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4/21/2015
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© 2014 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Steve Willoughby
Parametric and Integrated Bridge DesignLEAP Bridge Steel
2 | WWW.BENTLEY.COM | © 2014 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Design and Rating of Steel Bridges
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Discussion Topics
• LEAP Bridge Steel Overview
• 3D Modeling Workflow
• General commands
• Roadway Commands and Civil data import
• Superstructure Modeling
• Substructure Modeling
• Analysis
• Design
• Substructure Analysis/design using RC-PIER
• Load Rating
• Export to MicroStation
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LEAP Bridge Steel Overview
• Supported bridge configurations– Simple and continuous spans
– Straight and curved bridges
– Standard rolled shapes and welded I girders
– 6th Edition (7th coming soon) of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification, and
– 2nd Edition of the AASHTO Manual for Bridge Evaluation.
• Provides:– Parametric modeling
– Streamlined analysis
– Design code checking
– Load Rating
– Transparent dead and live load analysis by STAAD.Pro
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LEAP Bridge Steel Overview
• General Commands
– Libraries
– Tutorials
– MS export …
• Modeling Commands
– Roadway
– Superstructure
– Substructure
– Analysis, design, rating
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General Commands
View toggles
Add
Remove
Refresh Bridge
Libraries
DTM view
options
Export model
to
MicroStation
Input Data
Report
Tutorials
RSS
Feeds
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General Commands - Libraries
• Libraries store…
– Appurtenances
– Vehicles/live load information
– Material tables
• Users can add and share library data
• Library elements are selected during the modeling process
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General Commands – Appurtenance Library
• Parapets
• Medians
• Sidewalk
• Railings
• General
• Weights are included automatically as DC2 load on the model
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General Commands – Material Library
• Steel
• Concrete
• Reinforcing steel
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General Commands – Vehicle Library
• Define
– Truck loads
– Lane loads
– Live load groups
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Bridge Modeling Workflow
• Roadway Elements
– Import from Civil InRoads, GEOPAK, MXROAD
– Enter in LBS
• Superstructure
• Substructure
• Analysis
• Design
• Load Rating
Wor
kflo
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Roadway Element Commands
• Roadway elements define the horizontal,
vertical and cross section geometry for
the bridge deck
• The cross section defines the left and right
edges of the slab
• Tapered cross sections define tapered
slabs
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• Import alignments and beam paths directly from MicroStation
Import From MicroStation
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Roadway Elements – Roadway Definition
• Combines alignment, profile and cross section to define roadway/slab surface and edges
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Superstructure Commands
• Define the components of the superstructure
• 3D bridge model automatically updated geometrically and for loading
• 3D Model can be visualized at every stage of model definition
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Superstructure – Pier & Abutment Locations
• Locate bridge support centerlines
• Define as pier or abutment
• Assign skew, if any
• Can be offset to alignment
• Define bearing locations
• Changes are automatically reflected in the overall model
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Superstructure – Deck Slab
• Define concrete deck longitudinal bounds
• When the deck is defined as multiple slab units, these can be used in the Deck Placement Sequence Command
• Sacrificial wearing surface included for dead load calculation
• Slab is considered non-composite until shear connectors are added
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Superstructure – Deck Reinforcing Steel
• Used in section property calculations as stipulated by the AASHTO Spec.
– Strength: Article 6.10.1.1.1c – sections in negative bending
– Service: Article 6.10.4.2.1
• Used to determine minimum steel requirements per Article 6.10.1.7
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Superstructure – Member Groups
• Define the member layout or framing plan –straight or curved
• Simple or continuous spans
• Define from MicroStation elements
• A single bridge model can contain multiple member groups
• Member groups can be copied in their entirety (including members) to different locations
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Superstructure – Standard Section List
• Select standard shapes for…
– Cross frames
– Main members
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Superstructure – Member Definition
• Define member geometry using schedule based methodology
• Web transitions
• Copy members
• Hybrid girders
• Welded plate or standard section
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Superstructure – Cross-Frame / Diaphragm Definition
• Struts, X, V, inverted V
• Build from standard shapes
• Control orientation of members
• Analyze as frame or truss
• Used in grillage model as equivalent beam using methods from NCHRP Report 725
• Individual member forces computed
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Superstructure - Cross-Frame / Diaphragm Location
• Locate per bay or entire bridge
• Can be skewed
• Wizards available to assist layout
• Manipulate individually
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Superstructure – Stiffener Definition and Location
• Define bearing, connection plates or shear stiffeners
• Wizards available to assist locating stiffeners
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Superstructure – Shear Connector Definition and Location
• Define stud, channel or generic
• Locate along members by range with longitudinal and transverse spacing
• Define regions of composite action
• Fatigue and Strength checks
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• Define locations of moment release along any member
Hinge Locations
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Superstructure – Appurtenance Locations
• Locate appurtenances such as parapets, medians, sidewalk, etc.
• DC2 load automatically calculated
• Parapets define travel way for live load
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Substructure – Piers and Abutments
• Piers
– Multi-column
– Hammerhead
• Abutments
– Pile cap
– Stem wall
• All geometry defined in LBS and passed to RC-PIER for design
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Substructure – Support Conditions
• Control movement at bearing locations
– Pinned
– Roller
– Fixed
– Float
– Directional
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Analysis Commands
• Point of Interest Locations
• Deck Placement Sequence
• Loads
• Analysis
• Design
• Rating
• Substructure Design/Analysis
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Analysis – Point of Interest Locations
• Locations where analysis results and design code checks
• Auto located at X-frames
• At section breaks
• User defined locations
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Analysis – Deck Placement Sequence
1
2 3
4
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Analysis – Deck Placement Sequence
• Provides means to analyze stress effects in the steel and concrete slab as slab segments are poured in each stage
• The process is closely tied to Constructability checking (6.10.3)
• LBS automatically generates stages, load cases and load combinations
• User defined load cases at any stage
• Deck overhang, construction and finishing machine loads can be added
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Analysis – Deck Placement Sequence Simulation
Slab 1 Slab 2 Slab 3 Slab 4 Slab 5
Plan View of Bridge
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Analysis - Loads
Load Combinations• The Loads command allows entry of
load cases (right) and Load
combinations (left)
• Loads Cases can be:
• Permanent DC1 dead load
• Superimposed DC2 dead load
• FWS/Utility DW dead load
• Uniform temperature
• Pedestrian
• Wind
• and Live load
• Load cases and combinations can
be user defined for any stage.
Load Cases
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Analysis – Dead Load
• Most dead load cases are auto generated and updated as the model changes
• Dead load cases can be user defined
• DC1 loads applied to the non-composite structure
• DC2 loads applied to the long term composite structure (N=3N)
• DW loads applied to the long term composite structure (N=3N)
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Analysis – Live Load
• Live load cases consist of:
– Vehicles
– Lane
– Combinations of vehicle and lane
– Notional effects
– Special envelope and optional factors
– Optional side by side load
• Live loads applied to the short term composite structure (N=N)
• All live loads are stored in the Vehicle Library
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Analysis – Load Combinations
• LEAP Bridge Steel auto generates default load combinations for construction and final stages
• Construction stage loads include all automatically generated loads from previous stages (for stress accumulation)
• User defined load combinations can be added to any stage
• Construction stage combinations default to Strength I
• Final stage load combinations default to Strength I, Service II and Fatigue
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Analysis – Structural Analysis
• There currently are two analysis options
– Line girder
– Grillage
• Line Girder Live load distribution factors calculated automatically
• Analysis performed for all dead and live load cases
• Analysis takes into account structure stiffness variations in each stage
• Results displayed in report and graphic form
• Results exported to multiple formats: PDF, Excel, HTML, RTF, MHT, Text, JPG, PNG…..
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Analysis – Results
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Analysis Results – Camber Diagrams
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Analysis - Reports
• Dead Load
– Node displacements
– Girder forces
– Cross frame forces
– Support reactions
• Live Load
– Distribution factors
– Girder forces
– Node displacements
– Cross frame forces
– Support reactions
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Analysis - Design
• Design code checks per AASHTO LRFD 6th Edition (7th Edition updates coming)
• Load rating per Manual for Bridge Evaluation, 2nd Edition
• Detail reports organized by member and Point of Interest
• Code check failures are flagged
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Analysis – Design Reports
• Under / Over Design
• Section Properties
• Section Limits
• Factored Forces
• Factored Stresses
• Intermediate values
• Shear connectors
• Constructibility
• Service Limit State
• Strength Limit State
• Fatigue
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Analysis – Design Reports
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Analysis - Rating
• LBS 1.0 performs design Inventory and Operating rating
• Rating models are copied from the design model or other rating models – multiple rating models possible
• User defined combinations
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Analysis – Substructure Design/Analysis
• Substructure geometry and superstructure description are seamlessly passed to RC-PIER
• RC-PIER performs analysis and design
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Export to MicroStation
• The complete bridge model is exported to MicroStation as a 3D intelligent model
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Steel Bridge designed by LEAP Bridge Steel
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Upcoming Events – Important Dates
• Save the Date
– Bentley LEARNing conference
• May 6-7, 2015 – Indianapolis, Indiana
• Bentley Bridge SIG Meeting included
– Bentley Bridge SIG
• June 11, 2015
• 3D Modeling with LEAP
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