DESIGN OF PAVEMENT BY USING GEO POLYMER CONCRETE BLOCKS IN AUTT

CAMPUS

Guided by Mr. S. SURESH Visiting faculty Department of Civil Engineering Anna university of technology, Tiruchirappalli-24

Presented byN.Dhileeban(01108111016) V.Harikrishnan(01108111028) S.Jaisankar(01108111029) K.Kalirajan(01108111034)

The traditional system of bituminous pavements is widely used in our country.

Bitumen is a by product of petroleum which is depleting day by day.

Locally available cement concrete is a better substitute to bitumen.

Concrete – Low Impact and Abrasion Resistance .

Portland cement responsible for upward 85% of energy and 90% of carbon dioxide emission.

The perfect solution would be GEO POLYMER CONCRETE BLOCK PAVEMENTS.

Introduction

Objective

We have planned to prepare geo polymer concrete blocks and design a pavement by using these blocks in AUTT campus.

Different aspects in planning , designing and cost analysing of pavement will be included.

MethodologyGeo polymer concrete

preparation

Geo polymeration(60-80oC 6-12 hours open atm)

Aggregate storage(Open air atm)

Alkaline activator (NaOH + Na2SiO3)( Na2O 6- 10%, w=0.30 – 0.40,M=8)

Fly ash

Mix Proportion

10 Molarity calculation:-Specific gravity of flyash = 2.52Design Compressive strength = 45 MpaDensity of concrete = 2400 kg/m3

 Weight of the aggregate = 75% of 2400 = 1800 kg/m3

70% of Coarse aggregate = 1260 kg/m3

Fine aggregate (sand) = 1800 – 1260 = 540 kg/m3

cont...

Alkaline liquid (Sodium hydroxide + Sodium silicate)Alkaline liquid to flyash ratio by mass = 0.45 = 0.45Mass of flyash and liquid = 2400 – 1800= 600 kg/m3

 Mass of flyash = 600/(1+0.45)= 413 kg/m3

Mass of alkaline liquid = 600 – 413= 186 kg/m3

Cont...

Ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide = 2.5  Alkaline liquid requirement:Mass of NaoH = 186/(1+2.5) = 53.2 kg/m3

Mass of sodium silicate = 133 kg/m3

Curing

Ambient CuringHot curing

Ambient Curing was done by keeping the specimens including the moulds in Room temperature for 5 days after it will be demoulded.

In Hot Curing the specimens including the moulds were kept in a hot air oven or in micro-oven at 60oC for 24 hours after it will be demoulded.

Economy of Gpc Vs ordinary cement concrete

Ordinary concrete for M30: cement content = 340 kg/m3

cost = Rs. 2500 Geopolymer concrete for M30:  NaoH requirement 31 Kg cost = Rs. 1147 sodium silicate requirement 109 kg cost = Rs. 1144.50 Total cost = Rs. 2291.50 No CO2 emission

Test values

Specific Gravity: Fly ash = 2.47 Sand =2.68 Coarse aggregate =2.83 Soil test: Plastic limit = 21% Liquid limit =22.5% Optimum moisture content =10% Bulk density = 1.93 g/cc Dry density =1.75 g/cc

Cont...

Fineness of flyash = 90% Aggregate crushing value =1.93% Fineness modulus of c.a = 7.68 Fineness modulus of f.a = 2.507 CBR value = 9%

Molarit

y of

NaOH

Specimen Compressive strength

7day

s

N/

mm2

14da

ys

N/

mm2

28days

N/mm2

 

12 M

A 17.9 20.6 24.2

B 18.1 21.1 24.1

C 17.3 20.9 24.4

 

10 M

A 15.2 19.7 22.5

B 14.6 19.8 22.1

C 15.3 20.2 22.3

 

8 M

A 13.8 19.2 21.5

B 13.1 18.7 21.6

C 14.2 19.1 21.4

EDA calculation

Effective number of days per year = 300 Days/ yearGrowth factor = (1+r)n -1 / loge(1+r)

= (1+0.02)20 – 1 / loge(1+0.02)

= 24.5Design EDA = no of vehicle per day x load factor x effective no of day x growth factor = [(190 x 0.5)+(58 x 1)+(15 x 3)] x 300 x 24.5 = 1.45 x 106 EDA.

Total thickness chart

Base course thickness

Paving block thicknessDesign traffic (EDA) Recommended paving

blocks

Shape Thicknes

s (mm)

Laying

pattern

Up to 3x104 Any 60 or 80 H,B or S

3x104 or more Capable of

herringbon

e pattern

80 H only

Pavement Design

Thickness Design : Sub base course = 150 mm Base course = 140 mm Bedding Sand = 30 mm Pavement Block = 80 mm Joint = 3 mm Laying pattern : Herringbone Laying pattern

Herringbone Laying pattern

Pavement Structure

Campus Road layout

Construction of pavement

The following steps are followed in the construction of pavement, Setting out Drainage and subgrade construction Compaction Sub base/ base course construction Planning the paving operation Placing and screeding sand bedding Edge restraints Laying the paving block

Maintenance WEED CONTROL The sanded joints ultimately acquire a content of dust which may

permit germination of airborne seeds. Traffic should control weed growth in many situations. If,however weed growth does become apparent spraying with a herbicide will be necessary.

JOINTS Once filled and after dust has time to accumulate the joints

should remain filled. Joints sand can sometimes be lost by rain on steep slopes or vigorous hosing ,particularly in the early life of the pavement. If there is evidence of sand loss the affected joints should be topped up by sand brooming and vibration.

CLEANING Block pavements can generally be cleaned with normal

equipment.The exceptions are vacuum equipment. And water blasting which may remove joint sand.In the course of time dust acts as a binder in the joints and vacuum equipment. May be used.

The block surfaces can become stained with oil or food stuffs. Commercially available concrete cleaning compounds can be used but care is needed when hosing them off.

Item

no

Particul

ates of

items

and

details

of

works

No Leng

th

m

Breadt

h

m

Thickn

ess

m

Quantity

Cu.m

1 Earth

work

excavati

on

1 4609.

38

7.2 0.24 7965

2 Subgrad

e filling

1 4609.

38

7.2 0.15 4978.13

3 Base

course

filling

1 4609.

38

7.2 0.09 2986.88

4 Bedding

sand

1 4609.

38

7.2 0.03 995.63

5

Paveme

nt block

12485

90

0.19 0.139 0.08 2655

6 Edge

restraint

s

2 4609.

38

0.15 0.15 207.42

7 Joint

filling

sand

12485

90

- 0.015 0.08 1498.3

Abstract of cost

Item

no

Particulate

s of items

and details

of works

Quantity

Cu.m

Per Rate

Rs.

p.

Amount

Rs.

p.

1 Earth work

excavation

7965 Cu.m 25.50 203107.50

2 Subgrade

filling

4978.13 Cu.m 365.00 1817017.4

5

3 Base course

filling

2986.88 Cu.m 400.00 1194752.0

0

4 Bedding

sand

995.63 Cu.m 110.00 109519.30

5 Pavement

block

2655 Cu.m 2991.50 7942432.5

0

6 Edge

restraints

207.42 Cu.m 2991.50 620496.93

Total

11887325.

68

Add 3% for contingencies 356619.77

Add 2% for work charged

established

237746.51

Grand total

12481691.

96

Comparision between GPC&OPC

Item no Particulates

of items

and details

of works

Quantity

Cu.m

Per Rate

Rs.

p.

Amount for

GPC

Rs. p.

Amount

for OPC

Rs p.

1 Earth work

excavation

7965 Cu.m 25.50 203107.50 203107.50

2 Subgrade

filling

4978.13 Cu.m 365.00 1817017.45 1817017.4

5

3 Base course

filling

2986.88 Cu.m 400.00 1194752.00 1194752.0

0

4 Bedding sand 995.63 Cu.m 110.00 109519.30 109519.30

5 Pavement

block GPC

2655 Cu.m 2991.50 7942432.50 --

6 pavement

block OPC

2655 Cu.m 3200.00 -- 8496000

7 Edge

restraints

GPC

207.42 Cu.m 2991.50 620496.93 --

8 Edge

restraints

OPC

207.42 Cu.m 3200.00 -- 663744.00

Total 11887325.68 12484140.

25

Add 3% for contingencies 356619.77 374524.21

Add 2% for work charged

established

237746.51 249682.81

Grand total

12481691.96 13108347.

27

conclusion

Through this project the following results were obtained Mix design procedure for geopolymer concrete. Compressive strength has been varying with

respect to the change in molarity of NaOH solution.

Economy in GPC production when compared to Ordinary cement concrete.

And also we are concluded that by using this type of pavements in our campus will be most economical. At the same time natures gift of wonderful World is protected from Global warming problem. Thus this project will be most economically and ecofriendly also.

TURN POLLUTION INTO SOLUTION

Suggestions for future Research

The bond between geopolymer concrete and steel reinforcements needs to be studied for the practical use of this material.

The interaction of geopolymer concrete and reinforcements is to be studied to develop codal provisions for practical design purposes.

A detailed study is needed to minimize the amount of heat energy required for polymerization of geopolymer concrete.

It is obvious that durability of geopolymer concrete is to studied in details for long term performance of such concrete.

References

Davidovits, J (1988) “Soft Mineralogy and Geopolymers”, Proceedings of the of Geopolyemer 88 International Conference, the Université de Technologie, Geopolymer Compiègne, France.

Dutta, B.N., “Estimating and Costing in Civil Engineering”, UBS

Malhotra, V. M. (1999). "Making Concrete "Greener" With Fly Ash." ACI Concrete International 21(5): 61-66.

Tait, J.B(1987) “Interlocking Concrete Block paving” National Roads board, RRU Technical Recommendation TR10.

PWD Schedule Rates for 2011-2012. Shackle, B(1978) “An Experimental Investigation

of the Response of Interlocking Block pavements to Simulated Traffic Loading”. Australian Road Reasearch Board. ARR 90.