3 Learning Outcomes By the end of this session you should be
able to: list the major functions of each of the four major animal
tissue types give the functions carried out by epithelial tissue
types and state their general location/s describe the basic
features of connective tissue, and explain how the cells of this
tissue type enable connective tissue to carry out its various
tasks. distinguish among skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle
tissues in terms of location, structure, and function
Slide 4
Multicellular (large) organisms function more efficiently if
cells become specialized for specific functions. A tissue is
composed of cells that function together in a specialized activity.
4 Introduction
Slide 5
There are four types of tissues found in an animal. 1.
Epithelial tissue 2. Connective tissue 3. Muscle tissue 4. Nervous
tissue 5 Introduction
Slide 6
1. Epithelial tissue Forming tight covering and protecting
layers below 2. Connective tissue Holding other tissues together
and are surrounded by lots of nonliving material. 6
Slide 7
3. Muscle tissue Shortening and lengthening to move other
tissues. 4. Nervous tissue Allowing rapid flow of ions in and out
to conduct signals Nucleus of schwann cell Layer of myelin Axon
Node of ranvier Terminal knob Myelin sheath Axon Cell body Nucleus
Dendrites 7
Slide 8
Two types of epithelial tissues 1. Covering and lining
epithelium ( outer layer of the skin and some organs) 2. Glandular
epithelium ( constitute the secreting portion of glands) 8
Slide 9
There are three types of cells in epithelial tissues 1.Squamous
thin flat cells 2.Cuboidal cells are roughly square 3.Columnar -
elongated cells. 9
Slide 10
Three types of cell layers exist in epithelium tissues
Epithelium tissue Simple epithelium Stratified epithelium Pseudo
epithelium 10
Slide 11
Glands are made up of single or a mass of epithelial cells. Two
types of glands 1. Exocrine - Secrete their products in to ducts
Eg. Salivary glands and mammary glands 2. Endocrine - Secrete their
products into blood stream Eg. Pancreas 11 Glandular
epithelium
2. Connective tissue Most abundant and most widely distributed
tissue in the body. These tissues provide support for organs and
the body as a whole, protect and insulate internal organs and
compartmentalize structures such as skeletal muscles, nerves.
14
Slide 15
Connective tissue is made up of cells, ground substances and
fibers. Ground substances together with fibers make matrix. 15
Connective tissue
Slide 16
Connective tissues can be classified as; A. Loose connective
tissue (fibers are loosely woven) B. Dense connective tissue (few
cells among a dense network of fibers with little ground
substances) C. Cartilage (tough but flexible) 16 Connective
tissue
Slide 17
Blood tissue - (composed of blood cells, cell fragments and
blood plasma) 17 Connective tissue
Slide 18
D. Bone tissue (two types; compact and spongy) compact with
osteons spongy - no osteons 18 Connective tissue
Slide 19
3.Muscular Tissue Muscle cells are elongated and are called as
muscle fibers These cells have main properties Excitability (
ability to respond to stimuli) 19
Slide 20
Contractibility (ability to contract) Extensibility (ability to
be stretched without tearing) Elasticity (ability to return to its
normal shape) 20 Muscular Tissue
Slide 21
Muscle tissue is classified into three types (Cardiac, Skeletal
and Smooth) 21 Muscular Tissue
Slide 22
Skeletal muscles are known as striated muscles or voluntary
muscles. These muscles are attached to bones by tendons and are
responsible for skeletal movements. Basic unit of a skeletal muscle
is a muscle fiber. Bone Tendon Blood vessel Muscle fiber Fascicle
Perimysium Epimysium Endomysium 22 Muscular Tissue
Slide 23
Cardiac muscle is unique and found only in the wall of the
heart. Its fibers have cross striations. This muscle is
involuntary. Cardiac muscle 23 Muscular Tissue
Slide 24
Smooth muscle tissue is made up of thin elongated muscle cells
called smooth muscle fibers. These fibers are pointed at their ends
and each has a single, large oval nucleus. Each cell has many
myofibrils which lie parallel to one another in striated pattern,
as in skeletal muscles. Autonomic neurons Nucleus Muscle fibers 24
Muscular Tissue
Slide 25
Nervous Tissue Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal
cord and nerves and consists of only two principal kinds of cells,
neurons and neuroglia. 25
Slide 26
Cells of nervous tissue have three principal parts 1.Dendrites
2.Cell body 3.Axon Nucleus of schwann cell Layer of myelin Axon
Node of ranvier Terminal knob Myelin sheath Axon Cell body Nucleus
Dendrites 26 Nervous Tissue
Slide 27
Neuroglial cells that do not transmit impulses but instead
support the activities of the neurons. Schwann cells, a type in the
peripheral nervous system only in mammals. 27 Nervous Tissue