Archaic Period800-500 B.C.Describe the

evolution of the helmets.

Greek Culture Revived

Dark Ages = 300 yrs Lose the art of

writing No mention in other

records (Egyptians) Arhcaic Period

800-500 B.C. Greek Culture revived Writing, art, sculpture

Pregnancy of Western Culture

Hoplite Soldier – Athens v. Spartan

City States & Democracy

City-States Two Groups:

Free Men (families) Slaves (workers)

Citizen Groups Citizens = born in

Athens Politics, army, officials,

jury Metics = not born in

Athens No property or politics

Slaves No legal rights

Tyrants lead to Democracy Rich landowners –

strict laws Solon the Reformer

(594 B.C.) Food for poor Citizens more involved Can’t be sold into

slavery 508 B.C. –

Democracy introduced!

Sparta & Athens Emerge

Sparta Warrior mentality

Everyman must become soldier, from birth

Small population All citizens in army & vote

Daily Life Perioikoi – people under

Spartan rule Not citizens, but free to work

and trade Helots – people who resisted,

forced to work the land Athens

Warships Triremes Ryan Emrick

Trireme

Birth of Literacy

Alphabet Adapted Phoenician

system Easier to learn All modern European

alphabets developed from this

Spoken Word Transformed Professional poets (bards),

now can write down Homer most famous bard

Iliad & Odyssey earliest Greek writing

Homer – British Museum – Roman copy of Greek original – 1st or 2nd Century A.D.

Persian Empire Invasion

Persian Empire Largest in the world Threatening Greek city

states Horizon of Democracy

Idea/concept of freedom and citizenship threatened at infancy

Greeks understood importance – way of life

1st Persian Invasion King Darius I Battle of Marathon

2nd Persian Invasion King Xerxes Battle of Thermopylae &

Salamis