuse_Final_200907.pdf

http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/gi_munichandbook_harvesting.pdf

http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CategoryID=19a

http://www.sustainablesites.org/

ARCSA & ASPE – American Rainwater Catchment Systems Association and American Society

of Plumbing Engineers

• Standards for designers on all components of a rainwater harvesting system.

NSF International Protocol P151 – Health effects from rainwater catchment system

components.

• Additional standards from NSF and ANSI include ANSI Standard 14, 42, 53, 55, 60,

and 61.

STATE MANUALS/GUIDELINES

Texas

(http://www.twdb.state.tx.us/publications/reports/RainwaterHarvestingManual_3rdedition.pdf)

Hawaii

http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/RM-12.pdf

Virginia

(http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/documents/stmrainharv.pdf)

Georgia

(http://www.gaepd.org/Files_PDF/GA_RainWaterHarvestingGuideline_FinalDraft_040209.pdf)

Florida

http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/reuse/index.htm

RESEARCH AND COMPUTER MODELS

Rainwater Harvesting at NC State http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/topic/waterharvesting/index.html

NC State University Rainwater Harvester Computer Model http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/topic/waterharvesting/model.html

WEATHER DATA National Climatic Data Center http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html PRISM Precipitation Maps http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/precip.html Precipitation Averages, Seasonality,Volatility and Trends in the United States http://www.weatherbill.com/assets/LandingPageDocs/rainfallstudy2007.pdf California Irrigation Management Information System, Evapotranspiration http://www.cimis.water.ca.gov/cimis/infoEtoOverview.jsp

http://www.twdb.state.tx.us/publications/reports/RainwaterHarvestingManual_3rdedition.pdf

http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/RM-12.pdf

http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/documents/stmrainharv.pdf

http://www.gaepd.org/Files_PDF/GA_RainWaterHarvestingGuideline_FinalDraft_040209.pdf

http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/reuse/index.htm

http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/topic/waterharvesting/index.html


http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html

http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/precip.html

http://www.weatherbill.com/assets/LandingPageDocs/rainfallstudy2007.pdf

http://www.cimis.water.ca.gov/cimis/infoEtoOverview.jsp

RainUSE®: A Rainwater Reuse Analysis Service

www.nitscheng.com

Nitsch Engineering’s RainUSE® software-based service uses a

proprietary program to analyze and optimize tanks for storing rainwater for reuse. For our clients, we assess historical rainfall data and simulate scenarios to capture and reuse rainwater. Now in Version 2.0, the RainUSE

® software-based service allows us to

estimate how successful a rainwater-reuse system may be in satisfying the water demands for a building project. This unique service helps clients save money while preserving natural resources. Background Historically, stormwater runoff has been considered an unavoidable, unwanted byproduct of development. Now, as sustainability has become a more important part of site development projects, many owners and design teams have started to integrate stormwater management best practices into their projects, including methods of capturing and reusing rainwater onsite. While most rainwater design tools rely only on the use of average annual rainfall data, Nitsch Engineering concluded that a more accurate simulation could be developed using historical daily rainfall data, which is why we developed and implemented the RainUSE

®

software-based service. For a small investment, which reaps big benefits, the RainUSE

®

software-based service helps clients get valuable data that can significantly save construction and operating costs, and exhibit sustainability. Stormwater runoff is reduced, which reduces the burden on the municipal drainage systems and helps decrease flooding. The building’s potable water demand is reduced, thus providing a return on investment. Applications RainUSE

® allows Nitsch Engineering to analyze non-potable water

demands on a continuous daily basis and incorporate additional make-up water inputs for a range of tank sizes, based on the historical daily rainfall from the nearest rain gauge and the project-specific paramters. The report generated by the RainUSE

® software

includes several graphs displaying the average annual potable water savings, non-potable water deficit, excess overflow from the tanks, and the average annual precipitation from the 30 most recent years of historical rainfall data. RainUSE

® also provides our engineers with

the daily output data simulated from the entire period of record for further analysis. Our proprietary RainUSE

® service can be used to simulate a variety

of reuse scenarios, including toilet flushing within a building, site irrigation, and cooling tower make-up demands. We also can calculate the inclusion of additional water supplies, such as geothermal well bleed-off or condensate, thus eliminating other discharges to the municipal sewer system.

RainUSE®: A Rainwater Reuse Analysis Service

www.nitscheng.com

Recent Successes The RainUSE

® service supports Nitsch Engineering’s cutting-edge site

sustainability practice, especially for projects pursuing LEED® certification. Using

the RainUSE® service to optimize and design rainwater harvesting systems on

projects could contribute up to five LEED® points toward certification. Nitsch

Engineering has found that rainwater reuse systems can be optimized to align with both stormwater management and water efficiency goals. Since 2005, Nitsch Engineering has provided the RainUSE

® service on a variety

of projects by optimizing systems, significantly saving construction and operating costs, and exemplifying sustainability. A sampling of projects:

Yale University School of Art and Architecture, New Haven, CT

Yale University Kroon Hall, New Haven, CT

Yale University Biology Building, New Haven, CT

Yale University School of Social Sciences, New Haven, CT

Stamford Environmental Magnet School, Stamford, CT

The Taft School Dining Hall, Watertown, CT

Emory University Freshman Dorms 2/3, Atlanta, GA

Harvard Allston First Science Building, Boston, MA

Bridgewater State College Rondileau Campus Center, Bridgewater, MA

Princeton University Chemistry Building, Princeton, NJ

Ithaca College School of Business, Ithaca, NY

Harvard Allston Master Plan, Boston, MA

Princeton University Master Plan, Princeton, NJ

Princeton University Chemistry Building, Princeton, NJ

Princeton University Andlinger Center, Princeton, NJ

Brooklyn Atlantic Yards, Brooklyn, NY

North 10th Street Multi-Family Residential Project, Williamsburg, NY

Brooklyn Bridge Park, Brooklyn, NY

High Line Open Space, New York, NY

J. Michael Ruane Judicial Center, Salem, MA

Massachusetts Fire Fighting Academy, Stowe, MA

Canal Park, Washington D.C Testimonials “Nitsch Engineering’s RainUSE

® software service has become an invaluable tool in

the development of rainwater capture systems. Atelier Ten has used the software on projects, notably the renovation of the Yale Art and Architecture Building and new History of Art Building, to size stormwater capture tanks carefully where space was particularly at a premium. … The RainUSE

® software has become an indispensable

part of Atelier Ten’s stormwater analysis process.” Paul Stoller, LEED AP, Director, Atelier Ten “Through intelligent strategies and modeling techniques, Nitsch Engineering has played a very important role in helping to make Brooklyn Bridge park the sustainable model for large-scale public open space. … With an ever-expanding demand for stewardship and sustainability in the public landscape, Nitsch Engineering as Site Sustainability Engineers has helped to provide our client with a smart and self-sustaining system while still adhering to a high standard of design.”

Stephen Noone, ASLA, Senior Associate, Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates, Inc. For more information Contact: Sandra A. Brock, [email protected] or Nicole Holmes, [email protected]

Yale University, Kroon Hall

Emory University

Brooklyn Bridge Park

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

Designing and Implementing Rainwater Harvesting Systems