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DESIGN CHECKING
There are certain ways to check a design for a specific plant
operation. Specific unit
operations are conducted in specific kinds of units. Although
some units may operate at ambient
temperature or pressure, many units operate at higher or lower
temperatures or pressures.
Vessels in chemical plants are oftencylindrical with rounded
ends, a shape which can be suited
to hold either high pressure or vacuum.Chemical reactions can
switch certain kinds
ofcompounds into other compounds inchemical reactors. Chemical
reactors may bepacked
beds and may have solid heterogeneouscatalysts which stay in the
reactors as fluids move
through, or may be simply be stirred vessels in which reactions
occur. Since the surface of solid
heterogeneous catalysts may sometimes become "poisoned" from
deposits such ascoke,
regeneration of catalysts may be necessary.Fluidized beds may
also be used in some cases to
ensure good mixing. There can also be units (or subunits)
formixing (including
dissolving),separation,heating, cooling, or some combination of
these. For example, chemical
reactors often have stirring for mixing and heating or cooling
to maintain temperature. When
designing plants on a large scale, heat produced or absorbed by
chemical reactions must be
considered. Some plants may have units with organism cultures
for biochemical processes such
asfermentation orenzyme production.But for this project, the
main concentration of our design checking would focus more on
the
piping and the pump design system since we are very much
particular on the application of
momentum transfer.
By re-computing the values from of the given design, we arrived
to series of conclusion
found out that there are errors commited in the following
elements:
a)
Units
- Some of the conversion of units are inconsistent specially in
the conversion of mass.
b) Material Balances
- The original design did not assume for any losses during the
process.- The computation of the overall material balances did not
show equilibrium of values.
- Losses may be caused by series of material transferring or
some particles of the mixture
involved in the unit processes.
C) Pipings and pumps
- Changes in values like the mass flow rate will affect other
necessary parameters
involved in the process.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_operationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_operationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_(geometry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packed_bedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packed_bedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coke_(fuel)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluidized_bedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixing_(process_engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_fermentationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzymehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzymehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_fermentationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixing_(process_engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluidized_bedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coke_(fuel)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packed_bedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packed_bedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_(geometry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_operationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_operation
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PROCESS
KILN
- as we all know, the kiln machine is a thermally insulated
chamber, a type ofoven, that
produces temperatures sufficient to complete some process, such
as hardening, drying, or
chemical changes. During the process of converting
alpha-spudumene into betta spudumene,
solid particles where subjected into the machine and therefore
requires no piping design or
pump requirement since the transfer matter on this unit requires
only physical transfer ( by hand
of by another machine that could carry heavy amounts of the
material). During the process there
will be no addition of other raw materials and therefore, mass
is conserved while energy is being
absorbed since heat is applied to the material. The input amount
will remain unchanged but
considering a 0.1% loss is noble.
F1= 12, 353.004kg/day P1= 12, 353.004kg/day( ideally)
( alpha- spodumene) ( Betta spudumene)
P1 actual = (12, 353.004kg/day)x.999= 12340.651 kg/day
Losses = (12, 353.004)x.001=12.353 kg/day
KILN
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oven
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KILN to COOLING UNIT
- Lowering the temperature of the material is necessary for the
following reasons:
1)
Transferring of the material is easier
2)
Will not affect the next equipment specially when it is not
designed to handle high
temperature.
3)
The material is still in solid phase therefore, no piping
requirements needed.
F1= 12,340.651 kg/day P1= 12,328.310 kg/day
( alpha- spodumene) T1 ( Betta spudumene) T2
Therefore,T1
